志第十七(qi)下(xia) 历三下(xia)
其八《日躔盈缩略例》曰:
北齐(qi)张子(zi)信积候合蚀(shi)加(jia)时,觉日(ri)(ri)行(xing)有入气差(cha),然损(sun)益(yi)(yi)(yi)未得其(qi)正。至(zhi)(zhi)刘焯(zhuo),立(li)盈缩(suo)躔衰术,与四(si)象升(sheng)降(jiang)。《麟(lin)德历》因之(zhi),更名躔差(cha)。凡阴(yin)阳往来,皆驯积而(er)(er)(er)(er)变。日(ri)(ri)南至(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)行(xing)最(zui)(zui)急(ji),急(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)渐(jian)损(sun),至(zhi)(zhi)春(chun)分及(ji)(ji)中而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)迟。迨日(ri)(ri)北至(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)行(xing)最(zui)(zui)舒(shu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)渐(jian)益(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi),以(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)秋分又及(ji)(ji)中而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)急(ji)。急(ji)极而(er)(er)(er)(er)寒若,舒(shu)极而(er)(er)(er)(er)燠(yu)若,及(ji)(ji)中而(er)(er)(er)(er)雨晹之(zhi)气交(jiao),自然之(zhi)数也(ye)。焯(zhuo)术于春(chun)分前一日(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)急(ji),后(hou)一日(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)舒(shu);秋分前一日(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)舒(shu),后(hou)一日(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)急(ji)。舒(shu)急(ji)同于二至(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)中间(jian)一日(ri)(ri)平(ping)行(xing)。其(qi)说非是。当以(yi)二十四(si)气晷景,考日(ri)(ri)躔盈缩(suo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)密于加(jia)时。
其九《九道议》曰:
《洪范传》云(yun):“日有中道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),月有九(jiu)行(xing)。”中道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),谓黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)。九(jiu)行(xing)者,青道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二,出黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)东(dong);硃道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二,出黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)南(nan);白道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二,出黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西;黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二,出黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)(bei)。立(li)春、春分,月东(dong)从(cong)(cong)青道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);立(li)夏(xia)、夏(xia)至,月南(nan)从(cong)(cong)硃道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);立(li)秋、秋分,月西从(cong)(cong)白道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);立(li)冬、冬至,月北(bei)(bei)从(cong)(cong)黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。汉史官(guan)旧事,九(jiu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)术(shu)废久,刘洪颇采以著迟疾阴阳历,然本以消息(xi)为奇(qi),而术(shu)不(bu)传。
推(tui)阴阳(yang)(yang)历(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)月行(xing)青(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)同,而(er)出入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)异(yi)。故(gu)青(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)春(chun)(chun)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),及其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong)(chong),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)东(dong);白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秋(qiu)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),及其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong)(chong),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)西。若阴阳(yang)(yang)历(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)立(li)(li)(li)春(chun)(chun)、立(li)(li)(li)秋(qiu),则(ze)(ze)月循(xun)(xun)硃(zhu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)同,而(er)出入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)异(yi)。故(gu)硃(zhu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)(li)夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),及其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong)(chong),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西南;黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)(li)冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),及其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong)(chong),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)东(dong)北。