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新唐书 列传第二十一 房杜在线阅读

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列(lie)传第二十一 房杜

房玄龄,字乔,齐州临淄人。父彦谦,仕隋,历司隶刺史。玄龄幼警敏,贯综坟籍,善属文,书兼草隶。开皇中,天下混壹,皆谓隋祚方永,玄龄密白父曰:“上无功德,徒以周近亲,妄诛杀,攘神器有之,不为子孙立长久计,淆置嫡庶,竞侈僭,相倾阋,终当内相诛夷。视今虽平,其亡,跬可须也。”彦谦惊曰:无妄言!”年十八,举进士。授羽骑尉,校仇秘书省。吏部侍郎高孝基名知人,谓裴矩曰:“仆观人多矣,未有如此郎者,当为国器,但恨不见其耸壑昂霄云。”补隰城尉。汉王谅反,坐累,徙上郡。顾中原方乱,慨然有忧天下志。会父疾,绵十旬,不解衣;及丧,勺饮不入口五日。

太宗以燉(dun)煌公徇渭北,杖策上(shang)谒军(jun)(jun)门,一见如旧,署(shu)渭北道行军(jun)(jun)记室参军(jun)(jun)。公为秦王,即授府(fu)记室,封临淄侯(hou)。征伐未尝不(bu)从,众争取(qu)怪(guai)珍,玄(xuan)龄独收人物致幕府(fu),与(yu)诸(zhu)将密相申(shen)结,人人愿尽死(si)力。王尝曰:“汉光武(wu)得邓禹(yu)(yu),门人益亲(qin)。今我有玄(xuan)龄,犹(you)(you)禹(yu)(yu)也。”居府(fu)出入十年,军(jun)(jun)符府(fu)檄(xi),或驻马即办,文约理尽,初不(bu)著稿(gao)。高祖(zu)曰:“若人机识,是宜委任。每为吾儿陈事,千里外犹(you)(you)对面语。”

隐太子(zi)(zi)与(yu)(yu)王(wang)有(you)(you)隙,王(wang)召玄龄(ling)与(yu)(yu)计(ji),对曰(yue):“国(guo)难世有(you)(you),惟圣人(ren)(ren)克之。大(da)王(wang)功(gong)盖天下,非特(te)人(ren)(ren)谋(mou),神(shen)(shen)且相(xiang)之。”乃引杜如(ru)(ru)晦协判大(da)计(ji)。累进陕东道大(da)行(xing)台考功(gong)郎中、文学馆学士。故太子(zi)(zi)忌(ji)二(er)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe),奇(qi)谮于帝,皆(jie)斥逐还第(di)(di)。太子(zi)(zi)将有(you)(you)变,王(wang)召二(er)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)方士服入,夜计(ji)事(shi)。事(shi)平,王(wang)为皇太子(zi)(zi),擢右(you)庶子(zi)(zi)。太子(zi)(zi)即位,为中书令(ling)。第(di)(di)功(gong)班赏,与(yu)(yu)如(ru)(ru)晦、长孙无忌(ji)、尉迟(chi)敬德、侯君集功(gong)第(di)(di)一,进爵邗国(guo)公(gong),食(shi)邑(yi)(yi)千三百户,余皆(jie)次叙(xu)封拜。帝顾(gu)(gu)群臣(chen)曰(yue):“朕论公(gong)等(deng)功(gong),定(ding)封邑(yi)(yi),恐不(bu)能(neng)尽,当(dang)无有(you)(you)讳,各为朕言之。”淮安王(wang)神(shen)(shen)通曰(yue):“义师(shi)起,臣(chen)兵最先(xian)至,今(jin)玄龄(ling)等(deng)以(yi)(yi)刀(dao)笔吏居第(di)(di)一,臣(chen)所未喻。”帝曰(yue):“叔父兵诚先(xian)至,然未尝躬行(xing)阵劳,故建德之南,军(jun)(jun)败不(bu)振,讨黑(hei)闼反动,望风辄(zhe)奔(ben)。今(jin)玄龄(ling)等(deng)有(you)(you)决胜帷幄(wo)、定(ding)社稷功(gong),此萧何所以(yi)(yi)先(xian)诸将也。叔父以(yi)(yi)亲,宜无爱者(zhe),顾(gu)(gu)不(bu)可缘私(si)与(yu)(yu)功(gong)臣(chen)竞先(xian)后尔。”初,将军(jun)(jun)丘师(shi)利等(deng)皆(jie)怙跋攘袂,或指画自陈说,见神(shen)(shen)通愧(kui)屈,乃曰(yue):“陛下至不(bu)私(si)其亲,吾(wu)属可妄诉邪!”

