列传第一百一 韩愈
韩愈,字退之,邓州南阳人。七世祖茂,有功于后魏,封安定王。父仲卿,为武昌令,有美政,既去,县人刻石颂德。终秘书郎。愈生三岁而孤,随伯兄会贬官岭表。会卒,嫂郑鞠之。愈自知读书,日记数千百言,比长,尽能通《六经》、百家学。擢进士第。会董晋为宣武节度使,表署观察推官。晋卒,愈从丧出,不四日,汴军乱,乃去。依武宁节度使张建封,建封辟府推官。操行坚正,鲠言无所忌。调四门博士,迁监察御史。上疏极论宫市,德宗怒,贬阳山令。有爱在民,民生子多以其姓字之。改江陵法曹参军。元和初,权知国子博士,分司东都,三岁为真。改都官员外郎,即拜河南令。迁职方员外郎。
华(hua)阴(yin)令柳涧(jian)(jian)(jian)有罪,前刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)劾奏(zou)之,未报而刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)罢。涧(jian)(jian)(jian)讽百(bai)姓遮(zhe)索军顿(dun)役(yi)直(zhi),后(hou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)恶之,按其狱,贬涧(jian)(jian)(jian)房州司马。愈过华(hua),以为刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)阴(yin)相(xiang)党,上疏治(zhi)之。既(ji)御史(shi)覆问,得(de)涧(jian)(jian)(jian)赃,再贬封溪(xi)尉。愈坐是(shi)复为博(bo)士(shi)。既(ji)才高数黜,官又下(xia)迁,乃作《进学解(jie)》以自谕曰(yue):
国子(zi)先(xian)生晨入太学,召诸生立(li)馆下,诲之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“业(ye)精(jing)于勤,荒(huang)于嬉;行成(cheng)于思,毁于随。方今圣贤相(xiang)逢,治(zhi)具毕张,拔去(qu)凶邪,登崇畯良。占(zhan)小善者(zhe)率以录(lu),名一艺者(zhe)无(wu)不庸。爬罗剔抉,刮垢磨光。盖有幸而(er)获选,孰云多而(er)不扬?诸生业(ye)患(huan)不能(neng)精(jing),无(wu)患(huan)有司之(zhi)(zhi)不明;行患(huan)不能(neng)成(cheng),无(wu)患(huan)有司之(zhi)(zhi)不公。”
言(yan)未既,有(you)笑于(yu)列者(zhe)曰:“先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)欺予哉(zai)!弟子(zi)(zi)事(shi)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng),于(yu)兹有(you)年(nian)矣。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)口不(bu)(bu)绝(jue)吟(yin)于(yu)六(liu)艺之(zhi)(zhi)文,手不(bu)(bu)停披于(yu)百家之(zhi)(zhi)编。记事(shi)者(zhe)必提其(qi)(qi)要,纂言(yan)者(zhe)必钩其(qi)(qi)玄(xuan)。贪(tan)多务得,细(xi)大不(bu)(bu)捐。烧膏油以(yi)继晷,常(chang)矻矻以(yi)穷年(nian)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)业,可(ke)谓勤矣。牴排异端,攘斥佛老。补(bu)苴罅漏,张皇幽(you)眇。寻(xun)坠绪之(zhi)(zhi)芒芒,独旁搜而(er)(er)远绍。停百川而(er)(er)东之(zhi)(zhi),回(hui)狂(kuang)澜于(yu)既倒(dao)。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)儒,可(ke)谓有(you)劳(lao)矣。沈浸浓郁,含英咀华。作为文章(zhang),其(qi)(qi)书满家。上规(gui)姚姒,浑(hun)浑(hun)亡涯(ya)。周《诰》商(shang)《盘》,佶屈聱牙。《春秋》谨严,《左氏》浮(fu)夸。《易》奇而(er)(er)法(fa),《诗》正而(er)(er)葩。下迨《庄》《骚》,太史(shi)所(suo)录(lu),子(zi)(zi)云相如,同工异曲。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)文,可(ke)谓闳其(qi)(qi)中而(er)(er)肆其(qi)(qi)外矣。少始知学,勇于(yu)敢为。长通于(yu)方,左右具宜。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)为人(ren),可(ke)谓成矣。然而(er)(er)公不(bu)(bu)见信于(yu)人(ren),私(si)不(bu)(bu)见助(zhu)于(yu)友(you)。跋前踬后,动辄得咎。暂为御(yu)史(shi),遂窜南(nan)夷。三(san)年(nian)博士,冗不(bu)(bu)见治(zhi)。命与仇谋,取败几时(shi)?冬暖而(er)(er)儿号寒,年(nian)丰而(er)(er)妻啼饥。头(tou)童齿豁,竟死何裨?不(bu)(bu)知虑此,而(er)(er)反教人(ren)为?”
