晋书--列传第五十八
孝友
○李密 盛彦 夏方(fang) 王裒 许(xu)孜 庾衮 孙晷 颜含 刘(liu)殷 王延 王谈(tan)桑虞 何琦 吴逵(kui)
大矣(yi)哉,孝之(zhi)为(wei)德(de)也(ye)!分(fen)浑元而(er)立体(ti)(ti),道贯(guan)三灵(ling);资品汇以(yi)顺名(ming),功(gong)苞万象。用之(zhi)于(yu)国,动天(tian)地(di)而(er)降休征(zheng);行之(zhi)于(yu)家,感(gan)鬼神而(er)昭(zhao)景福。若乃(nai)博施备物,尊(zun)仁安(an)义(yi),柔(rou)色承(cheng)颜,怡怡尽乐,击鲜就(jiu)养,亹癖(pi)忘劬(qu),集包思艺(yi)黍之(zhi)勤,循陔有(you)采兰之(zhi)咏,事亲之(zhi)道也(ye)。属(shu)属(shu)如在(zai),哀哀罔(wang)极,聚薪流恸(tong),衔索兴嗟(jie),晒(shai)风树以(yi)隤心,頫寒泉而(er)沫泣,追远之(zhi)情也(ye)。审德(de)筮(shi)仕,正(zheng)务移官,居高匪危,在(zai)丑无争,协修升以(yi)匡化(hua),怀履冰(bing)而(er)砥节,立身之(zhi)行也(ye)。是以(yi)闵曾翼(yi)翼(yi),遵六教而(er)缉贞(zhen)规;蔡董(dong)烝烝,弘(hong)七体(ti)(ti)而(er)垂令迹(ji)。亦有(you)至诚上感(gan),明祗下(xia)赞,郭巨致锡金之(zhi)庆。阳雍标莳玉之(zhi)祉;乌驯(xun)丹(dan)羽,巢叔(shu)和之(zhi)室,鹿呈(cheng)白毳(cui),扰(rao)功(gong)文之(zhi)庐。然则(ze)因彼孝慈而(er)生(sheng)友悌,理在(zai)兼综,义(yi)归(gui)一(yi)揆。夫(fu)天(tian)伦之(zhi)重(zhong),共气分(fen)形,心睽(kui)则(ze)叶(ye)悴荆权,性合则(ze)华承(cheng)棣萼。乃(nai)有(you)推代瘦(shou),徇急难之(zhi)情;让果同衾,尽欢愉之(zhi)致:缅窥缃素,载流尘(chen)躅者(zhe)欤!
晋氏始自(zi)中朝,逮于(yu)江左,虽百六之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾遄及,而君子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)未消,孝(xiao)悌名流(liu),犹(you)为继踵。王伟元之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行己,许季义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)节(jie),夏方、盛(sheng)彦体至(zhi)性(xing)以驰芬,庾衮(gun)、颜含笃友于(yu)而宣(xuan)范,自(zi)余群(qun)士,咸标懿德。采其遗绚,足厉浇风,故著《孝(xiao)友篇》以续前史云耳。
李密(mi)(mi),字令伯,犍为武阳(yang)人也(ye),一名(ming)虔。父早亡,母(mu)何(he)氏醮。密(mi)(mi)时年数岁,感恋弥至,烝烝之性(xing),遂以成(cheng)疾(ji)。祖母(mu)刘氏,躬(gong)自抚养,密(mi)(mi)奉事以孝谨闻。刘氏有疾(ji),则涕(ti)泣侧(ce)息(xi),未(wei)尝解衣,饮膳汤药必先尝后进(jin)。有暇则讲学忘疲(pi),而师事谯周,周门(men)人方之游夏(xia)。
少仕蜀,为(wei)郎。数(shu)使吴,有才辩,吴人称之(zhi)。蜀平,泰始初,诏征为(wei)太子(zi)洗马。密以祖母年高,无人奉(feng)养(yang),遂(sui)不应命。乃上疏曰:
臣以险衅,夙遭闵(min)凶,生孩(hai)六月(yue),慈父见背,行(xing)(xing)年(nian)四岁,舅夺母志。祖母刘愍臣孤弱,躬亲抚养(yang)。臣少多疾病(bing),九岁不行(xing)(xing),零(ling)丁辛苦(ku),至于成(cheng)立。既无(wu)伯叔,终鲜兄(xiong)弟,门衰祚薄,晚有兒息。外无(wu)期功强近之亲,内(nei)无(wu)应门五尺之童,茕茕孑立,形影相吊(diao)。而刘早婴疾病(bing),常在床蓐。臣侍汤药(yao),未尝废离。
自(zi)奉圣朝,沐浴清(qing)化,前(qian)太守(shou)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)逵,察臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)孝廉(lian),后刺史臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)荣,举臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)秀才。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)以供养无主(zhu),辞不赴命(ming)。明诏特下,拜臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)郎中,寻蒙国恩,除臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)洗马。猥以微贱,当侍东(dong)宫,非臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)陨首所能上报。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)具以表(biao)闻,辞不就职(zhi)。诏书切峻(jun),责(ze)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)逋慢(man),郡县逼(bi)迫,催臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)上道(dao),州司临门(men),急于(yu)星(xing)火。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)欲(yu)奉诏奔驰,则刘病日(ri)笃;苟徇(xun)私(si)情,则告诉不许。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)进退,实(shi)为狼(lang)狈。
伏惟圣朝以(yi)孝治天下(xia),凡在故(gu)老,犹(you)蒙矜恤,况(kuang)臣(chen)孤苦(ku)尪羸之极。且臣(chen)少仕伪朝,历职郎(lang)署,本图宦达(da),不矜名节。今臣(chen)亡国贱俘,至微至陋,猥蒙拔擢,宠命(ming)殊私(si),岂敢(gan)盘桓,有(you)所希冀!但以(yi)刘日薄西山,气(qi)息(xi)奄奄,人(ren)命(ming)危浅,朝不虑(lv)夕。臣(chen)无祖(zu)(zu)母,无以(yi)至今日;祖(zu)(zu)母无臣(chen),无以(yi)终(zhong)(zhong)余年。母孙二人(ren),更相为命(ming),是以(yi)私(si)情(qing)区区不敢(gan)弃(qi)远。臣(chen)密今年四十有(you)四,祖(zu)(zu)母刘今年九十有(you)六,是臣(chen)尽节于(yu)陛下(xia)之日长,而报(bao)养(yang)刘之日短也(ye)。乌鸟(niao)私(si)情(qing),愿乞(qi)终(zhong)(zhong)养(yang)。
臣(chen)之(zhi)辛苦,非(fei)但蜀之(zhi)人(ren)士及二州牧伯之(zhi)所明知(zhi),皇天后土,实所鉴见。伏(fu)愿陛下(xia)矜(jin)愍愚(yu)诚,听臣(chen)微志,庶刘(liu)侥幸(xing),保卒余年。臣(chen)生当陨身,死(si)当结草。
