列传(chuan)第六十 哥舒高封
哥舒翰,其先盖突骑施酋长哥舒部之裔。父道元,为安西都护将军、赤水军使,故仍世居安西。翰少补效毂府果毅,家富于财,任侠重然诺,纵蒱酒长安市。年四十馀,遭父丧,不归。不为长安尉所礼,慨然发愤,游河西,事节度使王倕。倕攻新城,使翰经略,稍知名。又事王忠嗣,署衙将。翰能读《左氏春秋》、《汉书》,通大义。疏财,多施予,故士归心。为大斗军副使,佐安思顺,不相下。忠嗣更使讨吐蕃,副将倨见,翰怒,立杀之,麾下为股抃。迁左卫郎将。
吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)盗边,与翰(han)(han)遇苦拔海。吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)枝其军为(wei)三(san)行,从(cong)山(shan)差池(chi)下(xia)(xia),翰(han)(han)持半段枪(qiang)(qiang)迎(ying)击,所向(xiang)辄披(pi)靡,名(ming)盖军中。擢授右(you)武卫将军,副陇右(you)节度,为(wei)河源军使。先是,吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)候积(ji)石(shi)军麦熟,岁(sui)来取(qu),莫能禁。翰(han)(han)乃使王难得、杨景晖设伏(fu)东南谷。吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)以(yi)五(wu)(wu)千骑入塞,放(fang)马(ma)(ma)褫甲,将就田(tian),翰(han)(han)自(zi)城中驰至鏖斗,虏(lu)骇(hai)走,追(zhui)北,伏(fu)起(qi),悉杀之,只马(ma)(ma)无还(hai)者。翰(han)(han)尝逐(zhu)虏(lu),马(ma)(ma)惊,陷于河,吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)三(san)将欲刺翰(han)(han),翰(han)(han)大呼,皆(jie)拥矛不敢(gan)动,救(jiu)兵至,追(zhui)杀之。翰(han)(han)有奴曰左车(che),年十六,以(yi)膂力(li)闻。翰(han)(han)工用枪(qiang)(qiang),追(zhui)及贼,拟(ni)枪(qiang)(qiang)于肩,叱之,贼反顾,翰(han)(han)刺其喉(hou),剔而腾之,高五(wu)(wu)尺许,乃堕,左车(che)即下(xia)(xia)马(ma)(ma)斩其首,以(yi)为(wei)常。
会忠(zhong)(zhong)嗣(si)被罪(zui),帝召(zhao)翰(han)入(ru)朝,部将请赍(ji)(ji)金(jin)帛(bo)以救忠(zhong)(zhong)嗣(si),翰(han)但赍(ji)(ji)朴装,曰:“使吾计从,奚取于是?不(bu)行,用此足矣。”翰(han)至,帝虚心待,与(yu)语,异之,拜鸿胪卿,为陇(long)右节度副大使。翰(han)已谢,即极言忠(zhong)(zhong)嗣(si)之枉。帝起入(ru)禁中,翰(han)叩头从帝,且泣。帝寤,为末(mo)贷其(qi)罪(zui),忠(zhong)(zhong)嗣(si)不(bu)及诛。朝廷称其(qi)义。
逾年,筑神威(wei)军(jun)青(qing)海上,吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)攻(gong)破之。更筑于(yu)龙驹岛,有(you)白龙见(jian),因号应龙城。翰相其川原宜(yi)畜牧,谪罪人二千(qian)戍之,由是吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)不(bu)敢近青(qing)海。天宝(bao)八载,诏(zhao)翰以(yi)朔方、河东群(qun)牧兵十(shi)万攻(gong)吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)石堡城。数(shu)日未克(ke),翰怒,捽其将高秀岩(yan)、张守瑜,将斩(zhan)之。秀岩(yan)请三日期,如期而下。遂以(yi)赤岭为西塞,开屯田,备军(jun)实(shi)。加(jia)特进,赐赉弥渥。十(shi)一(yi)载,加(jia)开府仪同三司。
翰(han)素与安禄山、安思顺不(bu)平,帝每(mei)欲和(he)解之。会三人(ren)俱(ju)来朝,帝使骠骑大将军(jun)高力(li)士宴城东,翰(han)等皆集(ji)。诏(zhao)尚食生(sheng)击鹿,取血瀹肠为热洛河以(yi)赐(ci)之。翰(han)母(mu)(mu),于阗王(wang)女也(ye)。禄山谓(wei)翰(han)曰:“我(wo)父胡,母(mu)(mu)突厥(jue)(jue);公(gong)父突厥(jue)(jue),母(mu)(mu)胡。族类(lei)本同,安得不(bu)亲爱?”翰(han)曰:“谚言‘狐向(xiang)窟嗥,不(bu)祥’,以(yi)忘(wang)本也(ye)。兄(xiong)既见爱,敢不(bu)尽心(xin)。”禄山以(yi)翰(han)讥其胡,怒骂曰:“突厥(jue)(jue)敢尔(er)!”翰(han)欲应之,力(li)士目(mu)翰(han),翰(han)托(tuo)醉去。
久之,进(jin)封(feng)凉国公,兼河西节度使(shi)。攻破吐蕃洪济、大莫门等城,收黄河九曲,以(yi)其地置洮阳(yang)郡(jun),筑神策、宛秀二(er)军。进(jin)封(feng)西平(ping)郡(jun)王,赐(ci)音乐(le)、田园,又(you)赐(ci)一子五品官(guan),裨(bi)将赏(shang)拜有差。宰相杨国忠恶禄山,白发其反状,故(gu)厚结(jie)翰(han)。俄进(jin)太子少保。翰(han)耆酒,极声色(se),因风痹,体(ti)不仁。既疾废,遂还京师,阖门不朝请。
十四载(zai),禄山反(fan),封(feng)常(chang)清以(yi)(yi)王(wang)师败(bai)。帝(di)乃召见(jian)翰,拜太子先锋兵马元帅,以(yi)(yi)田(tian)良丘为(wei)军司(si)马,萧昕为(wei)判官,王(wang)思礼(li)、钳耳大福(fu)、李(li)承光(guang)、高元荡、苏法鼎、管(guan)崇(chong)嗣为(wei)属(shu)将,火拔归(gui)仁、李(li)武定、浑萼、契苾宁以(yi)(yi)本部隶麾下(xia)(xia),凡河、陇、朔方(fang)、奴刺等十二(er)部兵二(er)十万守潼关。师始(shi)东,先驱(qu)牙旗触门(men),堕注旄,干折,众恶之(zhi)。天子御勤政(zheng)楼临送,诏翰以(yi)(yi)军行,过门(men)毋下(xia)(xia),百官郊饯,旌旗亘二(er)百里。翰惶(huang)恐,数(shu)以(yi)(yi)疾自(zi)言(yan),帝(di)不听。然病(bing)痼不能事(shi),以(yi)(yi)军政(zheng)委良丘,使(shi)王(wang)思礼(li)主(zhu)骑,李(li)承光(guang)主(zhu)步(bu)。三(san)人争长,政(zheng)令无所统一,众携弛,无斗意。明年,进(jin)拜尚(shang)书左仆射(she)、同中书门(men)下(xia)(xia)平章(zhang)事(shi)。禄山遣子庆绪(xu)攻关,翰击走之(zhi)。