先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)曰:“吁(yu)!子来前。夫大木为杗,细木为桷,欂栌侏儒(ru),椳闑磺(huang)楔,各得其所(suo)(suo),施(shi)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)室者(zhe)(zhe),匠氏之(zhi)(zhi)工也。玉札丹砂,赤箭(jian)青芝(zhi),牛溲马勃(bo),败鼓(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)皮,俱收并蓄(xu),待(dai)用无遗者(zhe)(zhe),医师(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)也。登明选公(gong),杂进巧拙,纡余为妍,卓荦为杰,校短(duan)量(liang)长(zhang),唯(wei)器是适者(zhe)(zhe),宰相之(zhi)(zhi)方也。昔者(zhe)(zhe)孟(meng)轲好辩,孔道(dao)以(yi)(yi)明;辙环天下,卒老于(yu)行(xing)。荀卿宗王,大伦(lun)以(yi)(yi)兴(xing);逃(tao)谗(chan)于(yu)楚,废死兰陵。是二儒(ru)者(zhe)(zhe),吐词为经(jing),举足为法,绝类离伦(lun),优(you)入圣(sheng)(sheng)域,其遇于(yu)世何如(ru)也?今先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)学虽勤(qin)而(er)不由其统,言虽多而(er)不要(yao)其中(zhong);文虽奇(qi)而(er)不济于(yu)用,行(xing)虽修而(er)不显于(yu)众。犹且月费俸钱(qian),岁靡禀粟,子不知(zhi)耕,妇不知(zhi)织(zhi);乘马从(cong)徒,安(an)坐(zuo)而(er)食(shi);踵常途之(zhi)(zhi)促促,窥陈编(bian)以(yi)(yi)盗窃。然(ran)而(er)圣(sheng)(sheng)主(zhu)不加诛,宰臣(chen)不见(jian)斥。兹(zi)非其幸(xing)欤?动而(er)得谤,名亦(yi)随之(zhi)(zhi)。投闲置散,乃分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)宜。若夫商财贿(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)无,计班资之(zhi)(zhi)崇(chong)庳,忘(wang)量(liang)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)称,指前人之(zhi)(zhi)瑕疵,是所(suo)(suo)谓诘匠氏之(zhi)(zhi)不以(yi)(yi)杙为楹,而(er)訾医师(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)昌阳引年,欲进其豨苓(ling)也。”
执政(zheng)览之,奇其才,改比(bi)部郎中(zhong)、史馆(guan)修撰。转考功,知制诰,进中(zhong)书舍人。
初,宪宗(zong)将平(ping)蔡,命御史中丞(cheng)裴(pei)度使(shi)诸军(jun)按视(shi)。及(ji)还,且言(yan)(yan)贼可灭,与宰相(xiang)议不合。愈亦奏(zou)言(yan)(yan):
淮西连年脩(xiu)器械防守,金帛粮畜(chu)耗于(yu)(yu)给赏,执兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)卒四向侵掠,农夫织(zhi)妇饷于(yu)(yu)其后,得不(bu)(bu)(bu)偿费。比(bi)闻畜(chu)马皆上(shang)槽枥,此譬(pi)有(you)十夫之(zhi)力(li),自朝(chao)抵夕,跳跃叫呼,势(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)支久(jiu),必(bi)自委顿。当其已(yi)衰,三尺童子可(ke)(ke)制其命(ming)。况以(yi)三州(zhou)(zhou)残(can)弊(bi)困剧之(zhi)余而当天(tian)下(xia)全力(li),其败可(ke)(ke)立而待也,然未可(ke)(ke)知者,在(zai)陛下(xia)断(duan)与不(bu)(bu)(bu)断(duan)耳。夫兵(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)取胜,必(bi)胜之(zhi)师(shi)利在(zai)速(su)战,兵(bing)(bing)多(duo)而战不(bu)(bu)(bu)速(su)则所(suo)费必(bi)广。疆(jiang)场之(zhi)上(shang),日相(xiang)攻劫,近贼州(zhou)(zhou)县,赋役百(bai)端,小遇水(shui)旱,百(bai)姓愁(chou)苦。方此时,人人异议以(yi)惑(huo)陛下(xia),陛下(xia)持之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)坚,半(ban)涂而罢,伤(shang)威损费,为弊(bi)必(bi)深。所(suo)要先决于(yu)(yu)心(xin),详度本末,事至不(bu)(bu)(bu)惑(huo),乃可(ke)(ke)图(tu)功。
又言:“诸道(dao)兵羁(ji)旅单(dan)弱不足用,而界贼州(zhou)县(xian),百姓习战斗,知贼深浅,若募以(yi)内军,教不三月,一切(qie)可(ke)用。”又欲“四道(dao)置兵,道(dao)率三万,畜力(li)伺利,一日(ri)俱纵(zong),则蔡首尾不救,可(ke)以(yi)责(ze)功”。执政(zheng)不喜。会有人(ren)诋愈在江陵时为(wei)裴均所厚,均子锷素无状,愈为(wei)文章,字(zi)命锷谤(bang)语嚣(xiao)暴,由是(shi)改太子右庶子。及度(du)以(yi)宰相节(jie)度(du)彰义军,宣慰淮(huai)西,奏(zou)愈行军司(si)马(ma)。愈请乘遽先(xian)入汴,说韩弘使叶力(li)。元济平,迁刑部侍郎。
宪宗遣使者往凤(feng)翔(xiang)迎佛骨入禁中,三日,乃(nai)送佛祠。王公士人奔走膜呗,至为(wei)夷法,灼体肤,委珍(zhen)贝,腾沓系路。愈闻恶之,乃(nai)上表曰:
佛(fo)者(zhe),夷狄之(zhi)一(yi)法(fa)耳。自(zi)后汉(han)时(shi)始(shi)入中国(guo)(guo),上(shang)古(gu)未尝(chang)有(you)也。昔黄帝(di)(di)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)岁(sui);少昊在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)百(bai)岁(sui);颛顼在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九十(shi)岁(sui);帝(di)(di)喾在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)百(bai)五(wu)岁(sui);尧(yao)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)八(ba)岁(sui);帝(di)(di)舜在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)禹年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)皆百(bai)岁(sui)。此时(shi)天下太(tai)平(ping),百(bai)姓安乐寿(shou)考,然而(er)中国(guo)(guo)未有(you)佛(fo)也。其(qi)(qi)后,汤亦(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)百(bai)岁(sui),汤孙太(tai)戊在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),武丁(ding)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),书史不(bu)言其(qi)(qi)寿(shou),推其(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)数,盖不(bu)减百(bai)岁(sui)。周文王年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九十(shi)七岁(sui),武王年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九十(shi)三(san)岁(sui),穆王在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。此时(shi)佛(fo)法(fa)亦(yi)(yi)未至中国(guo)(guo),非因事佛(fo)而(er)致(zhi)然也。汉(han)明(ming)帝(di)(di)时(shi)始(shi)有(you)佛(fo)法(fa),明(ming)帝(di)(di)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)才十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。其(qi)(qi)后乱亡相(xiang)继(ji),运祚不(bu)长。宋、齐、梁、陈(chen)、元魏以下,事佛(fo)渐谨,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)尤促。唯梁武帝(di)(di)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),前后三(san)舍身(shen)施佛(fo),宗庙祭不(bu)用牲牢(lao),昼日(ri)一(yi)食(shi),止(zhi)于菜果,后为侯景(jing)所逼,饿死台城(cheng),国(guo)(guo)亦(yi)(yi)寻灭。事佛(fo)求福,乃(nai)更得祸。由此观(guan)之(zhi),佛(fo)不(bu)足信,亦(yi)(yi)可知矣。
高祖始受(shou)隋(sui)禅(shan),则议除之。当时(shi)君臣(chen)识见不(bu)(bu)(bu)远,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能深究(jiu)先王之道(dao)、古今(jin)之宜,推(tui)阐圣(sheng)明,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救斯弊(bi),其事遂止。臣(chen)常恨焉!伏惟睿圣(sheng)文(wen)武(wu)皇帝陛下(xia),神圣(sheng)英武(wu),数千(qian)百年以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,未(wei)有(you)(you)伦比(bi)。即(ji)位(wei)之初,即(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许度人(ren)为(wei)僧尼(ni)、道(dao)士,又不(bu)(bu)(bu)许别(bie)立(li)寺观。臣(chen)当时(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)高祖之志,必(bi)行于(yu)陛下(xia)。今(jin)纵未(wei)能即(ji)行,岂(qi)可(ke)恣(zi)之令(ling)盛也(ye)!今(jin)陛下(xia)令(ling)群僧迎佛骨于(yu)凤翔,御楼(lou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观,舁入大(da)内(nei),又令(ling)诸寺递加(jia)(jia)供(gong)养(yang)。臣(chen)虽至(zhi)愚(yu),必(bi)知陛下(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)惑于(yu)佛,作此崇(chong)奉(feng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祈福祥也(ye)。直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丰年之乐,徇人(ren)之心(xin),为(wei)京都士庶设诡异之观、戏玩(wan)之具耳(er)。安有(you)(you)圣(sheng)明若此,而肯(ken)信此等(deng)事哉(zai)?然百姓愚(yu)冥,易惑难晓,苟(gou)见陛下(xia)如此,将谓真心(xin)信佛,皆云:“天子大(da)圣(sheng),犹(you)一心(xin)信向;百姓微贱,于(yu)佛岂(qi)合更(geng)(geng)惜身(shen)命?”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)灼顶燔指,十百为(wei)群,解衣散钱,自朝至(zhi)暮(mu),转(zhuan)相仿效,唯恐后时(shi),老(lao)幼(you)奔波,弃其生业(ye)。若不(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)加(jia)(jia)禁(jin)遏(e),更(geng)(geng)历诸寺,必(bi)有(you)(you)断(duan)臂脔身(shen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)供(gong)养(yang)者。伤风败俗,传笑四(si)方,非细事也(ye)。