进尚书左(zuo)仆(pu)(pu)射,监修(xiu)国(guo)史,更封魏。帝(di)曰(yue):“公为仆(pu)(pu)射,当助朕(zhen)广(guang)耳目,访贤(xian)材。此闻阅牒讼(song)日数(shu)百,岂暇求人哉?”乃敕细务属(shu)左(zuo)右丞(cheng),大事关仆(pu)(pu)射。

帝尝问:“创(chuang)业、守(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)孰难(nan)?”玄龄曰:“方时草(cao)昧(mei),群雄竞逐(zhu),攻破(po)乃降,战(zhan)胜乃克(ke),创(chuang)业则难(nan)。”魏徵曰:“王者之(zhi)(zhi)兴,必乘衰乱,覆昏暴,殆天(tian)授(shou)人与者。既得天(tian)下,则安(an)于骄逸(yi)。人欲静,徭役毒之(zhi)(zhi);世(shi)方敝,裒刻穷之(zhi)(zhi)。国(guo)繇此衰,则守(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)为难(nan)。”帝曰:“玄龄从我(wo)定天(tian)下,冒百死,遇(yu)一(yi)生(sheng),见创(chuang)业之(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)。徵与我(wo)安(an)天(tian)下,畏富贵则骄,骄则怠,怠则亡(wang),见守(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)不为易(yi)。然创(chuang)业之(zhi)(zhi)不易(yi),既往(wang)矣;守(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)难(nan),方与公等(deng)慎之(zhi)(zhi)。”

会(hui)诏(zhao)大臣世(shi)袭(xi),授宋州刺(ci)史,徙国(guo)梁,而群臣让(rang)世(shi)袭(xi)事(shi)(shi),故罢刺(ci)史,遂为梁国(guo)公。未几,加(jia)太子(zi)少(shao)师(shi)。始诣东宫,皇太子(zi)欲拜之(zhi),玄(xuan)龄(ling)让(rang)不敢谒(ye),乃止。居宰相(xiang)积十五年,女为王妃(fei),男尚主,自以权宠隆极,累表(biao)辞位,诏(zhao)不听。顷之(zhi),进司空,仍总(zong)朝政(zheng)。玄(xuan)龄(ling)固辞,帝遣(qian)使谓曰(yue)(yue):“让(rang),诚美德也。然国(guo)家(jia)相(xiang)眷赖久(jiu),一日去良弼,如亡左右手。顾公筋力(li)未衰(shuai),毋多(duo)让(rang)!”晋王为皇太子(zi),改太子(zi)太傅,知(zhi)门(men)下省事(shi)(shi)。以母丧,赐茔昭(zhao)陵园。起复(fu)其官。会(hui)伐辽(liao),留守京(jing)师(shi)。诏(zhao)曰(yue)(yue):“公当萧何之(zhi)任,朕无西顾忧(you)矣。”凡粮械飞输,军(jun)伍行(xing)留,悉裁总(zong)之(zhi)。玄(xuan)龄(ling)数上书劝帝,愿毋轻敌,久(jiu)事(shi)(shi)外夷。固辞太子(zi)太傅,见听。

晚节(jie)多病,时帝幸玉华宫,诏玄(xuan)龄居守,听卧治事(shi)。稍棘,召许肩舆入殿,帝视流涕,玄(xuan)龄亦感咽不(bu)自胜。命尚医临候,尚食供膳(shan),日(ri)奏起居状。少(shao)损(sun),即喜(xi)见于色。玄(xuan)龄顾诸子曰:“今(jin)天下事(shi)无不(bu)得,惟(wei)讨(tao)高丽未(wei)止,上(shang)(shang)含怒意决,群臣莫敢谏,吾而不(bu)言,抱(bao)愧没(mei)地矣!”遂上(shang)(shang)疏曰:

上(shang)古所(suo)不(bu)(bu)臣者(zhe),陛下(xia)皆臣之(zhi)(zhi);所(suo)不(bu)(bu)制(zhi)者(zhe),陛下(xia)皆制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)矣,为中国(guo)患(huan),无如突厥,而大小可汗相次(ci)束手,弛辫握刀,分典禁卫。延(yan)陀、铁勒,披置州县(xian);高昌(chang)、吐浑,偏师扫(sao)除。惟高丽历代逋命,莫克穷讨。陛下(xia)责其弑逆,身自将六军,径荒裔,不(bu)(bu)旬日拔辽东(dong),虏(lu)获数十万,残(can)众(zhong)、孽君缩(suo)气不(bu)(bu)敢息,可谓功倍前(qian)世(shi)矣。

《易》曰:“知进退存亡不失其(qi)正者(zhe),其(qi)惟圣人(ren)乎!”盖(gai)进有退之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,存有亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)机,得(de)有丧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,为(wei)(wei)陛下(xia)惜者(zhe)此也(ye)(ye)。傅曰:“知足不辱(ru),知止(zhi)不殆。”陛下(xia)威名(ming)功烈既云(yun)足矣(yi),拓地开疆(jiang)亦可(ke)止(zhi)矣(yi)。边夷丑(chou)种,不足待以仁义,责以常礼,古者(zhe)以禽鱼畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必绝其(qi)类(lei),恐兽穷(qiong)则搏,苟救其(qi)死。且陛下(xia)每决死罪,必三(san)覆五奏(zou),进疏食,停(ting)音乐,以人(ren)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重为(wei)(wei)感(gan)动也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)士无一罪,驱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行阵(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,委之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)锋镝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),使肝脑涂地,老父孤子、寡妻慈母望(wang)槥车,抱枯骨,摧心掩(yan)泣(qi),其(qi)所以变动阴阳,伤害和气,实天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)痛也(ye)(ye)。使高丽违(wei)失臣(chen)节,诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)也(ye)(ye);侵扰百(bai)姓(xing),灭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)也(ye)(ye);能为(wei)(wei)后世(shi)患,夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)无是三(san)者(zhe),而坐(zuo)敝中国,为(wei)(wei)旧王(wang)雪耻,新罗报仇,非(fei)所存小(xiao)、所损大乎?臣(chen)愿下(xia)沛然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诏,许高丽自新,焚(fen)陵波之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)船,罢应募之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众,即臣(chen)死骨不朽。

