列传第一百三(san) 刘蕡
刘蕡，字去华，幽州昌平人，客梁、汴间。明《春秋》，能言古兴亡事，沈健于谋，浩然有救世意。擢进士第。元和后，权纲驰迁，神策中尉王守澄负弑逆罪，更二帝不能讨，天下愤之。文宗即位，思洗元和宿耻，将翦落支党。方宦人握兵，横制海内，号曰“北司”，凶丑朋挻，外胁群臣，内掣侮天子，蕡常痛疾。
太和(he)二(er)年(nian)，举贤良方正(zheng)能直言极谏，帝(di)引诸儒百余人于廷，策曰：
朕闻(wen)古先哲(zhe)王之治也，玄默(mo)无为，端拱司契(qi)，陶氓心(xin)以居简，凝日用于不(bu)(bu)宰，厚下(xia)以立本，推(tui)诚(cheng)而建中，繇是天人(ren)通，阴(yin)阳和，俗跻仁寿，物无疵(ci)疠(li)。噫！盛德之所臻，夐乎其不(bu)(bu)可(ke)及已。三代(dai)令主(zhu)，质文迭救，百氏(shi)滋炽，风流浸微，自(zi)汉以降，足言盖(gai)寡。
朕顾唯(wei)昧道，祗荷丕构(gou)，奉若谟(mo)训，不敢怠荒，任贤惕厉(li)，宵衣旰食，讵追三五(wu)之(zhi)遐(xia)轨(gui)，庶绍祖宗之(zhi)鸿绪。而心有未(wei)达(da)，行(xing)有未(wei)孚，由(you)中及外，阙政斯广(guang)。是(shi)以人不率化，气或堙厄，灾(zai)旱竟岁，播植愆时。国廪罕(han)蓄，乏九年之(zhi)储；吏(li)道多端，微(wei)三载之(zhi)绩。京师，诸夏之(zhi)本也(ye)，将以观治(zhi)，而豪猾逾检；太学，明教之(zhi)源也(ye)，期(qi)于(yu)变风(feng)(feng)，而生(sheng)徒惰业。列郡在(zai)乎颁条，而干(gan)禁或未(wei)绝；百工在(zai)乎按度(du)，而淫巧(qiao)或未(wei)息。俗恬风(feng)(feng)靡，积讹成蠹。其择官济治(zhi)也(ye)，听人以言则枝叶难(nan)辨，御下(xia)以法则耻格不形；其阜财(cai)发(fa)号也(ye)，生(sheng)之(zhi)寡(gua)而食之(zhi)众，烦于(yu)令而鲜(xian)于(yu)治(zhi)。思所以究此缪(mou)盩(zhou)，致之(zhi)治(zhi)平，兹心浩然，若涉渊冰。故前诏(zhao)有司，博延群(qun)彦，伫启宿(su)懵(meng)，冀臻时雍。
子大(da)夫皆识达古(gu)今，志在(zai)康济，造廷(ting)待问，副(fu)朕虚怀(huai)，必当箴治(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙，辨政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疵，明纲条之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致紊，稽富庶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所急。何(he)施革于前(qian)弊(bi)？何(he)泽惠于下土？何(he)脩(xiu)而(er)治(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)可近？何(he)道而(er)和气克充？推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本源(yuan)，著于条对。至(zhi)若夷吾轻重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)权，孰(shu)辅于治(zhi)(zhi)？严尤底定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策，孰(shu)叶于时？元凯(kai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)考课(ke)何(he)先？叔子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)克平何(he)务？惟(wei)此龟鉴，择(ze)乎中(zhong)庸，斯在(zai)洽(qia)闻，朕将(jiang)亲览。
蕡对曰：
臣诚不(bu)佞(ning)，有正国(guo)致君(jun)之(zhi)术，无位而(er)不(bu)得(de)行(xing)；有犯颜(yan)敢谏之(zhi)心(xin)，无路而(er)不(bu)得(de)达。怀(huai)愤郁(yu)抑(yi)，思有时而(er)发。常欲与庶人议于道、商贾谤于市，得(de)通上听，一悟(wu)主心(xin)，虽被(bei)袄(ao)言之(zhi)罪无所(suo)悔(hui)。况逢陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)询求过阙，咨(zi)访嘉谋(mou)，制诏(zhao)中外，举直言极(ji)谏。臣辱斯举，专承大问，敢不(bu)悉意以(yi)(yi)言？至于上所(suo)忌，时所(suo)禁，权幸所(suo)讳恶，有司所(suo)与夺，臣愚不(bu)识，伏惟陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)少加优容，不(bu)使圣时有谠(dang)言受戮(lu)者，天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)幸也。谨昧死以(yi)(yi)对：
伏(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)圣策(ce)有(you)(you)思(si)古(gu)先之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，念(nian)玄默之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)，将欲通(tong)天(tian)地以(yi)(yi)(yi)济(ji)俗，和(he)阴阳以(yi)(yi)(yi)煦物，见陛(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)虑道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)也(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)哲王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其则不(bu)(bu)远(yuan)，惟致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)何如耳。伏(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)圣策(ce)有(you)(you)祗荷(he)丕(pi)构(gou)而(er)不(bu)(bu)敢荒宁，奉若谟训而(er)罔有(you)(you)怠忽，见陛(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)忧劳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若夫任贤惕厉，宵衣旰食，宜(yi)(yi)绌(chu)左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纤佞，进股肱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大臣(chen)。若夫追踪三五，绍复祖宗，宜(yi)(yi)鉴前古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴亡，明(ming)当代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成败。心(xin)有(you)(you)未达，以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)情蔽而(er)不(bu)(bu)得(de)上(shang)通(tong)；行(xing)有(you)(you)未孚，以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)泽壅而(er)不(bu)(bu)得(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)浃。欲人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)，在脩己以(yi)(yi)(yi)先之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；欲气(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)，在遂(sui)性以(yi)(yi)(yi)导之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。救灾旱在致精诚，广播殖(zhi)在视食力(li)。国廪罕(han)畜，本乎(hu)(hu)冗食尚繁；吏道(dao)(dao)多端，本乎(hu)(hu)选(xuan)用失当。豪猾(hua)逾检，繇中外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法殊(shu)；生(sheng)徒惰业，繇学校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官废(fei)；列郡干禁，繇授任非人；百工淫巧，繇制度不(bu)(bu)立。伏(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)圣策(ce)有(you)(you)择官济(ji)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，阜财发(fa)号之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叹，见陛(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)教化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本也(ye)(ye)。且进人以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)，则枝叶(ye)安有(you)(you)难辨(bian)乎(hu)(hu)？防下(xia)(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)，则耻格安有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)形乎(hu)(hu)？念(nian)生(sheng)寡而(er)食众，可罢斥惰游；念(nian)令烦而(er)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鲜，要(yao)察其行(xing)否。博(bo)延群彦(yan)，愿陛(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)必纳其言；造廷待问，则小臣(chen)安敢爱(ai)死？伏(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)圣策(ce)有(you)(you)求贤箴阙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，审政辨(bian)疵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令，见陛(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)咨访(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勤(qin)也(ye)(ye)。遂(sui)小臣(chen)斥奸(jian)豪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志，则弊(bi)革于(yu)前；守陛(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)念(nian)康济(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，则惠敷于(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。邪正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)分，而(er)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)可近；礼(li)乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方著，而(er)和(he)气(qi)克充。至(zhi)若夷吾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，非皇王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)权；严尤所(suo)(suo)陈，无最上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)；元凯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)先，不(bu)(bu)若唐(tang)尧考绩；叔子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)务，不(bu)(bu)若虞舜舞干。且非大德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中庸、上(shang)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龟鉴，又何足为(wei)陛(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉？或(huo)有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)系安危之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)机、兆存(cun)亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变者，臣(chen)请(qing)披肝(gan)胆为(wei)陛(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)别白(bai)而(er)重言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
