列传第(di)一百二十五 儒(ru)学下
褚无量,字弘度,杭州盐官人。幼授经于沈子正、曹福,刻意坟典。家滨临平湖,有龙出,人皆走观,无量尚幼,读书若不闻,众异之。尤精《礼》、司马《史记》。擢明经第,累除国子博士,迁司业兼修文馆学士。
中宗将(jiang)南(nan)郊,诏定仪(yi)典。时(shi)祝钦明、郭山恽建言皇后为(wei)(wei)亚献(xian),无(wu)(wu)量(liang)与(yu)太常博士唐绍、蒋钦绪固(gu)争,以为(wei)(wei):“郊祀,国(guo)大事,其折衷(zhong)莫如《周(zhou)礼(li)》。《周(zhou)礼(li)》冬至祭天(tian)圆丘,不(bu)(bu)以地(di)配(pei),唯始祖(zu)为(wei)(wei)主,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)以妣配(pei),故后不(bu)(bu)得与(yu)。又《大宗伯》:‘凡大祭祀,王后不(bu)(bu)与(yu),则摄而(er)荐豆笾,彻。’是后不(bu)(bu)应助(zhu)祭。又内(nei)宰职‘大祭祀,后祼献(xian)则赞(zan)瑶爵。’祭天(tian)无(wu)(wu)祼,知此乃宗庙祭耳。巾(jin)车(che)、内(nei)司服,掌(zhang)后六服与(yu)五路,无(wu)(wu)后祭天(tian)之服与(yu)路,是后不(bu)(bu)助(zhu)祭天(tian)也。惟汉有天(tian)地(di)合祭,皇后参(can)享事。末代黩神,事不(bu)(bu)经见,不(bu)(bu)可为(wei)(wei)法。”时(shi)左仆射韦巨源(yuan)佐钦明,故无(wu)(wu)量(liang)议格。以母老解(jie)官。
玄宗为太子(zi)(zi),复拜国(guo)子(zi)(zi)司(si)业(ye)兼(jian)(jian)侍读,撰《翼善记(ji)》以进,厚被礼答。太子(zi)(zi)释奠国(guo)学,令(ling)讲经(jing),建端树(shu)义,博敏而辩,进银(yin)青光禄大夫,锡予蕃(fan)渥。及(ji)即(ji)位,迁左(zuo)散骑常侍兼(jian)(jian)国(guo)子(zi)(zi)祭(ji)酒,封(feng)舒国(guo)公。母丧解,诏(zhao)州(zhou)刺史薛莹吊(diao)祭(ji),赐物加(jia)等(deng)。庐墓左(zuo),鹿犯所植松柏,无(wu)量号诉曰:“山林不(bu)乏,忍犯吾茔树(shu)耶?”自是群鹿驯(xun)扰,不(bu)复枨(cheng)触(chu),无(wu)量为终身(shen)不(bu)御(yu)其(qi)肉。丧除,召复故官。以耆老,随仗(zhang)听徐行,又为设(she)腰(yao)舆,许乘入殿中。频(pin)上书陈得失。
开元五年,帝(di)(di)将幸(xing)东都而太庙坏,姚(yao)崇建(jian)言(yan):“庙本苻坚故殿,不(bu)宜罢(ba)行(xing)。”无(wu)量(liang)鄙其言(yan),以(yi)为不(bu)足听(ting),乃上(shang)疏(shu)曰:“王者阴盛(sheng)阳微,则(ze)先(xian)祖见变。今后宫非御幸(xing)者,宜悉出之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)应变异。举畯(jun)良,撙奢靡,轻赋,慎刑,纳谏争,察谄谀,继绝世,则(ze)天人(ren)(ren)和会,灾异讫(qi)息(xi)。”帝(di)(di)是崇语,车驾遂东。无(wu)量(liang)又(you)上(shang)言(yan):“昔虞舜(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)狩(shou),秩山川,遍群(qun)神(shen)。汉孝景祠黄帝(di)(di)桥山,孝武祠舜(shun)(shun)九疑,高(gao)祖过魏祭信陵(ling)君墓(mu),过赵封(feng)(feng)乐(le)毅(yi)后,孝章祠桓谭(tan)冢。愿陛(bi)下所(suo)过名(ming)山、大川、丘陵(ling)、坟衍(yan),古(gu)帝(di)(di)王、贤(xian)臣在(zai)祀典者,并诏致祭。自古(gu)受(shou)命之(zhi)(zhi)君,必兴灭(mie)继绝,崇德(de)报功。故存(cun)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)国,大于(yu)救人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)灾;立人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)后,重于(yu)封(feng)(feng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)墓(mu)。愿到(dao)东都,收叙唐初(chu)逮今功臣世绝者,虽在(zai)支(zhi)庶,咸得承袭。”帝(di)(di)纳其言(yan),即诏无(wu)量(liang)祠尧平阳,宋璟祠舜(shun)(shun)蒲坂(ban),苏颋(ting)祠禹(yu)安(an)邑,在(zai)所(suo)刺史参献。又(you)求(qiu)武德(de)以(yi)来勋臣苗裔,绍续其封(feng)(feng)。
初,内府旧书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),自高宗时藏宫中,甲乙丛倒,无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)建请(qing)缮录补第,以(yi)(yi)广秘籍。天子(zi)诏(zhao)(zhao)于(yu)东(dong)都乾元殿东(dong)厢部汇整比,无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)为之(zhi)(zhi)使。因(yin)表闻(wen)喜尉(wei)(wei)卢僎、江夏尉(wei)(wei)陆去泰、左监门率府胄(zhou)(zhou)曹参军王(wang)择(ze)从(cong)、武陟尉(wei)(wei)徐楚璧分部雠定。卫尉(wei)(wei)设次,光(guang)禄(lu)给食。又诏(zhao)(zhao)秘书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng)、司经局、昭文、崇文二馆更(geng)相(xiang)(xiang)检雠,采天下遗书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)益阙(que)文。不数(shu)年,四(si)库完(wan)治。帝诏(zhao)(zhao)群(qun)臣观书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),赐无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)等帛有(you)差。无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)又言:“贞观御书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皆宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)署(shu)尾,臣位卑不足以(yi)(yi)辱,请(qing)与宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)联名(ming)跋尾。”不从(cong)。帝西(xi)还(hai),徙书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)丽正(zheng)殿,更(geng)以(yi)(yi)脩书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)学士(shi)为丽正(zheng)殿直学士(shi),比京官(guan)预朝会。复诏(zhao)(zhao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)就丽正(zheng)纂续前功。皇太(tai)子(zi)及四(si)王(wang)未(wei)就学,无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)以(yi)(yi)《孝经》、《论语》五(wu)通(tong)献(xian)帝。帝曰:“朕(zhen)知之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。”乃选郗(xi)常(chang)亨、郭谦光(guang)、潘元祚(zuo)等为太(tai)子(zi)、诸王(wang)侍读(du)。七(qi)年,太(tai)子(zi)齿胄(zhou)(zhou)于(yu)学,诏(zhao)(zhao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)升坐(zuo)讲(jiang)(jiang)劝,百(bai)官(guan)观礼,厚(hou)赉赐。卒(zu),年七(qi)十(shi)五(wu)。病(bing)困语人,以(yi)(yi)丽正(zheng)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)未(wei)毕为恨。帝闻(wen)悼痛,诏(zhao)(zhao)宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)曰:“无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang),朕(zhen)师,今其永逝,宜用优典。”于(yu)是赠礼部尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),谥曰文,葬事官(guan)给。所撰(zhuan)述百(bai)余篇。殁(mo)后有(you)于(yu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)殿得讲(jiang)(jiang)《史记》、《至言》十(shi)二篇上之(zhi)(zhi),帝叹息,以(yi)(yi)绢五(wu)百(bai)匹赐其家(jia)。
始,无量与马怀素(su)为侍读,后(hou)秘书(shu)少监康子(zi)原、国子(zi)博士侯行果亦(yi)践其选,虽赏(shang)赉亟加,而礼遇衰矣。
陆去泰(tai),历左右补阙(que)内供奉。
王择(ze)从,京兆人,终汜水令。
徐楚璧,初(chu)应制举(ju),三登甲(jia)科,开元时为中(zhong)书舍人(ren)、集贤院学士(shi),帝属文多令视草。终中(zhong)书侍郎,东海县子。在中(zhong)书省久,是时李(li)林甫用(yong)事,或言计议多所(suo)参助。后更名安(an)贞。
元澹(dan),字(zi)行(xing)冲,以(yi)(yi)字(zi)显(xian),后魏常(chang)山王素莲之后。少孤,养于外祖司农(nong)卿(qing)韦机。及(ji)长(zhang),博(bo)学(xue),尤通故训。及(ji)进士第,累迁通事舍人。狄仁(ren)杰器之。尝谓仁(ren)杰曰:“下之事上,譬富家(jia)储积以(yi)(yi)自(zi)资也,脯腊膎(xie)胰以(yi)(yi)供滋膳,参术芝(zhi)桂以(yi)(yi)防疾(ji)疢(chen)。门下充旨(zhi)味者多矣(yi),愿以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)人备一药石,可(ke)乎?”仁(ren)杰笑曰:“君正吾药笼中(zhong)物,不可(ke)一日无也。”
景云中,授太常少卿(qing)。行冲以(yi)系出拓拔,恨史无(wu)编年,乃撰《魏典》三十篇,事详文约,学者尚之(zhi)。初(chu),魏明帝时,河西柳谷(gu)出石,有牛(niu)继马之(zhi)象。魏收以(yi)晋(jin)(jin)元(yuan)帝乃牛(niu)氏子冒(mao)司马姓,以(yi)著石符。行冲谓(wei)昭成皇帝名犍,继晋(jin)(jin)受命(ming),独此可以(yi)当之(zhi)。有人破(po)古冢得铜器(qi),似琵(pi)琶,身正圆,人莫能(neng)辨。行冲曰:“此阮咸所作器(qi)也。”命(ming)易以(yi)木,弦(xian)之(zhi),其(qi)声亮(liang)雅,乐家遂谓(wei)之(zhi)“阮咸”。
开(kai)元初,罢太子(zi)詹事,出(chu)为岐州刺史,兼关(guan)内(nei)按察(cha)使。自(zi)以书(shu)(shu)生,非(fei)弹治才,固辞。入(ru)为右散(san)骑常(chang)侍、东都(dou)副留守。嗣彭王子(zi)志谦坐仇(chou)人告变,考讯自(zi)诬,株(zhu)蔓(man)数十人,行(xing)冲(chong)察(cha)其枉,列奏见原。四迁大理卿,不乐法家,固谢(xie)所居官,改左散(san)骑常(chang)侍,封常(chang)山县公。充使检(jian)校(xiao)集贤(xian),再迁太子(zi)宾客、弘文馆学(xue)士。先是,马怀(huai)素撰书(shu)(shu)志,褚(chu)无(wu)量校(xiao)丽正四部书(shu)(shu),业未卒(zu),相次(ci)物故。诏(zhao)行(xing)冲(chong)并代(dai)之。玄宗(zong)自(zi)注《孝经》,诏(zhao)行(xing)冲(chong)为疏,立于(yu)学(xue)官。以老罢丽正校(xiao)书(shu)(shu)事。
初,魏光乘请用魏征《类礼》列(lie)于(yu)(yu)经,帝(di)(di)命行冲(chong)与诸(zhu)(zhu)儒集义(yi)作疏,将(jiang)立之(zhi)学,乃(nai)引(yin)国子(zi)博士范行恭(gong)、四门助教(jiao)施(shi)敬本采(cai)获刊缀为五十篇(pian),上于(yu)(yu)官。于(yu)(yu)是右(you)丞相(xiang)张说(shuo)建言(yan):“戴圣(sheng)所录,向已千载(zai),与经并立,不可罢。魏孙炎始因(yin)旧书擿(zhi)类相(xiang)比,有(you)如(ru)钞(chao)缀,诸(zhu)(zhu)儒共非之(zhi)。至(zhi)征更加整(zheng)次,乃(nai)为训注,恐不可用。”帝(di)(di)然之(zhi),书留中不出。行冲(chong)意诸(zhu)(zhu)儒间(jian)己,因(yin)著论自(zi)辩,名曰《释疑》。曰:
客问主人(ren):“小(xiao)戴之(zhi)学(xue),康成之(zhi)注(zhu),魏(wei)氏乃(nai)(nai)有(you)刊易,二(er)经(jing)孰优(you)?”主人(ren)曰(yue):“《小(xiao)戴礼》行(xing)于(yu)汉末(mo),马融为(wei)传,卢植(zhi)合二(er)十九篇(pian)而为(wei)之(zhi)解,世所不(bu)传。钩党狱起,康成于(yu)窜伏之(zhi)中(zhong),理纷挐之(zhi)典,虽(sui)存(cun)探究(jiu),咨谋靡所。具《郑志》者百(bai)有(you)余科(ke),章句(ju)之(zhi)徒,曾不(bu)是省(sheng)。王(wang)肃因之(zhi),或多(duo)攻诋。而郑学(xue)有(you)孙炎,虽(sui)扶(fu)郑义(yi),条例支分,箴石间起,增革百(bai)篇(pian)。魏(wei)氏病群言之(zhi)冗脞,采众说之(zhi)精简,刊正(zheng)芟(shan)砻(long),书毕以闻(wen),太(tai)宗(zong)嘉赏,录赐储贰(er)。陛下纂业,宜所循袭,乃(nai)(nai)制诸儒,甄分旧(jiu)义(yi)。岂悟章句(ju)之(zhi)士(shi),坚持(chi)昔言,摈(bin)压不(bu)申,疑(yi)于(yu)知新,果于(yu)仍故?”
客曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“当局(ju)称迷,傍观(guan)必(bi)审,何所为疑(yi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)申列?”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“改(gai)易章(zhang)(zhang)句,是(shi)有(you)五(wu)难:汉孔(kong)(kong)安国注《古文尚书(shu)》,族(zu)兄(xiong)臧(zang)与(yu)书(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘相(xiang)如常忿俗儒淫词冒义(yi),欲(yu)拨乱(luan)反正(zheng)(zheng)而(er)(er)未(wei)(wei)能也(ye)(ye)(ye)。浮学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)守(shou)株,众非(fei)非(fei)正(zheng)(zheng),自(zi)古而(er)(er)然,恐此(ci)道(dao)(dao)未(wei)(wei)信,而(er)(er)独(du)智为谴。’一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。昔孔(kong)(kong)季产(chan)(chan)专(zhuan)古学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),有(you)孔(kong)(kong)扶者与(yu)俗浮沈,每(mei)诫产(chan)(chan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘今朝廷率章(zhang)(zhang)句内(nei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),君独(du)脩古义(yi)。古义(yi)非(fei)章(zhang)(zhang)句内(nei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),危身之(zhi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye),独(du)善不(bu)(bu)容于世,君其(qi)(qi)殆哉!’二也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘歆(xin)(xin)好《左氏》,欲(yu)建学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)官,哀(ai)帝纳之(zhi),诸儒迁延不(bu)(bu)肯置对。歆(xin)(xin)移(yi)书(shu)诮让,诸博(bo)士皆(jie)忿恨(hen)。龚(gong)胜时为光禄大(da)(da)夫,见歆(xin)(xin)议(yi)(yi),乃乞骸骨。司空师丹因大(da)(da)发(fa)怒,诋(di)(di)歆(xin)(xin)改(gai)乱(luan)前志,非(fei)毁先(xian)帝所立。歆(xin)(xin)惧,出为五(wu)原太(tai)守(shou)。以(yi)君宾(bin)之(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),公仲之(zhi)博(bo),犹迫同门(men)朋党之(zhi)议(yi)(yi),卒令子(zi)骏(jun)负谤。三也(ye)(ye)(ye)。王肃(su)规郑(zheng)玄数千百(bai)条,郑(zheng)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)马昭诋(di)(di)劾(he)肃(su)短。诏遣博(bo)士张融按经(jing)问(wen)诘,融推处是(shi)非(fei),而(er)(er)肃(su)酬对疲于岁时。四(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。王粲曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘世称伊、雒以(yi)东(dong),淮、汉以(yi)北,康成(cheng)一人(ren)而(er)(er)已。咸言(yan)先(xian)儒多阙,郑(zheng)氏道(dao)(dao)备。’粲窃嗟怪,因求所学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),得《尚书(shu)注》,退思(si)其(qi)(qi)意,意皆(jie)尽矣,所疑(yi)犹未(wei)(wei)谕焉,凡(fan)有(you)二篇。王邵(shao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘魏(wei)、晋(jin)浮华(hua),古道(dao)(dao)湮(yin)替,历载(zai)三百(bai),士大(da)(da)夫耻为章(zhang)(zhang)句。唯草野生(sheng)专(zhuan)经(jing)自(zi)许,不(bu)(bu)能博(bo)究,择从其(qi)(qi)善,徒欲(yu)父康成(cheng),兄(xiong)子(zi)慎,宁(ning)道(dao)(dao)孔(kong)(kong)圣误,讳言(yan)郑(zheng)、服(fu)非(fei)。’然则(ze)郑(zheng)、服(fu)之(zhi)外,皆(jie)雠矣。五(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫物极则(ze)变(bian),比及(ji)百(bai)年,当有(you)明哲君子(zi),恨(hen)不(bu)(bu)与(yu)吾同世者。道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)行废,必(bi)有(you)其(qi)(qi)时者欤?何遽速近名(ming)之(zhi)嫌邪(xie)?”
俄丐致仕,十(shi)七(qi)年卒,年七(qi)十(shi)七(qi),赠礼部尚书(shu),谥曰献。
陈贞(zhen)节,颍川人。开(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)初,为(wei)右拾(shi)遗。初,隐(yin)、章(zhang)怀、懿德(de)(de)、节愍四(si)(si)(si)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)并(bing)建陵庙(miao)(miao)(miao),分八署(shu),置官(guan)(guan)列吏卒(zu),四(si)(si)(si)时祠官(guan)(guan)进飨。贞(zhen)节以为(wei)非(fei)是,上言(yan)(yan):“王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)制祀(si)(si),以功德(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)犹(you)亲(qin)(qin)尽而(er)毁,四(si)(si)(si)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)皆(jie)别祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),无功于(yu)人,而(er)园(yuan)祠时荐,有(you)(you)司守卫,与(yu)列帝(di)侔。金奏(zou)登(deng)歌(ge),所(suo)以颂功德(de)(de),《诗》曰:‘钟鼓(gu)既(ji)设(she),一朝飨之(zhi)(zhi)。’使无功而(er)颂,不(bu)(bu)曰舞咏非(fei)度邪(xie)?周制:始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)乃(nai)(nai)称小庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。未(wei)知四(si)(si)(si)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)欲何(he)(he)名乎(hu)?请罢卒(zu)吏,诏(zhao)祠官(guan)(guan)无领属(shu),以应礼典(dian)。古者(zhe)(zhe)别子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故有(you)(you)大、小宗。若谓(wei)祀(si)(si)未(wei)可绝(jue),宜许所(suo)后子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)奉(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)。”诏(zhao)有(you)(you)司博议。驾部员外郎裴子(zi)(zi)(zi)余曰:“四(si)(si)(si)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)先(xian)帝(di)冢(zhong)嗣,列圣念懿属(shu)而(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)享。《春秋》书(shu)晋世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰:‘将(jiang)以晋畀秦,秦将(jiang)祀(si)(si)予(yu)。’此不(bu)(bu)祀(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)。又言(yan)(yan):‘神不(bu)(bu)歆非(fei)类,君祀(si)(si)无乃(nai)(nai)戾乎(hu)!’此有(you)(you)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)。鲁定公元(yuan)(yuan)年,立炀宫。炀,伯禽子(zi)(zi)(zi),季(ji)氏远祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),尚不(bu)(bu)为(wei)限,况天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)笃亲(qin)(qin)亲(qin)(qin)以及(ji)旁期(qi),谁不(bu)(bu)曰然?”太常博士段(duan)同(tong)曰:“四(si)(si)(si)陵庙(miao)(miao)(miao)皆(jie)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)睦亲(qin)(qin)继绝(jue)也(ye)(ye)。逝者(zhe)(zhe)锡蘋繁,犹(you)生者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)开(kai)茅(mao)土。古封建子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟,讵(ju)皆(jie)有(you)(you)功?生无所(suo)议,死乃(nai)(nai)援礼停祠,人其(qi)谓(wei)何(he)(he)?隐(yin)于(yu)上,伯祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye),服(fu)(fu)(fu)缌;章(zhang)怀,伯父(fu)也(ye)(ye),服(fu)(fu)(fu)期(qi);懿德(de)(de)、节愍,堂昆弟也(ye)(ye),服(fu)(fu)(fu)大功。亲(qin)(qin)未(wei)尽,庙(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)可废。”礼部尚书(shu)郑(zheng)惟忠等二十七人亦附其(qi)言(yan)(yan)。于(yu)是四(si)(si)(si)陵庙(miao)(miao)(miao)惟减吏卒(zu)半(ban),它如旧。
迁太(tai)常博士。玄宗(zong)(zong)(zong)奉(feng)昭成皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)祔睿(rui)(rui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)室,又(you)欲肃明皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)并(bing)升焉。贞节奏言(yan):“庙(miao)必有(you)(you)配(pei),一帝(di)一后(hou),礼之正也。昭成皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)有(you)(you)太(tai)姒之德,宜升配(pei)睿(rui)(rui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong);肃明皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)既非子贵,宜在别(bie)庙(miao)。周人(ren)‘奏夷则,歌(ge)小吕,以(yi)享先妣(bi)(bi)’。先妣(bi)(bi),姜嫄也,以(yi)生后(hou)稷,故(gu)(gu)特立庙(miao)曰閟宫。晋简文帝(di)郑宣皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)不(bu)(bu)配(pei)食,筑宫于(yu)外,以(yi)岁时致(zhi)享。肃明请准周姜嫄、晋宣后(hou),纳主(zhu)(zhu)别(bie)庙(miao),时享如仪。”于(yu)是,留主(zhu)(zhu)仪坤庙(miao),诏隶(li)太(tai)庙(miao),毋置官属。贞节又(you)与(yu)博士苏献(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)言(yan):“睿(rui)(rui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)于(yu)孝和,弟(di)(di)(di)也。按(an)贺(he)循说,兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)相为(wei)后(hou)。故(gu)(gu)殷盘庚不(bu)(bu)序(xu)阳甲,而上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)继(ji)先君;汉光武不(bu)(bu)嗣孝成,而上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)承元帝(di);晋怀帝(di)继(ji)世祖,不(bu)(bu)继(ji)惠(hui)帝(di)。故(gu)(gu)阳甲、孝成出为(wei)别(bie)庙(miao)。”又(you)言(yan):“兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)共世,昭穆(mu)位同,则毁二庙(miao)。有(you)(you)天(tian)下(xia)者,从祢(mi)而上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)事七(qi)(qi)庙(miao),尊者所(suo)统广,故(gu)(gu)及远祖。若(ruo)容兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di),则上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)毁祖考,天(tian)子不(bu)(bu)得全事七(qi)(qi)世矣。请以(yi)中宗(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)别(bie)庙(miao),大祫则合食太(tai)祖。奉(feng)睿(rui)(rui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)继(ji)高宗(zong)(zong)(zong),则祼献(xian)(xian)永序(xu)。”诏可(ke)。乃奉(feng)中宗(zong)(zong)(zong)别(bie)庙(miao),升睿(rui)(rui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)第(di)七(qi)(qi)室。
五(wu)年(nian)(nian),太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)坏(huai)(huai),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)舍神主太(tai)(tai)极殿,营新庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),素服避正(zheng)(zheng)寝,三(san)百不(bu)(bu)(bu)朝,犹(you)幸东都。伊阙男(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上书(shu)曰(yue):“乃正(zheng)(zheng)月太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)毁,此跻(ji)(ji)二(er)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)。《春(chun)秋》:‘君薨(hong),卒(zu)哭而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祔(fu),祔(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)作主,特祀于(yu)(yu)主,烝尝(chang)禘(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。’今(jin)(jin)皆违(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。鲁(lu)文公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)年(nian)(nian),跻(ji)(ji)僖于(yu)(yu)闵(min)上,后(hou)太(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)坏(huai)(huai),《春(chun)秋》书(shu)其(qi)灾,说曰(yue):‘僖虽闵(min)兄(xiong)(xiong),尝(chang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),臣(chen)居君上,是谓失(shi)礼,故太(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)坏(huai)(huai)。’且兄(xiong)(xiong)臣(chen)于(yu)(yu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di),犹(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可跻(ji)(ji);弟(di)(di)(di)(di)尝(chang)臣(chen)兄(xiong)(xiong),乃可跻(ji)(ji)乎(hu)?庄公(gong)薨(hong),闵(min)公(gong)二(er)年(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禘(di)(di),《春(chun)秋》非(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。况(kuang)大行夏崩,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)冬禘(di)(di),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)亟乎(hu)?太(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)尊所(suo),若曰(yue)鲁(lu)自是陵夷(yi),堕周公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀。太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)今(jin)(jin)坏(huai)(huai),意者(zhe)其(qi)将陵夷(yi),堕先帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀乎(hu)?陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)未(wei)祭孝(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he),先祭太(tai)(tai)上皇,先臣(chen)后(hou)君。昔跻(ji)(ji)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)上,今(jin)(jin)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)先兄(xiong)(xiong)祭。昔太(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)坏(huai)(huai),今(jin)(jin)太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)毁,与《春(chun)秋》正(zheng)(zheng)同,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)察。武后(hou)篡国(guo),孝(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)中(zhong)兴有功,今(jin)(jin)内主别(bie)祠,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得立(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)世(shi),亦(yi)已薄矣(yi)。夫功不(bu)(bu)(bu)可弃,君不(bu)(bu)(bu)可下(xia)(xia),长不(bu)(bu)(bu)可轻。