帝览(lan)之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“士之(zhi)有(you)名,不(bu)虚(xu)然哉!”乃停召。后刘终,服(fu)阕,复以(yi)洗马(ma)征至洛。司空(kong)张华问之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“安(an)乐公(gong)何如?”密曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“可(ke)次(ci)齐(qi)桓(huan)。”华问其故,对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“齐(qi)桓(huan)得管仲(zhong)而霸,用竖刁(diao)而虫流。安(an)乐公(gong)得诸葛亮而抗(kang)魏,任(ren)黄(huang)皓而丧国,是(shi)知(zhi)成败一也。”次(ci)问:“孔(kong)明言教(jiao)何碎?”密曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昔舜、禹(yu)、皋陶相与语,故得简雅(ya);《大诰(gao)》与凡人言,宜碎。孔(kong)明与言者(zhe)无己(ji)敌,言教(jiao)是(shi)以(yi)碎耳。”华善之(zhi)。
出(chu)为(wei)温(wen)令,而(er)憎疾(ji)从(cong)事(shi),尝与(yu)人(ren)(ren)书曰(yue):“庆父不(bu)(bu)死(si),鲁(lu)难未已。”从(cong)事(shi)白其书司隶,司隶以密在(zai)县(xian)清(qing)慎,弗之劾也。密有(you)才能,常望(wang)内转,而(er)朝(chao)廷(ting)无援(yuan),乃迁汉中(zhong)太守,自以失分(fen)怀怨。及赐饯东堂,诏(zhao)密令赋诗(shi),末章(zhang)曰(yue):“人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)有(you)言,有(you)因有(you)缘。官(guan)(guan)无中(zhong)人(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)如归田。明(ming)明(ming)在(zai)上(shang),斯语岂然!”武帝(di)忿之,于是都(dou)官(guan)(guan)从(cong)事(shi)奏免密官(guan)(guan)。后卒于家。二子:赐、兴。
赐字(zi)宗石,少能属文(wen),尝(chang)为(wei)《玄鸟(niao)赋》,词(ci)甚(shen)(shen)美。州辟(pi)别(bie)驾,举秀(xiu)才(cai),未行(xing)而终(zhong)。兴(xing)字(zi)隽石,亦有文(wen)才(cai),刺史罗尚辟(pi)别(bie)驾。尚为(wei)李雄(xiong)所攻,使兴(xing)诣镇南将军刘弘(hong)(hong)求救,兴(xing)因愿留(liu),为(wei)弘(hong)(hong)参军而不还。尚白弘(hong)(hong),弘(hong)(hong)即夺(duo)其手版(ban)而遣(qian)之(zhi)。兴(xing)之(zhi)在弘(hong)(hong)府(fu),弘(hong)(hong)立诸葛(ge)孔明、羊叔子碣,使兴(xing)俱为(wei)之(zhi)文(wen),甚(shen)(shen)有辞理(li)。
盛彦,字(zi)翁(weng)子,广陵人也。少有(you)异(yi)才。年八岁,诣吴(wu)太(tai)尉(wei)戴昌,昌赠诗以观之(zhi),彦于坐答(da)之(zhi)。辞(ci)甚康慨。母(mu)(mu)王氏因疾(ji)失明(ming),彦每言及(ji),未(wei)尝不流涕。于是不应辟召,躬自侍养,母(mu)(mu)食必自哺之(zhi)。母(mu)(mu)既疾(ji)久,至于婢(bi)使(shi)数见(jian)捶挞(ta)。婢(bi)忿恨,伺彦暂(zan)行,取蛴螬灸饴之(zhi)。母(mu)(mu)食以为美,然疑是异(yi)物,密(mi)藏以示彦。彦见(jian)之(zhi),抱母(mu)(mu)恸哭(ku),绝而(er)复苏。母(mu)(mu)目豁然即开,从此遂愈。彦仕吴(wu),至中(zhong)(zhong)书侍郎,吴(wu)平,陆云荐之(zhi)于刺史周浚(jun),本邑大中(zhong)(zhong)正刘颂又举彦为小(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)正。太(tai)康中(zhong)(zhong)卒(zu)。
夏(xia)方(fang),字文正,会稽永(yong)兴人也。家(jia)遭疫疠,父(fu)母伯叔群从(cong)死者十三(san)(san)人。方(fang)年(nian)十四(si),夜(ye)则(ze)号哭,昼则(ze)负土,十有七(qi)载,葬送得(de)毕,因庐于(yu)墓侧,种植松柏,乌鸟猛(meng)兽驯扰其(qi)旁。吴时拜仁义都尉,累迁(qian)五(wu)官(guan)中(zhong)郎将(jiang)。朝会未尝乘车,行必(bi)让路。吴平(ping),除高山令。百姓有罪(zui)应加捶挞者,方(fang)向之涕泣(qi)而不加罪(zui),大小(xiao)莫(mo)敢(gan)犯焉。在官(guan)三(san)(san)年(nian),州举(ju)秀才,还家(jia),卒,年(nian)八十七(qi)。
王裒,字(zi)伟(wei)元,城阳营陵人(ren)也。祖修,有名魏(wei)世。父仪(yi),高亮(liang)雅直,为(wei)文(wen)帝(di)(di)司(si)(si)马。东关(guan)之(zhi)役,帝(di)(di)问于众曰(yue):“近曰(yue)之(zhi)事,谁任其咎?”仪(yi)对曰(yue):“责在(zai)元帅。”帝(di)(di)怒(nu)曰(yue):“司(si)(si)马欲委罪(zui)于孤(gu)邪!”遂引出斩之(zhi)。
裒少立操尚,行己以礼,身(shen)长(zhang)八(ba)尺四(si)寸,容貌绝异,音声清亮,辞气雅正,博学多能,痛(tong)父非命,未(wei)尝(chang)西向而坐。示不臣朝廷也。于是隐居教授,三征七辟皆不就。庐(lu)于墓侧,旦夕常至墓所拜跪,攀柏悲号,涕泪著树,树为之枯。母性畏雷,母没,每雷,辄到墓曰(yue):“裒在此。”及读《诗》至“哀(ai)哀(ai)父母,生我(wo)劬劳(lao)”,未(wei)尝(chang)不三复流(liu)涕,门人受业者并废《蓼(liao)莪》之篇。
家贫(pin),躬耕,计(ji)口而田,度(du)身(shen)(shen)而蚕。或有(you)助之(zhi)者,不听(ting)。诸生(sheng)(sheng)密为(wei)刈麦(mai),裒(pou)遂弃之(zhi)。知旧(jiu)有(you)致遗者,皆不受(shou)。门(men)人为(wei)本县所(suo)役,告裒(pou)求(qiu)属令,良曰:“卿(qing)学不足以(yi)庇身(shen)(shen),吾(wu)德薄不足以(yi)廕卿(qing),属之(zhi)何(he)益(yi)!且吾(wu)不执(zhi)(zhi)笔已四(si)十(shi)年(nian)矣。”乃步(bu)担干饭,兒负盐豉(chi)草屐,送(song)(song)所(suo)役生(sheng)(sheng)到县,门(men)徒随从者千余人。安丘令以(yi)为(wei)诣己,整衣出迎之(zhi)。裒(pou)乃下(xia)道至土牛旁,磬折而立,云:“门(men)生(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)县所(suo)役,故来送(song)(song)别。”因(yin)执(zhi)(zhi)手涕泣(qi)而去。令即放之(zhi),一县以(yi)为(wei)耻。
乡人管彦少有才而(er)未知名,裒独以为必(bi)当(dang)自(zi)达(da),拔而(er)友之,男(nan)女各始(shi)生,便共(gong)许为婚。彦后(hou)为西夷(yi)校尉(wei),卒而(er)葬于洛阳(yang),裒后(hou)更嫁(jia)其女。彦弟馥问裒,裒曰(yue):“吾薄(bo)志毕愿山(shan)薮,昔(xi)嫁(jia)姊(zi)妹皆远,吉凶断(duan)绝(jue),每以此自(zi)誓。今(jin)贤兄子(zi)葬父(fu)(fu)子(zi)洛阳(yang)。此则(ze)京邑之人也,由吾结好之本意哉!”馥曰(yue):“嫂,齐人也,当(dang)还临淄(zi)。”裒曰(yue):“安有葬父(fu)(fu)河南而(er)随母还齐!用意如(ru)此,何婚之有!”