佛本夷狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,与中国(guo)(guo)言语不(bu)(bu)(bu)通,衣服殊(shu)制;口不(bu)(bu)(bu)道先(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法言,身(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服先(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法服,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)君臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义、父子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情。假如其(qi)身(shen)(shen)尚(shang)在(zai),奉其(qi)国(guo)(guo)命来朝京师,陛下容而(er)接之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)过宣政一(yi)(yi)见,礼宾一(yi)(yi)设,赐衣一(yi)(yi)袭,卫(wei)而(er)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)境,不(bu)(bu)(bu)令贰于(yu)(yu)众也(ye)。况其(qi)身(shen)(shen)死已久(jiu),枯朽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu),凶秽(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu),岂宜以入宫(gong)禁?孔子(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“敬鬼神而(er)远之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸侯(hou)吊(diao)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)国(guo)(guo),必令巫(wu)祝先(xian)以桃茢(lie)祓(fu)除不(bu)(bu)(bu)祥(xiang),然(ran)后进吊(diao)。今无(wu)故取朽秽(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,亲临(lin)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),巫(wu)祝不(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian),桃茢(lie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong),君臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言其(qi)非,御史不(bu)(bu)(bu)举其(qi)失,臣(chen)实(shi)耻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乞以此骨(gu)付(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水火,永绝(jue)根本,断天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疑,绝(jue)前代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惑(huo),使天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人知(zhi)大圣人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所作为,出(chu)于(yu)(yu)寻常万万也(ye)。佛如有灵,能作祸祟,凡有殃咎,宜加臣(chen)身(shen)(shen)。上天(tian)鉴临(lin),臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)怨悔(hui)。
表入(ru),帝大怒,持示(shi)宰相,将(jiang)抵以(yi)死。裴度、崔群曰:“愈(yu)言(yan)讦牾,罪之诚(cheng)宜。然非内怀至(zhi)忠(zhong),安(an)能(neng)及此?愿少宽假,以(yi)来谏争。”帝曰:“愈(yu)言(yan)我(wo)奉佛(fo)太过(guo),犹可容;至(zhi)谓东汉(han)奉佛(fo)以(yi)后(hou),天子感(gan)夭促,言(yan)何乖剌邪?愈(yu),人臣,狂妄敢尔(er),固不可赦!”于是中(zhong)外骇(hai)惧,虽戚(qi)里诸贵(gui),亦为愈(yu)言(yan),乃(nai)贬潮州刺史(shi)。
既至潮,以表哀(ai)谢曰(yue):
臣以狂妄戆愚(yu),不识礼(li)度(du),陈佛骨(gu)事,言涉(she)不恭(gong),正名定罪,万死(si)莫(mo)塞。陛下哀臣愚(yu)忠,恕臣狂直,谓言虽可罪,心亦无(wu)他,特屈刑章,以臣为潮州刺史。既免刑诛(zhu),又(you)获(huo)禄食,圣恩(en)宽(kuan)大,天(tian)地莫(mo)量(liang),破脑刳心,岂足为谢!
臣所(suo)领州(zhou)(zhou),在广府极东,过海(hai)口(kou),下恶(e)水,涛泷壮猛,难计期程,飓风鳄鱼,患祸(huo)不测。州(zhou)(zhou)南近界,涨(zhang)海(hai)连天,毒雾瘴氛,日夕发(fa)作(zuo)。臣少多病,年才(cai)五十,发(fa)白齿落,理不久长。加(jia)以罪(zui)犯至重,所(suo)处(chu)远恶(e),忧惶惭(can)悸,死(si)亡无日。单立(li)一身,朝无亲(qin)党,居蛮夷之地,与(yu)魑(chi)魅同(tong)群,苟非(fei)陛下哀而念(nian)之,谁肯为臣言者?