始(shi),安思(si)(si)顺(shun)度禄(lu)(lu)山(shan)必反,尝(chang)为(wei)帝(di)(di)言(yan),得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)坐。翰(han)既恶禄(lu)(lu)山(shan),又怨思(si)(si)顺(shun)。及是(shi),知重(zhong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)在己,有所论请,天(tian)子重(zhong)违,因(yin)伪为(wei)贼书遗(yi)思(si)(si)顺(shun)者(zhe)(zhe),使关(guan)逻禽以(yi)(yi)献。翰(han)因(yin)疏七罪,请诛(zhu)之(zhi)。有诏思(si)(si)顺(shun)及弟元贞(zhen)皆(jie)赐死,徙放(fang)其家。国(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)惧。或说翰(han)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“禄(lu)(lu)山(shan)本(ben)以(yi)(yi)诛(zhu)国(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)故称(cheng)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),今若留卒三万守关(guan),悉精锐度浐水诛(zhu)君侧(ce),此汉(han)挫七国(guo)计(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)。”思(si)(si)礼亦劝翰(han)。翰(han)犹(you)豫未发,谋颇(po)露(lu)。国(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)大(da)骇,入(ru)见(jian)帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“兵(bing)(bing)(bing)法,安不(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)危(wei)。大(da)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)在潼关(guan)而无(wu)(wu)后(hou)殿(dian),万有一不(bu)(bu)(bu)利,京师(shi)危(wei)矣。”即(ji)募(mu)牧(mu)儿(er)三千人,日夜训(xun)练,以(yi)(yi)剑南列(lie)将分统之(zhi)。又募(mu)万人屯灞上(shang)(shang),使腹心(xin)杜(du)乾(qian)运(yun)为(wei)帅。翰(han)疑图己,表(biao)请乾(qian)运(yun)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)隶节下,因(yin)诡召乾(qian)运(yun)计(ji)(ji)(ji)事者(zhe)(zhe),至军,即(ji)斩首枭牙门,并(bing)其军。国(guo)忠(zhong)(zhong)愈(yu)恐,谓其子曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾无(wu)(wu)死所矣!”然翰(han)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)安,又谋久不(bu)(bu)(bu)决。数奏言(yan):“禄(lu)(lu)山(shan)虽窃据河朔,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)人心(xin),请持重(zhong)以(yi)(yi)敝(bi)之(zhi),待其离隙(xi),可不(bu)(bu)(bu)血刃而禽。”贼将崔(cui)乾(qian)祐守陕郡,仆旗鼓(gu),羸(lei)师(shi)以(yi)(yi)诱战。觇者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“贼无(wu)(wu)备,可图也(ye)。”帝(di)(di)信之(zhi),诏翰(han)进讨。翰(han)报曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“禄(lu)(lu)山(shan)习用兵(bing)(bing)(bing),今始(shi)为(wei)逆,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能无(wu)(wu)备,是(shi)阴计(ji)(ji)(ji)诱我。贼远来,利在速(su)战。王师(shi)坚守,毋(wu)轻出关(guan),计(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)也(ye)。且四方兵(bing)(bing)(bing)未集(ji),宜观事势(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)必速(su)。”