帝(di)得疏,谓高阳公主曰(yue):“是已危慑(she),尚能忧吾(wu)国(guo)事乎(hu)!”

疾甚,帝命凿苑垣以(yi)便候问,亲握手与决(jue)。诏(zhao)皇(huang)太子(zi)就省。擢(zhuo)子(zi)遗(yi)爱右卫中郎将,遗(yi)则朝散大(da)夫,令(ling)及见之。薨,年(nian)七十(shi)一,赠太尉(wei)、并州都督(du),谥曰文(wen)昭(zhao),给班剑(jian)、羽葆、鼓吹(chui)、绢布二千(qian)(qian)段、粟(su)二千(qian)(qian)斛,陪葬(zang)昭(zhao)陵。高宗(zong)诏(zhao)配享太宗(zong)庙廷。

玄龄当(dang)国,夙夜勤强,任公竭(jie)节,不(bu)(bu)欲(yu)一物失所。无(wu)媢忌,闻(wen)人(ren)善,若(ruo)己有之。明(ming)达吏(li)治,而缘饰以文雅(ya),议法处令,务为宽平。不(bu)(bu)以己长望人(ren),取人(ren)不(bu)(bu)求备,虽(sui)卑贱皆得尽所能。或以事被让(rang),必稽颡请(qing)罪,畏惕,视若(ruo)无(wu)所容。

贞观末(mo)年,以(yi)谴还第,黄门侍(shi)郎褚遂良(liang)言于帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰:“玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)(ling)事君自无所负,不(bu)可以(yi)一眚便示斥外,非天子任大臣意。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)悟,遽(ju)召于家。后避位不(bu)出。久之,会帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)幸芙蓉(rong)园观风(feng)俗,玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)(ling)敕子弟汛扫廷堂(tang),曰:“乘(cheng)舆且临幸。”有(you)(you)顷,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)果幸其第,因载玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)(ling)还宫。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在翠微宫,以(yi)司(si)农卿李纬(wei)(wei)为(wei)民部尚书,会有(you)(you)自京师(shi)(shi)来者,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰:“玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)(ling)闻纬(wei)(wei)为(wei)尚书谓何?”曰:“惟称纬(wei)(wei)好须(xu),无它语。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)遽(ju)改太子詹事。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)讨辽,玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)(ling)守(shou)京师(shi)(shi),有(you)(you)男(nan)子上(shang)急(ji)变,玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)(ling)诘状,曰:“我乃(nai)告公。”玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)(ling)驿遣追帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)视奏已,斩(zhan)男(nan)子。下(xia)诏责曰:“公何不(bu)自信(xin)!”其委任类如此。

治家有(you)法度(du),常恐诸子(zi)骄(jiao)侈,席势凌人,乃集古今家诫(jie),书为屏风,令各(ge)取(qu)一具,曰:“留意于(yu)此,足以保躬矣!汉袁氏累叶(ye)忠节,吾心所尚,尔宜师之(zhi)。”子(zi)遗直嗣。

次子遗爱(ai)(ai)(ai),诞率无(wu)学,有武力。尚(shang)高(gao)阳公主,为右卫将(jiang)军。公主,帝所(suo)爱(ai)(ai)(ai),故礼与(yu)它婿绝。主骄蹇,疾(ji)遗直(zhi)任嫡,遗直(zhi)惧,让爵(jue),帝不(bu)许。主稍失爱(ai)(ai)(ai),意怏怏。与(yu)浮(fu)屠辩(bian)机乱,帝怒,斩浮(fu)屠,杀奴(nu)婢(bi)数十人,主怨望,帝崩,哭不(bu)哀。高(gao)宗时,出遗直(zhi)汴州刺史,遗爱(ai)(ai)(ai)房州刺史。主又诬遗直(zhi)罪,帝敕长孙无(wu)忌鞫治,乃(nai)得主与(yu)遗爱(ai)(ai)(ai)反状,遗爱(ai)(ai)(ai)伏(fu)诛,主赐死(si)。遗直(zhi)以先(xian)勋免,贬铜陵尉。诏停配(pei)享。

杜如晦,字克(ke)明,京(jing)兆(zhao)杜陵人。祖果,有名周、隋(sui)间。如晦少英爽,喜书(shu),以风(feng)流自(zi)命,内负(fu)大(da)节,临机辄(zhe)断。隋(sui)大(da)业(ye)中,预吏部选(xuan),侍(shi)郎高(gao)孝(xiao)基异之,曰:“君当为栋梁用,愿保令德。”因补(bu)滏阳尉,弃官去(qu)。