臣前(qian)所谓“哲王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)治，其(qi)(qi)则不(bu)(bu)(bu)远”者(zhe)(zhe)，在陛下(xia)慎思之(zhi)、力行之(zhi)、始终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)懈而已。谨(jin)按(an)《春(chun)秋》：元者(zhe)(zhe)，气(qi)之(zhi)始也(ye)；春(chun)者(zhe)(zhe)，岁(sui)之(zhi)元也(ye)。《春(chun)秋》以(yi)(yi)元加于(yu)岁(sui)，以(yi)(yi)春(chun)加于(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，明(ming)王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)当奉(feng)若天(tian)道(dao)，以(yi)(yi)谨(jin)其(qi)(qi)始也(ye)。又举(ju)时(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)终(zhong)岁(sui)，举(ju)月以(yi)(yi)终(zhong)时(shi)(shi)，《春(chun)秋》虽(sui)无(wu)(wu)事，必(bi)书首月以(yi)(yi)存(cun)时(shi)(shi)，明(ming)王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)当承天(tian)之(zhi)道(dao)，以(yi)(yi)谨(jin)其(qi)(qi)终(zhong)也(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)动作终(zhong)始必(bi)法于(yu)天(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)运行不(bu)(bu)(bu)息也(ye)。陛下(xia)能谨(jin)其(qi)(qi)始，又能谨(jin)其(qi)(qi)终(zhong)，懋而脩(xiu)之(zhi)，勤(qin)而行之(zhi)，则执契而居简，无(wu)(wu)为而不(bu)(bu)(bu)宰(zai)，广立(li)本之(zhi)大业，崇建中之(zhi)盛德，安有三代循(xun)环之(zhi)弊，百伪滋(zi)炽之(zhi)渐乎？臣故曰：“唯致之(zhi)之(zhi)道(dao)何如(ru)耳。”
臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)前所(suo)(suo)谓“若(ruo)夫(fu)任贤(xian)(xian)惕厉，宵(xiao)衣(yi)旰(gan)食(shi)，宜(yi)(yi)绌左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纤(xian)佞(ning)，进股(gu)肱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)”，实以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)忧劳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)闻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)忧而(er)(er)(er)忧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)必(bi)(bi)衰；宜(yi)(yi)忧而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)必(bi)(bi)危(wei)。陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家存(cun)亡、社(she)稷(ji)安(an)危(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策而(er)(er)(er)降于(yu)清问，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)未(wei)知(zhi)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)布衣(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足与定(ding)(ding)大(da)(da)计耶？或万(wan)(wan)机之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勤有(you)所(suo)(suo)未(wei)至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)，何宜(yi)(yi)忧而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忧乎？臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)先忧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，宫闱将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)变，社(she)稷(ji)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)危(wei)，天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)倾，四海(hai)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)乱。此(ci)四者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)家已然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆，故(gu)(gu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)谓圣虑(lv)宜(yi)(yi)先及(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夫(fu)帝(di)业(ye)艰难而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)容易而(er)(er)(er)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。太祖肇其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)，高(gao)祖勤其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绩，太宗(zong)定(ding)(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)，玄宗(zong)继其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)明，至(zhi)于(yu)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，二百余(yu)(yu)载，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间圣明相(xiang)因，扰乱继作，未(wei)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)贤(xian)(xian)士、近(jin)正(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)能兴者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。或一(yi)日不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)念(nian)，则颠(dian)覆大(da)(da)器，宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耻，万(wan)(wan)古为(wei)(wei)恨。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)谨按(an)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》，人(ren)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，在(zai)体元(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)居正(zheng)(zheng)。昔董仲(zhong)舒为(wei)(wei)汉(han)武帝(di)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略矣，有(you)未(wei)尽(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)得为(wei)(wei)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)备(bei)论之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夫(fu)继故(gu)(gu)必(bi)(bi)书(shu)(shu)即位，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始也(ye)(ye)(ye)；终(zhong)必(bi)(bi)书(shu)(shu)所(suo)(suo)终(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)终(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)(suo)发(fa)必(bi)(bi)正(zheng)(zheng)言，所(suo)(suo)履必(bi)(bi)正(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)，所(suo)(suo)居必(bi)(bi)正(zheng)(zheng)位，所(suo)(suo)近(jin)必(bi)(bi)正(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)。《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》：“阍弑吴(wu)子余(yu)(yu)祭。”书(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名，讥(ji)疏远(yuan)(yuan)贤(xian)(xian)士，昵刑人(ren)，有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。