当是时,禄山虽盗(dao)河(he)、洛(luo)(luo)(luo),所过残杀,人(ren)人(ren)怨之,淹(yan)时月不(bu)能进(jin)尺寸(cun)地。又郭子仪、李(li)光弼(bi)兵益(yi)进(jin),取常(chang)山十数郡。禄山始悔(hui)反矣(yi),将还幽(you)州以(yi)自固。而(er)国忠(zhong)计迫,谬(miu)说帝(di)趣(qu)翰(han)出潼关(guan)(guan)复陕、洛(luo)(luo)(luo)。时子仪、光弼(bi)遥计曰(yue):“翰(han)病且耄,贼(zei)素知之,诸军(jun)乌合不(bu)足战。今(jin)贼(zei)悉锐兵南破(po)宛、洛(luo)(luo)(luo),而(er)以(yi)余众守幽(you)州,吾直捣之,覆其(qi)巢窟(ku),质叛族(zu)以(yi)招(zhao)逆徒(tu),禄山之首可致。若师(shi)(shi)出潼关(guan)(guan),变生京师(shi)(shi),天下怠矣(yi)。”乃极言(yan)请翰(han)固关(guan)(guan)无(wu)(wu)出军(jun)。而(er)帝(di)入国忠(zhong)之言(yan),使(shi)使(shi)者趣(qu)战,项(xiang)背(bei)相望(wang)也。翰(han)窘不(bu)知所出。六月,引而(er)东(dong),恸哭出关(guan)(guan),次灵宝西(xi)原,与乾祐(you)战。由关(guan)(guan)门七(qi)十里,道险隘,其(qi)南薄山,北阻河(he),贼(zei)以(yi)数千人(ren)先伏险。翰(han)浮舟中流以(yi)观(guan)军(jun),谓(wei)乾祐(you)兵寡,易之,促士(shi)卒进(jin),道岨无(wu)(wu)行(xing)列(lie)。贼(zei)乘(cheng)高(gao)颓石下击(ji),杀士(shi)甚(shen)众。翰(han)与良丘登北阜,以(yi)军(jun)三万(wan)夹河(he)鸣鼓,思(si)礼等(deng)以(yi)精(jing)卒居前,余军(jun)十万(wan)次之。乾祐(you)为阵(zhen),十十五(wu)五(wu),或(huo)却或(huo)进(jin),而(er)陌刀五(wu)千列(lie)阵(zhen)后。王师(shi)(shi)视其(qi)阵(zhen)无(wu)(wu)法,指观(guan)嗤笑(xiao),曰(yue):“禽贼(zei)乃会食。”
及战(zhan),乾祐旗少偃(yan),如欲遁者,王师懈(xie),不为备(bei)。伏忽(hu)起薄战(zhan),皆奋死斗(dou)。翰以(yi)氈蒙(meng)马(ma)车,画龙虎,饰金银爪目,将骇贼,掎(ji)戈(ge)矢逐北(bei)。贼负(fu)薪塞路,顺风火其车,熛焱炽突,腾烟如夜,士不复相辨,自(zi)相斗(dou)杀,尸血狼籍,久乃悟。又弃甲奔山谷及陷(xian)河死者十一(yi)二。有粮艘百(bai)余(yu),军(jun)争济,艘辄沉,至缚(fu)矛盾(dun)乘以(yi)度(du),喧叫振天地(di)。贼乘之,奔溃略尽。始,斗(dou)门有三堑,广(guang)二丈,深一(yi)丈,士马(ma)奔籥相压(ya)迮(ze),少选堑平,后至者践(jian)之以(yi)入。
既败(bai),翰(han)(han)(han)引数百骑(qi)绝河(he)还营,羸(lei)兵裁八千,至(zhi)潼津,收散卒复守(shou)关。乾祐进攻,于是火拔归(gui)仁(ren)等(deng)绐翰(han)(han)(han)出关,翰(han)(han)(han)曰(yue):“何(he)邪(xie)?”曰(yue):“公以(yi)二十万众,一(yi)日覆没,持(chi)是安归(gui)?公不(bu)(bu)见高仙芝等(deng)事乎(hu)?”翰(han)(han)(han)曰(yue):“吾宁效仙芝死(si),汝(ru)舍我。”归(gui)仁(ren)不(bu)(bu)从,执以(yi)降贼,械送洛阳,京师震动,由是天子西幸(xing)。禄山(shan)见翰(han)(han)(han)责曰(yue):“汝(ru)常易我,今(jin)何(he)如?”翰(han)(han)(han)俯(fu)伏谢罪曰(yue):“陛下拨(bo)乱主。今(jin)天下未平(ping),李光弼在(zai)土门,来瑱在(zai)河(he)南(nan),鲁(lu)炅在(zai)南(nan)阳,臣为陛下以(yi)尺(chi)书(shu)招之,三面可(ke)平(ping)。”禄山(shan)悦,即署(shu)司空、同中书(shu)门下平(ping)章(zhang)事。执火拔归(gui)仁(ren),曰(yue):“背主忘(wang)义,吾不(bu)(bu)尔(er)容。”斩之。翰(han)(han)(han)以(yi)书(shu)招诸将,诸将皆让(rang)翰(han)(han)(han)不(bu)(bu)死(si)节(jie)。禄山(shan)知事不(bu)(bu)可(ke)就,囚(qiu)之。东京平(ping),安庆绪(xu)以(yi)翰(han)(han)(han)度河(he)。及败(bai),乃(nai)杀之。
翰(han)为人(ren)严,少(shao)恩。军(jun)行未尝恤士饥寒,有啗民椹(shen)者(zhe),痛(tong)笞辱之。监军(jun)李大宜在(zai)军(jun)中(zhong),不治(zhi)事,与将士樗蒱、饮(yin)酒、弹(dan)箜篌琵琶(pa)为乐,而士米(mi)籺不餍(yan)。帝令(ling)中(zhong)人(ren)袁(yuan)思艺(yi)劳师,士皆诉衣服穿空,帝即斥御服余者(zhe),制袍十万以赐(ci)其军(jun),翰(han)藏(zang)库中(zhong),及败,封鐍如故(gu)。
先(xian)是(shi),有客梁慎初遗(yi)翰(han)(han)(han)书,请壁(bi)勿战以屈贼,翰(han)(han)(han)善之,奏(zou)为(wei)左武卫胄曹参军,留(liu)幕(mu)府。及翰(han)(han)(han)与国忠(zhong)贰,慎初曰:“难将作矣。”乃(nai)遁去。翰(han)(han)(han)失守,华阴、冯(feng)翊、上洛郡官吏皆溃(kui)。帝遣剑南将刘光庭等(deng)将新募兵万余人(ren)往助翰(han)(han)(han),未至而(er)翰(han)(han)(han)被缚云。其后赠太尉,谥曰武愍(min)。
子(zi)曜,字(zi)子(zi)明(ming)。八岁(sui),玄(xuan)宗(zong)召见华清宫,擢尚辇奉御(yu)。累(lei)迁光禄卿(qing)(qing)(qing)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)翰(han)陷(xian)(xian)(xian)贼,哀愤号恸,故吏裴冕、杜鸿渐等见之叹息(xi)。李光弼(bi)讨河北,曜请(qing)行(xing),拜(bai)鸿胪(lu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing),为(wei)(wei)光弼(bi)副。降安(an)太清、救(jiu)宋州(zhou)有(you)(you)功,改殿中监,袭(xi)封(feng),为(wei)(wei)东(dong)(dong)都镇守(shou)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)马使。德(de)宗(zong)立,召为(wei)(wei)左(zuo)龙(long)武大将军。李希(xi)(xi)烈(lie)陷(xian)(xian)(xian)汝(ru)州(zhou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周晃为(wei)(wei)伪刺史。