高祖(zu)平京师,秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)引为府(fu)(fu)兵曹参军,徙陕州(zhou)总(zong)管(guan)府(fu)(fu)长(zhang)史。时府(fu)(fu)属多(duo)外迁(qian)(qian),王(wang)(wang)患(huan)之。房玄龄曰:“去者虽多(duo),不足(zu)吝,如晦(hui)王(wang)(wang)佐才也。大王(wang)(wang)若终守籓,无所事;必欲经(jing)营四方(fang),舍如晦(hui)无共(gong)功者。”王(wang)(wang)惊曰:“非公言,我几失之!”因表留(liu)幕府(fu)(fu)。从征(zheng)伐,常参帷幄机秘(mi)。方(fang)多(duo)事,裁处无留(liu),僚属共(gong)才之,莫见所涯。进(jin)(jin)陕东道大行台(tai)司勋郎中(zhong),封(feng)建平县男,兼文学(xue)馆学(xue)士。天(tian)策府(fu)(fu)建,为中(zhong)郎。王(wang)(wang)为皇太(tai)子,授(shou)左庶子,迁(qian)(qian)兵部尚书,进(jin)(jin)封(feng)蔡国公,食(shi)三千(qian)户,别食(shi)益(yi)州(zhou)千(qian)三百户。俄检校(xiao)侍中(zhong),摄吏部尚书,总(zong)监东宫兵,进(jin)(jin)位尚书右仆射,仍领选。

与(yu)玄(xuan)龄共筦(guan)朝政,引士贤者(zhe),下不(bu)肖,咸得职,当时(shi)浩然归重。监察御史陈师合上《拔士论》,谓(wei)一人不(bu)可总数职,阴(yin)剀讽如(ru)晦(hui)等(deng)。帝曰(yue):“玄(xuan)龄、如(ru)晦(hui)不(bu)以勋旧(jiu)进(jin),特其才可与(yu)治(zhi)天(tian)下者(zhe),师合欲以此离间吾(wu)君(jun)臣(chen)邪(xie)?”斥岭表。

久之,以疾辞职,诏(zhao)(zhao)给常俸就第,医候之使道(dao)相属。会病力,诏(zhao)(zhao)皇太子就问,帝亲至(zhi)其家,抚(fu)之梗塞(sai)。及(ji)未乱,擢其子左千(qian)牛(niu)构(gou)兼尚舍奉御。薨,年(nian)四(si)十(shi)六(liu),帝哭(ku)为恸,赠开府仪同三司。及(ji)葬(zang),加司空,谥(shi)曰成。手诏(zhao)(zhao)虞世南勒文于碑,使言(yan)君臣痛悼意(yi)。

它日,食瓜美,辍其半奠焉。尝赐(ci)玄龄黄银(yin)带(dai),曰(yue):“如(ru)晦(hui)与公同辅(fu)朕,今独(du)见公。”泫然流泪曰(yue):“世(shi)傅黄银(yin)鬼神畏(wei)之(zhi)。”更取金带(dai),遣玄龄送其家。后忽梦如(ru)晦(hui)若平(ping)生,明日为(wei)玄龄言之(zhi),敕所(suo)御(yu)馔(zhuan)往(wang)祭。明年之(zhi)祥,遣尚宫劳问(wen)妻子,国(guo)府官佐亦不之(zhi)罢,恩(en)礼无少(shao)衰。后诏功臣世(shi)袭,追赠密州(zhou)刺史,徙国(guo)莱。

方为相时,天下(xia)新定,台阁制度,宪物容典,率二人(ren)(ren)讨(tao)裁。每议事(shi)帝(di)所(suo),玄(xuan)龄必(bi)曰(yue):“非(fei)如(ru)晦(hui)(hui)莫(mo)筹之。”及如(ru)晦(hui)(hui)至(zhi),卒(zu)用玄(xuan)龄策(ce)也。盖如(ru)晦(hui)(hui)长于断,而玄(xuan)龄善谋(mou)(mou),两人(ren)(ren)深相知(zhi),故(gu)能同心济谋(mou)(mou),以(yi)佐佑(you)帝(di),当世语良相,必(bi)曰(yue)房、杜(du)云。

构位慈州刺史。次子荷,性暴诡不(bu)循法(fa),尚城阳公(gong)主,官(guan)至尚乘奉御,封襄阳郡公(gong)。承(cheng)乾谋反(fan),荷曰:“琅邪颜利仁善(shan)星数,言天有变,宜建大(da)事,陛下(xia)当为太(tai)上皇。请称疾,上必临问,可以得志。”及(ji)败,坐诛。临刑,意象轩骜(ao)。构以累贬(bian)死(si)岭表(biao)。