若阴阳(yang)(yang)历(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)(chun)分(fen)、秋(qiu)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),则(ze)(ze)月行(xing)硃(zhu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)同,而(er)出入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)异(yi)。故(gu)硃(zhu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),及其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong)(chong),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)南;黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),及其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong)(chong),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)北,若阴阳(yang)(yang)历(li)(li)交(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)立(li)(li)(li)夏(xia)、立(li)(li)(li)冬(dong),则(ze)(ze)月循(xun)(xun)青(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)同,而(er)出入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)异(yi)。故(gu)青(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)(li)春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),及其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong)(chong),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)东(dong)南;白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)(li)秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)(su),及其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong)(chong),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西北。其大纪皆(jie)兼二道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),而(er)实分(fen)主八节,合于四正(zheng)(zheng)四维。
按阴(yin)阳历中终(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所交,则(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)行(xing)(xing)正(zheng)当黄(huang)道(dao),去交七日,其(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)九(jiu)十一度,齐于一象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)率,而得八(ba)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。八(ba)行(xing)(xing)与中道(dao)而九(jiu),是谓九(jiu)道(dao)。凡八(ba)行(xing)(xing)正(zheng)于春(chun)秋,其(qi)(qi)去黄(huang)道(dao)六度,则(ze)(ze)(ze)交在(zai)冬夏(xia);正(zheng)于冬夏(xia),其(qi)(qi)去黄(huang)道(dao)六度,则(ze)(ze)(ze)交在(zai)春(chun)秋。《易》九(jiu)六、七八(ba),迭为(wei)终(zhong)始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)。乾坤定位,则(ze)(ze)(ze)八(ba)行(xing)(xing)各当其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)。及其(qi)(qi)寒(han)暑相推,晦朔相易,则(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)南者变而居北,在(zai)东(dong)者徙而为(wei)西,屈伸、消息之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)。
黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)差,始自(zi)春分、秋分,赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)所交前后各五(wu)度(du)(du)为限(xian)。初,黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)增多(duo)赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分之(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)二(er),每限(xian)损一(yi),极九(jiu)限(xian),数终(zhong)于四(si)(si)(si),率(lv)赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)度(du)(du)而黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)八度(du)(du),至(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)立之(zhi)(zhi)际,一(yi)度(du)(du)少强,依平。复从四(si)(si)(si)起,初限(xian)五(wu)度(du)(du),赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)增多(duo)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si),每限(xian)益一(yi),极九(jiu)限(xian)而止(zhi),终(zhong)于十(shi)(shi)二(er),率(lv)赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)度(du)(du)而黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)二(er)度(du)(du),复得冬、夏至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)中矣(yi)。
月(yue)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)差,始自交(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)(chu)、交(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong),黄(huang)道(dao)所交(jiao)(jiao)亦(yi)距交(jiao)(jiao)前后五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)为限。初(chu)(chu)限,月(yue)道(dao)增(zeng)多黄(huang)道(dao)四(si)十(shi)八(ba)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er),每(mei)限损(sun)一,极(ji)九限而止(zhi),数终于四(si),率(lv)黄(huang)道(dao)四(si)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)而月(yue)道(dao)四(si)十(shi)六度(du)(du)半,乃一度(du)(du)强,依平。复(fu)从四(si)起,初(chu)(chu)限五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du),月(yue)道(dao)差少黄(huang)道(dao)四(si)十(shi)八(ba)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)四(si),每(mei)限益一,极(ji)九限而止(zhi),终于十(shi)二(er),率(lv)黄(huang)道(dao)四(si)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)而月(yue)道(dao)四(si)十(shi)三度(du)(du)半,至阴阳历二(er)交(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)半矣。凡近交(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)(chu)限增(zeng)十(shi)二(er)分(fen)(fen)者,至半交(jiao)(jiao)末限减十(shi)二(er)分(fen)(fen),去交(jiao)(jiao)四(si)十(shi)六度(du)(du)得损(sun)益之(zhi)(zhi)平率(lv)。