诏(zhao)(zhao)拜(bai)曜东(dong)(dong)都、汝(ru)州(zhou)行(xing)营节度(du)使,将凤翔、邠宁(ning)、泾原、奉天、好畦兵(bing)(bing)(bing)万人(ren)讨希(xi)(xi)烈(lie)。帝(di)(di)召见,问曰:“卿(qing)(qing)(qing)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)孰与父贤?”对(dui)曰:“先臣,安(an)敢比。但斩长蛇,殪(yi)封(feng)豕,然后待罪私室,臣之愿也(ye)。”帝(di)(di)曰:“尔(er)父在开元(yuan)时(shi),朝廷(ting)无西(xi)忧(you);今朕得卿(qing)(qing)(qing),亦不(bu)(bu)东(dong)(dong)虑(lv)。”及行(xing),帝(di)(di)祖通化门。是(shi)日,牙干折。时(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)翰(han)出(chu)师(shi)已如(ru)此(ci),而(er)(er)斩持(chi)旗(qi)者,卒(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)败,今曜复尔(er),人(ren)忧(you)之。曜击贼,收汝(ru)州(zhou),禽晃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献,斩其将二(er)人(ren)。希(xi)(xi)烈(lie)退(tui)保许(xu)州(zhou)。诏(zhao)(zhao)城(cheng)(cheng)襄(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng),曜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)疲(pi)人(ren)版筑不(bu)(bu)如(ru)按甲(jia)持(chi)重(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)挫之,帝(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)许(xu)。有(you)(you)诏(zhao)(zhao)督战(zhan)。曜进次颍桥,雷震(zhen)军中七(qi)马毙,曜惧,还(hai)屯襄(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)。希(xi)(xi)烈(lie)遣众万人(ren)纵(zong)火攻栅,殪(yi)人(ren)于堑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薄(bo)垒,曜苦战(zhan)破之。居数月,希(xi)(xi)烈(lie)自率兵(bing)(bing)(bing)三万围曜,筑甬道属城(cheng)(cheng),矢集(ji)如(ru)雨。帝(di)(di)遣神策(ce)将刘德(de)信(xin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)三千援之,又诏(zhao)(zhao)河南(nan)都统(tong)李勉(mian)(mian)出(chu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)相(xiang)掎角。勉(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“希(xi)(xi)烈(lie)在外,许(xu)守(shou)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)少,乘虚袭(xi)之,希(xi)(xi)烈(lie)自解”,乃(nai)遣部将与德(de)信(xin)趋许(xu),未(wei)至,有(you)(you)诏(zhao)(zhao)切(qie)让,使班师(shi)。德(de)信(xin)等惶(huang)惑(huo)还(hai),军无斥候(hou),至扈涧,为(wei)(wei)贼设伏诡击,死者殆半,器械辎重(zhong)皆亡(wang)。德(de)信(xin)走(zou)汝(ru)州(zhou)。勉(mian)(mian)恐东(dong)(dong)都危,使将李坚(jian)华以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)四千往守(shou),贼梗(geng)道,不(bu)(bu)得入。汴兵(bing)(bing)(bing)沮,襄(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)围益急。帝(di)(di)乃(nai)诏(zhao)(zhao)普王以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)荆(jing)、襄(xiang)、江西(xi)、鄂(e)、沔(mian)之师(shi)讨蔡(cai)州(zhou),诏(zhao)(zhao)泾原节度(du)使姚(yao)令言救(jiu)襄(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)。未(wei)行(xing),京师(shi)乱,帝(di)(di)幸奉天。襄(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)陷(xian)(xian)(xian),曜走(zou)洛(luo)阳。会母丧(sang),夺为(wei)(wei)东(dong)(dong)都畿、汝(ru)节度(du)使。迁河南(nan)尹(yin)。曜拙于统(tong)御(yu),而(er)(er)锐杀戮,士畏(wei)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)怀。贞元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian),部将叛,夜焚河南(nan)门,曜挺身(shen)免(mian)。帝(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)汴州(zhou)刺史薛珏代之,召入为(wei)(wei)鸿胪(lu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)。终右骁卫(wei)上(shang)将军,赠幽州(zhou)大都督。子(zi)七(qi)人(ren),俱(ju)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)儒闻。峘,茂才高第,有(you)(you)节概。崿、嵫、屺皆明(ming)经(jing)擢第。