如(ru)晦弟楚(chu)客(ke),少尚奇节(jie),与叔(shu)(shu)父淹(yan)皆没于王(wang)世(shi)充(chong)。淹(yan)与如(ru)晦有隙,谮其(qi)兄(xiong)杀之,并囚楚(chu)客(ke)濒死(si)。世(shi)充(chong)平,淹(yan)当(dang)诛。楚(chu)客(ke)请于如(ru)晦,不许。楚(chu)客(ke)曰:“叔(shu)(shu)残兄(xiong),今兄(xiong)又弃叔(shu)(shu),门内几尽(jin),岂不痛哉!”如(ru)晦感悟,请之高祖,得(de)释。方建成难(nan)作(zuo),楚(chu)客(ke)遁舍(she)嵩(song)山(shan)。贞观四年,召(zhao)为(wei)给事中(zhong)。太宗曰:“君(jun)居山(shan)似之矣(yi),谓非宰相不起,渠(qu)然(ran)邪?夫走远者自近,人不恤无官,患才不副。而(er)兄(xiong)与我异支一心者,尔当(dang)如(ru)兄(xiong)事吾而(er)辅我。”楚(chu)客(ke)顿首谢,因擢为(wei)中(zhong)郎将(jiang)。每(mei)入直(zhi),尽(jin)夕不释杖,帝(di)知而(er)劳之,进(jin)蒲州刺(ci)史,政有能名,徙(xi)瀛州。后为(wei)魏王(wang)府长史,迁工部尚书,摄府事,以(yi)威肃闻。揣帝(di)意(yi)薄承乾,乃(nai)为(wei)王(wang)谐媚用事臣,数言王(wang)聪(cong)睿可为(wei)嗣,人或(huo)以(yi)闻,帝(di)隐恚。及王(wang)贬(bian)爵,暴其(qi)罪,以(yi)如(ru)晦功免死(si),废于家,终虔化令。

淹(yan)(yan),字执礼(li),材辩多闻(wen),有美名(ming)。隋(sui)开(kai)皇中(zhong),与其友韦福嗣谋(mou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“上好(hao)用隐(yin)民,苏威以(yi)隐(yin)者(zhe)召,得美官(guan)(guan)。”乃(nai)共入太白(bai)(bai)山,为(wei)不(bu)(bu)仕者(zhe)。文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)恶之,谪(zhe)戍江(jiang)(jiang)表(biao)。赦还,高(gao)孝基为(wei)雍州(zhou)司马,荐(jian)授承奉郎,擢累御史(shi)中(zhong)丞。王世充(chong)僭号,署(shu)少吏(li)部(bu)(bu),颇亲近用事。洛阳(yang)平,不(bu)(bu)得调,欲往事隐(yin)太子。时封(feng)伦领选,以(yi)谂房(fang)玄龄,玄龄恐(kong)失之,白(bai)(bai)秦(qin)王,引(yin)为(wei)天策府兵曹(cao)参军、文学馆学士。尝侍宴,赋诗尤工,赐银(yin)钟。庆州(zhou)总(zong)管(guan)杨文干反,辞(ci)连太子,归罪淹(yan)(yan)及王珪(gui)、韦挺,并流越巂,王知(zhi)其诬(wu),饷黄金三百(bai)两(liang)。及践(jian)阼,召为(wei)御史(shi)大(da)夫(fu),封(feng)安吉(ji)郡公(gong),食四百(bai)户。淹(yan)(yan)建言诸(zhu)司文桉(an)稽期,请以(yi)御史(shi)检(jian)(jian)促。太宗(zong)以(yi)问(wen)仆射封(feng)伦,伦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“设官(guan)(guan)各以(yi)其事治,御史(shi)劾不(bu)(bu)法,而索桉(an)求疵,是(shi)太苛(ke),且侵官(guan)(guan)。”淹(yan)(yan)嘿然。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“何(he)不(bu)(bu)申(shen)执?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“伦所(suo)引(yin)国大(da)体,臣(chen)(chen)伏其议,又(you)何(he)言?”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)悦(yue),以(yi)资博练,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)敕东宫仪(yi)典(dian)簿(bu)最悉听淹(yan)(yan)裁订。俄检(jian)(jian)校吏(li)部(bu)(bu)尚书,参豫朝政。所(suo)荐(jian)赢四十人,后皆知(zhi)名(ming)。尝白(bai)(bai)郅(zhi)怀(huai)道(dao)可用,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)问(wen)状(zhuang)。淹(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“怀(huai)道(dao)及隋(sui)时位吏(li)部(bu)(bu)主事,方(fang)炀帝(di)(di)(di)(di)幸江(jiang)(jiang)都,群臣(chen)(chen)迎阿,独怀(huai)道(dao)执不(bu)(bu)可。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿(qing)时何(he)云?”曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)(chen)与众。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)折曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“事君(jun)有犯无隐(yin),卿(qing)直怀(huai)道(dao)者(zhe),何(he)不(bu)(bu)谠言?”谢曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)(chen)位下,又(you)顾(gu)谏(jian)不(bu)(bu)从,徒(tu)死无益。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“内以(yi)君(jun)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)谏(jian),尚何(he)仕?食隋(sui)粟忘(wang)隋(sui)事,忠(zhong)乎(hu)?”因顾(gu)群臣(chen)(chen):“公(gong)等谓何(he)?”王珪(gui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“比干谏(jian)而死,孔(kong)子称(cheng)仁,泄冶(ye)谏(jian)亦死,则曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘民之多僻,无自立辟(pi)。’禄重(zhong)责深(shen),从古则然。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿(qing)在隋(sui)不(bu)(bu)谏(jian),宜置。世充(chong)亲任(ren),胡不(bu)(bu)言?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“固尝言,不(bu)(bu)见用。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“世充(chong)愎谏(jian)饰非,卿(qing)若何(he)而免(mian)?”淹(yan)(yan)辞(ci)穷(qiong)不(bu)(bu)得对(dui)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)勉曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“今任(ren)卿(qing)已,可有谏(jian)未?”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“顾(gu)死无隐(yin)。”贞观二(er)年(nian)疾,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)临问(wen)。卒,赠(zeng)尚书右仆射,谥曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)襄(xiang)。始,淹(yan)(yan)典(dian)二(er)职,贵重(zhong)于朝矣,而亡(wang)清白(bai)(bai)名(ming),获讥当世。子敬同袭爵,官(guan)(guan)至(zhi)鸿胪卿(qing)。