伏惟(wei)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)思(si)祖宗(zong)开(kai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勤，念(nian)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》继故(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诫(jie)。明法度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端，则发(fa)正(zheng)(zheng)言，履正(zheng)(zheng)道(dao)(dao)；杜篡(cuan)弑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐，则居正(zheng)(zheng)位，近(jin)正(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)。远(yuan)(yuan)刀锯(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)残(can)，亲骨鲠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)直，辅相(xiang)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)颛(zhuan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)任，庶寮得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)守其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)官。奈何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亵(xie)近(jin)五六人(ren)总天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)政，外专陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)，内(nei)窃(qie)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)权(quan)(quan)，威(wei)(wei)慑朝廷，势倾海(hai)内(nei)，群臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)莫敢指其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)状，天子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得制其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)，祸(huo)(huo)稔萧(xiao)墙，奸(jian)生帷幄，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)恐曹节(jie)、侯览复生于(yu)今日，此(ci)宫闱将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)变也(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)谨按(an)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》：“定(ding)(ding)公(gong)元(yuan)年春(chun)(chun)王。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言正(zheng)(zheng)月者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)先君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)终(zhong)，则后(hou)(hou)君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始，故(gu)(gu)曰“定(ding)(ding)无(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今忠贤(xian)(xian)无(wu)(wu)腹心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寄，阍寺专废立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)权(quan)(quan)，陷先帝(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)终(zhong)，致陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始，况太子未(wei)立，郊祀(si)未(wei)脩，将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)相(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)归，名器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)定(ding)(ding)，此(ci)社(she)稷(ji)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)危(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)谨按(an)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》：“王札子杀(sha)(sha)召伯、毛伯。”《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，两下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)相(xiang)杀(sha)(sha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)。此(ci)书(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，重其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)颛(zhuan)王命(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)授者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)命(ming)，君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)存(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)令。操其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)而(er)(er)(er)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；侵(qin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命(ming)而(er)(er)(er)专之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)君(jun)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，此(ci)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)倾也(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)谨按(an)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》，晋(jin)赵鞅以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)晋(jin)阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)叛入于(yu)晋(jin)，书(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)归者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，能逐(zhu)君(jun)侧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恶以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)，故(gu)(gu)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今威(wei)(wei)柄陵夷，籓臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)跋扈。有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)达人(ren)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)大(da)(da)节(jie)，而(er)(er)(er)首乱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)君(jun)为(wei)(wei)名；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)究《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微，称兵(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)逐(zhu)恶为(wei)(wei)义。则典刑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)繇天子，征伐必(bi)(bi)自诸侯，此(ci)海(hai)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)乱也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)樊哙(kuai)排闼而(er)(er)(er)雪涕，袁盎(ang)当(dang)车而(er)(er)(er)抗辞(ci)(ci)，京房发(fa)愤以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殒(yun)身，窦(dou)武不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顾(gu)而(er)(er)(er)毕命(ming)，此(ci)皆陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)明知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)谨按(an)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》，晋(jin)狐射姑杀(sha)(sha)阳处父，书(shu)(shu)襄公(gong)杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)漏言也(ye)(ye)(ye)。襄公(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能固阴重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)机，处父所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)残(can)贼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸(huo)(huo)，故(gu)(gu)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》非之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夫(fu)上漏其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)情，则下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢尽(jin)(jin)意(yi)；上泄其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事，则下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢尽(jin)(jin)言。