北海邴(bing)春(chun)少立志操,寒(han)苦(ku)自居,负笈游学,乡邑(yi)佥以(yi)(yi)为邴(bing)原(yuan)复出(chu)。裒以(yi)(yi)春(chun)性险狭慕(mu)名,终必不成。其(qi)后春(chun)果无行,学业不终,有识以(yi)(yi)此归之。裒常以(yi)(yi)为人之所行期于当归善道,何必以(yi)(yi)所能而责人所不能。
及洛(luo)京倾覆,寇(kou)资蜂起,亲族(zu)悉欲(yu)移(yi)渡江(jiang)东,裒恋坟垄不去。贼大(da)盛,方(fang)行,犹(you)思慕不能进(jin),遂为贼所(suo)害。
许(xu)孜(zi)(zi),字季义,东阳(yang)吴宁人也。孝友恭让,敏而好学(xue)。年(nian)(nian)二十(shi),师事豫(yu)章太守会(hui)稽(ji)孔(kong)冲,受《诗》、《书》、《礼(li)》、《易(yi)》及《孝经(jing)》、《论语》。学(xue)竟(jing),还乡里(li)。冲在(zai)郡(jun)丧亡,孜(zi)(zi)闻(wen)问尽哀,负担奔(ben)赴,送丧还会(hui)稽(ji),蔬食执役(yi),制服三年(nian)(nian)。俄而二亲没,柴(chai)毁骨立(li),杖而能起,建墓(mu)于(yu)县(xian)之(zhi)东山,躬(gong)自(zi)负土,不(bu)受乡人之(zhi)助(zhu)。或愍孜(zi)(zi)羸惫,苦(ku)求(qiu)来助(zhu),孜(zi)(zi)昼助(zhu)不(bu)逆,夜便(bian)除之(zhi)。每一悲号,鸟兽(shou)翔(xiang)集。孜(zi)(zi)以方营(ying)大功,乃弃其(qi)(qi)妻,镇宿墓(mu)所,列植松柏亘(gen)五六里(li)。时有鹿犯其(qi)(qi)松栽(zai),改悲叹(tan)曰:“鹿独不(bu)念我乎(hu)!”明日,忽见(jian)鹿为猛(meng)(meng)兽(shou)所杀,置(zhi)于(yu)所犯栽(zai)下(xia)。孜(zi)(zi)怅惋不(bu)已,乃为作(zuo)冢,埋于(yu)隧侧。猛(meng)(meng)兽(shou)即(ji)于(yu)孜(zi)(zi)前自(zi)扑而死,孜(zi)(zi)益叹(tan)息,又取埋之(zhi)。自(zi)后树木滋茂(mao),而无犯者。积二十(shi)余年(nian)(nian)孜(zi)(zi)乃更(geng)娶妻,立(li)宅墓(mu)次,烝烝朝(chao)夕,奉亡如存,鹰雉栖其(qi)(qi)梁,檐鹿与猛(meng)(meng)兽(shou)扰其(qi)(qi)庭圃(pu),交颈(jing)同游(you),不(bu)相搏噬。元康中(zhong),郡(jun)察孝廉,不(bu)起,巾褐终身。年(nian)(nian)八十(shi)余,卒于(yu)家。邑人号其(qi)(qi)居为孝顺里(li)。
咸康(kang)中,太守张虞上疏曰(yue):“臣闻圣贤明训存乎举善,褒贬所兴,不(bu)远千载。谨案所领吴宁县物(wu)故人许孜,至性孝友,立节(jie)清峻(jun),与物(wu)恭让(rang),言(yan)行不(bu)贰(er)。当其(qi)奉师(shi),则在三(san)之义尽;及(ji)其(qi)丧亲,实(shi)古(gu)今之所难。咸称殊类致感(gan),猛兽弭害(hai)。虽臣不(bu)及(ji)见,然备闻斯语,窃谓蔡顺(shun)、董黯无以过之。孜没积年,其(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)尚在,性行纯悫(que),今亦家(jia)于(yu)墓侧。臣以为孜之履操(cao),世(shi)所希(xi)逮,宜标其(qi)令迹,甄其(qi)后嗣,以酬既往,以奖方来。《阳秋传》曰(yue):‘善善及(ji)其(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙’。臣不(bu)达(da)大(da)体,请台量议。”疏奏,诏旌表门闾。蠲复子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙。其(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生亦有孝行。图孜像于(yu)堂(tang),朝夕(xi)拜焉。
庾(yu)衮,字叔褒,明穆皇后(hou)伯父(fu)也(ye)。少履勤俭,笃学好问,事亲以孝(xiao)称。咸(xian)宁中,大(da)疫,二(er)兄俱亡(wang),次(ci)兄毗(pi)复(fu)(fu)殆,疠气(qi)方炽,父(fu)母(mu)诸弟皆出(chu)次(ci)于外,衮独(du)留不(bu)(bu)去。诸父(fu)兄强之,乃(nai)曰:“衮性(xing)不(bu)(bu)畏(wei)病。”遂亲自扶持,昼(zhou)夜不(bu)(bu)眠(mian),其间复(fu)(fu)抚(fu)柩哀临不(bu)(bu)辍。如此十有余旬,疫势既歇,家人乃(nai)反,毗(pi)病得(de)差(cha),衮亦无恙。父(fu)老咸(xian)曰:“异(yi)哉此子!守(shou)人所不(bu)(bu)能(neng)守(shou),行(xing)(xing)人所不(bu)(bu)能(neng)行(xing)(xing),岁寒然后(hou)知松柏之后(hou)凋,始疑疫疠之不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)染也(ye)。”
初,衮(gun)诸父(fu)并(bing)贵盛,惟(wei)父(fu)独守贫(pin)约(yue)。衮(gun)躬亲(qin)稼穑(se),以给供养,而执事勤(qin)恪,与弟子(zi)树篱,跪以授条。或曰:“今在隐屏(ping),先(xian)生(sheng)何(he)恭之过?”衮(gun)曰:“幽显(xian)易操,非君子(zi)之志也。”父(fu)亡,作筥(ju)卖(mai)以养母。母见(jian)其勤(qin),曰:“我无所食。”对曰:“母食不(bu)甘,衮(gun)将何(he)居!”母感(gan)而安之。衮(gun)前妻荀氏(shi),继妻乐(le)氏(shi),皆官族富室,及适(shi)衮(gun),俱弃华丽,散(san)资财,与衮(gun)共(gong)安贫(pin)苦,相敬(jing)如宾。母终,服丧居于墓侧。
岁大饥,藜羹不(bu)(bu)(bu)糁(san),门人(ren)欲(yu)进其(qi)(qi)(qi)饭(fan)者,而(er)衮每曰(yue)已(yi)食(shi)(shi),莫(mo)敢为(wei)设。及(ji)麦熟,获者已(yi)毕(bi),而(er)采捃尚多,衮乃(nai)引其(qi)(qi)(qi)群子(zi)以(yi)(yi)退,曰(yue)“待其(qi)(qi)(qi)间。”及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)捃也(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)曲行,不(bu)(bu)(bu)旁掇,跪而(er)把之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则亦大获,又与邑人(ren)入山拾橡,分(fen)夷险,序长(zhang)幼,推易居难,礼无违(wei)者。或有斩(zhan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)墓(mu)柏,莫(mo)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)谁,乃(nai)召(zhao)邻(lin)人(ren)集(ji)于墓(mu)而(er)自责(ze)焉,因叩头泣涕,谢祖祢曰(yue):“德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)修,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能庇先(xian)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)树(shu),衮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪也(ye)。”父老(lao)咸亦为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)垂(chui)泣,自后人(ren)莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犯(fan)。抚诸(zhu)孤(gu)以(yi)(yi)慈,奉诸(zhu)寡以(yi)(yi)仁,事加于厚而(er)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义方,使长(zhang)者体其(qi)(qi)(qi)行,幼者忘其(qi)(qi)(qi)孤(gu)。孤(gu)甥郭秀,比诸(zhu)子(zi)侄,衣食(shi)(shi)而(er)每先(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。孤(gu)兄(xiong)女(nv)曰(yue)芳(fang),将嫁,美(mei)服既(ji)具,衮乃(nai)刈荆苕为(wei)箕(ji)帚,召(zhao)诸(zhu)子(zi)集(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于堂(tang),男女(nv)以(yi)(yi)班,命芳(fang)曰(yue):“芳(fang)乎!汝(ru)(ru)少孤(gu),汝(ru)(ru)逸汝(ru)(ru)豫,不(bu)(bu)(bu)汝(ru)(ru)疵瑕。今汝(ru)(ru)适人(ren),将事舅姑(gu),洒扫庭内,妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye),故赐汝(ru)(ru)此。匪器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)美(mei),欲(yu)温恭朝夕,虽休勿(wu)休也(ye)。”而(er)以(yi)(yi)旧宅(zhai)与其(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang)兄(xiong)子(zi)赓、翕(xi)。及(ji)翕(xi)卒(zu),衮哀其(qi)(qi)(qi)早(zao)孤(gu),痛其(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)人(ren)而(er)未娶,乃(nai)抚柩长(zhang)号,哀感行路(lu),闻者莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)垂(chui)涕。