如(ru)晦五世孙元(yuan)颖(ying),贞元(yuan)末及进士(shi)第(di),又擢宏词。数从使府辟(pi)署,稍以右补阙为翰林学士(shi),敏文辞,宪宗特所(suo)赏欢。吴元(yuan)济平,论书(shu)诏勤(qin),迁司勋(xun)员(yuan)外郎,知制诰。穆宗以元(yuan)颖(ying)多识(shi)朝章(zhang),尤被宠,拜中书(shu)舍(she)人、户部(bu)侍郎,为学士(shi)承旨(zhi),以本官同中书(shu)门下平章(zhang)事,建安(an)县男。自(zi)帝即位,不阅岁至宰相,晋绅骇(hai)异。甫再期,出为剑南西(xi)川节(jie)度(du)使、同平章(zhang)事,帝为御(yu)安(an)福门临饯。

敬(jing)宗骄(jiao)僻不(bu)君(jun),元(yuan)颖(ying)每(mei)欲中帝意以固幸,乃巧索珍异(yi)献之,踵相蹑于道(dao),百工(gong)造作无程,敛取苛重,至(zhi)(zhi)削军食以助裒畜。又给与(yu)不(bu)时,戎(rong)(rong)人(ren)寒饥(ji),乃仰足蛮徼。于是人(ren)人(ren)咨苦,反为蛮内觇(chan),戎(rong)(rong)备不(bu)修。大和(he)三年,南(nan)诏(zhao)(zhao)乘(cheng)虚袭戎(rong)(rong)、巂等州,诸(zhu)屯闻贼(zei)至(zhi)(zhi),辄溃,戍者(zhe)为乡导,遂(sui)入成(cheng)都。已傅城,元(yuan)颖(ying)尚不(bu)知,乃率左右婴牙城以守。贼(zei)大掠(lve),焚郛郭,残之,留数日去,蜀之宝货(huo)、工(gong)巧、子(zi)女尽矣。初,元(yuan)颖(ying)计迫,将(jiang)挺身(shen)走(zou),会(hui)救至(zhi)(zhi)乃止。文宗遣使(shi)者(zhe)临(lin)抚南(nan)诏(zhao)(zhao),南(nan)诏(zhao)(zhao)上言:“蜀人(ren)祈(qi)我诛虐帅,不(bu)能克,请陛下诛之,以谢(xie)蜀人(ren)。”由(you)是贬邵州刺史。议者(zhe)不(bu)厌,斥为循州司马。官(guan)属崔璜、纥干(gan)巘、卢并悉夺(duo)秩,分逐之。元(yuan)颖(ying)死于贬所,年六十(shi)四。将(jiang)终(zhong),表丐赠(zeng)官(guan),乞(qi)归葬。诏(zhao)(zhao)赠(zeng)湖州刺史。元(yuan)颖(ying)与(yu)李德裕善,会(hui)昌初,德裕当国(guo),因(yin)赦令(ling)复其官(guan)。弟(di)元(yuan)绛,终(zhong)太(tai)子(zi)宾(bin)客(ke)。元(yuan)绛子(zi)审权(quan)。

审(shen)权(quan),字(zi)殷衡,第进士,辟(pi)浙西幕府。举(ju)拔萃中,为(wei)(wei)右拾遗。宣宗时,入(ru)翰(han)林(lin)为(wei)(wei)学(xue)士,累迁(qian)兵部(bu)侍(shi)郎、学(xue)士承(cheng)旨。懿宗立,进同中书(shu)(shu)门下平章事,再迁(qian)门下侍(shi)郎,出为(wei)(wei)镇(zhen)海军节度(du)使、同平章事。庞勋乱徐州,审(shen)权(quan)与(yu)令狐(hu)綯、崔铉连师(shi)掎角,馈粟相衔,王师(shi)赖济。勋破,进检校司(si)空,入(ru)为(wei)(wei)尚书(shu)(shu)左仆(pu)射、襄阳郡公。继领河中、忠武节度(du)使。卒(zu),赠太子太师(shi),谥(shi)曰德。审(shen)权(quan)清(qing)重寡言,性(xing)长厚,居翰(han)林(lin)最久(jiu),终不漏禁近(jin)语。在方镇(zhen),视事有(you)常处,要非日(ri)入(ru)未始就内(nei)寝。坐必敛衽,常若(ruo)对大宾(bin)客。或昼(zhou)日(ri)少息,则顾直将解帘;即旁无人(ren),自起彻钩,手拥帘徐下,乃退。与(yu)杜悰俱(ju)位将相,悰先(xian)进,故世谓审(shen)权(quan)为(wei)(wei)“小(xiao)杜公”。