且臣(chen)继(ji)君,犹(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)继(ji)父。故禹不(bu)(bu)(bu)先鲧,周不(bu)(bu)(bu)先不(bu)(bu)(bu)窋,宋、郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乙、厉王(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肖,犹(you)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),况(kuang)中(zhong)兴邪?晋(jin)(jin)(jin)太(tai)(tai)康时,宣帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)地(di)陷梁折(zhe),又(you)三(san)年(nian)(nian),太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)殿陷而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)及(ji)泉,更营之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),梁又(you)折(zhe)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)谴,非(fei)必朽而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)坏(huai)(huai)也(ye)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)承(cheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian),故及(ji)于(yu)(yu)乱。臣(chen)谓宜迁孝(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)还(hai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),何必违(wei)礼,下(xia)(xia)同鲁(lu)、晋(jin)(jin)(jin)哉(zai)?”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)异其(qi)言,诏有司(si)复议。贞节(jie)、献与博士(shi)冯宗(zong)(zong)质之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),三(san)昭三(san)穆(mu),与太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)七(qi)。父昭子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)穆(mu),兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与焉。殷自成(cheng)汤至帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乙十二(er)君,其(qi)父子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)世(shi)六(liu)。《易乾凿度(du)》曰(yue):‘殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乙六(liu)世(shi)王(wang)。’则兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)矣(yi)。殷人六(liu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):亲庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)四(si),并汤而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)六(liu)。殷兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)君,若以为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi),方(fang)上毁四(si)室(shi)(shi),乃无(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)祢,是必不(bu)(bu)(bu)然。古者(zhe)繇祢极祖(zu),虽迭(die)毁迭(die)迁,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)三(san)昭穆(mu)未(wei)尝(chang)阙也(ye)。《礼》:大宗(zong)(zong)无(wu)(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则立(li)(li)支子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。又(you)曰(yue):‘为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人后(hou)者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。’无(wu)(wu)(wu)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)相(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)者(zhe),故舍至亲,取远属。父子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)继(ji),兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)及(ji),兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)入庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),尚(shang)矣(yi)。借有兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)代立(li)(li)承(cheng)统(tong),告(gao)享不(bu)(bu)(bu)得称嗣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、嗣孙(sun),乃言伯考(kao)、伯祖(zu),何统(tong)绪乎(hu)?殷十二(er)君,惟三(san)祖(zu)、三(san)宗(zong)(zong),明兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)自为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)别(bie)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。汉世(shi)祖(zu)列七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与。文、武子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)昌衍(yan),文为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)汉太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)景帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)文帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)兄(xiong)(xiong),景绝世(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)列于(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。及(ji)告(gao)谥世(shi)祖(zu),称景为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)从祖(zu)。今(jin)(jin)谓晋(jin)(jin)(jin)武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)越(yue)崇其(qi)父,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)毁及(ji)亡,何汉出惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)享世(shi)长久乎(hu)?七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、五(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),明天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸侯也(ye);父子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)继(ji),一(yi)统(tong)也(ye);昭穆(mu)列序,重(zhong)继(ji)也(ye)。礼,兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)相(xiang)(xiang)继(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得称嗣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),明睿(rui)宗(zong)(zong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)父孝(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he),必上继(ji)高宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)。偶室(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),则为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)穆(mu),于(yu)(yu)礼可乎(hu)?礼所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)使(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)旁(pang)绍伯考(kao),弃己亲正(zheng)(zheng)统(tong)哉(zai)?孝(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)中(zhong)兴,别(bie)建(jian)园寝,百世(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)毁,尚(shang)何议哉(zai)?平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)猥引僖公(gong)逆(ni)祀为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比,殊不(bu)(bu)(bu)知孝(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)升新寝,圣(sheng)真方(fang)祔(fu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),则未(wei)尝(chang)一(yi)日(ri)居上也(ye)。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)语宰相(xiang)(xiang)召平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与博士(shi)详(xiang)论。博士(shi)护前(qian)言,合轧(ya)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)援(yuan)经辩数分(fen)明,献等(deng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能屈(qu)。苏颋右(you)博士(shi),故平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)坐贬都城尉。然诸儒(ru)以平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孤挺,见迮于(yu)(yu)礼官,不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)知其(qi)直,久不(bu)(bu)(bu)决,然卒(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)复中(zhong)宗(zong)(zong)于(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。
明(ming)(ming)年,帝(di)将大享(xiang)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang),贞(zhen)节(jie)恶武后所营,非古所谓“木不(bu)(bu)镂、土不(bu)(bu)文(wen)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,乃与冯宗(zong)上(shang)言:“明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)必直丙巳(si),以宪房、心布政(zheng),太微上(shang)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所。武后始以乾(qian)元(yuan)正(zheng)寝占阳午地,先帝(di)所以听政(zheng),故(gu)毁(hui)殿作堂(tang)。撤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,有音(yin)如雷,庶民哗讪,以为神灵不(bu)(bu)悦。堂(tang)成(cheng),灾火从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。后不(bu)(bu)脩德(de),俄复营构,殚用极侈(chi),诡禳厥变,又(you)欲严配(pei)上(shang)帝(di),神安肯临?且(qie)密(mi)迩掖廷,人神杂扰,是谓不(bu)(bu)可(ke)放(fang)物者也。二京上(shang)都,四方是则。天(tian)子(zi)听政(zheng),乃居便坐,无以尊示群(qun)臣。愿以明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)复为乾(qian)元(yuan)殿,使人识其旧(jiu),不(bu)(bu)亦愈乎?”诏所司(si)详议。刑部尚(shang)书(shu)王志(zhi)愔等佥谓:“明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)瑰怪不(bu)(bu)法,天(tian)烬(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余(yu),不(bu)(bu)容(rong)大享(xiang)。请因旧(jiu)循(xun)制,还(hai)署乾(qian)元(yuan)正(zheng)寝。正(zheng)、至,天(tian)子(zi)御以朝会。若大享(xiang),复寓圜丘。”制曰可(ke)。贞(zhen)节(jie)以寿卒。
施敬(jing)本(ben),润州丹(dan)阳人(ren)。开(kai)元中(zhong)(zhong),为四门助教。玄宗(zong)(zong)将封禅(shan),诏(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)有(you)司讲求典仪。旧(jiu)制,盥手、洗爵,皆(jie)侍中(zhong)(zhong)主之;诏(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)祀天(tian)神,太(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)主之。敬(jing)本(ben)上(shang)(shang)言曰:“周(zhou)制,大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯郁人(ren),下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)二(er),掌(zhang)祼(guan)事。汉(han)无郁人(ren),用近臣。汉(han)世(shi)侍中(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)甚,籍孺(ru)、闳(hong)孺(ru)等幸臣为之。后汉(han)邵阖自侍中(zhong)(zhong)迁步兵校(xiao)尉,秩千(qian)石(shi)(shi),其职(zhi)省起居,执虎子(zi),盖亵臣也(ye)。今(jin)侍中(zhong)(zhong)位(wei)宰相,非郁人(ren)比。祝(zhu)者(zhe)荐主人(ren)意于(yu)神,非贱职(zhi)也(ye)。古二(er)君相见,卿为上(shang)(shang)傧,况天(tian)人(ren)际哉(zai)!周(zhou)太(tai)(tai)祝(zhu),下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)夫二(er),上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi)四。下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)夫,今(jin)郎中(zhong)(zhong)、太(tai)(tai)常丞(cheng)之比;上(shang)(shang)士(shi)(shi),员外郎、博士(shi)(shi)之比。汉(han)太(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)令秩六(liu)百石(shi)(shi),今(jin)太(tai)(tai)祝(zhu)乃(nai)下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)。以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)接天(tian),以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)臣奉天(tian)子(zi),轻(qing)重不(bu)伦(lun),非礼也(ye)。旧(jiu)制,谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe)引(yin)太(tai)(tai)尉升坛。谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe)位(wei)下(xia)(xia),升坛礼重。汉(han)尚书御史(shi)属,有(you)谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe)仆射一,秩六(liu)百石(shi)(shi),铜(tong)印青绶;谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe)三十(shi)(shi)五,以(yi)(yi)郎中(zhong)(zhong)满岁(sui)称(cheng)给事中(zhong)(zhong),未满岁(sui)称(cheng)谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe)。光禄勋属,有(you)谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe),掌(zhang)宾赞,员七(qi)十(shi)(shi),秩比六(liu)百石(shi)(shi)。则古谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe)名(ming)秩差异等,今(jin)谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe)班微(wei),循空名(ming),忘实事,非所以(yi)(yi)事天(tian)也(ye)。”帝(di)诏(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)中(zhong)(zhong)书令张说引(yin)敬(jing)本(ben)熟悉(xi)其议,故侍中(zhong)(zhong)、祝(zhu)、谒(ye)(ye)者(zhe),视礼轻(qing)重,以(yi)(yi)它官摄(she)领。
敬(jing)本以太(tai)常博(bo)士为(wei)集(ji)贤(xian)院脩撰。逾年(nian),迁右补阙(que)、秘书郎,卒。