高仙(xian)芝(zhi),高丽人(ren)。父(fu)(fu)舍鸡(ji),初以(yi)将军(jun)隶河西军(jun),为四镇校(xiao)将。仙(xian)芝(zhi)年二十(shi)馀(yu),从(cong)至安西,以(yi)父(fu)(fu)功补游击(ji)将军(jun)。数年,父(fu)(fu)子(zi)并班(ban)。仙(xian)芝(zhi)美姿质,善骑(qi)射,父(fu)(fu)犹以(yi)其儒缓忧(you)之。初事节度使(shi)田仁琬、盖嘉(jia)运等,不甚知名。后事夫(fu)蒙(meng)灵(ling)察(cha),乃善遇之。开元末,表为安西副都护(hu)、四镇都知兵马使(shi)。
小(xiao)勃(bo)律(lv),其王为吐蕃(fan)所诱,妻以(yi)女,故西(xi)北(bei)二十馀国(guo)皆(jie)羁属(shu)吐蕃(fan)。自(zi)仁琬(wan)以(yi)来三(san)(san)讨(tao)之,皆(jie)无功(gong)。天宝六载,诏仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)步(bu)(bu)骑一万出(chu)讨(tao)。是时步(bu)(bu)兵皆(jie)有私(si)马自(zi)随(sui),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)自(zi)安西(xi)过(guo)拨(bo)换城,入(ru)(ru)握瑟德(de),经疏(shu)勒,登葱岭(ling),涉(she)(she)播密川(chuan)(chuan),遂(sui)顿特勒满(man)川(chuan)(chuan),行(xing)凡(fan)百日(ri)。特勒满(man)川(chuan)(chuan),即五识匿国(guo)也。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)分军为三(san)(san),使疏(shu)勒赵崇玼(ci)自(zi)北(bei)谷道(dao)、拨(bo)换贾崇瓘祐(you)自(zi)赤(chi)佛(fo)道(dao)、仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)与监(jian)军边令诚(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)护蜜俱入(ru)(ru),约会(hui)连云(yun)堡。堡有兵千(qian)(qian)馀。城南因山为栅(zha),兵九千(qian)(qian)守(shou)之。城下(xia)(xia)据婆(po)勒川(chuan)(chuan)。会(hui)川(chuan)(chuan)涨,不得度,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)杀牲祭(ji)川(chuan)(chuan),命士人(ren)赍(ji)三(san)(san)日(ri)备集水涯,士不甚信。既(ji)涉(she)(she),旗不沾,鞯不濡。兵已成(cheng)列,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)喜,告令诚(cheng)(cheng)曰:“向吾(wu)方涉(she)(she),贼(zei)击我(wo)(wo)(wo),我(wo)(wo)(wo)无类矣。今既(ji)济而阵(zhen),天以(yi)贼(zei)赐我(wo)(wo)(wo)也。”遂(sui)登山挑战,日(ri)未中,破(po)之。拔其城,斩五千(qian)(qian)级,生禽千(qian)(qian)人(ren),马千(qian)(qian)馀匹,衣资器甲数(shu)万计。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)欲遂(sui)深入(ru)(ru),令诚(cheng)(cheng)惧,不肯行(xing)。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)羸弱三(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)使守(shou),遂(sui)引师行(xing)。三(san)(san)日(ri),过(guo)坦(tan)驹岭(ling),岭(ling)峻(jun)绝,下(xia)(xia)四(si)十里。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)恐(kong)士惮险不敢进,乃(nai)潜遣(qian)二十骑,衣阿(a)弩(nu)越(yue)胡服来迎,先语部(bu)校(xiao)曰:“阿(a)弩(nu)越(yue)胡来迎,我(wo)(wo)(wo)无虑矣。”既(ji)至(zhi),士不肯下(xia)(xia),曰:“公驱我(wo)(wo)(wo)何去?”会(hui)二十人(ren)至(zhi),曰:“阿(a)努越(yue)胡来迎,已数(shu)娑夷桥矣。”仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)即阳(yang)喜,令士尽(jin)下(xia)(xia)。娑夷河(he),弱水也。既(ji)行(xing)三(san)(san)日(ri),越(yue)胡来迎。明日(ri),至(zhi)阿(a)弩(nu)越(yue)城。遣(qian)将军席(xi)元庆以(yi)精骑一千(qian)(qian)先往,谓小(xiao)勃(bo)律(lv)王曰:“不窥若城,吾(wu)假(jia)道(dao)趋(qu)大(da)(da)勃(bo)律(lv)耳。”城中大(da)(da)酋领(ling)皆(jie)吐蕃(fan)腹(fu)心,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)密令元庆曰:“若酋领(ling)逃者,弟出(chu)诏书(shu)呼之,赐以(yi)缯彩,至(zhi),皆(jie)缚以(yi)待我(wo)(wo)(wo)。。”元庆如言。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi),悉斩之。王及妻逃山穴,不可得,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)招喻,乃(nai)出(chu)降,因平其国(guo)。急遣(qian)元庆断娑夷桥,其暮,吐蕃(fan)至(zhi),不克度。桥长度一箭所及者,功(gong)一岁乃(nai)成(cheng)。八月,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)小(xiao)勃(bo)律(lv)王及妻自(zi)赤(chi)佛(fo)道(dao)还连云(yun)堡,与令诚(cheng)(cheng)俱班(ban)师。于是拂菻、大(da)(da)食诸胡七(qi)十二国(guo)皆(jie)震慑降附(fu)。