臣(chen)(chen)受(shou)性愚陋(lou),人事(shi)多所(suo)不通,惟(wei)酷好(hao)学问文(wen)章(zhang),未尝一日暂(zan)废,实为时辈所(suo)见推许。臣(chen)(chen)于(yu)(yu)当时之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),亦未有(you)过人者。至于(yu)(yu)论述(shu)陛下(xia)功(gong)德,与(yu)《诗》、《书》相表里,作为歌诗,荐之(zhi)(zhi)郊庙,纪太山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)封,镂白(bai)玉之(zhi)(zhi)牒(die),铺张对天之(zhi)(zhi)宏休(xiu),扬(yang)厉无前之(zhi)(zhi)伟绩,编于(yu)(yu)《诗》、《书》之(zhi)(zhi)策而无愧,措于(yu)(yu)天地之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)而无亏,虽使古人复生(sheng),臣(chen)(chen)未肯让。
伏以(yi)皇唐受命有天(tian)下,四海之(zhi)内,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)臣(chen)妾,南北东西,地各万里。自(zi)天(tian)宝以(yi)后(hou),政治(zhi)少懈,文致未优(you),武克不(bu)(bu)刚,孽(nie)臣(chen)奸隶(li),蠹居棋处,摇毒自(zi)防,外顺(shun)内悖(bei),父(fu)死子代,以(yi)祖以(yi)孙,如古诸侯(hou),自(zi)擅其地,不(bu)(bu)朝(chao)不(bu)(bu)贡,六七十年。四圣传序,以(yi)至陛(bi)下。陛(bi)下即位以(yi)来,躬(gong)亲听(ting)断,旋(xuan)乾转坤,关机阖开,雷厉(li)风飞,日月清照,天(tian)戈(ge)所麾,无不(bu)(bu)从顺(shun)。宜定乐章(zhang),以(yi)告(gao)神明(ming),东巡泰山(shan),奏功皇天(tian),具著(zhu)显庸(yong),明(ming)示得意,使永(yong)永(yong)年服我成(cheng)烈。当此之(zhi)际,所谓千(qian)载一时不(bu)(bu)可(ke)逢(feng)之(zhi)嘉会,而臣(chen)负罪婴(ying)衅,自(zi)拘海岛,戚戚嗟(jie)(jie)嗟(jie)(jie),日与(yu)死迫,曾(ceng)不(bu)(bu)得奏薄伎于从官(guan)之(zhi)内、隶(li)御之(zhi)间,穷(qiong)(qiong)思毕精,以(yi)赎前过。怀痛穷(qiong)(qiong)天(tian),死不(bu)(bu)闭目,伏惟陛(bi)下天(tian)地父(fu)母(mu),哀而怜之(zhi)。
帝得表(biao),颇感悔,欲复用之(zhi),持示宰相曰(yue):“愈(yu)前所论是大爱(ai)朕,然不当言天子事佛乃年(nian)促耳。”皇甫镈素(su)忌愈(yu)直,即(ji)奏言:“愈(yu)终狂(kuang)疏,可且(qie)内移。”乃改袁州刺史。初,愈(yu)至潮州,问民(min)疾苦,皆曰(yue):“恶(e)溪有(you)鳄鱼,食(shi)民(min)畜产且(qie)尽,民(min)以是穷。”数日,愈(yu)自往视(shi)之(zhi),令其(qi)属秦(qin)济以一羊一豚投溪水而祝之(zhi)曰(yue):
昔先王既有天下,列山(shan)泽(ze),罔绳擉刃以除虫蛇恶(e)物为(wei)民物害(hai)者,驱而出之(zhi)四(si)海之(zhi)外。及德薄,不能远有,则江、汉之(zhi)间尚皆弃之(zhi)以与蛮夷楚(chu)越(yue),况湖、岭之(zhi)间去(qu)京师(shi)万里(li)哉?鳄(e)鱼(yu)之(zhi)涵淹(yan)卵(luan)育于此,亦固(gu)其所。
今天子(zi)(zi)嗣唐位,神圣慈(ci)武,四(si)海之外,六合之内,皆抚而有之,况禹迹(ji)所(suo)掩,扬州之近(jin)地,刺(ci)史县令之所(suo)治,出贡赋(fu)以(yi)(yi)供天地、宗庙(miao)、百神之祀之壤者哉?鳄(e)鱼其不(bu)可与(yu)刺(ci)史杂处此(ci)(ci)土(tu)也(ye)。刺(ci)史受天子(zi)(zi)命,守此(ci)(ci)土(tu),治此(ci)(ci)民,而鳄(e)鱼旰然不(bu)安溪潭(tan)据处,食民畜熊豕鹿麞以(yi)(yi)肥其身,以(yi)(yi)种其子(zi)(zi)孙(sun),与(yu)刺(ci)史拒(ju)争为长雄。刺(ci)史虽驽弱,亦安肯为鳄(e)鱼低首下心,伈々睍斯,为吏民羞,以(yi)(yi)偷活于此(ci)(ci)也(ye)?承天子(zi)(zi)命以(yi)(yi)来为吏,固(gu)其势不(bu)得(de)不(bu)与(yu)鳄(e)鱼辨。鳄(e)鱼有知,其听刺(ci)史。
潮之州,大海在其(qi)南,鲸鹏(peng)之大,虾蟹之细,无不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容归,以(yi)生以(yi)食,鳄鱼朝发而(er)夕(xi)至也(ye)。今(jin)与(yu)鳄鱼约:“尽(jin)三日(ri),其(qi)率丑(chou)类南徙(xi)于海,以(yi)避天(tian)子之命吏。三日(ri)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能,至五(wu)日(ri);五(wu)日(ri)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能,至七日(ri),七日(ri)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能,是终不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯徙(xi)也(ye),是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有刺史、听从其(qi)言(yan)也(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然,则(ze)是鳄鱼冥顽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)灵(ling),刺史虽有言(yan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知也(ye)。夫傲天(tian)子之命吏,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听其(qi)言(yan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)徙(xi)以(yi)避之,与(yu)顽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)灵(ling)而(er)为民物害者(zhe),皆可杀(sha)。刺史则(ze)选材技民,操强弓毒矢,以(yi)与(yu)鳄鱼从事,必(bi)尽(jin)杀(sha)乃止(zhi),其(qi)无悔!”