卢(lu)履(lv)冰(bing),幽州范(fan)阳人(ren),元(yuan)魏都官尚书(shu)义僖(xi)五世孙(sun)。开元(yuan)五年(nian)(nian)(nian),仕历右补(bu)阙。建言(yan):“古者(zhe)(zhe)父(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),彻(che)灵而(er)(er)(er)(er)心(xin)(xin)丧(sang)。武后(hou)(hou)始请同(tong)父(fu)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),非是(shi),请如礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)便。”玄宗(zong)(zong)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)舅(jiu)(jiu)、嫂(sao)(sao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)未安,并下(xia)(xia)百官议(yi)(yi)。刑(xing)部郎中(zhong)田再思(si)曰:“会礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)比聚讼。循古不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)是(shi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)今未必(bi)(bi)非。父(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),高宗(zong)(zong)实行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),著令已久。何(he)必(bi)(bi)乖先帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨,阂人(ren)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)(qing),爱一(yi)(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)其亲,使与(yu)伯(bo)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)、姑(gu)姊(zi)妹同(tong)?嫂(sao)(sao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)、舅(jiu)(jiu)甥服(fu)(fu)(fu),太宗(zong)(zong)实制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),阅百年(nian)(nian)(nian)无(wu)(wu)(wu)异(yi)论,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)改。”履(lv)冰(bing)因言(yan):“上元(yuan)中(zhong),父(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),后(hou)(hou)虽请,未用也(ye),逮垂拱始行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至(zhi)有(you)祖父(fu)母(mu)(mu)在(zai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)妇(fu)没,行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)服(fu)(fu)(fu)再期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)谓宜。礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),女(nv)子(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)专道,故曰‘家(jia)无(wu)(wu)(wu)二尊(zun)’。父(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),统一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)也(ye)。今不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正其失,恐后(hou)(hou)世复有(you)妇(fu)夺(duo)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)败,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察。”书(shu)留未下(xia)(xia)。履(lv)冰(bing)即极(ji)陈(chen):“父(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)立几筵者(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),心(xin)(xin)丧(sang)者(zhe)(zhe)再期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),父(fu)必(bi)(bi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)娶,以(yi)(yi)(yi)达子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。夫圣人(ren)岂(qi)蔑情(qing)(qing)于(yu)所生(sheng)?固有(you)意于(yu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)。昔武后(hou)(hou)阴储篡谋(mou),豫自光崇,升期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齐,抗(kang)斩衰,俄而(er)(er)(er)(er)乘陵唐家(jia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)启衅阶。孝和仅得反(fan)正,韦氏复出,■杀天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),几亡宗(zong)(zong)社(she)。故臣将(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)正夫妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纲,非特母(mu)(mu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)间(jian)也(ye)。议(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)言(yan):‘降母(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu),非《诗》所谓罔极(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),而(er)(er)(er)(er)又(you)与(yu)伯(bo)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)母(mu)(mu)、姑(gu)姊(zi)妹等。且齐、斩已有(you)升降,则岁(sui)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)异(yi)也(ye)。’此迂生(sheng)鄙儒,未习先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨,安足(zu)议(yi)(yi)夫礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)哉?罔极(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),春秋(qiu)祭祀(si),以(yi)(yi)(yi)时思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓君子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)终(zhong)身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忧(you),何(he)限(xian)一(yi)(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、二期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)哉?圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),必(bi)(bi)建中(zhong)制(zhi),使贤(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肖共成文理而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)释(shi),彼伯(bo)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)、姑(gu)姊(zi),乌有(you)筵杖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)、三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)心(xin)(xin)丧(sang)乎?母(mu)(mu)齐父(fu)斩,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。”左散骑常侍元(yuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冲议(yi)(yi)曰:“古缘(yuan)情(qing)(qing)制(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu):女(nv)天(tian)父(fu),妻天(tian)夫,斩衰三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),情(qing)(qing)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)俱尽(jin)者(zhe)(zhe),因心(xin)(xin)立极(ji)也(ye)。妻丧(sang)杖期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),情(qing)(qing)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)俱杀者(zhe)(zhe),远嫌疑,尊(zun)乾道也(ye)。为(wei)(wei)嫡子(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)斩衰而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)官,尊(zun)祖重嫡,崇其礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),杀其情(qing)(qing)也(ye)。孝莫大(da)于(yu)严父(fu),故父(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)免官,齐需而(er)(er)(er)(er)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),心(xin)(xin)丧(sang)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian),情(qing)(qing)已申而(er)(er)(er)(er)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)杀也(ye),自尧、舜、周公、孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)所同(tong)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)今舍尊(zun)厌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,亏严父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),可(ke)乎?姨兼从(cong)母(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,以(yi)(yi)(yi)母(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)党,加以(yi)(yi)(yi)舅(jiu)(jiu)服(fu)(fu)(fu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。嫂(sao)(sao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)(fu)(fu),则远嫌也(ye)。请据古为(wei)(wei)适。”帝(di)弗报。是(shi)时言(yan)丧(sang)服(fu)(fu)(fu),各以(yi)(yi)(yi)所见奋,交口纷(fen)腾。七年(nian)(nian)(nian),乃下(xia)(xia)诏:“服(fu)(fu)(fu)纪一(yi)(yi)用古制(zhi)。”自是(shi)人(ren)间(jian)父(fu)在(zai)为(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu),或(huo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)禫,禫而(er)(er)(er)(er)释(shi),心(xin)(xin)丧(sang)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian);或(huo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)禫,终(zhong)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian);或(huo)齐衰三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。
后履冰以官卒。
王仲丘(qiu),沂州琅邪人(ren)。祖师(shi)顺(shun),仕高宗,议漕输事有名当时,终司(si)门郎中。仲丘(qiu)开元中历左补阙内供奉、集贤脩撰(zhuan)、起居舍人(ren)。
时典章差驳,仲丘(qiu)欲合(he)《贞(zhen)(zhen)观(guan)》、《显(xian)庆(qing)》二(er)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),据“有其举之,莫可废之”之谊(yi),即上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)言:“《贞(zhen)(zhen)观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》,正月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)辛(xin),祀(si)(si)(si)感帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)南郊。《显(xian)庆(qing)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》:祀(si)(si)(si)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)圆丘(qiu)以(yi)祈(qi)(qi)谷(gu)。臣谓(wei)(wei)《诗》‘春夏(xia)祈(qi)(qi)谷(gu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)’,《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》‘上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)辛(xin)祈(qi)(qi)谷(gu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)’,则(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)当昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)矣(yi)(yi)。郑(zheng)玄曰:‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)递王(wang),王(wang)者必感一以(yi)兴(xing)。玭夏(xia)正月(yue)(yue)祭(ji)(ji)所生于(yu)(yu)(yu)郊,以(yi)其祖(zu)配之,因以(yi)祈(qi)(qi)谷(gu)。’感帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之祀(si)(si)(si),《贞(zhen)(zhen)观(guan)》用之矣(yi)(yi)。请因祈(qi)(qi)谷(gu)之坛,遍祭(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)方(fang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者,五(wu)(wu)行之精(jing),九谷(gu)之宗(zong)也(ye)。请二(er)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)皆(jie)用。《贞(zhen)(zhen)观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》,雩祀(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)方(fang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、五(wu)(wu)人帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、五(wu)(wu)官于(yu)(yu)(yu)南郊。《显(xian)庆(qing)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》,祀(si)(si)(si)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)圆丘(qiu)。臣谓(wei)(wei)雩上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),为百(bai)谷(gu)祈(qi)(qi)甘雨,故《月(yue)(yue)令》:‘大雩帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),用盛(sheng)乐(le)。’郑(zheng)玄说(shuo):‘帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye),乃天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)别号。祀(si)(si)(si)于(yu)(yu)(yu)圆丘(qiu),尊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)位(wei)也(ye)。’《显(xian)庆(qing)》祀(si)(si)(si)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)与《月(yue)(yue)令》合(he),而《贞(zhen)(zhen)观(guan)》尝祀(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)矣(yi)(yi),请二(er)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)皆(jie)用。《贞(zhen)(zhen)观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》,季秋祀(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)方(fang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、五(wu)(wu)官于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)堂。《显(xian)庆(qing)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》,祀(si)(si)(si)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)堂。臣谓(wei)(wei)周郊祀(si)(si)(si)后(hou)稷(ji)以(yi)配天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),宗(zong)祀(si)(si)(si)文王(wang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)堂以(yi)配上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。先儒以(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)为感帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),引(yin)太微五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)著之,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)属之昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。郑(zheng)玄称《周官》旅上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),祀(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),各(ge)文而异礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),不容并而为一。故于(yu)(yu)(yu)《孝经(jing)》天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),申(shen)之曰:‘上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)。’神无二(er)主(zhu),但异其处,以(yi)避后(hou)稷(ji)。今《显(xian)庆(qing)》享上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),合(he)于(yu)(yu)(yu)《经(jing)》,然《贞(zhen)(zhen)观(guan)》尝祀(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)方(fang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)矣(yi)(yi)。请二(er)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)皆(jie)用。”诏可。