初,衮(gun)父诫衮(gun)以酒,每醉(zui),辄自(zi)责曰(yue):“余废(fei)先父之(zhi)诫,其(qi)何以训(xun)人(ren)!”乃于父墓前自(zi)杖三十。邻人(ren)褚(chu)德逸(yi)者,善事其(qi)亲(qin),老而(er)不倦,衮(gun)每拜(bai)之(zhi)。尝与(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)兄过邑人(ren)陈准(zhun)兄弟(di),诸(zhu)(zhu)兄友之(zhi),皆(jie)拜(bai)其(qi)母,衮(gun)独不拜(bai)。准(zhun)弟(di)徽(hui)曰(yue):“子不拜(bai)吾亲(qin)何?”衮(gun)曰(yue):“未知所以拜(bai)也。夫(fu)拜(bai)人(ren)之(zhi)亲(qin)者,将(jiang)自(zi)同于人(ren)之(zhi)子也,其(qi)义至(zhi)重,衮(gun)敢(gan)轻之(zhi)乎?”遂不拜(bai)。准(zhun)、徽(hui)叹(tan)曰(yue):“古有(you)亮直之(zhi)士(shi),君(jun)(jun)近(jin)之(zhi)矣。君(jun)(jun)若当(dang)朝,则社稷(ji)之(zhi)臣欤!君(jun)(jun)若握兵,临大节,孰能夺之(zhi)!方今(jin)征聘,君(jun)(jun)实(shi)宜之(zhi)。”于是(shi)乡(xiang)党荐(jian)之(zhi),州郡交命,察(cha)孝廉,举秀才、清白异行,皆(jie)不降志,世遂号之(zhi)为异行。
元(yuan)康末,颍川太(tai)守召(zhao)为功曹(cao),衮(gun)(gun)服造役之衣(yi),杖锸荷斧(fu),不(bu)俟驾而(er)行,曰:“请受下夫之役。”太(tai)守饰车(che)而(er)迎,衮(gun)(gun)逡巡(xun)辞退,请徒行入郡,将命者遂逼扶升(sheng)车(che),纳于功曹(cao)舍。既而(er)衮(gun)(gun)自取己车(che)而(er)寝处焉(yan),形(xing)虽恭(gong)而(er)神有不(bu)可动之色。太(tai)守知其不(bu)屈(qu),乃叹曰:“非常士也,吾(wu)何以降之!”厚为之礼而(er)遣焉(yan)。
齐王冏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)唱义(yi)也(ye),张泓等肆掠于(yu)阳翟(zhai),衮乃(nai)(nai)率其(qi)(qi)(qi)同族及庶姓保于(yu)禹(yu)山。是(shi)(shi)(shi)时百姓安宁,未知战(zhan)(zhan)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),衮曰:“孔子(zi)云:‘不教而(er)(er)战(zhan)(zhan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’”乃(nai)(nai)集诸如士而(er)(er)谋(mou)(mou)曰:“二三君子(zi)相与处于(yu)险,将以(yi)安保亲(qin)尊,全妻孥也(ye)。古(gu)人(ren)(ren)有(you)言(yan):‘千人(ren)(ren)聚而(er)(er)不以(yi)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)为主(zhu)(zhu),不散则乱矣。’将若之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)!”众曰:“善。今(jin)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),非(fei)君而(er)(er)谁!”衮默然(ran)有(you)间,乃(nai)(nai)言(yan)曰:“古(gu)人(ren)(ren)急病让夷,不敢(gan)逃(tao)难(nan),然(ran)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立主(zhu)(zhu),贵(gui)从(cong)(cong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)命也(ye)。”乃(nai)(nai)誓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“无恃险,无怙乱,无暴邻,无抽屋,无樵采(cai)人(ren)(ren)所植,无谋(mou)(mou)非(fei)德,无犯非(fei)义(yi),戮力(li)一(yi)心,同恤危(wei)难(nan)。”众咸从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)峻险厄(e),杜蹊径,修壁坞,树蕃障,考功庸,计丈尺,均劳(lao)逸,通有(you)无,缮完器备,量力(li)任能,物(wu)应其(qi)(qi)(qi)宜,使邑推其(qi)(qi)(qi)长,里(li)推其(qi)(qi)(qi)贤,而(er)(er)身率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。分数既明,号令不二,上下有(you)礼,少长有(you)仪,将顺其(qi)(qi)(qi)美,匡救其(qi)(qi)(qi)恶。及贼至,衮乃(nai)(nai)勒部曲,整行伍,皆(jie)持满而(er)(er)勿发。贼挑战(zhan)(zhan),晏然(ran)不动,且辞焉(yan)。贼服其(qi)(qi)(qi)慎而(er)(er)畏其(qi)(qi)(qi)整,是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)皆(jie)退,如是(shi)(shi)(shi)者三。时人(ren)(ren)语(yu)曰:“所谓临事(shi)而(er)(er)惧、好(hao)谋(mou)(mou)而(er)(er)成(cheng)者,其(qi)(qi)(qi)庾异行乎!”
及(ji)冏(jiong)归(gui)于(yu)京师,逾(yu)年不(bu)(bu)朝,衮曰(yue):“晋室卑矣(yi),寇难方兴(xing)!”乃携(xie)其妻适林(lin)虑(lv)山(shan),事其新乡如(ru)其故乡,言忠(zhong)信(xin),行笃(du)敬。经(jing)及(ji)期年,而林(lin)虑(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),咸曰(yue)庾贤(xian)。及(ji)石勒(le)攻林(lin)虑(lv),父老谋曰(yue):“此(ci)有(you)(you)大头山(shan),九(jiu)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绝险也(ye)。上有(you)(you)古人遗迹,可共保(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”惠帝迁于(yu)长安(an)(an),衮乃相与(yu)登于(yu)大头山(shan)而田(tian)于(yu)其下。年谷未熟,食(shi)木(mu)实,饵石蕊,同(tong)保(bao)安(an)(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)终焉(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。及(ji)将(jiang)收获(huo),命(ming)子怞与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下山(shan),中途目眩瞀,坠崖而卒。同(tong)保(bao)赴哭曰(yue):“天乎(hu)!独不(bu)(bu)可舍(she)我贤(xian)乎(hu)!”时人伤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“庾贤(xian)绝尘避地,超然(ran)远迹,固穷(qiong)安(an)(an)陋(lou),木(mu)食(shi)山(shan)栖(qi),不(bu)(bu)与(yu)世同(tong)荣,不(bu)(bu)与(yu)人争利,不(bu)(bu)免遭命(ming),悲夫!”