夫日行与岁差偕迁,月(yue)(yue)(yue)行随交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)限(xian)(xian)而变,遁伏(fu)(fu)相(xiang)(xiang)消,朓朒(nv)相(xiang)(xiang)补(bu),则(ze)九(jiu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)可知(zhi)矣。其(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)所交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)与二(er)分(fen)同(tong)(tong)度(du),则(ze)赤道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)近交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初限(xian)(xian),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增(zeng)(zeng)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er),月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增(zeng)(zeng)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)。至半交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo),其(qi)减(jian)(jian)(jian)亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故于九(jiu)限(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差三度(du),月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差一度(du)半,盖(gai)损益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)齐也。若(ruo)所交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)与四(si)(si)(si)立同(tong)(tong)度(du),则(ze)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)在损益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)。月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至损益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)。于九(jiu)限(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差三度(du),月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三,皆朓朒(nv)相(xiang)(xiang)补(bu)也。若(ruo)所交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)与二(er)至同(tong)(tong)度(du),则(ze)青(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)近交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初限(xian)(xian),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)减(jian)(jian)(jian)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er),月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增(zeng)(zeng)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)。至半交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增(zeng)(zeng)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er),月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)减(jian)(jian)(jian)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)。于九(jiu)限(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)与月(yue)(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差同(tong)(tong),盖(gai)遁伏(fu)(fu)相(xiang)(xiang)消也。
日出(chu)入赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)二(er)(er)十四(si)度(du),月(yue)出(chu)入黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)六度(du),相距则四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),故于九道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)变,以四(si)立为中交。在(zai)二(er)(er)分(fen),增四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),而与黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)度(du)相半。在(zai)二(er)(er)至,减四(si)分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),而与黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)度(du)正均。故推极其(qi)数(shu),引而伸之(zhi),每气移一(yi)(yi)候(hou)。月(yue)道(dao)(dao)所差,增损九分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),七(qi)十二(er)(er)候(hou)而九道(dao)(dao)究矣(yi)。
凡月(yue)交(jiao)一(yi)(yi)终,退前所交(jiao)一(yi)(yi)度及(ji)(ji)余(yu)八万(wan)九千七百(bai)七十(shi)三(san)分度之四万(wan)二(er)千五百(bai)三(san)少半,积(ji)二(er)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)及(ji)(ji)分七千七百(bai)五十(shi)三(san),而交(jiao)道周天(tian)矣。因(yin)而半之,将九年(nian)而九道终。
以四象考之(zhi),各据合(he)朔(shuo)所(suo)交(jiao),入(ru)七十二候。则(ze)其八道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)行(xing)也。以朔(shuo)交(jiao)为交(jiao)初,望交(jiao)为交(jiao)中。若(ruo)交(jiao)初在冬至(zhi)(zhi)初候而入(ru)阴(yin)历(li)(li),则(ze)行(xing)青道(dao)(dao)。又十三日(ri)七十六分日(ri)之(zhi)四十六,至(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)中得所(suo)冲之(zhi)宿(su),变入(ru)阳历(li)(li),亦行(xing)青道(dao)(dao)。若(ruo)交(jiao)初入(ru)阳历(li)(li),则(ze)白道(dao)(dao)也。故考交(jiao)初所(suo)入(ru),而周天之(zhi)度(du)可知。若(ruo)望交(jiao)在冬至(zhi)(zhi)初候,则(ze)减十三日(ri)四十六分,视大雪初候阴(yin)阳历(li)(li)而正其行(xing)也。