故(gu)(gu)《传》有(you)造膝诡辞(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，《易》有(you)失身害(hai)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戒。今公(gong)卿大(da)(da)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，非不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，虑(lv)陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。忽而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)，必(bi)(bi)泄其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)既言而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行，必(bi)(bi)婴其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祸(huo)(huo)；适足钳直臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口，而(er)(er)(er)重奸(jian)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)(wei)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)欲(yu)(yu)尽(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言则有(you)失身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惧，欲(yu)(yu)尽(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)则有(you)害(hai)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忧，裴回郁塞(sai)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)须陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)感悟，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)尽(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)启(qi)沃。陛(bi)(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)何不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu)(yu)，时(shi)御便殿(dian)，召当(dang)世贤(xian)(xian)相(xiang)老臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，访持变扶危(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋，求定(ding)(ding)倾救(jiu)乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术，塞(sai)阴邪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路，屏亵(xie)狎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)，制侵(qin)陵迫胁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，复门户扫(sao)除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役，戒其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)戒，忧其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)忧。既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得治其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前，当(dang)治于(yu)后(hou)(hou)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)始，当(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)终(zhong)。则可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)虔奉典谟，克承丕构，终(zhong)任贤(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效，无(wu)(wu)宵(xiao)旰(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忧矣。
臣(chen)前所谓“追踪三五，绍复祖宗(zong)，宜鉴(jian)(jian)前古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴亡，明(ming)当时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成败(bai)”者(zhe)(zhe)。臣(chen)闻尧、禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)君(jun)而(er)(er)天下(xia)(xia)大治者(zhe)(zhe)，以能(neng)任(ren)九官(guan)(guan)、四(si)岳、十二牧(mu)，不(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)举，不(bu)(bu)贰其(qi)(qi)(qi)业，不(bu)(bu)侵其(qi)(qi)(qi)职，居官(guan)(guan)唯其(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)，左右唯其(qi)(qi)(qi)贤，元凯在下(xia)(xia)虽(sui)微(wei)而(er)(er)必(bi)举，四(si)凶在朝虽(sui)强(qiang)而(er)(er)必(bi)诛，考(kao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)安危，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)取(qu)舍。至(zhi)秦(qin)二世、汉(han)元成，咸(xian)愿(yuan)措国如唐、虞(yu)，致(zhi)身如尧、舜，而(er)(er)终败(bai)亡者(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)安危之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)机，不(bu)(bu)知取(qu)舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，不(bu)(bu)任(ren)大臣(chen)，不(bu)(bu)辨奸(jian)人，不(bu)(bu)亲忠(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)，不(bu)(bu)远谗佞也(ye)。伏(fu)惟陛下(xia)(xia)察唐、虞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以兴，而(er)(er)景行(xing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)前；鉴(jian)(jian)秦(qin)、汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以亡，而(er)(er)戒惧于(yu)(yu)(yu)后。陛下(xia)(xia)无(wu)(wu)谓庙堂无(wu)(wu)贤相，庶官(guan)(guan)无(wu)(wu)贤士，今纪(ji)纲未(wei)绝，典刑(xing)犹(you)在，人谁不(bu)(bu)欲致(zhi)身为(wei)王(wang)臣(chen)，致(zhi)时为(wei)升平？陛下(xia)(xia)何(he)忽(hu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)用邪(xie)？又有(you)(you)居官(guan)(guan)非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)，左右非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)贤，恶(e)如四(si)凶，诈如赵高，奸(jian)如恭(gong)、显(xian)，陛下(xia)(xia)何(he)惮而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)去邪(xie)？神器(qi)固(gu)有(you)(you)归，天命固(gu)有(you)(you)分(fen)，祖宗(zong)固(gu)有(you)(you)灵，忠(zhong)(zhong)臣(chen)固(gu)有(you)(you)心(xin)，陛下(xia)(xia)其(qi)(qi)(qi)念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉！昔(xi)秦(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡也(ye)，失(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)强(qiang)暴(bao)；汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡也(ye)，失(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)微(wei)弱。强(qiang)暴(bao)则奸(jian)臣(chen)畏(wei)死而(er)(er)害(hai)上，微(wei)弱则强(qiang)臣(chen)窃权而(er)(er)震(zhen)主。臣(chen)伏(fu)见(jian)敬宗(zong)不(bu)(bu)虞(yu)亡秦(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸(huo)，不(bu)(bu)翦其(qi)(qi)(qi)萌(meng)。伏(fu)惟陛下(xia)(xia)深轸亡汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忧，以杜其(qi)(qi)(qi)渐，则祖宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洪业可绍，三五之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遐(xia)轨可追矣。