子让能(neng),字群懿(yi),擢(zhuo)进(jin)士第,从(cong)宣武(wu)王鐸府为(wei)(wei)推(tui)官,以(yi)长安尉为(wei)(wei)集贤校理(li)。丧母(mu),以(yi)孝闻。又辟刘鄴(ye)、牛蔚二府,稍进(jin)兵(bing)部(bu)员外郎。萧遘领(ling)度(du)支(zhi)(zhi),引判度(du)支(zhi)(zhi)按(an)。僖宗狩蜀,奔谒行在,三迁中书舍人(ren),召(zhao)为(wei)(wei)翰林学士。方关东兵(bing)兴,调发绥徠,书诏丛浩(hao),让能(neng)思精(jing)敏,凡号令行下,处事值机,无所遗算,帝倚(yi)重之。从(cong)还京(jing)师,再(zai)迁兵(bing)部(bu)尚书,封建(jian)平县(xian)子。

李克用兵(bing)至(zhi),帝(di)夜出凤翔,苍黄无知者。让(rang)能(neng)(neng)方直,徒步从(cong)十余里,得(de)遗(yi)马,褫(chi)绅为(wei)靮(di)乘之。硃玫兵(bing)逼(bi)乘舆,帝(di)走宝鸡,独(du)让(rang)能(neng)(neng)从(cong)。翌日,孔纬(wei)等乃至(zhi)。俄而(er)进狩(shou)梁。是(shi)时栈(zhan)道为(wei)山南石君涉所(suo)(suo)毁(hui),天子间关(guan)嶮(xian)涩,让(rang)能(neng)(neng)未尝(chang)暂去侧。帝(di)劳曰(yue):“朕(zhen)失道,再遗(yi)宗庙。方艰难时,卿不少舍朕(zhen),盖古所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)忠于所(suo)(suo)事邪!”让(rang)能(neng)(neng)顿首曰(yue):“臣世蒙国厚恩,陛下不以(yi)臣不肖,使扞牧(mu)圉,临难苟(gou)免,臣之耻(chi)也(ye)。”帝(di)次褒中,擢兵(bing)部侍郎、同(tong)中书门(men)下平章事。

于时,嗣襄王煴即伪(wei)位(wei),强籓(fan)大(da)镇附者已十八,贡赋不输行在(zai),无以(yi)备赏劳(lao),卫兵往往乏食,君臣搏手无它(ta)策。让能建遣大(da)使(shi)入河中(zhong),以(yi)谕(yu)王重(zhong)(zhong)荣,重(zhong)(zhong)荣果奉(feng)诏。已而京师平,进(jin)(jin)中(zhong)书侍郎,徙封(feng)襄阳郡公。官吏多(duo)污伪(wei)署,有(you)司皆欲(yu)论(lun)死,让能以(yi)胁从不足深治,固争之,多(duo)所全贷。昭(zhao)宗立,进(jin)(jin)尚书左仆(pu)射、晋国公,赐铁券,累(lei)进(jin)(jin)太尉。

李茂贞(zhen)(zhen)守凤翔,自大顺后兵浸强,恃有(you)功,不(bu)奉(feng)法,朝廷弱,弗能(neng)制。会杨(yang)复恭走(zou)山南(nan),茂贞(zhen)(zhen)欲兼(jian)有(you)梁、汉,请(qing)以(yi)师(shi)问罪(zui),未报(bao)而(er)兵出(chu),帝(di)忿其专,然不(bu)得(de)已从之。山南(nan)平,诏(zhao)茂贞(zhen)(zhen)领兴(xing)元、武定,而(er)以(yi)徐(xu)彦若为凤翔节度使,分(fen)果、阆(lang)州隶武定军(jun)。茂贞(zhen)(zhen)怨(yuan),不(bu)赴镇,上章(zhang)语(yu)悖慢(man)。又诒书让能(neng)诋(di)责,以(yi)为助守亮为乱(luan),抑忠臣,夺己功,其言丑肆。京(jing)师(shi)匈惧,日(ri)数千人守阙下,候中尉西门重遂出(chu),请(qing)与(yu)茂贞(zhen)(zhen)凤翔地,为百姓计(ji)。答曰:“事(shi)出(chu)宰相,我无预。”茂贞(zhen)(zhen)益怨(yuan)。帝(di)怒,诏(zhao)让能(neng)计(ji)议,且趣(qu)调发(fa),经月(yue)不(bu)就(jiu)第。