其十(shi)《晷(gui)漏(lou)中星略(lve)例》曰:
日行有(you)南北,晷(gui)漏有(you)长(zhang)短。然(ran)二十四气晷(gui)差(cha)徐疾(ji)不同者,句(ju)股使然(ran)也。直规(gui)中(zhong)则(ze)差(cha)迟,与(yu)句(ju)股数齐则(ze)差(cha)急。随辰极高下,所遇不同,如黄道(dao)刻漏。此乃数之浅者,近代(dai)且犹未晓。今推黄道(dao)去极,与(yu)晷(gui)景、漏刻、昏距,中(zhong)星四术返履相求,消息同率,旋(xuan)相为中(zhong),以合(he)九(jiu)服之变(bian)。
其十(shi)一(yi)《日蚀(shi)议》曰:
《小雅》“十月(yue)(yue)之交,朔(shuo)日(ri)辛卯”。虞广刂以(yi)历(li)推之,在幽王(wang)六(liu)年。《开元历(li)》定交分四(si)万三千四(si)百二十九,入蚀(shi)限,加时在昼。交会而(er)(er)蚀(shi),数(shu)之常也(ye)。《诗(shi)》云(yun):“彼月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)食,则维(wei)其常。此日(ri)而(er)(er)食,云(yun)何(he)不(bu)臧。”日(ri),君道也(ye),无朏魄之变;月(yue)(yue),臣(chen)道也(ye),远(yuan)日(ri)益(yi)明(ming),近日(ri)益(yi)亏。望与(yu)日(ri)轨相会,则徙而(er)(er)浸远(yuan),远(yuan)极又(you)徙而(er)(er)近交,所以(yi)著臣(chen)人(ren)之象(xiang)也(ye)。望而(er)(er)正于(yu)(yu)黄道,是(shi)谓(wei)臣(chen)干君明(ming),则阳斯蚀(shi)之矣(yi)。朔(shuo)而(er)(er)正于(yu)(yu)黄道,是(shi)谓(wei)臣(chen)壅君明(ming),则阳为之蚀(shi)矣(yi)。且十月(yue)(yue)之交,于(yu)(yu)历(li)当(dang)蚀(shi),君子(zi)犹(you)以(yi)为变,诗(shi)人(ren)悼之。然则古之太平,日(ri)不(bu)蚀(shi),星不(bu)孛,盖有之矣(yi)。
若过(guo)至未分,月或(huo)(huo)变行而(er)避之(zhi);或(huo)(huo)五(wu)星潜(qian)在日下(xia),御侮而(er)救之(zhi);或(huo)(huo)涉交(jiao)(jiao)数浅(qian),或(huo)(huo)在阳历,阳盛(sheng)阴(yin)微则不蚀(shi);或(huo)(huo)德之(zhi)休(xiu)明(ming),而(er)有小眚(sheng)焉,则天为之(zhi)隐,虽交(jiao)(jiao)而(er)不蚀(shi)。此四者,皆德教之(zhi)所由(you)生也(ye)。
四序之(zhi)中,分同(tong)道,至相过,交而(er)有(you)蚀,则(ze)天道之(zhi)常。如刘歆、贾逵,皆近古(gu)大儒,岂不(bu)知(zhi)轨道所(suo)交,朔望同(tong)术哉?以日(ri)蚀非常,故阙而(er)不(bu)论。
黄初已来,治历者始(shi)课日蚀疏(shu)密(mi),及张子信而益详。刘焯(zhuo)、张胄玄之徒自(zi)负其术,谓日月皆可以密(mi)率求,是专于(yu)历纪者也。
以(yi)《戊寅》、《麟德历》推《春秋》日(ri)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi),大最皆入蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)限。于历应蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)《春秋》不(bu)(bu)书者尚多,则日(ri)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)在交限,其(qi)入限者不(bu)(bu)必(bi)尽蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)。开元十二年(nian)七月戊午朔,于历当蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)半强,自(zi)交趾至于朔方(fang),候(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)。十三年(nian)十二月庚戌朔,于历当蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)太半,时东封泰山,还(hai)次梁、宋间,皇(huang)帝彻饍,不(bu)(bu)举乐,不(bu)(bu)盖,素(su)服(fu),日(ri)亦不(bu)(bu)蚀(shi)(shi)(shi)。时群臣与八(ba)荒君长之(zhi)(zhi)来助祭者。降物以(yi)需,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)胜数,皆奉寿(shou)称庆,肃然神服(fu)。虽算术乖舛,不(bu)(bu)宜如此(ci),然后知(zhi)德之(zhi)(zhi)动(dong)天,不(bu)(bu)俟终日(ri)矣。若因(yin)开元二蚀(shi)(shi)(shi),曲变交限而(er)从之(zhi)(zhi),则差者益(yi)多。
自开元(yuan)治历,史(shi)官每(mei)岁较(jiao)节气中晷(gui)(gui),因(yin)检(jian)加时小余(yu),虽(sui)大数有(you)(you)(you)常,然(ran)亦与时推移,每(mei)岁不(bu)等。晷(gui)(gui)变而(er)(er)(er)长,则(ze)(ze)日(ri)行(xing)(xing)黄道(dao)南(nan);晷(gui)(gui)变而(er)(er)(er)短,则(ze)(ze)日(ri)行(xing)(xing)黄道(dao)北。行(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)南(nan),则(ze)(ze)阴历之(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)或失;行(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)北,则(ze)(ze)阳历之(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)或失。日(ri)在黄道(dao)之(zhi)中,且犹有(you)(you)(you)变,况月(yue)行(xing)(xing)九道(dao)乎!杜预云:“日(ri)月(yue)动物,虽(sui)行(xing)(xing)度有(you)(you)(you)大量,不(bu)能不(bu)小有(you)(you)(you)盈缩。故有(you)(you)(you)虽(sui)交(jiao)(jiao)会而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)蚀者(zhe),或有(you)(you)(you)频交(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)蚀者(zhe)。”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
故(gu)较历(li)必稽古史,亏蚀(shi)深浅、加(jia)时(shi)朓(tiao)朒阴阳,其(qi)数(shu)相(xiang)叶(ye)者(zhe),反覆相(xiang)求(qiu),由历(li)数(shu)之(zhi)中(zhong),以合(he)辰象之(zhi)变(bian);观辰象之(zhi)变(bian),反求(qiu)历(li)数(shu)之(zhi)中(zhong)。类其(qi)所同(tong),而中(zhong)可知矣(yi);辨其(qi)所异,而变(bian)可知矣(yi)。其(qi)循度则合(he)于历(li),失行(xing)则合(he)于占。占道顺成,常(chang)执(zhi)中(zhong)以追变(bian);历(li)道逆(ni)数(shu),常(chang)执(zhi)中(zhong)以俟(si)变(bian)。知此之(zhi)说(shuo)者(zhe),天(tian)道如视(shi)诸掌。