祝之(zhi)夕(xi),暴风(feng)震(zhen)电起溪中,数(shu)日水尽涸,西徙六十里。自是潮无鳄(e)鱼患(huan)。袁人以男女为(wei)隶,过期(qi)不赎,则没(mei)入之(zhi)。愈至,悉计庸得赎所没(mei),归之(zhi)父母(mu)七(qi)百余(yu)人。因与(yu)约,禁其为(wei)隶。召拜国子祭酒,转兵部(bu)侍郎(lang)。
镇州乱(luan),杀田弘正而(er)立(li)王廷(ting)(ting)凑(cou),诏(zhao)愈(yu)(yu)宣抚(fu)。既行,众(zhong)皆危(wei)之(zhi)。元(yuan)稹(zhen)言:“韩愈(yu)(yu)可惜。”穆宗亦悔,诏(zhao)愈(yu)(yu)度(du)事从宜(yi),无必(bi)入。愈(yu)(yu)至,廷(ting)(ting)凑(cou)严兵迓之(zhi),甲士陈廷(ting)(ting)。既坐(zuo),廷(ting)(ting)凑(cou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“所(suo)以(yi)纷纷者(zhe)(zhe),乃此(ci)(ci)士卒也(ye)(ye)。”愈(yu)(yu)大声曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue);“天子(zi)以(yi)公为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)将(jiang)帅材,故赐以(yi)节,岂意同贼(zei)反邪(xie)?”语(yu)未终(zhong),士前奋曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“先太(tai)师(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)击硃滔,血衣犹在,此(ci)(ci)军(jun)何(he)负(fu),乃以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贼(zei)乎?”愈(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尔(er)不记先太(tai)师(shi)也(ye)(ye),若犹记之(zhi),固善(shan)。天宝以(yi)来,安禄山、史思(si)明、李(li)希烈等有(you)子(zi)若孙在乎?亦有(you)居官者(zhe)(zhe)乎?”众(zhong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“无。”愈(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“田公以(yi)魏博六州归(gui)(gui)朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting),官中书令,父子(zi)受旗节;刘(liu)悟、李(li)祐(you)皆大镇。此(ci)(ci)尔(er)军(jun)所(suo)其(qi)闻也(ye)(ye)。”众(zhong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“弘正刻,故此(ci)(ci)军(jun)不安。”愈(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“然(ran)尔(er)曹(cao)亦害田公,又残其(qi)家矣,复(fu)何(he)道?”众(zhong)讠雚(guan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“善(shan)。”廷(ting)(ting)凑(cou)虑众(zhong)变,疾麾使去。因曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“今欲廷(ting)(ting)凑(cou)何(he)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)?”愈(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“神策六军(jun)将(jiang)如(ru)牛元(yuan)翼者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不乏(fa),但朝(chao)廷(ting)(ting)顾大体,不可弃之(zhi)。公久围之(zhi),何(he)也(ye)(ye)?”廷(ting)(ting)凑(cou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“即(ji)出(chu)之(zhi)。”愈(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“若尔(er),则(ze)无事矣。”会元(yuan)翼亦溃围出(chu),延凑(cou)不追。愈(yu)(yu)归(gui)(gui)奏(zou)其(qi)语(yu),帝大悦。转吏(li)部侍郎。
时宰相李(li)逢吉恶李(li)绅(shen)(shen),欲逐之,遂以愈为京兆尹(yin)、兼御(yu)史(shi)大夫,特诏不(bu)台参,而除绅(shen)(shen)中丞。绅(shen)(shen)果(guo)劾奏愈,愈以诏自(zi)解。其后(hou)文刺纷然,宰相以台、府不(bu)协(xie),遂罢愈为兵(bing)部(bu)侍郎,而出绅(shen)(shen)江西(xi)观(guan)察使。绅(shen)(shen)见帝(di),得留,愈亦复为吏(li)部(bu)侍郎。长庆四年卒,年五十七,赠礼(li)部(bu)尚书,谥曰文。
愈(yu)性明锐,不诡随。与人交(jiao),始(shi)终不少变。成就后进(jin)士,往往知名。经愈(yu)指授,皆(jie)称“韩门弟子”,愈(yu)官显,稍谢遣。凡(fan)内外亲(qin)若交(jiao)友无后者,为嫁(jia)遣孤女而恤(xu)其家(jia)。嫂郑丧(sang),为服(fu)期以报(bao)。
每言文(wen)章自汉司(si)马相如、太史(shi)公、刘向、扬雄(xiong)后,作者(zhe)不(bu)世(shi)出,故愈深探本元,卓然(ran)树立,成一家言。其《原道》、《原性》、《师(shi)说》等数十篇,皆(jie)奥衍闳深,与孟轲(ke)、扬雄(xiong)相表里而佐(zuo)佑《六经》云?至(zhi)它文(wen),造端置辞(ci),要为不(bu)袭蹈前人者(zhe)。然(ran)惟(wei)愈为之(zhi),沛然(ran)若有余,至(zhi)其徒李(li)翱、李(li)汉、皇甫(fu)湜(shi)从而效之(zhi),遽不(bu)及远(yuan)甚。从愈游者(zhe),若孟郊、张籍,亦(yi)皆(jie)自名于时(shi)。
孟郊(jiao)者(zhe),字东野,湖州武康人。少隐嵩山,性介,少谐合。愈一见(jian)为忘(wang)形交。年五十,得进士(shi)第,调溧阳(yang)尉。县(xian)有投(tou)金濑、平陵(ling)城,林(lin)薄蒙翳,下有积水(shui)。郊(jiao)闲往坐水(shui)旁,裴回赋诗(shi),而曹务(wu)多废。令白府,以假尉代之,分其半奉。郑余(yu)庆(qing)为东都留守,署水(shui)陆转运判(pan)官。余(yu)庆(qing)镇(zhen)兴(xing)元,奏(zou)为参谋。卒(zu),年六十四。张籍谥曰(yue)贞曜先生。
郊为诗有理致,最为愈所(suo)称,然思苦奇涩。李观亦论(lun)其诗曰:“高处在(zai)古无上,平处下(xia)顾二谢”云。
张籍者,字(zi)文昌,和州乌江人。第进士,为太常寺太祝。久次,迁秘书(shu)郎。愈(yu)荐为国子博士。历水部(bu)员(yuan)外郎、主客郎中(zhong)。当时有名士皆与(yu)游,而愈(yu)贤重之(zhi)。籍性狷直,尝责愈(yu)喜博褭及为驳(bo)杂之(zhi)说,论议好(hao)胜(sheng)人,其(qi)排释(shi)老不能(neng)著书(shu)若孟轲、扬雄(xiong)以垂世者。愈(yu)最(zui)后答书(shu)曰(yue):
吾(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)愈(yu)无似,意欲(yu)推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纳诸(zhu)圣贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域,拂其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邪心,增其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)未高(gao)。谓愈(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)质有(you)(you)(you)(you)可以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)道者(zhe),浚其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)源,道其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)归,溉其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)根(gen),将食其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)。此(ci)(ci)盛德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)辞让,况于(yu)(yu)(yu)愈(yu)者(zhe)哉(zai)?抑其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)宜复者(zhe),故(gu)不(bu)可遂(sui)已。昔者(zhe)圣人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作《春(chun)秋》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),既深其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文辞矣,然(ran)犹(you)不(bu)敢(gan)公传道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),口授弟子(zi)(zi),至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)世,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)出焉。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)虑(lv)患之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,微也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)二氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)宗(zong)而(er)(er)(er)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),下及(ji)公卿辅相(xiang),吾(wu)(wu)岂(qi)(qi)敢(gan)昌(chang)言(yan)排之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉(zai)?