迁(qian)礼部员外郎(lang)。卒,赠秘书少监(jian)。
康子(zi)(zi)元,越州会(hui)稽人。仕历献陵令。开元初,诏中书(shu)令张(zhang)说(shuo)举能治(zhi)《易》、《老》、《庄》者,集(ji)贤直(zhi)学士侯行果荐子(zi)(zi)元及平阳敬会(hui)真于说(shuo),说(shuo)藉以闻(wen),并(bing)赐衣(yi)币,得(de)侍读(du)。子(zi)(zi)元擢累秘书(shu)少监(jian),会(hui)真四(si)门博士,俄皆兼(jian)集(ji)贤侍讲学士。
玄宗(zong)将东之(zhi)泰山,说(shuo)(shuo)引子(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)、行(xing)果、徐坚、韦縚商(shang)裁封禅(shan)仪。初,高宗(zong)之(zhi)封,中(zhong)书令许敬宗(zong)议(yi):“周(zhou)人尚(shang)臭,故前祭而(er)(er)燔(fan)(fan)(fan)柴。”说(shuo)(shuo)、坚、子(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)白奏:“《周(zhou)官》:乐(le)(le)六(liu)变,天(tian)神(shen)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。是降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)神(shen)以(yi)乐(le)(le),非(fei)缘燔(fan)(fan)(fan)也。宋、齐以(yi)来,皆先(xian)哜(ji)福酒,乃燎。请先(xian)祭后燔(fan)(fan)(fan),如《贞观礼(li)》便。”行(xing)果与赵冬(dong)曦议(yi),以(yi)为:“先(xian)燎降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)神(shen),尚(shang)矣。若祭已而(er)(er)燔(fan)(fan)(fan),神(shen)无由降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)议(yi)挺不徙。说(shuo)(shuo)曰:“康子(zi)(zi)(zi)独出(chu)蒙轮,以(yi)当(dang)一(yi)队(dui)邪?”议(yi)未判,说(shuo)(shuo)请决(jue)于帝(di),帝(di)诏(zhao)后燔(fan)(fan)(fan)。
乘(cheng)舆自岱还(hai),减从(cong)官,先次东都,唯子(zi)元、毋煚、韦(wei)述(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)学士从(cong)。久(jiu)乃徙宗(zong)正少卿,以(yi)(yi)疾授秘(mi)书(shu)监(jian),致(zhi)仕。卒,赠汴州刺史。帝(di)尝制(zhi)赞赐说、子(zi)元,命工图其(qi)象,诏冬(dong)曦、述(shu)(shu)、煚分为傅。
行果者,上(shang)谷人,历国子司业,侍皇太子读。卒,赠庆(qing)王傅。
始,行果、会真(zhen)及长乐冯朝(chao)(chao)隐同进讲。朝(chao)(chao)隐能推(tui)索(suo)《老》、《庄(zhuang)》秘(mi)义,会真(zhen)亦善(shan)《老子》,每启篇,先薰盥乃读。帝曰:“我欲更(geng)求善(shan)《易》者,然无(wu)贤(xian)行果云(yun)。”朝(chao)(chao)隐终太子右谕德,会真(zhen)太学(xue)博士。
赵冬(dong)曦,定州鼓(gu)城(cheng)人。进(jin)士擢第,历左(zuo)拾遗。神龙初,上书曰:“古律(lv)条(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)目(mu)千余。隋时奸臣(chen)侮(wu)法(fa),著(zhu)律(lv)曰:‘律(lv)无正(zheng)条(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)者(zhe),出罪举重(zhong)以(yi)明(ming)轻(qing),入罪举轻(qing)以(yi)明(ming)重(zhong)。’一(yi)辞而(er)废条(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)目(mu)数百。自(zi)是轻(qing)重(zhong)沿爱(ai)憎,被罚者(zhe)不知其然,使(shi)贾(jia)谊见之(zhi),恸哭必(bi)矣。夫法(fa)易知,则下不敢犯而(er)远机阱(jing);文义(yi)深,则吏乘便而(er)朋附(fu)盛。律(lv)、令、格(ge)、式,谓宜刊定科条(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),直(zhi)书其事(shi)。其以(yi)准加减比附(fu)、量情及举轻(qing)以(yi)明(ming)重(zhong)、不应为之(zhi)类,皆勿用。使(shi)愚(yu)夫愚(yu)妇相率而(er)远罪,犯者(zhe)虽贵必(bi)坐(zuo)。律(lv)明(ming)则人信,法(fa)一(yi)则主尊。”当时称是。
开(kai)元初(chu),迁监察御史(shi),坐事流岳州(zhou)。召还复官,与秘书少监贺知章、校(xiao)(xiao)书郎(lang)孙季良(liang)、大理评事咸廙业入集贤院脩撰。是时(shi),将仕郎(lang)王嗣琳、四(si)门助教范仙厦为(wei)校(xiao)(xiao)勘,翰(han)林(lin)供奉(feng)吕向、东方颢(hao)为(wei)校(xiao)(xiao)理。未几,冬(dong)曦知史(shi)官事,迁考(kao)功员外(wai)郎(lang)。逾年,与季良(liang)、廙业、知章、吕向皆为(wei)直学士。冬(dong)曦俄迁中书舍人(ren)内供奉(feng),以(yi)国子祭(ji)酒卒。
冬(dong)曦(xi)性放达,不屑世事(shi)。兄(xiong)夏日,弟和璧、安(an)贞(zhen)、居(ju)贞(zhen)、颐(yi)贞(zhen)、汇贞(zhen),皆擢进士第。安(an)贞(zhen)给事(shi)中,居(ju)贞(zhen)吴郡采访(fang)使,颐(yi)贞(zhen)安(an)西(xi)都(dou)护。居(ju)贞(zhen)子昌,别传。
王嗣琳以太子(zi)校书郎罢。东方(fang)颢(hao)上(shang)书忤旨(zhi),左迁高安丞。廙业(ye)亦坐事左迁余杭令(ling)。仙厦善讲论(lun),后为(wei)道(dao)士。
开元集贤学士,又有尹愔(yin)、陆坚、郑钦说、卢僎名稍著。
尹(yin)愔,秦州天水人。父思贞,字季弱。明《春秋》,擢高第。尝受学于国子博士王道珪,称之(zhi)曰:“吾门人多(duo)矣,尹(yin)子叵(po)测也。”以亲丧(sang)哀毁。除丧(sang),不仕。左右史张说、尹(yin)元凯荐(jian)为(wei)国子大成。每释奠,讲辨三教,听(ting)者皆得所未闻(wen)。迁(qian)四(si)门助教,撰(zhuan)《诸经义(yi)枢(shu)》、《续史记》皆未就。梦(meng)天官、麟台交辟,寤而会亲族叙(xu)诀,二(er)日卒,年(nian)四(si)十(shi)。
愔博学(xue),尤通老(lao)子书。初为道士,玄宗尚(shang)玄言,有荐愔者,召对,喜甚,厚礼之(zhi),拜(bai)谏(jian)议大夫、集(ji)贤(xian)院学(xue)士,兼脩国史,固(gu)辞不(bu)起。有诏以(yi)道士服视事,乃就职,颛(zhuan)领集(ji)贤(xian)、史馆(guan)图书。开元末,卒(zu),赠左(zuo)散骑常侍。
陆坚,河南(nan)洛(luo)阳人。初为汝州(zhou)参(can)军(jun),以(yi)友婿(xu)李慈伏诛,贬涪州(zhou)参(can)军(jun),再迁通(tong)事舍人。有(you)诏起复,遣中官敦谕,不就。以(yi)给事中兼学(xue)士。善(shan)书。初名(ming)友悌,玄宗嘉其(qi)刚(gang)正,更赐(ci)名(ming)。从封(feng)泰(tai)山,封(feng)建安男。帝(di)待之甚厚(hou),图形禁中,亲(qin)制赞(zan)。以(yi)秘书监卒,年七(qi)十(shi)一,赠吏部尚书,谥曰(yue)懿。
郭钦(qin)说,后(hou)魏(wei)濮(pu)阳太(tai)守敬叔八世(shi)孙。开元初,繇(zhou)新津丞请试(shi)五(wu)(wu)经,擢第(di),授巩县尉、集贤院校理。历右(you)补阙内供奉。通历术,博(bo)物(wu)。初,梁(liang)太(tai)常任(ren)昉(fang)大(da)(da)(da)同(tong)四(si)(si)年(nian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)于钟(zhong)(zhong)山圹(kuang)中得铭(ming)曰(yue):“龟(gui)言土,蓍言水,甸服(fu)黄钟(zhong)(zhong)启灵(ling)址。瘗在三(san)(san)上庚,堕(duo)遇七(qi)(qi)(qi)中己。六(liu)千三(san)(san)百浃辰交,二(er)九(jiu)重(zhong)三(san)(san)四(si)(si)百圮。”当(dang)时莫能(neng)辨者(zhe)(zhe),因藏之,戒(jie)诸子曰(yue):“世(shi)世(shi)以铭(ming)访通人,有(you)知之者(zhe)(zhe),吾死无(wu)恨。”昉(fang)五(wu)(wu)世(shi)孙升之,隐(yin)居商洛,写以授钦(qin)说。钦(qin)说出使,得之于长乐(le)驿,至(zhi)敷水三(san)(san)十(shi)里而悟曰(yue):“卜宅者(zhe)(zhe)廋葬之岁月(yue)(yue),而先识墓圮日(ri)辰。甸服(fu),五(wu)(wu)百也(ye)(ye),黄钟(zhong)(zhong)十(shi)一(yi)也(ye)(ye),繇(zhou)大(da)(da)(da)同(tong)四(si)(si)年(nian)却(que)求(qiu)汉建武四(si)(si)年(nian),凡五(wu)(wu)百一(yi)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)。葬以三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)日(ri)庚寅,三(san)(san)上庚也(ye)(ye)。圮以七(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)二(er)日(ri)己巳,七(qi)(qi)(qi)中己也(ye)(ye)。浃辰,十(shi)二(er)也(ye)(ye),建武四(si)(si)年(nian)三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)至(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)同(tong)四(si)(si)年(nian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue),六(liu)千三(san)(san)百一(yi)十(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue),月(yue)(yue)一(yi)交,故曰(yue)六(liu)千三(san)(san)百浃辰交。二(er)九(jiu),十(shi)八也(ye)(ye)。重(zhong)三(san)(san),六(liu)也(ye)(ye)。建武四(si)(si)年(nian)三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)日(ri),距大(da)(da)(da)同(tong)四(si)(si)年(nian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)二(er)日(ri),十(shi)八万(wan)六(liu)千四(si)(si)百日(ri),故曰(yue)二(er)九(jiu)重(zhong)三(san)(san)四(si)(si)百圮。”升之大(da)(da)(da)惊(jing),服(fu)其智。
钦说雅为李林甫所(suo)恶,韦坚死,钦说时(shi)位殿中侍(shi)御史,常(chang)为坚判官,贬夜郎尉,卒。
子克钧,为都官郎中。吐蕃围灵(ling)州,军饷匮(kui)竭(jie),德宗以克钧为灵(ling)、夏二(er)州运粮使,转米峙塞下(xia),守者遂安。
卢僎(zhuan),吏(li)部尚书从愿三从父也。自闻(wen)喜尉(wei)为学士(shi),终吏(li)部员外郎。
兄俌(fu),中(zhong)宗(zong)时历右(you)补阙(que)。默(mo)啜(chuo)入寇,败沙吒忠义(yi),诏百(bai)官陈破贼胜策,独俌(fu)上(shang)疏以(yi)为:“治(zhi)内可(ke)以(yi)及外(wai),赏(shang)罚明则(ze)士尽节。鸣沙之役,主将先(xian)遁,中(zhong)军(jun)犹能死战(zhan)。正法纪功,则(ze)戎行(xing)可(ke)劝。若(ruo)忠义(yi),骑将材,不(bu)可(ke)当大任。宜因古法,募人徙边,免行(xing)役,次庐(lu)伍,明教令(ling),赏(shang)虏获,近战(zhan)则(ze)守家,远战(zhan)则(ze)利货。购辩勇,强(qiang)诸(zhu)蕃,以(yi)图攻取。择(ze)边州刺(ci)史(shi),搜乘积粟,谨烽燧以(yi)备守。”中(zhong)宗(zong)善(shan)其言,然无施行(xing)者。俌(fu)终(zhong)秘书少监。
啖助,字叔(shu)佐,赵州人,后徙关中。淹该(gai)经术。天宝末,调临海尉、丹阳主簿。秩满,屏(ping)居,甘足疏糗(qiu)。
善(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》,考三家(jia)短(duan)长,缝绽漏阙,号(hao)《集传》,凡十(shi)年乃成(cheng),复摄其(qi)(qi)纲(gang)条为(wei)(wei)(wei)例统。其(qi)(qi)言(yan)孔(kong)子(zi)脩《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》意(yi),以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei):“夏政忠,忠之(zhi)(zhi)敝(bi)野(ye);商(shang)人(ren)(ren)承(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)敬,敬之(zhi)(zhi)敝(bi)鬼(gui);周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)承(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)文(wen),文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)敝(bi)僿。救(jiu)僿莫若忠。夫文(wen)者(zhe)(zhe),忠之(zhi)(zhi)末也(ye)。设教于(yu)本,其(qi)(qi)敝(bi)且(qie)末;设教于(yu)末,敝(bi)将奈何?武(wu)王、周(zhou)公(gong)承(cheng)商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)敝(bi),不得已(yi)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。周(zhou)公(gong)没,莫知所(suo)以(yi)(yi)改(gai),故其(qi)(qi)敝(bi)甚于(yu)二(er)代。孔(kong)子(zi)伤之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):‘虞、夏之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),寡怨于(yu)民(min);商(shang)、周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),不胜其(qi)(qi)敝(bi)!’故曰(yue):‘后(hou)(hou)代虽有作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe),虞帝不可及已(yi)。’盖言(yan)唐(tang)、虞之(zhi)(zhi)化(hua),难(nan)行于(yu)季世,而(er)夏之(zhi)(zhi)忠,当(dang)变(bian)(bian)而(er)致焉(yan)。故《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》以(yi)(yi)权辅用(yong),以(yi)(yi)诚断礼(li),而(er)以(yi)(yi)忠道(dao)原情(qing)云。不拘空名,不尚狷介,从宜(yi)救(jiu)乱,因时黜陟。古语曰(yue):‘商(shang)变(bian)(bian)夏,周(zhou)变(bian)(bian)商(shang),春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)变(bian)(bian)周(zhou)。’而(er)公(gong)羊(yang)子(zi)亦(yi)言(yan):‘乐道(dao)尧、舜之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),以(yi)(yi)拟(ni)后(hou)(hou)圣。’是知《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》用(yong)二(er)帝、三王法,以(yi)(yi)夏为(wei)(wei)(wei)本,不壹守周(zhou)典明(ming)矣。”又(you)言(yan):“幽、厉虽衰,《雅》未(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《风》。逮平(ping)王之(zhi)(zhi)东(dong),人(ren)(ren)习余化(hua),苟有善(shan)恶,当(dang)以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)法正之(zhi)(zhi)。故断自平(ping)王之(zhi)(zhi)季,以(yi)(yi)隐公(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)拯薄(bo)勉善(shan),救(jiu)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)敝(bi),革礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)失也(ye)。”助爱公(gong)、谷二(er)家(jia),以(yi)(yi)左(zuo)(zuo)氏解义多谬,其(qi)(qi)书乃出于(yu)孔(kong)氏门人(ren)(ren)。且(qie)《论语》孔(kong)子(zi)所(suo)引,率(lv)前世人(ren)(ren)老彭、伯夷等,类(lei)非(fei)同时;而(er)言(yan)“左(zuo)(zuo)丘(qiu)明(ming)耻之(zhi)(zhi),丘(qiu)亦(yi)耻之(zhi)(zhi)”。丘(qiu)明(ming)者(zhe)(zhe),盖如史佚、迟任者(zhe)(zhe)。又(you)《左(zuo)(zuo)氏传》、《国语》,属缀不伦,序事乖剌(la),非(fei)一人(ren)(ren)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)。盖左(zuo)(zuo)氏集诸国史以(yi)(yi)释《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》,后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)谓左(zuo)(zuo)氏,便傅著丘(qiu)明(ming),非(fei)也(ye)。助之(zhi)(zhi)凿意(yi)多此类(lei)。
助门人(ren)赵匡、陆质(zhi),其高弟(di)也。助卒(zu),年(nian)四十(shi)七(qi)。质(zhi)与其子(zi)异裒(pou)录助所(suo)为《春秋(qiu)集(ji)注总(zong)例(li)》,请(qing)匡损益,质(zhi)纂会(hui)之,号《纂例(li)》。匡者,字伯循,河东(dong)人(ren),历洋州(zhou)刺史(shi),质(zhi)所(suo)称为赵夫子(zi)者。
大历时,助(zhu)、匡、质以《春秋》,施士(shi)丐(gai)以《诗》,仲子陵、袁(yuan)彝、韦彤、韦荅(da)以《礼》,蔡广成以《易》,强蒙(meng)以《论语(yu)》,皆自名其学,而士(shi)丐(gai)、子陵最卓异。
士丐,吴人,兼善(shan)《左(zuo)氏(shi)春秋(qiu)》,以(yi)二经教授。繇(zhou)四门(men)助教为博士,秩(zhi)满当去,诸(zhu)生封疏乞(qi)留,凡十(shi)九年,卒于官。弟子(zi)共葬(zang)之。士丐撰《春秋(qiu)传(chuan)》,未甚传(chuan)。后(hou)文(wen)宗(zong)喜(xi)经术(shu),宰相李石因言(yan)士丐《春秋(qiu)》可读。帝曰:“朕见之矣,穿凿之学(xue),徒为异同(tong),但学(xue)者如浚井(jing),得(de)美(mei)水而已,何必劳苦(ku)旁(pang)求,然(ran)后(hou)为得(de)邪?”