衮(gun)学通《诗》《书》,非法不(bu)言(yan),非道不(bu)行,尊(zun)事(shi)耆老,惠训蒙幼,临人(ren)之(zhi)丧必(bi)(bi)尽哀(ai),会人(ren)之(zhi)葬必(bi)(bi)躬筑,劳则先之(zhi),逸则后之(zhi),言(yan)必(bi)(bi)行之(zhi),行必(bi)(bi)安之(zhi)。是(shi)以宗族乡党莫不(bu)崇仰,门人(ren)感(gan)慕,为(wei)人(ren)树碑焉。
有四子:怞、蔑(mie)(mie)、泽(ze)、捃(jun)(jun)。在泽(ze)生,故(gu)名(ming)泽(ze),因捃(jun)(jun)生,故(gu)曰捃(jun)(jun)。蔑(mie)(mie)后(hou)南渡江,中兴初,为侍中。蔑(mie)(mie)生愿,安成太(tai)守(shou)。
孙晷(gui)(gui),字文度,吴(wu)国富(fu)春人(ren),吴(wu)伏波将(jiang)军秀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾孙也。晷(gui)(gui)为兒(er)童,未(wei)尝(chang)(chang)被呵怒。顾(gu)荣见(jian)而称之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓其外祖薛(xue)兼曰:“此(ci)兒(er)神明清审,志气贞立,非常童也。”及长,恭孝清约,学识(shi)有理(li)义,每独处幽暗(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),容止瞻望未(wei)尝(chang)(chang)倾邪。虽(sui)(sui)侯家丰厚,而晷(gui)(gui)常布(bu)衣蔬食,躬亲垄亩,诵咏不(bu)废,欣(xin)然独得。父母愍其如此(ci),欲加优饶,而夙兴夜寐,无暂懈(xie)也。父母起居尝(chang)(chang)馔,虽(sui)(sui)诸兄亲馈,而晷(gui)(gui)不(bu)离左右。富(fu)春车(che)道既(ji)少,动经江川,父难(nan)于风波,每行乘篮舆,晷(gui)(gui)躬自扶侍(shi),所诣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,则于门(men)外树下籓(fan)屏(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间隐息(xi),初不(bu)令(ling)主人(ren)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。兄尝(chang)(chang)笃疾经年,晷(gui)(gui)躬自扶侍(shi),药石甘苦,必(bi)经心目(mu),跋涉(she)山(shan)水,祈求恳至。而闻人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善,欣(xin)若(ruo)有得;闻人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恶(e),惨若(ruo)有失。见(jian)人(ren)饥寒(han),并(bing)周赡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乡(xiang)里赠遗(yi),一(yi)无所受。亲故(gu)有穷老者数人(ren),恆往来告索,人(ren)多厌(yan)慢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而晷(gui)(gui)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。欣(xin)敬(jing)逾甚,寒(han)则与同(tong)(tong)衾,食则与同(tong)(tong)器,或解衣推(tui)被以恤(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时年饥谷贵,人(ren)有生(sheng)刈其稻(dao)者,晷(gui)(gui)见(jian)而避之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),须(xu)去(qu)而出,既(ji)而自刈送(song)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乡(xiang)邻(lin)感愧,莫敢侵犯。
会稽虞喜(xi)隐居海嵎,有(you)高世之(zhi)风。晷(gui)(gui)钦其德,聘喜(xi)弟预女(nv)为(wei)妻。喜(xi)戒女(nv)弃华尚素,与(yu)晷(gui)(gui)同(tong)志。时人号为(wei)梁鸿(hong)夫妇。济阳江(jiang)淳少(shao)有(you)高操,闻晷(gui)(gui)学行(xing)过人,自东阳往候(hou)之(zhi),始面,便(bian)终日谭宴(yan),结欢而别。
司空(kong)何充为扬州,檄晷(gui)为主簿,司徒蔡谟辟为掾属,并不就(jiu)。尚书(shu)经国明,州土之(zhi)(zhi)望(wang),表荐(jian)晷(gui),公车径(jing)征(zheng)。会卒(zu),时年三十八,朝野嗟(jie)痛之(zhi)(zhi)。晷(gui)未及(ji)大敛,有一老父(fu)缊袍草屦(ju),不通(tong)姓名,径(jing)入抚(fu)柩(jiu)而哭,哀声慷(kang)慨,感于左右。哭止便出,容貌甚清,眼(yan)瞳又方,门者告之(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)主,怪而追焉。直去不顾。同郡顾和等百余人(ren)叹其神貌有异(yi),而莫之(zhi)(zhi)测也。
颜(yan)含(han),字弘都,琅邪莘人(ren)也。祖钦,给(ji)事(shi)(shi)中。父(fu)默,汝阴太守(shou)。含(han)少有(you)操行,以(yi)孝闻(wen)。兄畿(ji)(ji)(ji),咸宁(ning)中得疾,就医自疗,遂死(si)于医家(jia)。家(jia)人(ren)迎(ying)丧,旐(zhao)每(mei)绕树(shu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可解(jie),引(yin)丧者颠(dian)仆(pu),称畿(ji)(ji)(ji)言曰(yue)(yue):“我(wo)寿命未(wei)(wei)死(si),但服(fu)药(yao)太多,伤(shang)我(wo)五(wu)藏耳。今(jin)当复(fu)活,慎无葬(zang)也。”其(qi)父(fu)祝之曰(yue)(yue):“若(ruo)尔有(you)命复(fu)生,岂(qi)非骨肉(rou)所(suo)(suo)愿!今(jin)但欲(yu)还(hai)家(jia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)尔葬(zang)也。”旐(zhao)乃解(jie)。及还(hai),其(qi)妇(fu)梦(meng)之曰(yue)(yue):“吾当复(fu)生,可急开(kai)棺。”妇(fu)颇说(shuo)之。其(qi)夕(xi),母及家(jia)人(ren)又梦(meng)之,即(ji)欲(yu)开(kai)棺,而(er)(er)父(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)听。含(han)时尚少,乃慨然(ran)曰(yue)(yue):“非常之事(shi)(shi),古则有(you)之,今(jin)灵异至此,开(kai)棺之痛,孰与不(bu)(bu)(bu)开(kai)相负(fu)?”父(fu)母从之,乃共发棺果有(you)生验,以(yi)手(shou)刮棺,指爪尽伤(shang),然(ran)气(qi)息(xi)甚微,存亡(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)分矣(yi)。饮哺(bu)将护,累月犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)能语,饮食所(suo)(suo)须,托(tuo)之以(yi)梦(meng)。阖家(jia)营(ying)视(shi),顿废生业,虽在母妻,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能无倦矣(yi)。含(han)乃绝(jue)弃(qi)人(ren)事(shi)(shi),躬(gong)亲侍养(yang),足不(bu)(bu)(bu)出户者十有(you)三年。石崇重含(han)淳(chun)行,赠以(yi)甘旨,含(han)谢而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受。或(huo)问其(qi)故(gu),答曰(yue)(yue):“病者绵昧,生理未(wei)(wei)全,既不(bu)(bu)(bu)能进(jin)敢,又未(wei)(wei)识人(ren)惠(hui),若(ruo)当谬留,岂(qi)施(shi)者之意也!”畿(ji)(ji)(ji)竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)起。
含(han)二亲既终,两兄继没,次嫂樊氏(shi)因疾失明,含(han)课励家人,尽心奉养,每(mei)日自尝(chang)省药馔,察问息耗,必簪屦束带。医(yi)人疏方,应须(xu)髯蛇胆(dan),而寻(xun)求备至(zhi),无由得之,含(han)忧叹累时(shi)。尝(chang)昼(zhou)独坐(zuo),忽有一青(qing)(qing)衣童子(zi)年可十三(san)四,持一青(qing)(qing)囊授含(han),含(han)开视,乃蛇胆(dan)也。童子(zi)逡巡(xun)出户,化成青(qing)(qing)鸟飞去(qu)。得胆(dan),药成,嫂病即(ji)愈(yu)。由是著名。