臣(chen)(chen)前所(suo)(suo)谓陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)“心有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)未(wei)达，以(yi)(yi)下(xia)情塞(sai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能上(shang)通；行(xing)有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)未(wei)孚(fu)(fu)，以(yi)(yi)上(shang)泽壅而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)下(xia)浃”；且(qie)百(bai)(bai)姓有(you)(you)涂炭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦，陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)无(wu)(wu)繇(zhou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)有(you)(you)子惠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，百(bai)(bai)姓无(wu)(wu)繇(zhou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)信。臣(chen)(chen)谨按《春秋(qiu)》书“梁(liang)亡(wang)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书“取”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，梁(liang)自亡(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)思虑昏而(er)(er)(er)(er)耳(er)目(mu)塞(sai)，上(shang)出(chu)恶(e)政(zheng)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)寇盗，皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)，终自取其(qi)(qi)灭亡(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)闻国(guo)(guo)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，重(zhong)(zhong)其(qi)(qi)社(she)稷也(ye)(ye)(ye)；社(she)稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，存其(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)姓也(ye)(ye)(ye)。苟百(bai)(bai)姓不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)存，则(ze)虽社(she)稷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)固其(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)；社(she)稷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)，则(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)君不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)保其(qi)(qi)尊。故治天(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百(bai)(bai)姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情。夫百(bai)(bai)姓者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤(chi)子，陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)宜令慈仁(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)视育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如(ru)(ru)保傅焉(yan)(yan)，如(ru)(ru)乳(ru)哺焉(yan)(yan)，如(ru)(ru)师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教导(dao)焉(yan)(yan)。故人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，恭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)神(shen)明，爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)父母。今或不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)，陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)亲近贵幸(xing)，分曹建署，补除(chu)卒吏(li)(li)，召致宾(bin)客，因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)货贿，假(jia)以(yi)(yi)声(sheng)势(shi)；大者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)统籓方，小(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)守牧，居(ju)上(shang)无(wu)(wu)清惠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)饕餮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)，居(ju)下(xia)无(wu)(wu)忠诚(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)奸欺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)。故人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，畏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)豺狼，恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)仇敌。今海内困穷，处处流散，饥者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)食，寒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)衣，鳏(guan)寡孤独不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)存，老(lao)幼疾病(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)养(yang)，加(jia)以(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)权兵柄(bing)颛(zhuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)左右，贪(tan)臣(chen)(chen)聚敛以(yi)(yi)固宠，奸吏(li)(li)因(yin)(yin)缘(yuan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)弄法，冤(yuan)痛(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)，上(shang)达于(yu)(yu)(yu)九天(tian)，下(xia)入于(yu)(yu)(yu)九泉，鬼神(shen)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怨怒，阴阳(yang)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愆错。君门(men)万重(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)告诉，士人(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)归(gui)化，百(bai)(bai)姓无(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)归(gui)命。官乱人(ren)(ren)(ren)贫，盗贼并起，土崩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势(shi)，忧在旦夕。即(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)幸(xing)因(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)病(bing)疠(li)，继之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)凶(xiong)荒，陈胜、吴广不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)独起于(yu)(yu)(yu)秦，赤(chi)眉、黄巾(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)独生于(yu)(yu)(yu)汉(han)，臣(chen)(chen)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)发愤(fen)扼腕、痛(tong)心泣血也(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)(ru)此则(ze)百(bai)(bai)姓有(you)(you)涂炭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦，陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)何繇(zhou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎？陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)有(you)(you)子惠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，百(bai)(bai)姓安得(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎？使(shi)陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)行(xing)有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)未(wei)孚(fu)(fu)，心有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)未(wei)达，固其(qi)(qi)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)闻汉(han)元(yuan)(yuan)帝即(ji)位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)，更制七十余事，其(qi)(qi)心甚诚(cheng)(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)称(cheng)甚美。然(ran)纪纲日紊(wen)，国(guo)(guo)祚(zuo)日衰，奸宄日强，黎元(yuan)(yuan)日困，繇(zhou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能择(ze)贤明而(er)(er)(er)(er)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，失其(qi)(qi)操柄(bing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。自陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)即(ji)位，忧勤兆(zhao)庶，屡(lv)降德(de)音，四(si)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内，莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)抗首而(er)(er)(er)(er)长(zhang)息(xi)(xi)，自喜(xi)复生于(yu)(yu)(yu)死(si)亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中也(ye)(ye)(ye)。伏惟(wei)陛(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)下(xia)慎终如(ru)(ru)始，以(yi)(yi)塞(sai)四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望。