择其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可语(yu)者(zhe)诲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),犹(you)时与吾(wu)(wu)悖,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声哓(xiao)哓(xiao)。若遂(sui)成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)(shu),则(ze)(ze)见而(er)(er)(er)怒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)必多(duo)矣,必且以(yi)(yi)我为(wei)(wei)狂为(wei)(wei)惑。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)能恤,书(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)何有(you)(you)(you)(you)?夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi),圣人也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)曰:“自(zi)吾(wu)(wu)得(de)子(zi)(zi)路,而(er)(er)(er)恶声不(bu)入于(yu)(yu)(yu)耳。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)余(yu)辅而(er)(er)(er)相(xiang)者(zhe)周天下,犹(you)且绝(jue)粮(liang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)陈(chen),畏于(yu)(yu)(yu)匡,毁于(yu)(yu)(yu)叔孙,奔走于(yu)(yu)(yu)齐、鲁、宋、卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道虽(sui)尊(zun),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)穷亦(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。赖其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)徒相(xiang)与守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),卒有(you)(you)(you)(you)立于(yu)(yu)(yu)天下。向使(shi)(shi)独(du)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)独(du)书(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)存也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)可冀乎(hu)(hu)?今(jin)(jin)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)二氏行(xing)乎(hu)(hu)中土(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),盖六百(bai)年有(you)(you)(you)(you)余(yu)矣。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)植根(gen)固,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流波漫,非可以(yi)(yi)朝令而(er)(er)(er)夕禁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)文王(wang)没,武(wu)王(wang)、周公、成(cheng)、康相(xiang)与守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),礼乐皆(jie)在,及(ji)乎(hu)(hu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)未久也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),自(zi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)(hu)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)未久也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),自(zi)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)(hu)扬雄亦(yi)(yi)未久也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)犹(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)勤若此(ci)(ci),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)困若此(ci)(ci),而(er)(er)(er)后(hou)能有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)立,吾(wu)(wu)岂(qi)(qi)可易(yi)而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉(zai)?其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)易(yi),则(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)传也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)远,故(gu)余(yu)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)敢(gan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)观古人,得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时,行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道,则(ze)(ze)无所(suo)为(wei)(wei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)。为(wei)(wei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe),皆(jie)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)行(xing)乎(hu)(hu)今(jin)(jin),而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)乎(hu)(hu)后(hou)世者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)吾(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)吾(wu)(wu)志、失吾(wu)(wu)志未可知,则(ze)(ze)俟五十(shi)、六十(shi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未失也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天不(bu)欲(yu)使(shi)(shi)兹(zi)人有(you)(you)(you)(you)知乎(hu)(hu),则(ze)(ze)吾(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)不(bu)可期(qi);如(ru)使(shi)(shi)兹(zi)人有(you)(you)(you)(you)知乎(hu)(hu),非我其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)谁哉(zai)!其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)道,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)书(shu)(shu)(shu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化今(jin)(jin),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)传后(hou),必有(you)(you)(you)(you)在矣。吾(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)何遽戚戚于(yu)(yu)(yu)吾(wu)(wu)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)哉(zai)?
前书谓吾(wu)与人论不能下气,若好(hao)胜(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)。虽诚有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),抑非好(hao)己(ji)胜(sheng)(sheng)也(ye),好(hao)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)胜(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)。非好(hao)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)胜(sheng)(sheng)也(ye),己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)乃夫子(zi)(zi)、孟轲(ke)、扬(yang)雄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。传(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)若不胜(sheng)(sheng),则无所(suo)为(wei)道(dao),吾(wu)岂敢避(bi)是名哉(zai)(zai)!夫子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言曰(yue):“吾(wu)与回言,终日不违。”如愚则其(qi)与众人辩也(ye)有(you)矣。驳杂(za)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讥(ji),前书尽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吾(wu)子(zi)(zi)其(qi)复之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。昔者(zhe)(zhe)夫子(zi)(zi)犹(you)有(you)所(suo)戏,《诗》不云乎:“善(shan)戏谑兮,不为(wei)虐(nve)兮。”《记》曰(yue):“张而不弛,文武不为(wei)也(ye)。”恶害于道(dao)哉(zai)(zai)?吾(wu)子(zi)(zi)其(qi)未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思(si)乎?