本州辟,不就(jiu)。东(dong)海(hai)王(wang)赵以为(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)傅参(can)(can)军,出补闿阳(yang)令(ling)。元帝(di)初(chu)镇下邳(pi),复命为(wei)(wei)参(can)(can)军。过(guo)江,以含为(wei)(wei)上虞令(ling)。转王(wang)国郎(lang)(lang)中(zhong)、丞(cheng)相(xiang)东(dong)阁(ge)祭酒,出为(wei)(wei)东(dong)阳(yang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守(shou)。东(dong)宫初(chu)建,含以儒素笃行补太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)中(zhong)庶子(zi),迁(qian)黄门侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang)、本州大(da)中(zhong)正,历(li)散(san)骑(qi)常侍(shi)、大(da)司农。豫讨(tao)苏峻功,封西平(ping)县(xian)侯,拜侍(shi)中(zhong),除(chu)吴(wu)郡太(tai)(tai)(tai)守(shou)。王(wang)导问含曰(yue)(yue):“卿今莅名郡,政将何先?”答(da)曰(yue)(yue):“王(wang)师岁(sui)动,编户(hu)虚(xu)耗,南北(bei)权豪竞招(zhao)游食(shi),国弊家丰,执事之忧(you)。且当征(zheng)之势门,使反田(tian)桑,数年(nian)之间,欲令(ling)户(hu)给人足,如其礼乐,俟之明(ming)宰。”含所历(li)简而有(you)恩,明(ming)而能(neng)断,然以威御(yu)下。导叹曰(yue)(yue):“颜公在事,吴(wu)人敛手矣。”未之官,复为(wei)(wei)侍(shi)中(zhong)。寻除(chu)国子(zi)祭酒,加散(san)骑(qi)常侍(shi),迁(qian)光禄勋,以年(nian)老逊位。成帝(di)美其素行,就(jiu)加右光禄大(da)夫,门施(shi)行马,赐床帐被(bei)褥,敕太(tai)(tai)(tai)官四时致膳(shan),固(gu)辞不受。
于时论(lun)者(zhe)以王导帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师傅(fu),名位隆重(zhong),百僚宜为降礼。太常冯怀以问于含(han)(han)(han),含(han)(han)(han)曰:“王公虽(sui)重(zhong),理无偏敬,降礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,或是诸君(jun)事宜。鄙(bi)人老矣,不(bu)(bu)(bu)识时务(wu)。”既而(er)告人曰:“吾闻伐(fa)国不(bu)(bu)(bu)问仁人。向冯祖(zu)思问佞于我,我有(you)邪德乎?”人尝论(lun)少正(zheng)卯、盗跖其(qi)恶(e)孰(shu)深。或曰:“正(zheng)卯虽(sui)奸,不(bu)(bu)(bu)至剖人弃膳,盗跖为甚(shen)(shen)。”含(han)(han)(han)曰:“为恶(e)彰(zhang)露,人思加戮(lu);隐伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奸,非圣(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)诛。由此(ci)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),少正(zheng)为甚(shen)(shen)。”众咸服焉。郭璞尝遇含(han)(han)(han),欲为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筮。含(han)(han)(han)曰:“年在天(tian),位在人,修(xiu)己而(er)天(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)者(zhe),命也(ye);守道而(er)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)知者(zhe),性也(ye)。自(zi)有(you)性命,无劳蓍龟。”桓温(wen)求婚于含(han)(han)(han),含(han)(han)(han)以其(qi)盛满,不(bu)(bu)(bu)许。惟与(yu)邓(deng)攸深交。或问江左(zuo)群士优劣(lie),答曰:“周伯仁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng),邓(deng)伯道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing),卞望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节,余(yu)则(ze)吾不(bu)(bu)(bu)知也(ye)。”其(qi)雅(ya)重(zhong)行实,抑绝浮(fu)伪如此(ci)。
致仕二十余年(nian),年(nian)九十三(san)卒。遗命素(su)棺(guan)(guan)薄敛。谥曰靖。丧(sang)在殡而(er)邻家失火,移棺(guan)(guan)绋断,火将至(zhi)而(er)灭,佥以为(wei)淳诚所(suo)感也。
三子:髦、谦(qian)、约。髦历黄(huang)门郎、侍中、光禄勋,谦(qian)至安(an)成太守,约零(ling)陵(ling)太守,并有(you)声誉。
刘殷(yin),字长盛,新兴人也。高祖陵,汉光禄大夫(fu)。殷(yin)七(qi)(qi)岁丧父,哀毁过礼(li),服(fu)丧三年,未曾见齿。曾祖母王氏,盛冬思堇而不(bu)言(yan),食(shi)不(bu)饱者一旬矣。殷(yin)怪而问之(zhi),王言(yan)其(qi)故。殷(yin)时年九岁,乃(nai)于(yu)泽中恸哭,曰:“殷(yin)罪(zui)衅深重,幼(you)丁艰(jian)罚,王母在堂,无(wu)旬月之(zhi)养。殷(yin)为人子(zi)(zi),而所(suo)思无(wu)获,皇天(tian)后土,愿垂哀愍。”声不(bu)绝者半日,于(yu)是忽若有人云:“止(zhi),止(zhi)声。”殷(yin)收泪视地,便有堇生焉,因得斛余而归,食(shi)而不(bu)减,至(zhi)时,堇生乃(nai)尽。又尝夜梦人谓(wei)之(zhi)曰:“西篱(li)下有粟。”寤(wu)而掘(jue)之(zhi),得粟十五钟(zhong),铭曰“七(qi)(qi)年粟百石(shi),以赐孝子(zi)(zi)刘殷(yin)。”自是食(shi)之(zhi),七(qi)(qi)载(zai)方尽。时人嘉其(qi)至(zhi)性通(tong)感(gan),竞(jing)以谷帛(bo)遗(yi)之(zhi)。殷(yin)受而不(bu)谢,直云待后贵当(dang)相(xiang)酬耳(er)。
弱冠,博通经史(shi),综核群言,文章诗赋靡不(bu)(bu)该览(lan),性(xing)倜傥,有济(ji)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),俭而(er)不(bu)(bu)陋(lou),清(qing)而(er)不(bu)(bu)介,望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)颓然(ran)而(er)不(bu)(bu)可侵也(ye)(ye)(ye)。乡党(dang)亲族(zu)(zu)莫不(bu)(bu)称之(zhi)(zhi)。郡命主(zhu)簿,州辟从事,皆以(yi)(yi)供(gong)养(yang)(yang)无(wu)主(zhu),辞(ci)不(bu)(bu)赴命。司空、齐(qi)王攸(you)辟为掾,征南将军(jun)羊祜召参军(jun)事,皆以(yi)(yi)疾辞(ci)。同(tong)郡张(zhang)宣子,识达之(zhi)(zhi)士也(ye)(ye)(ye),劝殷(yin)就征。殷(yin)曰(yue)(yue):“当今(jin)二公,有晋之(zhi)(zhi)栋楹也(ye)(ye)(ye)。吾(wu)方希(xi)达如(ru)榱椽耳(er),不(bu)(bu)凭之(zhi)(zhi),岂能立乎!吾(wu)今(jin)王母在(zai)堂(tang),既应他命,无(wu)容不(bu)(bu)竭尽臣礼,使不(bu)(bu)得(de)就养(yang)(yang)。子舆所(suo)以(yi)(yi)辞(ci)齐(qi)大夫(fu),良以(yi)(yi)色养(yang)(yang)无(wu)主(zhu)故耳(er)。”宣子曰(yue)(yue):“如(ru)子所(suo)言,岂庸(yong)人所(suo)识哉!而(er)今(jin)而(er)后,吾(wu)子当为吾(wu)师矣(yi)。”遂以(yi)(yi)女(nv)妻之(zhi)(zhi)。宣子者,并州豪族(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),家富(fu)于(yu)财,其妻怒曰(yue)(yue):“我女(nv)年(nian)始十四。姿(zi)识如(ru)此,何虑不(bu)(bu)得(de)为公侯妃,而(er)遽以(yi)(yi)妻刘殷(yin)乎!”宣子曰(yue)(yue):“非尔所(suo)及也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”诫其女(nv)曰(yue)(yue):“刘殷(yin)至孝冥感(gan),兼才(cai)识超世(shi),此人终当远达,为世(shi)名(ming)公,汝其谨事之(zhi)(zhi)。”张(zhang)氏(shi)性(xing)亦婉顺(shun),事王母以(yi)(yi)孝闻,奉殷(yin)如(ru)君父(fu)焉。及王氏(shi)卒,殷(yin)夫(fu)妇毁瘠,几至灭性(xing),时柩在(zai)殡而(er)西邻失火,风(feng)势甚盛,殷(yin)夫(fu)妇叩殡号哭,火遂越(yue)烧东家。后有二白鸠巢其庭树,自是名(ming)誉弥显。
太傅(fu)杨骏(jun)辅(fu)政(zheng)(zheng),备礼聘殷,殷以(yi)母老固辞。骏(jun)于是(shi)表之(zhi)(zhi),优诏(zhao)遂其(qi)(qi)高(gao)志,听(ting)终色养,敕所在(zai)供其(qi)(qi)衣食,蠲其(qi)(qi)徭赋,赐帛(bo)二百匹,谷(gu)五百斛。赵王(wang)伦(lun)纂(zuan)位,孙秀重殷名,以(yi)散骑(qi)常侍征之(zhi)(zhi),殷逃奔雁门(men)。及(ji)齐王(wang)冏辅(fu)政(zheng)(zheng),辟为(wei)大(da)司马军谘祭酒。既至(zhi),谓(wei)殷曰;“先(xian)王(wang)虚心召君(jun),君(jun)不(bu)至(zhi)。今(jin)孤(gu)辟君(jun),君(jun)何能(neng)屈(qu)也(ye)?”殷曰:“世祖以(yi)大(da)圣(sheng)应期,先(xian)王(wang)以(yi)至(zhi)德辅(fu)世,既尧舜为(wei)君(jun),稷契(qi)为(wei)佐,故殷希以(yi)一夫而距千(qian)乘,为(wei)不(bu)可(ke)回(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)图,幸邀唐虞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)世,是(shi)以(yi)不(bu)惧斧(fu)钺之(zhi)(zhi)戮耳(er)。今(jin)殿下以(yi)神武睿(rui)姿,除残反政(zheng)(zheng),然圣(sheng)迹稍粗(cu),严威滋肃,殷若复尔,恐招华士之(zhi)(zhi)诛,故不(bu)敢不(bu)至(zhi)也(ye)。”冏奇之(zhi)(zhi),转拜新兴太守,明刑旌善,甚有政(zheng)(zheng)能(neng)。