子陵,蜀人,好古学,舍峨(e)眉山。举贤良方正,擢太(tai)常(chang)博士(shi),通后苍、大小戴(dai)《礼》。有司(si)请正太(tai)祖东向位,而迁献、懿二主(zhu)。子陵议藏主(zhu)德明(ming)、兴圣庙,其言典(dian)正。后异论(lun)纷洄,复为(wei)《通难(nan)》示诸儒,诸儒不能(neng)诎。久之(zhi),典(dian)黔中选补(bu),乘传过家(jia),西人以(yi)为(wei)荣(rong)。终司(si)门(men)员外(wai)郎。子陵以(yi)文义(yi)自怡,及(ji)(ji)亡,其家(jia)所存,惟(wei)图书及(ji)(ji)酒数斛而已(yi)。
赞(zan)曰(yue):《春(chun)(chun)秋》、《诗》、《易》、《书》,由孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)时师弟子(zi)相(xiang)传(chuan),历暴秦,不(bu)(bu)断如系(xi)。至汉兴,刬挟书令(ling),则(ze)儒者(zhe)肆然(ran)讲(jiang)授,经典(dian)浸(jin)兴。左(zuo)氏与孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)同时,以(yi)《鲁史》附《春(chun)(chun)秋》作《传(chuan)》,而公羊高、谷(gu)梁赤皆出子(zi)夏门人(ren)。三(san)家(jia)言经,各(ge)有回舛,然(ran)犹悉(xi)本(ben)之(zhi)圣人(ren),其得与失(shi)盖十五,义或缪(mou)误,先儒畏圣人(ren),不(bu)(bu)敢辄改(gai)也。啖助在唐,名治(zhi)《春(chun)(chun)秋》,摭讪三(san)家(jia),不(bu)(bu)本(ben)所承,自(zi)用名学,凭私臆决(jue),尊之(zhi)曰(yue)“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)意也”,赵、陆(lu)从而唱(chang)之(zhi),遂(sui)显于(yu)时。呜(wu)呼!孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)没(mei)乃数(shu)千(qian)年,助所推著果其意乎?其未可必也。以(yi)未可必而必之(zhi),则(ze)固;持一己之(zhi)固而倡兹世(shi),则(ze)诬。诬与固,君子(zi)所不(bu)(bu)取(qu)。助果谓可乎?徒令(ling)后(hou)生穿凿诡辨,诟前人(ren),舍成说,而自(zi)为(wei)纷纷,助所阶已。
韦彤,京兆人。四世从祖方质为武后(hou)时宰(zai)相。彤名(ming)治《礼》,德宗时为太(tai)常博士。
先此(ci),天(tian)(tian)宝中(zhong),诏尚食(shi)(shi)(shi)朔望进(jin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)太庙,天(tian)(tian)子(zi)使中(zhong)人(ren)(ren)侍祠,有(you)司不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)也(ye)。贞元十二(er)年(nian),帝(di)始诏朔望食(shi)(shi)(shi),畀宗正(zheng)、太常合供。于是彤与(yu)博士裴堪(kan)议曰:“礼(li),宗庙朔望不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)(ji),园寝则有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。贞观、开元间(jian),在(zai)礼(li)若令,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢变(bian)古。天(tian)(tian)宝中(zhong),始有(you)进(jin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi),殆王(wang)玙(yu)缘生(sheng)事(shi)亡(wang),用燕具(ju)亵(xie)馔(zhuan)(zhuan),参渎礼(li)荐,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)示远(yuan)。传曰:‘祭(ji)(ji)非(fei)外至,生(sheng)于心者(zhe)也(ye)。’是故(gu)圣人(ren)(ren)等(deng)牲牢(lao),布笾豆,昆虫、草木可(ke)荐者(zhe),莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)咸在(zai),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)享宗庙,交神明,全孝敬也(ye)。洁膳羞,八珍(zhen)(zhen)百品(pin),可(ke)嗜(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馔(zhuan)(zhuan),美(mei)膬(cui)甘旨(zhi),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亵(xie)味,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)燕宾客,接人(ren)(ren)情,示慈(ci)惠也(ye)。是则荐与(yu)宴,圣人(ren)(ren)判为二(er)物,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)乱也(ye)。今(jin)(jin)若熟饔而(er)(er)享,非(fei)以(yi)(yi)异(yi)为敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。且(qie)祭(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)数,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)疏,感时致(zhi)享,以(yi)(yi)制中(zhong)也(ye)。今(jin)(jin)园寝月二(er)祭(ji)(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为疏,庙岁五享,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为数,有(you)司奉(feng)承,得(de)(de)尽其(qi)恭(gong)。若又加(jia)盛馔(zhuan)(zhuan)于朔望,是失礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),有(you)司不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)尽其(qi)恭(gong)也(ye)。故(gu)王(wang)者(zhe)稽古,弗敢以(yi)(yi)孝思之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极而(er)(er)溢礼(li),弗敢以(yi)(yi)肴品(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)而(er)(er)剩味。愿罢天(tian)(tian)宝所(suo)增,奉(feng)园寝以(yi)(yi)珍(zhen)(zhen),奉(feng)宗庙以(yi)(yi)礼(li),两得(de)(de)所(suo)宜。”帝(di)曰:“是礼(li)先帝(di)裁定(ding),遽更之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)谓朕何?徐议其(qi)可(ke)。”而(er)(er)朔望食(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)废。
会昭(zhao)陵寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)为原火(huo)延燔(fan),而客祭(ji)瑶台佛寺。又(you)(you)故(gu)(gu)(gu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)山(shan)上(shang),乏(fa)水泉(quan),作者(zhe)惮劳(lao),欲即(ji)行宫(gong)(gong)(gong)作寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),诏宰相(xiang)百官(guan)议。吏(li)部员(yuan)外郎(lang)杨于(yu)陵议曰(yue):“园(yuan)寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)非(fei)三代制(zhi),自(zi)秦(qin)、汉以(yi)来(lai),附陵置寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),或远(yuan)若迩,则(ze)(ze)无闻焉(yan)。韦玄成等议园(yuan)陵,于(yu)兴废(fei)(fei)初无适(shi)语(yu)。且寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)所占,在(zai)柏(bo)(bo)城中,距陵不(bu)远(yuan),使(shi)诸(zhu)陵之寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),皆(jie)有区(qu)限,故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)可(ke)徙(xi);若止柏(bo)(bo)城,则(ze)(ze)故(gu)(gu)(gu)寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)已燔(fan),行宫(gong)(gong)(gong)已久,因以(yi)治饰,亦复何嫌?或曰(yue):‘太宗(zong)创业,寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)辄(zhe)易。’是不(bu)然。夫陵域(yu)宅神(shen),神(shen)本静,今大兴荒废(fei)(fei),嚣役密(mi)迩,非(fei)幽穸所安(an)(an),改之便。”彤曰(yue):“先王建都立邑,不(bu)利则(ze)(ze)为之迁,况有故(gu)(gu)(gu)邪?今文寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)灾(zai),徙(xi)而宫(gong)(gong)(gong)之,非(fei)无故(gu)(gu)(gu)也。神(shen)安(an)(an)于(yu)徙(xi),因而建寝(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin),于(yu)礼至顺。又(you)(you)它陵皆(jie)在(zai)柏(bo)(bo)城,随便营作,不(bu)越(yue)封兆,力省(sheng)易从。”帝(di)重改先帝(di)制(zhi),还(hai)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)山(shan)颠。
彤(tong)卒后,武宗会昌五年,诏(zhao)京城不许群(qun)臣作私庙。宰相(xiang)李德裕等引彤(tong)所议:“古(gu)制:庙必中门(men)之(zhi)外,吉凶皆(jie)告,以亲而尊之(zhi),不自专也。今俾立(li)(li)(li)庙京外,不能得(de)其(qi)意于礼。宫之(zhi)南九坊,三坊曰围外,地荒左(zuo),立(li)(li)(li)庙无嫌;余六坊可(ke)禁。”诏(zhao)不许,听准古(gu)即居所立(li)(li)(li)庙。
陈(chen)京,字庆复,陈(chen)宜都王叔(shu)明五世孙(sun)。父兼,为右补阙、翰(han)林学士。京善(shan)文辞(ci),常(chang)衮称之,妻(qi)以兄子。擢进(jin)士第,迁累太常(chang)博士。
德(de)宗在(zai)奉(feng)天,闻(wen)段秀实为(wei)贼所(suo)(suo)害,七日不朝。宰相(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)“方多(duo)难时,不宜(yi)壅(yong)万(wan)机,天下(xia)其(qi)谓何?”京(jing)(jing)曰(yue):“丞相(xiang)(xiang)之言非(fei)也。夫褒大(da)(da)节,恤贤臣,天下(xia)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)安,况卓卓特(te)异(yi)者乎?”帝(di)曰(yue):“善。”还京(jing)(jing)师,擢左补阙。帝(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)卢(lu)(lu)巳(si)(si)为(wei)饶州刺(ci)史,京(jing)(jing)与赵需、裴佶、宇文炫(xuan)、卢(lu)(lu)景亮、张荐共劾:“巳(si)(si)辅政要位(wei),大(da)(da)臣逾时月(yue)不得对(dui),百官懔(lin)懔(lin)常若兵在(zai)颈。陛下(xia)复(fu)(fu)用之,奸(jian)贼唾掌复(fu)(fu)兴。”帝(di)不听。京(jing)(jing)等争尤确,帝(di)大(da)(da)怒,左右辟易,谏(jian)者稍引却(que)。京(jing)(jing)正色(se)曰(yue):“需等毋(wu)遽退(tui)!”极(ji)道不可,以(yi)(yi)(yi)死(si)请(qing),巳(si)(si)遂废。帝(di)之立,迎(ying)访太后,久不得,意且怠。京(jing)(jing)密白:“第遣使(shi)物色(se)以(yi)(yi)(yi)求。”帝(di)大(da)(da)悟(wu),终代不敢置。
初(chu),玄宗(zong)、肃宗(zong)既附室,迁(qian)献、懿(yi)二祖(zu)(zu)于(yu)(yu)西夹室,引太祖(zu)(zu)位东(dong)向。礼仪使于(yu)(yu)休(xiu)烈议:“献、懿(yi)属尊(zun)于(yu)(yu)太祖(zu)(zu),若合(he)食,则(ze)太祖(zu)(zu)位不(bu)得正(zheng),请藏二祖(zu)(zu)神主,以(yi)(yi)太宗(zong)、中(zhong)宗(zong)、睿宗(zong)、肃宗(zong)从(cong)世祖(zu)(zu)南向,高(gao)宗(zong)、玄宗(zong)从(cong)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)北向。”禘(di)(di)祫(xia)不(bu)及二祖(zu)(zu),凡十(shi)八年。建(jian)中(zhong)初(chu),代宗(zong)丧毕,当大祫(xia)。京以(yi)(yi)太常(chang)博士上言:“《春秋(qiu)》之义,毁(hui)(hui)庙之主陈于(yu)(yu)太祖(zu)(zu),未毁(hui)(hui)庙之主合(he)食于(yu)(yu)祖(zu)(zu),无毁(hui)(hui)庙迁(qian)主不(bu)享(xiang)之言。唐家(jia)祀制与周异,周以(yi)(yi)后稷为始(shi)封祖(zu)(zu),而毁(hui)(hui)主皆在后稷下,故太祖(zu)(zu)东(dong)向,常(chang)统其(qi)尊(zun)。司(si)马晋以(yi)(yi)高(gao)皇、太皇、征西四(si)府(fu)君为别庙,大禘(di)(di)祫(xia)则(ze)正(zheng)太祖(zu)(zu)位,无所屈(qu)。别庙祭高(gao)、太以(yi)(yi)降(jiang),所以(yi)(yi)叙亲(qin)也。唐家(jia)宜别为献、懿(yi)二祖(zu)(zu)立庙,禘(di)(di)祫(xia)则(ze)祭,太祖(zu)(zu)遂正(zheng)东(dong)向位。德明、兴圣二帝,向已(yi)有庙,则(ze)藏祔二祖(zu)(zu)为宜。”
诏百(bai)官普(pu)议。礼仪使、太子少师(shi)颜真(zhen)卿曰:“今(jin)议者有三:一谓(wei)献、懿亲远而迁(qian),不(bu)当祫,宜(yi)(yi)藏(zang)主(zhu)西室;二谓(wei)二祖宜(yi)(yi)祫食(shi),与(yu)太祖并昭(zhao)穆(mu),阙(que)东(dong)向位;三谓(wei)引二祖祫禘(di),即太祖永不(bu)得全(quan)其始(shi),宜(yi)(yi)以二主(zhu)祔(fu)德(de)明(ming)庙。虽然(ran),于人(ren)神(shen)未厌也(ye)(ye)。景(jing)帝既受(shou)命始(shi)封矣,百(bai)代不(bu)迁(qian)矣,而又配(pei)天(tian),尊无与(yu)上(shang),至(zhi)禘(di)祫时,蹔(zhan)屈昭(zhao)穆(mu)以申(shen)孝尊先,实明(ming)神(shen)之意,所(suo)以教天(tian)下之孝也(ye)(ye)。况(kuang)晋(jin)蔡谟等有成议,不(bu)为无据。请(qing)大(da)祫享奉献主(zhu)东(dong)向,懿主(zhu)居昭(zhao),景(jing)主(zhu)居穆(mu),重本尚顺,为万代法。夫祫,合(he)也(ye)(ye)。有如(ru)(ru)别(bie)享德(de)明(ming),是乃分(fen)食(shi),非(fei)合(he)食(shi)也(ye)(ye)。”时议者举然(ran)。于是还献、懿主(zhu)祫于庙,如(ru)(ru)真(zhen)卿议。