《略例》曰:旧历考日蚀(shi)浅(qian)深(shen),皆(jie)自(zi)张子信所传,云积候所得(de),而(er)未晓(xiao)其(qi)然也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)圆仪(yi)度(du)日月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)径(jing)(jing),乃以(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)径(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)半减(jian)(jian)入交(jiao)初限一度(du)半,余为(wei)暗(an)虚半径(jing)(jing)。以(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)去黄道每度(du)差(cha)数(shu)(shu),令二(er)径(jing)(jing)相(xiang)掩(yan),以(yi)(yi)验蚀(shi)分(fen)(fen),以(yi)(yi)所入日迟疾乘径(jing)(jing),为(wei)泛所用(yong)刻数(shu)(shu),大(da)率去交(jiao)不及三度(du),即(ji)月(yue)(yue)行没在暗(an)虚,皆(jie)入既(ji)(ji)限。又半日月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)径(jing)(jing),减(jian)(jian)春分(fen)(fen)入交(jiao)初限相(xiang)去度(du)数(shu)(shu),余为(wei)斜射所差(cha)。乃考差(cha)数(shu)(shu),以(yi)(yi)立既(ji)(ji)限。而(er)优游进退于二(er)度(du)中间,亦(yi)令二(er)径(jing)(jing)相(xiang)掩(yan),以(yi)(yi)知(zhi)日蚀(shi)分(fen)(fen)数(shu)(shu)。月(yue)(yue)径(jing)(jing)逾既(ji)(ji)限之(zhi)(zhi)南,则虽在阴历,而(er)所亏类同(tong)外道,斜望(wang)使然也(ye)。既(ji)(ji)限之(zhi)(zhi)外,应向外蚀(shi),外道交(jiao)分(fen)(fen),准用(yong)此例。以(yi)(yi)较(jiao)古(gu)今日蚀(shi)四十(shi)三事(shi),月(yue)(yue)蚀(shi)九十(shi)九事(shi),课皆(jie)第一。
使(shi)日(ri)(ri)蚀(shi)皆不可以常(chang)数(shu)求,则(ze)无以稽历(li)数(shu)之疏密。若(ruo)皆可以常(chang)数(shu)求,则(ze)无以知政教之休咎。今更(geng)设考日(ri)(ri)蚀(shi)或限术(shu),得常(chang)则(ze)合于数(shu)。又日(ri)(ri)月(yue)交会(hui)大小相若(ruo),而月(yue)在日(ri)(ri)下,自京师斜射(she)而望之,假(jia)中国食既,则(ze)南方(fang)戴日(ri)(ri)之下所亏(kui)才半,月(yue)外反观,则(ze)交而不蚀(shi)。步九(jiu)服日(ri)(ri)晷以定(ding)蚀(shi)分(fen),晨昏漏刻与地偕变,则(ze)宇宙虽广(guang),可以一术(shu)齐之矣。
其十二《五星议》曰:
岁星(xing)自商、周迄春秋之(zhi)季,率百(bai)二十(shi)余(yu)年(nian)而超(chao)一次(ci)(ci)。战国后(hou)其(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)浸急,至(zhi)汉尚微(wei)差,及哀(ai)、平间,余(yu)势(shi)乃尽,更八(ba)十(shi)四年(nian)而超(chao)一次(ci)(ci),因以为常(chang)。此其(qi)(qi)与余(yu)星(xing)异也。姬(ji)氏出自灵威仰之(zhi)精,受(shou)木行(xing)(xing)正气。岁星(xing)主农祥,后(hou)稷凭焉(yan),故(gu)周人常(chang)阅其(qi)(qi)禨祥,而观善败。其(qi)(qi)始王也,次(ci)(ci)于(yu)鹑火,以达天鼋(yuan)。及其(qi)(qi)衰也,淫于(yu)玄枵,以害鸟(niao)帑。其(qi)(qi)后(hou)群雄(xiong)力(li)争,礼乐(le)陨坏,而从衡(heng)攻守之(zhi)术兴。故(gu)岁星(xing)常(chang)赢行(xing)(xing)于(yu)上,而侯王不宁于(yu)下,则木纬(wei)失行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)势(shi),宜极于(yu)火运(yun)之(zhi)中,理数然也。
开(kai)元(yuan)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)庚午(wu),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)进贤东北尺(chi)三(san)(san)(san)寸,直轸(zhen)(zhen)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du),于(yu)《麟(lin)德历(li)(li)(li)》在(zai)轸(zhen)(zhen)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)。推而(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)之,至(zhi)(zhi)汉(han)(han)河平(ping)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),其(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)下旬,岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)轩(xuan)辕(yuan)南耑大(da)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)西北尺(chi)所(suo)。《麟(lin)德历(li)(li)(li)》在(zai)张(zhang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du),直轩(xuan)辕(yuan)大(da)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下相距七(qi)(qi)百(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),考其(qi)(qi)行(xing)度(du)(du)(du),犹(you)(you)未(wei)甚盈(ying)缩,则(ze)哀、平(ping)后(hou)(hou)不(bu)复每岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)渐差也。又上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)百(bai)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),至(zhi)(zhi)孝景中(zhong)元(yuan)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)(wu)月(yue),星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)东井、钺。《麟(lin)德历(li)(li)(li)》在(zai)参(can)三(san)(san)(san)度(du)(du)(du)。又上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),得汉(han)(han)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)月(yue),五(wu)(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚于(yu)东井,从(cong)岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也,于(yu)秦正岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)乙未(wei),夏正当(dang)在(zai)甲午(wu)。《麟(lin)德历(li)(li)(li)》白露八日(ri),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)留(liu)觜觿一(yi)度(du)(du)(du)。明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)立夏,伏(fu)于(yu)参(can)。由差行(xing)未(wei)尽,而(er)以(yi)(yi)常数求之使然也。又上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),至(zhi)(zhi)哀公(gong)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)鹑火(huo),《麟(lin)德历(li)(li)(li)》初(chu)(chu)见(jian)(jian)在(zai)舆鬼二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du)。立冬九日(ri),留(liu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)(san)度(du)(du)(du)。