时宰相(xiang)崔昭(zhao)(zhao)纬阴(yin)结茂(mao)贞(zhen)及王行瑜,让能(neng)(neng)所(suo)(suo)言(yan)悉漏之(zhi)(zhi),茂(mao)贞(zhen)乃(nai)以健儿数百杂市人,候昭(zhao)(zhao)纬与郑延昌归(gui)第,拥肩舆噪曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“凤翔(xiang)无罪,幸公不(bu)(bu)加讨(tao)以震惊(jing)都辇!”昭(zhao)(zhao)纬曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“上(shang)委杜太尉(wei)(wei),吾等何知?”市人不(bu)(bu)识孰为太尉(wei)(wei),即投瓦石妄(wang)击(ji),昭(zhao)(zhao)纬等走而免,遂(sui)丧其印。帝(di)(di)愈(yu)怒,捕首恶诛(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。京师争避(bi)乱(luan),逃山谷间。让能(neng)(neng)谏帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“茂(mao)贞(zhen)固(gu)宜(yi)诛(zhu)(zhu),然大(da)盗适去,凤翔(xiang)国(guo)西门,又陛下新即位,愿少宽假,以贞(zhen)元故事姑息之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)使怨望。”帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“今诏(zhao)令(ling)不(bu)(bu)出城门,国(guo)制桡弱(ruo),贾生恸哭时也。朕顾奄奄度日,坐观此(ci)邪!卿为我图之(zhi)(zhi),朕自以兵属诸王。”让能(neng)(neng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“陛下欲削涤僭嫚,刚主威,隆王室,此(ci)中外大(da)臣所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)共成之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)专任臣。”帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿,元辅,休(xiu)戚与我均,何所(suo)(suo)避(bi)?”泣曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣位宰相(xiang),所(suo)(suo)以未乞骸骨者(zhe),思有以报陛下,敢计身乎!且陛下之(zhi)(zhi)心,宪祖(zu)心也,但时有所(suo)(suo)未便。它日臣蒙晁错(cuo)之(zhi)(zhi)诛(zhu)(zhu),顾不(bu)(bu)足弭(mi)七国(guo)患(huan),然敢不(bu)(bu)奉诏(zhao)!”

景福二年,以嗣覃(tan)王为招(zhao)讨使,神策(ce)将(jiang)李钅岁(sui)副之,率师三万送彦若赵镇。昭纬内畏有功,密语茂(mao)贞曰:“上不(bu)喜兵(bing),一出(chu)太尉。”茂(mao)贞乃悉兵(bing)迎战盩厔(zhi),覃(tan)王败(bai),乘胜至(zhi)三桥。让能曰:“臣(chen)固豫言之,臣(chen)请归死以纾难。”帝涕下不(bu)能已,曰:“与卿决矣!”再贬雷州司(si)户参(can)军。茂(mao)贞尚驻兵(bing)请必(bi)杀(sha)之,乃赐(ci)死,年五十三。

弟彦林,官御(yu)史中丞(cheng);弘徽(hui),户部侍郎,皆及(ji)诛。帝痛之,后赠太师。

子(zi)光乂,次子(zi)晓(xiao)(xiao),不复仕。晓(xiao)(xiao)入梁,贵显于世。

赞曰:太宗以(yi)(yi)上(shang)圣之(zhi)才(cai),取孤隋,攘群盗(dao),天(tian)下已平,用玄(xuan)龄(ling)、如晦辅政(zheng)。兴大乱之(zhi)余,纪纲(gang)雕弛,而(er)(er)能兴仆植僵(jiang),使(shi)号令典(dian)刑粲(can)然(ran)(ran)(ran)罔不完,虽数百年犹(you)蒙其(qi)功,可谓名宰(zai)相(xiang)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)求所以(yi)(yi)致之(zhi)之(zhi)迹,逮不可见(jian),何哉?唐柳(liu)芳(fang)有言(yan):“帝定祸乱,而(er)(er)房、杜(du)不言(yan)功;王、魏善谏,而(er)(er)房、杜(du)让其(qi)直;英、卫善兵,而(er)(er)房、杜(du)济以(yi)(yi)文。持(chi)众美效之(zhi)君。是后(hou),新进更用事(shi),玄(xuan)龄(ling)身处要地,不吝权,善始以(yi)(yi)终,此其(qi)成令名者(zhe)。”谅其(qi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)乎!如晦虽任事(shi)日浅(qian),观(guan)玄(xuan)龄(ling)许与及帝所亲款,则谟谋果(guo)有大过人(ren)者(zhe)。方君臣明良,志叶议从,相(xiang)资以(yi)(yi)成,固千(qian)载之(zhi)遇(yu),萧、曹(cao)之(zhi)勋(xun),不足进焉。虽然(ran)(ran)(ran),宰(zai)相(xiang)所以(yi)(yi)代天(tian)者(zhe)也(ye),辅赞弥(mi)缝而(er)(er)藏诸(zhu)用,使(shi)斯人(ren)由而(er)(er)不知,非明哲曷臻是哉?彼(bi)扬己取名,了然(ran)(ran)(ran)使(shi)户(hu)晓者(zhe),盖房、杜(du)之(zhi)细邪(xie)!

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