贞元七年,太(tai)(tai)常卿(qing)裴郁上(shang)言:“商、周以(yi)(yi)卨、稷为祖(zu)(zu),上(shang)无余尊,故(gu)(gu)(gu)合(he)(he)食有序。汉受命(ming),祖(zu)(zu)高皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di),故(gu)(gu)(gu)太(tai)(tai)上(shang)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)昭(zhao)穆合(he)(he)食。魏(wei)祖(zu)(zu)武(wu)帝(di),晋(jin)(jin)祖(zu)(zu)宣帝(di),故(gu)(gu)(gu)高皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、处士(shi)、征西(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)君,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)昭(zhao)穆合(he)(he)食。景(jing)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)始封唐,唐推祖(zu)(zu)焉,而献(xian)、懿亲尽(jin)庙迁(qian),犹居东向(xiang),非礼(li)之祀(si),神所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)享。愿下(xia)群臣议(yi)。”于(yu)是太(tai)(tai)子左庶子李(li)嵘等(deng)(deng)上(shang)言:“谨(jin)按(an)晋(jin)(jin)孙钦(qin)议(yi):‘太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)前,虽(sui)有主(zhu)(zhu),禘(di)祫所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);其所(suo)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者,太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)后未毁(hui)已升藏(zang)于(yu)二(er)(er)祧(tiao)(tiao)者,故(gu)(gu)(gu)虽(sui)百代及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之。’献(xian)、懿在始封前,亲尽(jin)主(zhu)(zhu)迁(qian),上(shang)拟三代,则禘(di)祫所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)而下(xia),若世(shi)祖(zu)(zu),则《春秋》所(suo)谓(wei)‘陈于(yu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)’者。汉议(yi)罢郡国庙,丞相韦玄成(cheng)议(yi):‘太(tai)(tai)上(shang)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、孝(xiao)惠亲尽(jin)宜毁(hui)。太(tai)(tai)上(shang)主(zhu)(zhu)宜瘗(yi)于(yu)园(yuan),惠主(zhu)(zhu)迁(qian)高庙。’太(tai)(tai)上(shang)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)在太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)前,主(zhu)(zhu)瘗(yi)于(yu)园(yuan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禘(di)祫,献(xian)、懿比也。惠迁(qian)高庙,在太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)后,而及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禘(di)祫,世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)比也。魏(wei)明帝(di)迁(qian)处士(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)置园(yuan)邑,岁时以(yi)(yi)令丞奉荐;东晋(jin)(jin)以(yi)(yi)征西(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)祖(zu)(zu)迁(qian)入西(xi)(xi)除,同谓(wei)之祧(tiao)(tiao),皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)唐初下(xia)讫开元,禘(di)祫犹虚(xu)东向(xiang)位。洎立九庙,追祖(zu)(zu)献(xian)、懿,然祝(zhu)于(yu)三祖(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)称臣。至德(de)时,复(fu)作庙,遂(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为弘农府君主(zhu)(zhu),以(yi)(yi)祀(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也。广(guang)德(de)中,始以(yi)(yi)景(jing)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)当(dang)东向(xiang)位,以(yi)(yi)献(xian)、懿两(liang)主(zhu)(zhu)亲尽(jin),罢祫而藏(zang)。颜真卿(qing)引(yin)蔡(cai)谟(mo)议(yi),复(fu)奉献(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)东向(xiang),懿昭(zhao)景(jing)穆。不(bu)(bu)(bu)记谟(mo)议(yi)晋(jin)(jin)未尝(chang)用,而唐一(yi)王(wang)法容可准乎?臣等(deng)(deng)谓(wei)尝(chang)、禘(di)、郊、社(she)无二(er)(er)尊,瘗(yi)、毁(hui)、迁(qian)、藏(zang),各(ge)以(yi)(yi)义(yi)(yi)断。景(jing)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝(di)已东向(xiang),一(yi)日改易,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可谓(wei)礼(li),宜复(fu)藏(zang)献(xian)、懿二(er)(er)主(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)西(xi)(xi)室(shi),以(yi)(yi)本《祭(ji)法》‘远庙为祧(tiao)(tiao),去祧(tiao)(tiao)而坛,去坛而墠(shan)(shan),坛、墠(shan)(shan),有祷(dao)(dao)祭(ji),无祷(dao)(dao)止’之义(yi)(yi)。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)得正,无所(suo)屈。”
吏部郎中柳冕等(deng)十二(er)人议曰:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)以(yi)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君为(wei)太祖(zu)(zu),诸侯(hou)以(yi)始(shi)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主为(wei)祖(zu)(zu),故(gu)自(zi)太祖(zu)(zu)、祖(zu)(zu)以(yi)下(xia),亲(qin)尽迭毁(hui)。洎秦灭学,汉不暇(xia)礼,晋(jin)失(shi)宋因,故(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)连(lian)王庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,有(you)(you)(you)(you)虚太祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位。且不列昭穆,非(fei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)序(xu)(xu);不建迭毁(hui),非(fei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)杀;连(lian)王庙(miao),非(fei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)别;虚太祖(zu)(zu)位,非(fei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)尊。此礼所(suo)(suo)(suo)由废也(ye)。《传(chuan)》曰:‘父为(wei)士(shi),子(zi)为(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi),祭以(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi),葬以(yi)士(shi)。’今(jin)献、懿二(er)祖(zu)(zu),在(zai)唐未(wei)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)时,犹士(shi)也(ye)。故(gu)高祖(zu)(zu)、太宗以(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)不敢(gan)奉以(yi)东(dong)向位。今(jin)而(er)(er)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无乃(nai)乱先帝序(xu)(xu)乎(hu)?周(zhou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia),追王太王、王季以(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)礼;及其祭,则亲(qin)尽而(er)(er)毁(hui)。汉有(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia),尊太上皇以(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼;及祭也(ye),亲(qin)尽而(er)(er)毁(hui)。唐家(jia)追王献、懿二(er)祖(zu)(zu)以(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)礼;及其祭也(ye),亲(qin)尽而(er)(er)毁(hui),复(fu)何所(suo)(suo)(suo)疑?《周(zhou)官(guan)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)先公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)、先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)。先公迁主,藏后稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao),其周(zhou)未(wei)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)乎(hu)?先王迁主,藏文、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao),其周(zhou)已受(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧(tiao)乎(hu)?故(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)祧(tiao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)异庙(miao)也(ye)。今(jin)自(zi)献而(er)(er)下(xia),犹先公也(ye);自(zi)景而(er)(er)下(xia),犹先王也(ye)。请(qing)别庙(miao)以(yi)居二(er)祖(zu)(zu),则行周(zhou)道,复(fu)古制,便。”
工部郎(lang)(lang)中(zhong)张荐(jian)等请自献而降,悉入(ru)昭穆,虚东向位。司勋(xun)员外(wai)郎(lang)(lang)裴枢曰:“《礼》:‘亲亲故尊祖(zu),尊祖(zu)故敬(jing)(jing)宗(zong),敬(jing)(jing)宗(zong)故收(shou)族(zu),收(shou)族(zu)故宗(zong)庙(miao)严(yan),宗(zong)庙(miao)严(yan)故社稷重。’太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)之(zhi)上,复追尊焉,则(ze)尊祖(zu)之(zhi)义乖。太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)之(zhi)外(wai),别祭(ji)(ji)庙(miao)焉,则(ze)社稷不重。汉韦玄(xuan)成请瘗主(zhu)(zhu)于园,晋虞(yu)喜(xi)(xi)请瘗庙(miao)两阶间(jian)。喜(xi)(xi)据左氏(shi)自证(zheng)曰:‘先王日祭(ji)(ji)祖(zu)、考,月祀(si)曾(ceng)、高(gao),时享及二祧,岁祫(xia)及坛墠(shan),终禘及郊宗(zong)石室(shi),是(shi)谓(wei)郊宗(zong)之(zhi)祖(zu)。’喜(xi)(xi)请夹室(shi)中(zhong)为(wei)石室(shi)以处之(zhi),是(shi)不然。何(he)者?夹室(shi)所以居太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)下,非(fei)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)上藏(zang)主(zhu)(zhu)所居。未有卑处正、尊居傍也。若(ruo)建石室(shi)于园寝,安迁主(zhu)(zhu),采汉、晋旧章,祫(xia)禘率一祭(ji)(ji),庶(shu)乎《春秋》得变之(zhi)正。”
是时,京以考功员(yuan)外郎又言:“兴(xing)圣皇(huang)帝则献之(zhi)曾祖(zu)(zu),懿(yi)之(zhi)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)。以曾孙祔(fu)曾高(gao)之(zhi)庙,人情(qing)大顺也(ye)。”京兆少尹韦武曰(yue):“祫则大合,禘则序祧(tiao)。当祫之(zhi)岁,常(chang)以献东向(xiang),率懿(yi)而后(hou)(hou)以昭穆极亲亲。及禘,则太祖(zu)(zu)筵于西,列众主(zhu)左右,于是太祖(zu)(zu)不为降(jiang),献无所(suo)厌。”时诸(zhu)儒(ru)以左氏“子齐圣,不先(xian)父(fu)食(shi)(shi)”,请迎献主(zhu)权东向(xiang),太祖(zu)(zu)暂还(hai)穆位。同官(guan)尉仲子陵曰(yue):“所(suo)谓不先(xian)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe),丘明正文公逆祀(si)。儒(ru)者(zhe)安知夏后(hou)(hou)世数未足时,言禹不先(xian)鲧乎(hu)?魏、晋始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)率近,始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)上皆有(you)迁主(zhu)。引《閟(bi)宫》诗,则永閟(bi)可也(ye)。因(yin)虞主(zhu),则瘗(yi)园可也(ye)。缘远(yuan)祧(tiao),则筑宫可也(ye)。以太祖(zu)(zu)实卑,则虚位可也(ye)。然(ran)永閟(bi)与瘗(yi)园,臣子所(suo)不安。若(ruo)虚正位,则太祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)尊(zun)无时而申。请奉献、懿(yi)二(er)祖(zu)(zu)迁于德(de)(de)明、兴(xing)圣庙为顺。或(huo)曰(yue)二(er)祖(zu)(zu)别庙,非(fei)合食(shi)(shi)。且德(de)(de)明、兴(xing)圣二(er)庙禘祫之(zhi)年(nian),皆有(you)荐(jian)飨,是已分食(shi)(shi),奚独疑二(er)祖(zu)(zu)乎(hu)?”