仙芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遣判官(guan)(guan)王(wang)庭芬(fen)奏(zou)捷京师。军至河西,灵(ling)(ling)察怒,不(bu)迎劳。既(ji)见(jian),骂曰:“高丽(li)奴(nu),于(yu)阗使(shi)尔何从(cong)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”仙芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惧,且谢曰:“中丞力(li)也(ye)。”又曰:“焉耆镇(zhen)(zhen)守使(shi)、安西副都(dou)(dou)护、都(dou)(dou)知兵马(ma)使(shi),皆何从(cong)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”答(da)曰:“亦中丞力(li)也(ye)。”灵(ling)(ling)察曰:“审若此,捷书不(bu)待我而敢即奏(zou),何邪(xie)?奴(nu)当(dang)斩,顾新立功,故(gu)贷尔。”仙芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)知所为。令诚密言状于(yu)朝(chao),且曰:“仙芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立功而以忧死,后孰为朝(chao)廷(ting)用(yong)者(zhe)?”帝乃擢仙芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鸿胪卿、假御史中丞,代(dai)灵(ling)(ling)察为四镇(zhen)(zhen)节度使(shi),而诏灵(ling)(ling)察还(hai),灵(ling)(ling)察惧。仙芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)夕见(jian),辄趋走,灵(ling)(ling)察益(yi)惭。副都(dou)(dou)护程千(qian)(qian)里、衙将(jiang)毕思琛、行官(guan)(guan)王(wang)滔康怀(huai)顺陈奉(feng)忠等(deng)皆尝谮仙芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)灵(ling)(ling)察者(zhe)。既(ji)视事,呼千(qian)(qian)里嫚(man)骂曰:“公(gong)面虽男儿,而心(xin)似(si)妇女,何邪(xie)?”谓琛曰:“尔夺吾(wu)(wu)城东千(qian)(qian)石种田,忆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎?”对曰:“公(gong)见(jian)赐(ci)者(zhe)。”仙芝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“尔时吾(wu)(wu)畏汝(ru)威,岂怜汝(ru)而赐(ci)邪(xie)?”又召(zhao)滔,欲(yu)捽辱(ru)。良久,皆释,曰:“吾(wu)(wu)不(bu)恨矣(yi)。”由是举军安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。俄(e)加左金(jin)吾(wu)(wu)卫大将(jiang)军,与一子五品官(guan)(guan)。
九载,讨石国,其王(wang)车鼻(bi)施约(yue)降,仙芝(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)俘献阙下,斩之,由是西(xi)域不(bu)服。其王(wang)子(zi)走(zou)大(da)食,乞兵(bing)攻仙芝(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)怛(da)逻(luo)斯城,以直(zhi)其冤(yuan)。仙芝(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)人贪,破石,获瑟瑟十馀(yu)斛、黄金五(wu)六橐驼(tuo)、良马(ma)宝玉(yu)甚(shen)众,家赀累钜万。然亦不(bu)甚(shen)爱惜,人有求(qiu)辄与(yu),不(bu)问几(ji)何。寻除武威(wei)太守,代安思顺(shun)为(wei)河(he)西(xi)节(jie)度(du)使,群胡固留思顺(shun),更拜右(you)羽林(lin)军大(da)将军,封(feng)密(mi)云郡公。禄山反,荣(rong)王(wang)为(wei)元帅(shuai),仙芝(zhi)(zhi)副之,领飞骑(qi)、彍骑(qi)及朔方等兵(bing),出禁(jin)财募关辅(fu)士五(wu)万,继封(feng)常清东讨。帝(di)御(yu)勤(qin)政(zheng)楼,引荣(rong)王(wang)受命,宴仙芝(zhi)(zhi)以下。帝(di)又(you)幸(xing)望春(chun)亭劳遣,诏(zhao)监门将军边(bian)令诚监军。次陕郡,而常清败还(hai)。仙芝(zhi)(zhi)急,乃(nai)开太原仓,悉以所(suo)有赐士卒,焚其馀(yu),引兵(bing)趋潼关。会贼(zei)至(zhi),甲仗资(zi)粮委(wei)于(yu)道(dao),弥数百里。既至(zhi)关,勒兵(bing)缮守具,士气稍稍复振。贼(zei)攻关不(bu)得入,乃(nai)引还(hai)。
初,令(ling)诚(cheng)(cheng)数私于(yu)仙(xian)芝(zhi),仙(xian)芝(zhi)不(bu)应,因言(yan)其(qi)逗挠状以(yi)激帝(di),且云:“常清(qing)以(yi)贼摇众,而仙(xian)芝(zhi)弃(qi)陕地数百里,朘盗(dao)禀赐。”帝(di)大(da)怒(nu),使令(ling)诚(cheng)(cheng)即(ji)军中斩(zhan)之(zhi)。令(ling)诚(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)斩(zhan)常清(qing),陈尸(shi)(shi)于(yu)蘧祼。仙(xian)芝(zhi)自(zi)外至(zhi),令(ling)诚(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)陌刀百人自(zi)从,曰:’大(da)夫(fu)亦有(you)命。”仙(xian)芝(zhi)遽下,曰:“我(wo)退,罪(zui)也(ye),死不(bu)敢辞。然以(yi)我(wo)为盗(dao)颉资粮,诬也(ye)。”谓令(ling)诚(cheng)(cheng)曰:“上天下地,三军皆(jie)在,君岂(qi)(qi)不(bu)知(zhi)?”又顾麾下曰:“我(wo)募若辈,本(ben)欲破贼取重赏,而贼势方锐(rui),故迁延至(zhi)此,亦以(yi)固(gu)关也(ye)。我(wo)有(you)罪(zui),若辈可言(yan);不(bu)尔,当呼枉(wang)。”军中咸呼曰:“枉(wang)!”其(qi)声殷(yin)地。仙(xian)芝(zhi)视常清(qing)尸(shi)(shi)曰:“公,我(wo)所引拔,又代吾为节度,今与公同(tong)死,岂(qi)(qi)命欤!”遂就死。