籍为诗,长于乐府(fu),多(duo)警句(ju)。仕终(zhong)国(guo)子司业(ye)。
皇甫湜(shi),字持正,睦州新安人。擢进士第,为(wei)陆浑(hun)尉,仕(shi)至工部郎中,辨急使酒,数忤同(tong)省(sheng),求分司(si)东都。留守裴度(du)(du)辟(pi)为(wei)判(pan)官(guan)。度(du)(du)脩福先(xian)寺,将立碑,求文(wen)于白居易。湜(shi)怒(nu)曰:“近舍湜(shi)而远取居易,请从(cong)此辞。”度(du)(du)谢之(zhi)(zhi)。湜(shi)即请斗酒,饮(yin)酣(han),援笔立就。度(du)(du)赠以车(che)马缯彩甚(shen)厚,湜(shi)大怒(nu)曰:“自(zi)吾为(wei)《顾况集序(xu)》,未常(chang)许人。今碑字三千,字三缣,何遇我薄邪(xie)?”度(du)(du)笑曰:“不羁之(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)也。”从(cong)而酬之(zhi)(zhi)。
湜尝为蜂(feng)螫(shi)指(zhi),购小(xiao)儿敛蜂(feng),捣(dao)取(qu)其液。一日命其子录诗,一字(zi)误,诟跃呼杖,杖未至,啮(nie)其臂血流。
卢仝(tong)居(ju)东都,愈为(wei)河南(nan)令,爱其诗,厚礼之。仝(tong)自号玉川子,尝为(wei)《月蚀(shi)诗》以讥(ji)切元和逆党,愈称其工。
时又有(you)贾岛(dao)、刘乂,皆韩(han)门弟(di)子(zi)。
岛,字浪仙,范阳人(ren)。初为浮屠(tu),名无本。来东都,时(shi)洛(luo)阳令禁僧(seng)午后不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)出,岛为诗自伤。愈怜之,因教其为文,遂去浮屠(tu),举进(jin)士。当其苦吟,虽逢值公卿贵(gui)人(ren),皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)之觉也。一日见京(jing)兆尹,跨驴不(bu)(bu)(bu)避(bi),讠虖诘(jie)之,久乃得(de)释。累举,不(bu)(bu)(bu)中第(di)。文宗(zong)时(shi),坐飞谤,贬长江主簿。会昌初,以普州司(si)仓参军迁司(si)户,未受命卒(zu),年六十五。
刘义者,亦一(yi)节(jie)士。少(shao)放肆为(wei)侠行,因(yin)(yin)酒杀人(ren)亡命。会赦,出(chu),更折(zhe)节(jie)读(du)书,能为(wei)歌诗(shi)。然恃故(gu)时所负,不能俯仰贵人(ren),常穿(chuan)屐、破衣(yi)。闻愈接天下(xia)士,步归之,作《冰(bing)柱(zhu)》《雪车(che)》二(er)诗(shi),出(chu)卢仝、孟郊(jiao)右(you)。樊宗师见,为(wei)独(du)拜。能面道(dao)人(ren)短长,其(qi)服义则又弥缝若(ruo)亲属然。后以争语不能下(xia)宾客,因(yin)(yin)持愈金数斤(jin)去,曰:“此谀墓中(zhong)人(ren)得(de)耳,不若(ruo)与刘君为(wei)寿。”愈不能止,归齐、鲁,不知(zhi)所终(zhong)。
赞曰(yue):唐兴(xing),承五代剖分,王政不纲,文弊质(zhi)穷,崿俚混(hun)并。天下已定,治荒剔蠹(du),讨究儒(ru)术,以(yi)兴(xing)典(dian)宪,薰■涵浸,殆百(bai)(bai)余(yu)(yu)年,其(qi)后文章稍(shao)稍(shao)可(ke)(ke)述。至贞(zhen)元、元和间,愈(yu)遂(sui)以(yi)《六经》之文为(wei)诸儒(ru)倡,障堤(di)末流,反(fan)刓以(yi)朴,刬(chan)伪以(yi)真。然愈(yu)之才,自视司马迁(qian)、扬雄,至班固以(yi)下不论也(ye)。当(dang)其(qi)所得,粹然一出于正,刊落(luo)陈(chen)言(yan)(yan),横骛(wu)别驱,汪洋(yang)大肆,要之无牴牾圣人(ren)者。其(qi)道盖自比孟轲,以(yi)荀况(kuang)、扬雄为(wei)未淳,宁不信然?至进谏陈(chen)谋,排难(nan)恤孤,矫(jiao)拂媮末,皇(huang)皇(huang)于仁义,可(ke)(ke)谓笃道君子(zi)矣。自晋汔隋,老佛显(xian)行,圣道不断如带。诸儒(ru)倚(yi)天下正议,助为(wei)怪(guai)神。愈(yu)独喟然引圣,争四(si)海之惑,虽蒙讪笑,⻊合而复奋(fen),始(shi)若未之信,卒大显(xian)于时。昔孟轲拒杨、墨,去(qu)孔子(zi)才二百(bai)(bai)年。愈(yu)排二家,乃去(qu)千余(yu)(yu)岁,拨衰反(fan)正,功(gong)与(yu)齐而力倍之,所以(yi)过况(kuang)、雄为(wei)不少矣。自愈(yu)没,其(qi)言(yan)(yan)大行,学者仰之如泰山、北斗云。
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