诚(cheng)(cheng)能揭国(guo)(guo)柄(bing)以(yi)(yi)归(gui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)相，持(chi)兵柄(bing)以(yi)(yi)归(gui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)将，去贪(tan)臣(chen)(chen)聚敛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)，除(chu)奸吏(li)(li)因(yin)(yin)缘(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)，惟(wei)忠贤是近，惟(wei)正直(zhi)是用，内宠便(bian)僻无(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)听焉(yan)(yan)。选清慎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，择(ze)仁(ren)惠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)，敏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)利(li)，煦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)和(he)，教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)孝慈，导(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)德(de)义(yi)，去耳(er)目(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塞(sai)，通上(shang)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情，俾万国(guo)(guo)欢康，兆(zhao)庶苏(su)息(xi)(xi)，即(ji)心无(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)达，而(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)无(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孚(fu)(fu)矣。
臣前所谓“欲人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)也(ye)，在(zai)脩(xiu)己以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先之(zhi)(zhi)”，臣闻德以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)脩(xiu)己，教以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)导(dao)人(ren)(ren)。脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，则(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)劝而(er)(er)(er)(er)自立(li)；导(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，则(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)教而(er)(er)(er)(er)率从。君子(zi)欲政之(zhi)(zhi)必行(xing)也(ye)，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)身(shen)先之(zhi)(zhi)；欲人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)从化(hua)(hua)(hua)也(ye)，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道御之(zhi)(zhi)。今陛下(xia)(xia)先之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)身(shen)而(er)(er)(er)(er)政未必行(xing)，御之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)未从化(hua)(hua)(hua)，岂立(li)教之(zhi)(zhi)旨(zhi)未尽其方(fang)邪(xie)？夫立(li)教之(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)，在(zai)乎君以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明制之(zhi)(zhi)，臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)忠(zhong)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)。君以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)明，臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)时为(wei)忠(zhong)。知(zhi)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)任(ren)贤(xian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)去邪(xie)，正(zheng)时则(ze)(ze)固本而(er)(er)(er)(er)守法(fa)。贤(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)任(ren)则(ze)(ze)重赏不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劝善，邪(xie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)去则(ze)(ze)严刑(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禁非(fei)，本不(bu)(bu)(bu)固则(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)流，法(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)守则(ze)(ze)政散，而(er)(er)(er)(er)欲教之(zhi)(zhi)必至，化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)必行(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得也(ye)。陛下(xia)(xia)能斥(chi)奸(jian)邪(xie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)私其左(zuo)右(you)，举贤(xian)正(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遗其疏远，则(ze)(ze)化(hua)(hua)(hua)浃朝(chao)廷矣(yi)。爱(ai)人(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)敦本，分职而(er)(er)(er)(er)奉法(fa)，脩(xiu)其身(shen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及其人(ren)(ren)，始于中而(er)(er)(er)(er)成于外，则(ze)(ze)化(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)天下(xia)(xia)矣(yi)。
臣(chen)前所谓“欲气之(zhi)和(he)也(ye)，在遂其性以导之(zhi)”者，当(dang)纳人(ren)于仁寿(shou)也(ye)。夫欲人(ren)之(zhi)仁寿(shou)也(ye)，在立(li)制度，脩教(jiao)化。夫制度立(li)则(ze)财(cai)用(yong)省(sheng)，财(cai)用(yong)省(sheng)则(ze)赋(fu)敛轻(qing)，赋(fu)敛轻(qing)则(ze)人(ren)富矣(yi)(yi)；教(jiao)化脩则(ze)争竞息，争竞息则(ze)刑罚清，刑罚清则(ze)人(ren)安(an)矣(yi)(yi)。既富矣(yi)(yi)，则(ze)仁义兴焉(yan)；既安(an)矣(yi)(yi)，则(ze)寿(shou)考(kao)至焉(yan)。仁义之(zhi)心(xin)感于下(xia)，和(he)平之(zhi)气应于上，故灾害不作，休祥存臻，四方底宁，万物咸遂矣(yi)(yi)。
臣前所谓“救灾旱在乎致(zhi)精诚”者。臣谨按《春(chun)秋》，鲁僖公一年(nian)之(zhi)中(zhong)，三书“不(bu)雨(yu)”者，以(yi)其人(ren)君有恤人(ren)之(zhi)志也(ye)；文(wen)(wen)公三年(nian)之(zhi)中(zhong)，一书“不(bu)雨(yu)”者，以(yi)其人(ren)君无闵人(ren)之(zhi)心也(ye)。故僖致(zhi)诚而旱不(bu)害物，文(wen)(wen)无恤闵而变则成(cheng)灾。陛下有闵人(ren)之(zhi)志，则无成(cheng)灾之(zhi)变矣。
臣(chen)前所谓(wei)“广播(bo)殖在乎(hu)视(shi)食力(li)”者(zhe)。臣(chen)谨按《春秋》：“君人(ren)者(zhe)必时视(shi)民之所勤。人(ren)勤于力(li)则功筑罕(han)，人(ren)勤于财则贡赋(fu)少，人(ren)勤于食则百(bai)事废(fei)。”今(jin)财食与力(li)皆(jie)勤矣(yi)，愿陛下废(fei)百(bai)事之用，以广三时之务，则播(bo)植不愆(qian)矣(yi)。
臣前所(suo)谓“国(guo)廪(lin)罕蓄(xu)，本乎(hu)冗食(shi)尚繁”者。臣谨按(an)《春秋》：“臧孙辰(chen)告籴于齐。”《春秋》讥其无九年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)蓄(xu)，一年(nian)不登而百姓饥。臣愿斥游惰之(zhi)(zhi)人以笃耕殖，省不急之(zhi)(zhi)费以赡(shan)黎元，则廪(lin)蓄(xu)不乏矣(yi)。
臣(chen)前所谓(wei)“吏道(dao)多端，本(ben)乎选用(yong)失当”者，繇国家(jia)取人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)尽其材、任人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)其要故也(ye)。今陛下之(zhi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)，求其声而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)求其实，故人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)趋进也(ye)，务其末(mo)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)务其本(ben)。臣(chen)愿(yuan)核考课之(zhi)实，定(ding)迁序之(zhi)制(zhi)，则多端之(zhi)吏息矣。