明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)启(qi)蛰十(shi)(shi)日(ri),退至(zhi)(zhi)柳五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du),犹(you)(you)不(bu)及鹑火(huo)。又上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)百(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),至(zhi)(zhi)僖公(gong)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)当(dang)在(zai)大(da)火(huo)。《麟(lin)德历(li)(li)(li)》初(chu)(chu)见(jian)(jian)在(zai)张(zhang)八度(du)(du)(du),明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)伏(fu)于(yu)翼(yi)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)度(du)(du)(du),定在(zai)鹑火(huo),差三(san)(san)(san)次矣。哀公(gong)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),差行(xing)渐迟(chi),相去犹(you)(you)近(jin);哀公(gong)以(yi)(yi)前,率(lv)常行(xing)迟(chi)。而(er)旧(jiu)历(li)(li)(li)犹(you)(you)用(yong)急率(lv),不(bu)知合变,故所(suo)差弥多(duo)。武王革命(ming),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亦(yi)在(zai)大(da)火(huo),而(er)《麟(lin)德历(li)(li)(li)》在(zai)东壁(bi)三(san)(san)(san)度(du)(du)(du),则(ze)唐、虞(yu)已(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),所(suo)差周天矣。
《太初(chu)》、《三统历》岁星(xing)十(shi)(shi)二(er)周(zhou)天超一(yi)次,推(tui)(tui)商、周(zhou)间事,大(da)抵皆合。验(yan)开元注记,差(cha)九十(shi)(shi)余度,盖不(bu)(bu)知岁星(xing)后率(lv)故(gu)也。《皇(huang)极》、《麟(lin)德历》七周(zhou)天超一(yi)次,以推(tui)(tui)汉(han)、魏间事尚未差(cha)。上(shang)验(yan)《春秋(qiu)》所(suo)载(zai),亦(yi)差(cha)九十(shi)(shi)余度,盖不(bu)(bu)知岁星(xing)前率(lv)故(gu)也。《天保》、《天和历》得(de)二(er)率(lv)之(zhi)中,故(gu)上(shang)合于(yu)《春秋(qiu)》,下犹密于(yu)记注。以推(tui)(tui)永平、黄初(chu)间事,远者或差(cha)三十(shi)(shi)余度,盖不(bu)(bu)知战国后岁星(xing)变行故(gu)也。自汉(han)元始四年(nian),距开元十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian),凡十(shi)(shi)二(er)甲子,上(shang)距隐(yin)公六年(nian),亦(yi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)甲子。而二(er)历相合于(yu)其中,或差(cha)二(er)次于(yu)古(gu),或差(cha)三次于(yu)今,其两(liang)合于(yu)古(gu)今者,中间亦(yi)乖。欲一(yi)术(shu)以求之(zhi),则不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)也。
《开元历》岁星(xing)前(qian)率,三百(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)八日,余二千二百(bai)(bai)一十(shi)(shi)九(jiu),秒九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)三。自哀公二十(shi)(shi)年丙寅后,每加(jia)度(du)余一分,尽四百(bai)(bai)三十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)合(he)(he),次合(he)(he)乃加(jia)秒十(shi)(shi)三而(er)止(zhi),凡(fan)三百(bai)(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)八日,余二千六百(bai)(bai)五十(shi)(shi)九(jiu),秒六,而(er)与日合(he)(he),是为岁星(xing)后率。自此(ci)因以(yi)为常,入汉元始(shi)六年也。
《岁星差(cha)(cha)合(he)(he)(he)术(shu)》曰:“置哀公二十年冬至(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)(he)余,加入差(cha)(cha)已来(lai)中(zhong)积(ji)分(fen),以(yi)前率约(yue)之(zhi),为(wei)入差(cha)(cha)合(he)(he)(he)数。不(bu)尽(jin)者如历术(shu)入之(zhi),反求冬至(zhi)(zhi)后合(he)(he)(he)日(ri),乃副列入差(cha)(cha)合(he)(he)(he)数,增下位一(yi)算(suan),乘而(er)半之(zhi),盈《《大衍》通法(fa)为(wei)日(ri),不(bu)尽(jin)为(wei)日(ri)余,以(yi)加合(he)(he)(he)日(ri),即(ji)差(cha)(cha)合(he)(he)(he)所在也。求岁星差(cha)(cha)行径术(shu),以(yi)后终(zhong)率约(yue)上(shang)元以(yi)来(lai)中(zhong)积(ji)分(fen),亦得所求。若(ruo)稽其实行,当从元始六(liu)年置差(cha)(cha)步之(zhi),则前后相距,间不(bu)容发(fa),而(er)上(shang)元之(zhi)首(shou),无忽微(wei)空积(ji)矣(yi)。
成汤伐桀(jie),岁在壬戌,《开(kai)元(yuan)历》星与(yu)日(ri)合于角,次于氐十度而后(hou)退行。其明(ming)年,汤始建国为元(yuan)祀(si),顺行与(yu)日(ri)合于房,所以纪商人之命也(ye)。
后六百(bai)一(yi)算(suan)至纣六祀(si),周(zhou)文王初禴于(yu)毕,十(shi)三祀(si)岁在己卯,星(xing)在鹑(chun)火(huo),武王嗣位。克(ke)商之年(nian),进(jin)及舆鬼,而退守(shou)东井。明(ming)年(nian),周(zhou)始革命,顺行与日合于(yu)柳,进(jin)留于(yu)张。考(kao)其分野,则分陕(shan)之间(jian),与三监封域之际(ji)也(ye)。
成(cheng)王三(san)年(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)丙午,星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)大火,唐(tang)叔始封(feng)(feng),故《国语》曰:“晋(jin)(jin)之(zhi)始封(feng)(feng),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)大火。”《春秋(qiu)传》僖公(gong)五年(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)大火,晋(jin)(jin)公(gong)子重耳自蒲奔狄(di)。十六年(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)寿星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),适齐过卫,野(ye)人与之(zhi)塊(kuai),子犯曰:“天赐也(ye),天事必象,岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)及鹑(chun)火必有(you)此乎!复于(yu)寿星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),必获(huo)(huo)诸侯(hou)。”二十三(san)年(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)胃(wei)、昴。秦伯纳晋(jin)(jin)文公(gong)。董因曰:“岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)大梁(liang),将(jiang)集天行(xing)。