封常(chang)清(qing),蒲州(zhou)猗(yi)氏人。外(wai)祖教之读书,多所该究。然孤(gu)贫,年过三十,未有(you)名。夫蒙灵察为(wei)四镇节(jie)度使,以(yi)高仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)都知兵马使。尝出(chu)军,奏傔从三十馀人,衣褷鲜明,常(chang)清(qing)慨然投牒(die)请豫。常(chang)清(qing)素瘠(ji),又脚跛,仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)陋其貌,不(bu)纳(na)。明日复至,仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)谢曰(yue):“傔已足(zu),何(he)庸复来?”常(chang)清(qing)怒曰(yue):“我慕公(gong)义,愿(yuan)事鞭靮,故(gu)无媒自前,公(gong)何(he)见(jian)拒深乎?以(yi)貌取士,恐失之子(zi)羽。公(gong)其念之。”仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)犹未纳(na),乃日候门下,仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)得已,窜名傔中。
会达(da)奚诸部叛(pan),自(zi)黑山西(xi)(xi)(xi)趣碎叶,有(you)诏邀击(ji)。灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)使仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二千骑(qi)追蹑。达(da)奚行远(yuan),人(ren)马(ma)(ma)疲,禽馘略尽(jin)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)于(yu)(yu)幕下(xia)潜作捷(jie)布,具记井(jing)泉次舍、克贼形势谋略,条最明(ming)审。仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)取读之,皆(jie)意所欲出,乃大(da)骇,即用之。军(jun)还,灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)迎(ying)劳(lao),仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)已去奴(nu)袜(wa)带刀,而(er)判官(guan)刘眺(tiao)、独孤峻(jun)争问(wen):“向捷(jie)布谁作者?公(gong)(gong)幕下(xia)安得此人(ren)?”答曰:“吾傔封常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)也(ye)。”眺(tiao)等(deng)惊(jing),进揖常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)坐,与语,异之,遂知(zhi)名。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)授叠州戍主(zhu),仍为判官(guan)。仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)破小(xiao)勃(bo)律,代(dai)灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)为安西(xi)(xi)(xi)节(jie)(jie)(jie)度使,常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)从战有(you)劳(lao),擢庆王府(fu)录事(shi)参军(jun)事(shi),为节(jie)(jie)(jie)度判官(guan)。仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)征讨,常(chang)(chang)(chang)知(zhi)后务(wu)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)才而(er)果,胸(xiong)无(wu)疑事(shi)。仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)委家事(shi)于(yu)(yu)郎(lang)将(jiang)郑(zheng)德(de)诠(quan),其乳(ru)母子也(ye),威动军(jun)中。常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)尝自(zi)外还,诸将(jiang)前(qian)谒。德(de)诠(quan)见(jian)常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)始贵,易之,走马(ma)(ma)突(tu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)驺士去。常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)命左右引德(de)诠(quan)至(zhi)廷中,门(men)辄闭,因(yin)离席曰:“吾起细微,中丞公(gong)(gong)过听,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)留事(shi),郎(lang)将(jiang)安得无(wu)礼?”因(yin)叱曰:“须暂(zan)假郎(lang)将(jiang)死,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)肃(su)吾军(jun)。”因(yin)杖死,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)面(mian)仆(pu)地曳出之。仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)妻及(ji)乳(ru)母哭门(men)外救请,不(bu)(bu)能得,遽(ju)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)状白仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi),仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)惊(jing),及(ji)见(jian)常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing),惮其公(gong)(gong),不(bu)(bu)敢让。常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)谢。会大(da)将(jiang)有(you)罪,又(you)杀二人(ren),军(jun)中莫不(bu)(bu)股(gu)栗。仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)(jie)(jie)度河西(xi)(xi)(xi),复(fu)请为判官(guan)。久之,擢安西(xi)(xi)(xi)副(fu)大(da)都(dou)护、安西(xi)(xi)(xi)四(si)镇节(jie)(jie)(jie)度副(fu)大(da)使,知(zhi)节(jie)(jie)(jie)度事(shi)。未几,改北(bei)庭都(dou)护,持节(jie)(jie)(jie)伊西(xi)(xi)(xi)节(jie)(jie)(jie)度使。常(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)(qing)性(xing)勤俭,耐(nai)劳(lao)苦(ku),出军(jun)乘骡,私厩裁二马(ma)(ma),赏(shang)罚分明(ming)。
天(tian)(tian)宝末入(ru)朝(chao),而安禄(lu)山反,帝(di)引见,问何策以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讨贼。常清(qing)见帝(di)忧,因大(da)(da)言曰:“天(tian)(tian)下太平久,人(ren)不(bu)(bu)知战(zhan)。然事有逆顺,势有奇变,臣请驰至(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)京,悉府库募骁勇,挑马箠度(du)(du)(du)河,计日取逆胡首以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)阙下。”天(tian)(tian)子(zi)壮之(zhi)(zhi)。明日,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常清(qing)为范阳(yang)节度(du)(du)(du)副大(da)(da)使,乘驿赴东(dong)京。常清(qing)募兵(bing)得六万(wan)人(ren),然皆市井庸保(bao),乃(nai)部分旗帜,断河阳(yang)桥以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)守(shou)(shou)。贼移(yi)书平原,令太守(shou)(shou)颜真卿(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)七(qi)千防河。真卿(qing)(qing)驰使司兵(bing)参军事李平入(ru)奏。常清(qing)取平表发(fa)视,即(ji)倚帐作书遗真卿(qing)(qing),劝坚守(shou)(shou),且(qie)传购禄(lu)山檄数十函与之(zhi)(zhi),真卿(qing)(qing)得,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分晓诸郡(jun)。禄(lu)山度(du)(du)(du)河,陷荥(ying)阳(yang),入(ru)罂(ying)子(zi)谷(gu),先驱至(zhi)(zhi)葵园。常清(qing)使骁骑拒之(zhi)(zhi),杀拓羯数十百人(ren)。贼大(da)(da)军至(zhi)(zhi),常清(qing)不(bu)(bu)能御,退(tui)入(ru)上东(dong)门(men)(men),战(zhan)不(bu)(bu)利(li)。贼鼓而进,劫官吏(li)。再战(zhan)于都亭驿,又不(bu)(bu)胜,引兵(bing)守(shou)(shou)宣仁门(men)(men),复败。乃(nai)自提象(xiang)门(men)(men)出,伐大(da)(da)木塞道以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殿(dian),至(zhi)(zhi)谷(gu)水(shui),西奔(ben)陕。语(yu)高仙芝曰:“贼锐甚,难与争锋。潼关(guan)无兵(bing),一夫奔(ben)突则京师危(wei),不(bu)(bu)如急守(shou)(shou)潼关(guan)。”仙芝从之(zhi)(zhi)。
败书闻(wen),帝(di)削常清官,使(shi)白(bai)衣隶仙芝军(jun)效力。仙芝使(shi)衣黑衣监(jian)左右部军(jun)。及边令(ling)诚(cheng)以(yi)诏书至(zhi),示(shi)之,常清曰(yue):“吾所以(yi)不死者,恐污国(guo)家(jia)节,受戮(lu)贼手。今死乃甘心。”
始,常清败,径入关,欲见上陈讨贼事。至(zhi)(zhi)渭南,有诏赴(fu)潼(tong)关。常清忧惧(ju),为表(biao)以(yi)谢,且言:“自(zi)东京陷,三遣使表(biao)论成(cheng)败,不得(de)对。”又言:“臣死后,望陛下无轻此贼,则(ze)社(she)稷安。”至(zhi)(zhi)是临(lin)刑,以(yi)表(biao)授(shou)令诚而死。人多哀(ai)之。
赞曰(yue):禄山裒百斗骁虏,乘天下忘战,主德耄勤,故提戈内噪,人情崩溃。常清(qing)乃驱市人数万以婴贼(zei)锋,一战不胜,即夺爵土。欲入关见天子论(lun)成败(bai)事,使(shi)者(zhe)三辈上书(shu),皆不报,回(hui)斩于军。仙(xian)芝弃陕守关,遏贼(zei)西(xi)势(shi),以丧地被诛。玄宗虽为左右蒙(meng)瞽,然荒夺其(qi)明亦甚(shen)矣。卒使(shi)叛将得借口(kou),执翰以降贼(zei)。呜呼,非天熟其(qi)恶(e),使(shi)乱(luan)四海,举黔首(shou)而残之邪(xie)!彼(bi)二将奚诛焉?
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