臣(chen)(chen)前所(suo)(suo)谓“豪猾逾检，繇(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法殊”者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)官(guan)(guan)禁(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)也(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)谨按《春秋》，齐桓公盟诸侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)日(ri)，而葵丘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟特(te)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)者，美其(qi)能宣明天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁(jin)(jin)，率奉王(wang)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，故(gu)《春秋》备(bei)而书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)官(guan)(guan)者，五帝、三王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)建也(ye)；法者，高祖、太(tai)(tai)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)制(zhi)也(ye)。法宜画一(yi)，官(guan)(guan)宜正名。今又分外(wai)(wai)官(guan)(guan)、中(zhong)(zhong)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)员，立南司(si)、北司(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局，或犯禁(jin)(jin)于(yu)南则(ze)(ze)(ze)亡命(ming)于(yu)北，或正刑(xing)于(yu)外(wai)(wai)则(ze)(ze)(ze)破(po)律(lv)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)，法出(chu)多门(men)，人无(wu)所(suo)(suo)措，繇(zhou)兵(bing)农势异，而中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)法殊也(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)闻古(gu)者因井(jing)田以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)军(jun)赋，间(jian)农事以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)脩(xiu)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)备(bei)，提封(feng)约卒乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数，命(ming)将在公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)列，故(gu)兵(bing)农一(yi)致，而文(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)方，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)乂邦(bang)家，式遏乱略(lve)。太(tai)(tai)宗置府兵(bing)台省军(jun)卫(wei)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)参掌，闲岁则(ze)(ze)(ze)橐弓力穑，有事则(ze)(ze)(ze)释耒荷戈，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)脩(xiu)复古(gu)制(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)废旧(jiu)物(wu)。今则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然。夏(xia)官(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知兵(bing)籍，止(zhi)于(yu)奉朝请；六军(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)主武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)事，止(zhi)于(yu)养阶勋。军(jun)容合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政，戎(rong)律(lv)附内臣(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)。首一(yi)戴武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)弁，疾文(wen)(wen)(wen)吏(li)如(ru)仇雠；足一(yi)蹈军(jun)门(men)，视(shi)农夫(fu)如(ru)草芥。谋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)翦除奸(jian)凶，而诈足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)抑扬威福；勇(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)镇卫(wei)社稷，而暴足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侵害闾里(li)。羁绁籓(fan)臣(chen)(chen)，干陵宰辅，隳裂王(wang)度，汩乱朝经。张(zhang)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威，上以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)君父；假天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)，下以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)御英豪。有藏(zang)奸(jian)观衅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，无(wu)伏节死难之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谊。岂先(xian)王(wang)经文(wen)(wen)(wen)纬武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨邪！臣(chen)(chen)愿(yuan)陛下贯文(wen)(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，均兵(bing)农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，正贵贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，一(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，还军(jun)卫(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)(zhi)，脩(xiu)省署之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)；近(jin)崇贞观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风，远复成(cheng)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)：自(zi)邦(bang)畿以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑(xing)下国(guo)，始天子(zi)而达诸侯(hou)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)猾奸(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)强，无(wu)逾检之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患矣。
臣(chen)前所谓“生(sheng)徒惰业(ye)(ye)，繇学校(xiao)之官废”者，盖国家(jia)贵其(qi)(qi)禄，贱其(qi)(qi)能(neng)，先其(qi)(qi)事，后(hou)其(qi)(qi)行(xing)，故庶官乏通(tong)经之学，诸生(sheng)无脩业(ye)(ye)之心(xin)矣(yi)。
臣前所(suo)谓“列郡(jun)干禁，繇授(shou)任非人”者，臣以(yi)(yi)为刺史之任，治(zhi)(zhi)乱之根(gen)本(ben)系焉，朝廷之法制(zhi)在焉，权可以(yi)(yi)御(yu)(yu)豪强，恩可以(yi)(yi)惠孤寡，强可以(yi)(yi)御(yu)(yu)奸(jian)寇，政可以(yi)(yi)移(yi)风俗。其将校曾更战阵(zhen)，及功臣子弟，请随宜酬赏。苟无(wu)治(zhi)(zhi)人之术者，不当任此(ci)官(guan)，即绝干禁之患(huan)矣。
臣前所谓(wei)“百工淫巧(qiao)，繇制度不立”者，臣请以官(guan)位禄秩(zhi)制其器用车(che)服，禁(jin)以金银珠玉，锦(jin)绣雕镂(lou)。不蓄(xu)于私(si)室，则无荡心(xin)之巧(qiao)矣。
臣(chen)(chen)(chen)前(qian)所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)“辨(bian)校叶(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，繇考言以询行也；臣(chen)(chen)(chen)前(qian)所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)“形(xing)于耻格”者(zhe)(zhe)，繇道德而(er)齐礼也；臣(chen)(chen)(chen)前(qian)所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)“念生寡(gua)而(er)食众，可(ke)罢(ba)斥惰游”者(zhe)(zhe)，已备(bei)于前(qian)矣(yi)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)前(qian)所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)“令(ling)烦(fan)而(er)治(zhi)(zhi)鲜(xian)，要察(cha)其行否”者(zhe)(zhe)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)闻号令(ling)者(zhe)(zhe)，治(zhi)(zhi)国之具(ju)也。君审而(er)出(chu)之，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)奉而(er)行之，或亏益止留，罪在不赦。今陛下令(ling)烦(fan)而(er)治(zhi)(zhi)鲜(xian)，得非(fei)持(chi)之者(zhe)(zhe)有所(suo)蔽(bi)欺(qi)乎？
臣(chen)(chen)(chen)前谓“博延群彦(yan)，愿陛下(xia)必纳其(qi)言；造廷待问，则小臣(chen)(chen)(chen)其(qi)敢爱(ai)死(si)(si)(si)”者(zhe)。昔晁错为汉削诸侯，非不(bu)知(zhi)祸(huo)之(zhi)将至(zhi)，忠臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)心，壮夫之(zhi)节，苟利社稷，死(si)(si)(si)无(wu)悔焉。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)非不(bu)知(zhi)言发而(er)(er)祸(huo)应，计行而(er)(er)身僇，盖(gai)痛社稷之(zhi)危(wei)，哀生人之(zhi)悔，岂忍姑息时忌，窃陛下(xia)一命之(zhi)宠哉？昔龙逄死(si)(si)(si)而(er)(er)启(qi)商，比干(gan)死(si)(si)(si)而(er)(er)启(qi)周，韩非死(si)(si)(si)而(er)(er)启(qi)汉，陈蕃死(si)(si)(si)而(er)(er)启(qi)魏。今(jin)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)来也，有(you)司或不(bu)敢荐臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)言，陛下(xia)又无(wu)以察臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)心，退必戮于权臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)手(shou)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)幸得从四子游于地下(xia)，固臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)愿也。所不(bu)知(zhi)杀臣(chen)(chen)(chen)者(zhe)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)死(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)后，将孰为启(qi)之(zhi)哉！