元年(nian)(nian),实沈(shen)之(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),晋(jin)(jin)人是居。君之(zhi)行(xing)也(ye),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)大火,阏伯之(zhi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye),是谓大辰。辰以(yi)(yi)善成(cheng),后稷(ji)是相,唐(tang)叔以(yi)(yi)封(feng)(feng)。且以(yi)(yi)辰出而以(yi)(yi)参入,皆晋(jin)(jin)祥也(ye)。”二十七年(nian)(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)火,晋(jin)(jin)侯(hou)伐(fa)卫,取五鹿,败楚(chu)师于(yu)城(cheng)濮(pu),始获(huo)(huo)诸侯(hou)。岁(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)适及寿星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),皆与《开元历(li)》合。
襄(xiang)公十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian),岁星在(zai)(zai)陬訾(zi)之口,《开(kai)元(yuan)历(li)》大寒(han)三(san)日,星与日合,在(zai)(zai)危(wei)三(san)度(du),遂顺行(xing)至营室(shi)八度(du)。其(qi)(qi)明年(nian)(nian),郑子蟜(jiao)卒(zu)。将葬,公孙子羽与裨灶晨会事焉(yan),过伯有氏,其(qi)(qi)门(men)上生莠,子羽曰(yue)(yue):“其(qi)(qi)莠犹在(zai)(zai)乎,于是(shi)岁在(zai)(zai)降娄中而(er)曙(shu)。”裨灶指之曰(yue)(yue):“犹可以(yi)终(zhong)(zhong)岁,岁不及(ji)此次也。”《开(kai)元(yuan)历(li)》,岁星在(zai)(zai)奎;奎,降娄也。《麟德历(li)》,在(zai)(zai)危(wei);危(wei),玄(xuan)(xuan)枵也。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)春,无冰。梓慎曰(yue)(yue):“岁在(zai)(zai)星纪(ji),而(er)淫于玄(xuan)(xuan)枵。”裨灶曰(yue)(yue):“岁弃其(qi)(qi)次,而(er)旅(lv)于明年(nian)(nian)之次,以(yi)害鸟帑(tang)。周、楚恶之。”《开(kai)元(yuan)历(li)》,岁星至南(nan)斗十(shi)(shi)七度(du),而(er)退守西(xi)建间,复顺行(xing),与日合于牛初(chu)。应在(zai)(zai)星纪(ji),而(er)盈行(xing)进及(ji)虚宿,故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)“淫”。留玄(xuan)(xuan)枵二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian),至三(san)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)。《开(kai)元(yuan)历(li)》,岁星顺行(xing)至营室(shi)十(shi)(shi)度(du),留。距(ju)子蟜(jiao)之卒(zu)一终(zhong)(zhong)矣。其(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)八月,郑人杀良霄,故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)“及(ji)其(qi)(qi)亡也,岁在(zai)(zai)陬訾(zi)之口。”其(qi)(qi)明年(nian)(nian),乃及(ji)降娄。
昭(zhao)公(gong)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月,楚(chu)灭(mie)陈(chen)。史赵曰(yue):“未(wei)也。陈(chen),颛顼(xu)之(zhi)族也。岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑火(huo),是以卒(zu)灭(mie)。今(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)析木之(zhi)津,犹(you)将复(fu)由(you)。”《开(kai)元历(li)》,在(zai)(zai)(zai)箕八度(du),析木津也。十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)春,进及(ji)婺(wu)女初(chu)(chu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)玄枵之(zhi)维首。《传》曰(yue):“正(zheng)月,有星出于(yu)婺(wu)女。”裨(bi)灶曰(yue):“今(jin)兹(zi)岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)颛顼(xu)之(zhi)墟。”是岁(sui)与(yu)日合(he)于(yu)危。其(qi)明年(nian)(nian)(nian),进及(ji)营室,复(fu)得豕韦(wei)之(zhi)次(ci)。景王问苌弘曰(yue):’今(jin)兹(zi)诸侯何实(shi)吉?何实(shi)凶?”对曰(yue):“蔡(cai)凶。此(ci)蔡(cai)侯般杀其(qi)君之(zhi)岁(sui),岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)豕韦(wei),弗过此(ci)矣(yi),楚(chu)将有之(zhi)。岁(sui)及(ji)大梁,蔡(cai)复(fu)楚(chu)凶。。”至十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)星在(zai)(zai)(zai)昴(mao)、毕,而楚(chu)弑灵王,陈(chen)、蔡(cai)复(fu)封。初(chu)(chu),昭(zhao)公(gong)九年(nian)(nian)(nian),陈(chen)灾(zai)。裨(bi)灶曰(yue):“后(hou)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),陈(chen)将复(fu)封。岁(sui)五(wu)及(ji)鹑火(huo),而后(hou)陈(chen)卒(zu)亡。”自陈(chen)灾(zai)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),而岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大梁,陈(chen)复(fu)建国。哀公(gong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian),五(wu)及(ji)鹑火(huo),而楚(chu)灭(mie)陈(chen)。是年(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)星与(yu)日合(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)张六度(du)。昭(zhao)公(gong)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)夏,吴伐越。始用师于(yu)越也。史墨曰(yue):“越得岁(sui)而吴伐之(zhi),必受(shou)其(qi)凶。”是岁(sui),星与(yu)日合(he)于(yu)南斗(dou)三度(du)。昔僖公(gong)六年(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)阴(yin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)卯(mao),星在(zai)(zai)(zai)析木。昭(zhao)公(gong)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian),亦岁(sui)阴(yin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)卯(mao),而星在(zai)(zai)(zai)星纪。故《三统历(li)》因以为(wei)超次(ci)之(zhi)率。考其(qi)实(shi),犹(you)百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)余年(nian)(nian)(nian)。近代诸历(li),欲(yu)以八十(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)齐之(zhi),此(ci)其(qi)所(suo)惑也。后(hou)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)而越灭(mie)吴。星三及(ji)斗(dou)、牛,已入差合(he)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)矣(yi)。