属永嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱,没(mei)于(yu)刘聪(cong)。聪(cong)奇其才(cai)而擢任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),累至侍(shi)中、太保(bao)、录(lu)尚书事(shi)。殷恆(heng)戒子孙(sun)曰:“事(shi)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,当务(wu)几谏,凡人(ren)尚不(bu)可面(mian)斥(chi)其过,而况万乘乎(hu)!夫犯颜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸,将(jiang)彰君(jun)过,宜上(shang)思召(zhao)公咨商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,下念(nian)鲍勋触鳞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛也。”在聪(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝,与公卿(qing)恂(xun)恂(xun)然(ran),常有后(hou)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色。士不(bu)修(xiu)操(cao)行者,无得入其门,然(ran)滞理不(bu)申,藉殷而济者,亦已百数。
有七子(zi)(zi)(zi),五(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)各授一(yi)经。一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)授《太史公》,一(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)授《汉书(shu)》,一(yi)门之内(nei),七业俱兴,北州之学,殷门为盛。竟以寿终。
王延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),字延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)元(yuan)。西河人也。九岁丧母(mu)(mu),泣血三年,几(ji)至(zhi)灭(mie)性。每至(zhi)忌日,则悲啼(ti)至(zhi)旬。继母(mu)(mu)卜(bu)氏(shi)遇之无(wu)道,恆以薄(bo)穰及败麻头与(yu)延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)贮衣。其姑(gu)闻而(er)问之,延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)知而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言,事(shi)母(mu)(mu)弥谨。卜(bu)氏(shi)尝盛冬思生(sheng)鱼,敕延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)求而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)获,杖之流血。延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)寻汾叩凌而(er)哭,忽有一鱼长五(wu)尺,踊(yong)出水上,延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)取以进(jin)母(mu)(mu)。卜(bu)氏(shi)食之,积(ji)日不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尽,于(yu)(yu)是心悟,抚延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)如己生(sheng)。延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)事(shi)亲色养,夏则扇枕(zhen)席,冬则以身温(wen)被,隆立盛寒,体无(wu)全衣,而(er)亲极(ji)滋味(wei)。昼则佣赁,夜则诵书,遂(sui)究览经史(shi),皆通大(da)(da)义。州(zhou)郡(jun)礼辟,贪供养不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)。父母(mu)(mu)终(zhong)后,庐(lu)于(yu)(yu)墓(mu)侧(ce),非其蚕(can)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)衣,非其耕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食。属天下丧乱,随(sui)刘(liu)元(yuan)海迁(qian)于(yu)(yu)平(ping)阳(yang),农蚕(can)之暇(xia),训诱宗族(zu),侃侃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)倦(juan)。家牛一生(sheng)犊,他人认之,延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)牵而(er)授与(yu),初无(wu)吝(lin)色。其人后自知妄(wang)认,送(song)犊还延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),叩头谢(xie)罪,延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)仍以与(yu)之,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)取也。年六(liu)十,方(fang)仕于(yu)(yu)刘(liu)聪(cong),稍迁(qian)尚(shang)书左(zuo)丞,至(zhi)金紫(zi)光禄(lu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)。聪(cong)死后,靳(jin)准(zhun)将作乱,谋(mou)之于(yu)(yu)延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从。准(zhun)既诛刘(liu)氏(shi),自号汉(han)天王,以延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为左(zuo)光禄(lu)大(da)(da)夫(fu),延(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又大(da)(da)骂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受(shou),准(zhun)遂(sui)杀之。
王谈(tan)(tan),吴兴乌(wu)程人(ren)也。年十岁,父为(wei)邻人(ren)窦(dou)度所(suo)杀(sha)。谈(tan)(tan)阴有复仇(chou)志,而(er)惧(ju)为(wei)度所(suo)疑,寸刃不畜,日夜伺度,未得。至年十八(ba),乃密市利锸,阳(yang)若(ruo)耕锄者。度常(chang)乘船出(chu)入(ru),经一桥下,谈(tan)(tan)伺度行还,伏草(cao)中,度既(ji)过,谈(tan)(tan)于桥上以锸斩之,应手而(er)死。既(ji)而(er)归(gui)罪有司,太(tai)守孔(kong)岩(yan)义其(qi)孝(xiao)勇,列(lie)上宥(you)之。岩(yan)诸子(zi)(zi)为(wei)孙恩所(suo)害,无嗣,谈(tan)(tan)乃移居(ju)会稽,修理岩(yan)父子(zi)(zi)坟墓,尽其(qi)心力(li)。后太(tai)守孔(kong)廞究其(qi)义行,元(yuan)兴三年,举谈(tan)(tan)为(wei)孝(xiao)廉(lian),时称其(qi)得人(ren)。谈(tan)(tan)不应召,终于家(jia)。
桑虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),字子深,魏郡黎(li)阳人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。父冲(chong),有深识远量,惠(hui)帝(di)时为(wei)黄门郎(lang)。河间(jian)王颙(yong)执权,引(yin)为(wei)司马。冲(chong)知(zhi)颙(yong)必败,就(jiu)职一旬,便称(cheng)疾求退(tui)。虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仁孝自(zi)天至(zhi)(zhi),年十(shi)四丧父,毁瘠(ji)过(guo)礼(li),日以米百粒用糁藜藿,其姊谕之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“汝毁瘠(ji)如此,必至(zhi)(zhi)灭性(xing),灭性(xing)不孝,宜自(zi)抑割。”虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue):“藜藿杂米,足(zu)以胜(sheng)哀(ai)。”虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有园(yuan)在(zai)宅北数(shu)里,瓜(gua)(gua)果初熟,有人(ren)(ren)逾垣盗之(zhi)(zhi)。虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以园(yuan)援多棘刺(ci),恐(kong)偷见人(ren)(ren)惊走而致伤损(sun),乃使奴为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)开道。及(ji)偷负瓜(gua)(gua)将出(chu),见道通(tong)利,知(zhi)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)使除之(zhi)(zhi),乃送所盗瓜(gua)(gua),叩头请罪(zui)。虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)乃欢然,尽以瓜(gua)(gua)与之(zhi)(zhi)。尝行,寄(ji)宿逆旅,同(tong)宿客失(shi)脯(fu),疑虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)盗。虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)默然无言(yan),便解(jie)衣偿之(zhi)(zhi)。主人(ren)(ren)曰(yue):“此舍数(shu)失(shi)鱼肉鸡鸭(ya),多是狐(hu)狸(li)偷去,君何以疑人(ren)(ren)?”乃将脯(fu)主至(zhi)(zhi)山冢间(jian)寻求,果得之(zhi)(zhi)。客求还衣,虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)投之(zhi)(zhi)不顾。