至如人(ren)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙，政(zheng)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疵，前(qian)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊，臣既(ji)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。若(ruo)乃(nai)流下(xia)(xia)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惠、脩近古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)而(er)致和平(ping)者，在陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已。然上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所陈者，实以(yi)(yi)臣亲承圣问，敢不条(tiao)对。虽臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愚，以(yi)(yi)为未极教(jiao)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)端、皇王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)道。伏惟陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)事天地以(yi)(yi)教(jiao)人(ren)恭，奉宗庙以(yi)(yi)教(jiao)人(ren)孝，养(yang)高年以(yi)(yi)教(jiao)人(ren)悌长，字百姓(xing)以(yi)(yi)教(jiao)人(ren)慈幼(you)，调元气以(yi)(yi)煦育，扇大(da)和以(yi)(yi)仁(ren)寿，可以(yi)(yi)消摇无为，垂拱成化。至若(ruo)念陶钧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，在择(ze)宰(zai)相以(yi)(yi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使权造化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柄；念保定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，在择(ze)将帅以(yi)(yi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使脩阃外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寄；念百度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求正，在择(ze)庶官面任(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使颛职业之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守；念百姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怨痛，在择(ze)良吏以(yi)(yi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使明惠养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术。自然言足以(yi)(yi)为天下(xia)(xia)教(jiao)，动足以(yi)(yi)为天下(xia)(xia)法，仁(ren)足以(yi)(yi)劝善，义(yi)足以(yi)(yi)禁非，又何(he)必宵衣旰食，劳(lao)神惕虑，然后致治(zhi)哉！
是时，第策官(guan)左散(san)骑常侍冯宿、太常少(shao)卿贾餗、库部郎中庞严见蕡对嗟伏，以为过古晁(chao)、董，而(er)畏中官(guan)眦睚，不敢(gan)取。士人读其辞，至感概(gai)流涕者。谏官(guan)御史交章(zhang)论其直。
于(yu)时，被选者二(er)十(shi)有三人(ren)，所(suo)(suo)言(yan)皆冗龊常(chang)务，类得优调。河(he)南府参军(jun)事李(li)郃曰：“蕡(fen)逐我留，吾(wu)颜其(qi)厚邪(xie)！”乃上疏曰：“陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)御正殿求直(zhi)言(yan)，使(shi)人(ren)得自(zi)奋。臣(chen)(chen)才志(zhi)懦(nuo)劣，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)质今古(gu)(gu)是非(fei)，使(shi)陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)闻未(wei)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，行未(wei)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，忽忽内思，愧羞神明(ming)。今蕡(fen)所(suo)(suo)对，敢空臆(yi)尽(jin)言(yan)，至(zhi)皇王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成败，陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)防(fang)闲，时政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安危(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)私所(suo)(suo)料，又引《春秋》为据(ju)，汉、魏以(yi)(yi)来，无(wu)与蕡(fen)比。有司以(yi)(yi)言(yan)涉讦忤(wu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢闻。自(zi)诏书下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，万(wan)(wan)口籍(ji)籍(ji)，叹其(qi)诚(cheng)鲠，至(zhi)于(yu)垂泣，谓(wei)蕡(fen)指切左右(you)，畏(wei)近臣(chen)(chen)衔(xian)怒(nu)，变兴(xing)非(fei)常(chang)，朝野惴(zhui)息(xi)，诚(cheng)恐忠(zhong)良(liang)道(dao)穷，纲纪(ji)遂(sui)绝，季汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱，复兴(xing)于(yu)今。以(yi)(yi)陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)仁(ren)圣，近臣(chen)(chen)故无(wu)害忠(zhong)良(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋；以(yi)(yi)宗庙威严，近臣(chen)(chen)故无(wu)速败亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸。指事取验，何惧(ju)直(zhi)言(yan)？且陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)言(yan)召天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)士，蕡(fen)以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)言(yan)副陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)问，虽(sui)(sui)讦必容，虽(sui)(sui)过当奖，书于(yu)史(shi)策，千古(gu)(gu)光明(ming)。使(shi)万(wan)(wan)有一蕡(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)幸死，天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)必曰陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)阴杀谠直(zhi)，结雠(chou)海内，忠(zhong)义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，皆惮诛夷，人(ren)心一摇，无(wu)以(yi)(yi)自(zi)解。况臣(chen)(chen)所(suo)(suo)对，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及蕡(fen)远(yuan)甚，内怀愧耻，自(zi)谓(wei)贤良(liang)，奈人(ren)言(yan)何！乞回臣(chen)(chen)所(suo)(suo)授(shou)，以(yi)(yi)旌蕡(fen)直(zhi)。臣(chen)(chen)逃苟且之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惭，朝有公正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路，陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)免(mian)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疑，顾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)美哉！”帝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纳。郃字子玄(xuan)，后历贺(he)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。
蕡对后七年，有甘露之难。令狐楚、牛僧(seng)孺节度山南(nan)东西道，皆(jie)表(biao)蕡幕(mu)府，授秘(mi)书郎(lang)，以师礼礼之。而(er)宦人深嫉蕡，诬以罪，贬柳州司户参军，卒。
始，帝恭俭(jian)求治，志除(chu)凶人(ren)，然懦而不(bu)(bu)睿，臣(chen)下畏祸(huo)不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)言，故蕡对极陈晋襄公杀阳处父(fu)以(yi)戒帝，又引(yin)阍弑(shi)吴(wu)子，阴(yin)赞帝决。帝后与(yu)宋(song)申(shen)锡谋诛守(shou)澄不(bu)(bu)克，守(shou)澄废帝弟漳王而斥申(shen)锡，帝依(yi)违其间，不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)主(zhu)也。贾餗(su)与(yu)王涯(ya)、李训、舒元舆位宰(zai)相，以(yi)谋败(bai)，皆为中官夷其宗，而宦者益横，帝以(yi)忧崩。
及(ji)昭(zhao)宗诛韩全诲等，左拾遗罗衮上言：“蕡(fen)当(dang)太和(he)时(shi)，宦官始(shi)炽，因直言策(ce)请夺爵土，复扫除之(zhi)役，遂罹谴逐，身(shen)死异土，六(liu)十余年，正人义夫切齿饮(yin)泣。比(bi)陛下(xia)幽东内，幸(xing)西州，王室几(ji)丧(sang)。使(shi)蕡(fen)策(ce)早用，则(ze)杜渐防萌(meng)，逆节可(ke)消，宁殷忧多难，远(yuan)及(ji)圣世(shi)耶！今天地反正，枉魄愤(fen)胔，有望于陛下(xia)。”帝感悟，赠蕡(fen)左谏议大夫，访(fang)子(zi)孙授以官云。
赞(zan)曰：汉武帝(di)三策董仲舒，仲舒所(suo)对(dui)，陈天(tian)人(ren)大概，缓而(er)不切也。蕡与(yu)诸儒偕进，独讥切宦(huan)官，然(ran)亦太疏直矣。戒帝(di)漏言，而(er)身诵语于(yu)廷，何邪？其(qi)后(hou)宋申锡(xi)以(yi)谋泄贬，李训以(yi)计不臧死，宦(huan)者遂强，可不戒哉(zai)！意蕡之贤(xian)，当先以(yi)忠结上，后(hou)为帝(di)谋天(tian)下(xia)所(suo)以(yi)安危(wei)者，庶其(qi)纾患耶！
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