夫五事(shi)感于(yu)(yu)中,而五行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祥应于(yu)(yu)下,五纬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变彰于(yu)(yu)上(shang)。若声发(fa)而响和,形(xing)动(dong)而影(ying)随,故(gu)琽失(shi)典刑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng),则星辰(chen)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱行;汩彝伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叙,则天事(shi)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无象。当其乱行、无象,又(you)可以历纪齐乎(hu)?故(gu)襄公二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian),岁(sui)在星纪,淫于(yu)(yu)玄枵(xiao)。至三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)八月(yue),始(shi)及陬訾(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口,超(chao)次而前,二(er)年(nian)(nian)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
汉元(yuan)鼎中,太白入于(yu)天苑,失(shi)行(xing),在黄道南三十余度。间岁(sui),武帝北巡守(shou),登单于(yu)台,勒(le)兵十八万(wan)骑,及(ji)诛大(da)宛,马(ma)大(da)死(si)军中。
晋咸宁(ning)四(si)年(nian)九月,太白当(dang)见(jian)不见(jian),占(zhan)曰:“是谓失舍,不有破军(jun),必(bi)有亡国。”时将(jiang)伐吴,明年(nian)三(san)月,兵出,太白始夕见(jian)西(xi)方,而吴亡。
永宁元(yuan)年,正月至闰(run)月,五星(xing)经(jing)天,纵(zong)横(heng)无常;永兴二年四月丙(bing)子,太(tai)白犯狼星(xing),失行,在黄道南(nan)四十余度;永嘉(jia)三年正月庚子,荧惑犯紫(zi)微(wei):皆天变所未(wei)有也,终以二帝(di)蒙尘,天下大乱(luan)。
后魏神瑞(rui)二(er)(er)年(nian)十二(er)(er)月,荧(ying)惑在瓠瓜星中,一夕(xi)忽亡(wang),不知所在。崔(cui)浩(hao)以日辰推之(zhi)(zhi),曰:“庚午(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)夕(xi),辛未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)朝,天有阴云,荧(ying)惑之(zhi)(zhi)亡(wang),在此二(er)(er)日。庚午(wu)未(wei)皆主秦,辛为西夷。今姚(yao)兴据咸(xian)阳(yang),是荧(ying)惑入秦矣。”其后荧(ying)惑果(guo)出东(dong)井,留守(shou)盘旋,秦中大旱赤地,昆(kun)明(ming)水竭(jie)。明(ming)年(nian),姚(yao)兴死,二(er)(er)子交兵(bing)。三年(nian),国灭。
齐永明九年(nian)八(ba)月十四日,火星应退在昴三度,先历在毕;二十一日始逆行,北转(zhuan),垂及立冬(dong),形色弥盛。魏永平四年(nian)八(ba)月癸(gui)未,荧惑(huo)在氐,夕伏西方,亦先期五十余日,虽时(shi)历疏阔,不宜若此。
隋大业(ye)九(jiu)年五(wu)月丁丑,荧(ying)惑逆行(xing)入南(nan)斗,色(se)赤(chi)如血,大如三斗器,光芒震耀,长七八(ba)尺,于斗中句巳而行(xing),亦(yi)天变所未有也。后杨玄感反,天下大乱。
故(gu)五星(xing)留逆伏见之(zhi)效,表里(li)盈缩之(zhi)行,皆系之(zhi)于(yu)时,而象(xiang)之(zhi)于(yu)政。政小失(shi)(shi)(shi)则小变(bian),事微(wei)而象(xiang)微(wei),事章(zhang)(zhang)而象(xiang)章(zhang)(zhang)。已示吉凶(xiong)之(zhi)象(xiang),则又(you)变(bian)行,袭其常(chang)度。不然,则皇天何以阴骘下民,警悟人(ren)主哉!近(jin)代(dai)算者昧(mei)于(yu)象(xiang),占者迷于(yu)数,睹五星(xing)失(shi)(shi)(shi)行,皆谓之(zhi)历舛。虽七曜循轨,犹或谓之(zhi)天灾。终以数象(xiang)相(xiang)蒙,两丧其实。故(gu)较历必稽古今注记,入(ru)气均而行度齐(qi),上下相(xiang)距,反复相(xiang)求。苟独异(yi)于(yu)常(chang),则失(shi)(shi)(shi)行可(ke)知矣。
凡二星相近(jin),多为(wei)之失行。三星以(yi)上(shang),失度弥甚。《天竺历》以(yi)《九执》之情,皆有所好(hao)恶。遇其所好(hao)之星,则趣之行疾,舍之行迟。
张子(zi)信历辰星应见不(bu)(bu)见术,晨(chen)夕去日(ri)(ri)前后四十六度(du)内,十八度(du)外,有木(mu)、火、土、金(jin)一(yi)星者见,无则(ze)不(bu)(bu)见。张胄(zhou)玄历,朔望在交(jiao)限(xian),有星伏在日(ri)(ri)下,木(mu)、土去见十日(ri)(ri)外,火去见四十日(ri)(ri)外,金(jin)去见二十二日(ri)(ri)外者,并不(bu)(bu)加(jia)减差(cha),皆精气相感(gan)使然(ran)。
夫日(ri)月所以著尊卑不易之(zhi)象(xiang),五星所以示政教从时(shi)之(zhi)义。故(gu)日(ri)月之(zhi)失行也,微而(er)少(shao);五星之(zhi)失行也,著而(er)多。今略考(kao)常数(shu),以课疏密。
《略例》曰:“其(qi)入气(qi)加(jia)减(jian),亦自张(zhang)子信始(shi),后人莫不遵用之(zhi)(zhi)。原始(shi)要(yao)终,多有不叶。今较《麟德历》,荧惑、太(tai)白见(jian)伏行度过(guo)与不及,荧惑凡四十(shi)八事(shi)(shi),太(tai)白二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)事(shi)(shi)。余星(xing)所(suo)差,盖细不足(zu)考。且(qie)盈(ying)缩(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)行,宜与四象潜合,而二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四气(qi)加(jia)减(jian)不均。更(geng)推易数而正之(zhi)(zhi),又各立岁差,以究五精运周二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八舍之(zhi)(zhi)变。较史官(guan)所(suo)记(ji),岁星(xing)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)七事(shi)(shi),荧惑二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)八事(shi)(shi),镇星(xing)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)一(yi)事(shi)(shi),太(tai)白二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)事(shi)(shi),辰星(xing)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四事(shi)(shi),《开元历》课皆第一(yi)云。
至肃宗时,山人韩颖(ying)上言《大(da)衍(yan)历(li)》或误(wu)。帝疑之(zhi),以(yi)颖(ying)为(wei)太(tai)子宫门郎,直司天台(tai)。又损益(yi)其术,每节(jie)增二日,更名《至德(de)历(li)》,起乾(qian)元元年(nian)用之(zhi),讫上元三年(nian)。
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