虞(yu)(yu)诸兄仕于石勒(le)之世,咸(xian)登显位,惟虞(yu)(yu)耻臣非类,阴欲避地海(hai)东(dong),会丁母忧(you),遂止。哀毁骨立,庐于墓侧。五(wu)年后,石勒(le)以(yi)(yi)为武城令(ling)。虞(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)密迩黄河(he),去海(hai)微近,将申前志(zhi),欣然就职。石季(ji)龙(long)太守刘(liu)徵甚器重之,徵迁(qian)青州刺(ci)史(shi),请(qing)虞(yu)(yu)长史(shi),带祝阿郡。徵遇疾还鄴(ye),令(ling)虞(yu)(yu)监行州府属。季(ji)龙(long)死,国中大乱,朝廷以(yi)(yi)虞(yu)(yu)名父之子(zi),必(bi)能立功海(hai)岱,潜遣东(dong)莞人(ren)华挺授虞(yu)(yu)宁朔将军、青州刺(ci)史(shi)。虞(yu)(yu)曰:“功名非吾志(zhi)也。”乃附使者启,让刺(ci)史(shi),靖居海(hai)右,不交境外。虽(sui)历(li)伪(wei)朝,而不豫乱,世以(yi)(yi)此高(gao)之。卒(zu)于官。
何(he)琦(qi)(qi),字万伦(lun),司空充之从兄也。祖父(fu)龛,后将(jiang)军。父(fu)阜,淮(huai)南内史。琦(qi)(qi)年(nian)十(shi)四(si)丧父(fu),哀毁过礼。性沈(shen)敏有识度,好古博学,居(ju)于(yu)宣城阳谷(gu)县(xian),事(shi)(shi)母(mu)孜(zi),朝夕色养。常(chang)患甘鲜不(bu)(bu)赡,乃(nai)(nai)为(wei)郡主(zhu)簿,察孝廉(lian),除郎中(zhong),以(yi)(yi)选补宣城泾(jing)县(xian)令。司徒王导引为(wei)参(can)军,不(bu)(bu)就(jiu)。及丁(ding)母(mu)忧(you),居(ju)丧泣(qi)血(xue),杖而后起,停(ting)柩(jiu)在殡,为(wei)邻火所逼,烟焰已交(jiao)(jiao),家乏僮使,计无(wu)从出,乃(nai)(nai)匍匐抚棺号哭。俄而风(feng)止火息,堂屋(wu)一(yi)(yi)间免烧,其精诚所感如此。服阕,乃(nai)(nai)慨然(ran)叹曰:“所以(yi)(yi)出身仕者(zhe),非谓有尺寸之能(neng)以(yi)(yi)效智力,实利微禄,私展供(gong)养。一(yi)(yi)旦茕(qiong)然(ran),无(wu)复恃(shi)怙,岂可复以(yi)(yi)朽钝之质尘(chen)默清(qing)朝哉(zai)!”于(yu)是(shi)养志(zhi)衡门,不(bu)(bu)交(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)事(shi)(shi),耽玩(wan)典籍,以(yi)(yi)琴书自娱。不(bu)(bu)营产(chan)业,节(jie)俭寡欲,丰约与(yu)乡(xiang)邻共之。乡(xiang)里遭乱(luan),姊(zi)没人(ren)家,琦(qi)(qi)惟有一(yi)(yi)婢,便为(wei)购赎。然(ran)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)小谦,凡(fan)有赠(zeng)遗,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)苟让,但于(yu)己有余,辄复随而散之。任心而行(xing),率意而动,不(bu)(bu)占卜,无(wu)所事(shi)(shi)。司空陆玩(wan)、太尉桓温并辟(pi)命,皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)就(jiu)。诏(zhao)征博士,又不(bu)(bu)起。简(jian)文帝(di)时为(wei)抚军,钦其名行(xing),召为(wei)参(can)军,固(gu)辞以(yi)(yi)疾。公(gong)车(che)再征通直(zhi)散骑侍郎、散骑常(chang)侍,不(bu)(bu)行(xing)。由(you)是(shi)君子仰德(de),莫能(neng)屈也。桓温尝登琦(qi)(qi)县(xian)界山(shan),喟然(ran)叹曰:“此山(shan)南有人(ren)焉,何(he)公(gong)真止足(zu)者(zhe)也!”琦(qi)(qi)善养性,老而不(bu)(bu)衰,布褐蔬(shu)食,恆以(yi)(yi)述作为(wei)事(shi)(shi),著(zhu)《三国评论》,凡(fan)所撰(zhuan)录(lu)百许篇,皆(jie)行(xing)于(yu)世。年(nian)八十(shi)二卒(zu)。
吴(wu)逵,吴(wu)兴人(ren)也。经荒饥疾病(bing),合(he)门死者十有(you)三人(ren),逵时(shi)亦病(bing)笃,其丧皆邻(lin)里以苇席裹而埋(mai)之(zhi)(zhi)。逵夫妻既存(cun),家(jia)极贫窘(jiong),冬无衣(yi)被,昼(zhou)则佣赁,夜烧(shao)砖(zhuan)甓(pi),昼(zhou)夜在山,未尝(chang)休止,遇毒虫猛(meng)兽,辄为之(zhi)(zhi)下道。期年,成七(qi)墓(mu)、十三棺。时(shi)有(you)赙赠,一无所受。太守张(zhang)崇义(yi)之(zhi)(zhi),以羔雁之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)礼(li)焉。卒于(yu)家(jia)。
史臣曰:尊亲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,礼(li)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)训;孝(xiao)(xiao)友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,诗人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美谈,是(shi)知人(ren)伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben),罔兹(zi)攸尚。盛翁子立行(xing)淳至,素蓄(xu)异才,流(liu)恸致(zhi)其(qi)(qi)感(gan)通,含哺申(shen)其(qi)(qi)就养,戴昌赏其(qi)(qi)清韵,陆(lu)云嘉其(qi)(qi)茂德。王(wang)裒(pou)隐居不从其(qi)(qi)辟(pi),行(xing)己莫逾(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)礼(li),枯(ku)柏以(yi)应(ying)其(qi)(qi)诚,惊雷以(yi)危(wei)其(qi)(qi)虑(lv)。永(yong)言董蔡,异时(shi)均美。许(xu)孜少而敏(min)学,礼(li)备(bei)在三(san),驯雉栖其(qi)(qi)梁栋,猛兽扰其(qi)(qi)庭圃,居丧(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),实古今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所难(nan)焉。庾叔褒(bao)不匮(kui)表于执勤,则裕(yu)存乎敬业,幽(you)显(xian)不易其(qi)(qi)操,疫疠不骇其(qi)(qi)心,急病(bing)让夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)规,有古人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风烈矣。孙晷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪懈,王(wang)谈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)复仇,神人(ren)惜其(qi)(qi)亡,良(liang)守宥其(qi)(qi)罪(zui)。刘殷幼丁艰酷,柴毁逾(yu)(yu)制(zhi),发三(san)冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堇,赐七年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粟,至诚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)契,义形于兹(zi)。王(wang)延叩冰(bing)而召鳞,扇席而清暑,虽黄(huang)香、孟宗,抑为伦辈。其(qi)(qi)余群(qun)子,并孝(xiao)(xiao)养可(ke)崇(chong),清风素范,高山(shan)景(jing)行(xing),会其(qi)(qi)宗流(liu),同斯志也。
赞(zan)曰:德(de)之(zhi)所届,有感(gan)和(he)征。孝(xiao)哉(zai)王许,永(yong)慕(mu)烝烝。挥泗凋(diao)柏,对榥巢鹰。密、彦、夏(xia)、庾,夙标至性(xing)。文度、弘都,勤修懿行。敦彼孝(xiao)友,载光谣咏(yong)。鸠(jiu)驯(xun)长盛,鱼荐(jian)延元。谈桑(sang)义阐,琦吴道存。专洞(dong)之(zhi)德(de),咸摛(chi)左言。
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