国子(zi)四门(men)博士韩愈质(zhi)众议(yi),自申其(qi)说曰:“一谓(wei)(wei)(wei)献、懿(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)主(zhu)(zhu)宜(yi)(yi)永藏(zang)(zang)夹室,臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)。且礼,祫(xia)祭(ji)(ji),毁(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)皆合(he)食。今藏(zang)(zang)夹室,至祫(xia)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)食太庙(miao)(miao)(miao)乎?若二(er)(er)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)豫(yu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)矣(yi)。二(er)(er)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)两主(zhu)(zhu)宜(yi)(yi)毁(hui)而(er)瘗(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)。礼,天子(zi)七庙(miao)(miao)(miao)、一坛、一墠(shan),迁(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)皆藏(zang)(zang)于祧(tiao),虽(sui)百代不(bu)(bu)(bu)毁(hui)。祫(xia)则太庙(miao)(miao)(miao)享(xiang)焉。魏晋(jin)以(yi)(yi)来,始有毁(hui)瘗(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)见于经。唐家立九庙(miao)(miao)(miao),以(yi)(yi)周制(zhi)推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),献、懿(yi)(yi)(yi)犹在坛墠(shan),可(ke)(ke)毁(hui)瘗(yi)(yi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)禘祫(xia)乎?三(san)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)宜(yi)(yi)各迁(qian)诸陵,臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)。二(er)(er)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)享(xiang)太庙(miao)(miao)(miao)二(er)(er)百年,一日迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),恐(kong)眷顾依(yi)违,不(bu)(bu)(bu)即享(xiang)于下国。四谓(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)奉主(zhu)(zhu)祔兴圣庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)禘祫(xia),臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)。礼,‘祭(ji)(ji)如在’。景(jing)皇帝(di)虽(sui)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu),于献、懿(yi)(yi)(yi),子(zi)孙(sun)也(ye)。今引子(zi)东向,废(fei)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)典。五谓(wei)(wei)(wei)献、懿(yi)(yi)(yi)宜(yi)(yi)别立庙(miao)(miao)(miao)京师,臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)。凡礼有降有杀(sha),故去(qu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)为(wei)祧(tiao),去(qu)祧(tiao)为(wei)坛,去(qu)坛为(wei)墠(shan),去(qu)墠(shan)为(wei)鬼,渐而(er)远(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe),祭(ji)(ji)益希。昔鲁立炀宫(gong),《春秋》非之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)当取已(yi)毁(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)、既(ji)藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu),复筑宫(gong)以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)。今议(yi)正同,故臣(chen)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)。古者(zhe)(zhe)殷祖(zu)(zu)(zu)玄(xuan)王,周祖(zu)(zu)(zu)后稷(ji),太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),皆自为(wei)帝(di)。又(you)世(shi)数(shu)已(yi)远(yuan)(yuan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)复祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)得东向也(ye)。景(jing)皇帝(di)虽(sui)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu),于献、懿(yi)(yi)(yi),子(zi)孙(sun)也(ye)。当禘祫(xia),献祖(zu)(zu)(zu)居东向位,景(jing)从(cong)昭若穆,是祖(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)孙(sun)尊,孙(sun)以(yi)(yi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)屈,神道人情,其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)远(yuan)(yuan)。又(you)常祭(ji)(ji)众,合(he)祭(ji)(ji)寡,则太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)所屈少(shao),而(er)所伸多。与其(qi)伸孙(sun)尊,废(fei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)祭(ji)(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)顺乎?”
冕又(you)上(shang)《禘祫(xia)议证》十(shi)四篇,帝(di)诏尚书省会百官、国子儒(ru)官,明(ming)定可(ke)否。左司郎中陆淳(chun)奏:“按《礼(li)》及(ji)诸儒(ru)议,复太(tai)祖之位,正(zheng)也(ye)。太(tai)祖位正(zheng),则(ze)献、懿二(er)主宜有所安。今议者(zhe)有四:曰(yue)(yue)藏夹室(shi),曰(yue)(yue)置别(bie)庙(miao)(miao),曰(yue)(yue)各迁于园(yuan),曰(yue)(yue)祔兴圣庙(miao)(miao)。臣谓藏夹室(shi),则(ze)享献无(wu)期(qi),非(fei)周(zhou)人藏二(er)祧之义;置别(bie)庙(miao)(miao),论始曹魏,《礼(li)》无(wu)传焉,司马晋议而不用;迁诸园(yuan),乱(luan)宗庙(miao)(miao)之制。唯(wei)祔兴圣庙(miao)(miao),禘若(ruo)祫(xia)一祭,庶乎得礼(li)。”帝(di)依违未(wei)决也(ye)。
十(shi)九年,将(jiang)禘祭(ji),京复奏禘祭(ji)大合祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宗,必尊(zun)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)位,正昭(zhao)穆。请诏(zhao)百官议。尚书左仆射姚南仲(zhong)等请奉献(xian)(xian)、懿主祔(fu)(fu)德明(ming)、兴(xing)圣庙(miao)(miao)。鸿(hong)胪卿王(wang)(wang)(wang)权(quan)、申衍之曰(yue):“周人祖(zu)(zu)(zu)文王(wang)(wang)(wang),宗武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang),故《诗·清庙(miao)(miao)》章曰(yue):‘祀(si)(si)文王(wang)(wang)(wang)也。’胡不言太(tai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)?则(ze)太(tai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)而上,皆祔(fu)(fu)后稷,故清庙(miao)(miao)得祀(si)(si)文王(wang)(wang)(wang)也。太(tai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)季(ji)之尊(zun),私礼(li)也;祔(fu)(fu)后稷庙(miao)(miao),不敢以私夺公也。古者(zhe)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)迁(qian)庙(miao)(miao)主,以昭(zhao)穆合藏于祖(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)。献(xian)(xian)、懿主宜祔(fu)(fu)兴(xing)圣庙(miao)(miao),则(ze)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)东向(xiang)得其尊(zun),献(xian)(xian)、懿主归得其所(suo)。”是(shi)(shi)时,言祔(fu)(fu)兴(xing)圣庙(miao)(miao)什七八,天子(zi)尚犹豫未(wei)删定。至(zhi)是(shi)(shi),群臣(chen)稍(shao)显言二(er)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)本追(zhui)崇,非有受命(ming)开国之鸿(hong)构;又权(quan)根援《诗》、《礼(li)》明(ming)白。帝泮然,于是(shi)(shi)定迁(qian)二(er)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)于兴(xing)圣庙(miao)(miao),凡禘祫一享。诏(zhao)增广兴(xing)圣二(er)室(shi)。会祀(si)(si)日薄,庙(miao)(miao)未(wei)成(cheng),张缯为室(shi),内神(shen)主庙(miao)(miao)垣间(jian),奉兴(xing)圣、德明(ming)主居之。庙(miao)(miao)成(cheng)而祔(fu)(fu)。自是(shi)(shi)景(jing)皇(huang)帝遂(sui)东向(xiang)。
京自(zi)博(bo)士献议(yi),弥二十(shi)年乃(nai)决,诸儒无后言。帝(di)(di)赐(ci)京绯(fei)衣、银鱼。昭陵寝占山上,宦(huan)侍惮輓汲乏(fa),请(qing)更其所,宰相(xiang)未能抗。京曰:“此太宗(zong)之(zhi)志,其俭足以为(wei)后世法,不(bu)可改。”议(yi)者(zhe)多附宦(huan)人,帝(di)(di)曰:“京议(yi)善。”卒不(bu)徙。帝(di)(di)器京,谓有宰相(xiang)才(cai),欲(yu)用之(zhi)。会(hui)病狂易,自(zi)刺(ci)弗殊,又言中(zhong)书(shu)舍人崔(cui)邠(bin)、御史中(zhong)丞李汶讪己,帝(di)(di)使(shi)诘(jie)辨无状,然犹自(zi)考功员外再(zai)迁给(ji)事(shi)中(zhong),皆兼集(ji)贤殿学(xue)士。帝(di)(di)疑(yi)京为(wei)忌者(zhe)中(zhong)伤,中(zhong)人问(wen)赉相(xiang)继。后对延(yan)英,帝(di)(di)谕遣,京沮骇走出,罢为(wei)秘书(shu)少监(jian),卒。
初,帝讨李(li)希烈,财用屈,京(jing)(jing)与(yu)户部侍(shi)郎(lang)赵赞请(qing)税(shui)民屋架(jia),籍贾人赀力,以(yi)率贷之(zhi)。宪宗(zong)尝(chang)问宰相(xiang)李(li)吉甫:“我在籓邸,闻(wen)德宗(zong)播迁(qian)梁、汉,久(jiu)乃复(fu),谁实召乱,为(wei)我言之(zhi)。”对曰:“德宗(zong)始即位(wei),躬(gong)行慈俭,经崔祐甫辅政,四方企望至治。祐甫殁,宰相(xiang)非其人,奸(jian)佞营蛊,谓河北叛(pan)臣可以(yi)力服,甘语(yu)先入,主听惑焉。而陈京(jing)(jing)、赵赞为(wei)帝税(shui)屋架(jia),贷贾缗,内怨外忿(fen),身(shen)及大(da)乱。咎兴信宵(xiao)人,剥下(xia)佐上,赖天之(zhi)灵,败不(bu)抵(di)亡。”帝恨惋曰:“京(jing)(jing)与(yu)赞,真贼臣。”
京无(wu)子,以从子褒嗣(si)。褒孙伯宣(xuan),辞著作佐郎不拜(bai)。
赞曰(yue):德宗(zong)(zong)敝(bi)政(zheng),税间架、借商(shang)钱、宫(gong)市为最甚。顺宗(zong)(zong)为太子,欲极(ji)陈之,惩王(wang)叔文之谏而止,其(qi)畏如此(ci)。区区之臣,冒颜而关说,难哉(zai)!其(qi)飨国日浅,志不(bu)在民矣(yi)。宪(xian)宗(zong)(zong)闻暴敛之令首(shou)于贼(zei)臣,感愤(fen)太息,爱(ai)人之至也。及任程异、皇甫(fu)钅(jin)尃,谏者不(bu)听。兴利之臣败君之德甚矣(yi)!
畅当(dang),河东人。父璀,左散骑(qi)常侍,代宗时,与(yu)裴冕(mian)、贾至、王(wang)延昌待制集(ji)贤院,终户部尚书。
当进士擢(zhuo)第(di),贞元初(chu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)博士。昭德(de)(de)(de)皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)崩,中外服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)除,皇(huang)(huang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)王将服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),诏(zhao)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)议太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。当与(yu)(yu)博士张荐、柳冕、李吉甫(fu)曰(yue)(yue):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)齐(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),盖(gai)通丧(sang)(sang)也;太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),古(gu)(gu)无文。晋(jin)(jin)元皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)崩,亦疑太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。杜预议:‘古(gu)(gu)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)(sang),既(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)除服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),魏亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)既(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)节。皇(huang)(huang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)(yu)国为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)体,若不(bu)变(bian)除,则(ze)(ze)东宫臣(chen)(chen)(chen)仆亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衰(shuai)(shuai)麻(ma)(ma)出(chu)入(ru)殿省(sheng)。’太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遂以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卒(zu)哭除服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。贞观十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)六月(yue)(yue),文德(de)(de)(de)皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)崩,十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)葬(zang),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)丧(sang)(sang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节,国史(shi)不(bu)书。至(zhi)明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)(yue),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)晋(jin)(jin)王为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)并州都督。既(ji)(ji)(ji)命官,当已除矣。今(jin)皇(huang)(huang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)宜(yi)(yi)如(ru)魏、晋(jin)(jin)制(zhi)(zhi):既(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)而(er)(er)(er)虞(yu),虞(yu)而(er)(er)(er)卒(zu)哭,卒(zu)哭而(er)(er)(er)除,心(xin)丧(sang)(sang)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。”宰相(xiang)刘滋、齐(qi)映召(zhao)问(wen)当等:“‘子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)食于(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)丧(sang)(sang)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侧(ce),未尝饱也。’今(jin)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衰(shuai)(shuai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)侍膳(shan)(shan)至(zhi)葬(zang),可(ke)乎(hu)?令(ling)(ling):群臣(chen)(chen)(chen)齐(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)公(gong)(gong)除。宜(yi)(yi)约以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)限(xian)。”乃请如(ru)宋、齐(qi)皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)除,入(ru)谒则(ze)(ze)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)墨(mo)(mo)惨(can),还宫衰(shuai)(shuai)麻(ma)(ma)。右补阙穆质上(shang)疏曰(yue)(yue):“‘三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang),自天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)达于(yu)(yu)庶人(ren)。’汉文帝以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宗庙社(she)稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重自贬,乃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)易(yi)月(yue)(yue),后(hou)世所不(bu)能革。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),人(ren)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)也,不(bu)得如(ru)人(ren)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi),母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丧(sang)(sang)宜(yi)(yi)无厌降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。惟晋(jin)(jin)既(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)公(gong)(gong)除,议者(zhe)诡辞以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)甘(gan)时主,不(bu)足师法(fa)。今(jin)有(you)(you)司之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议,亏化败俗,常(chang)情(qing)所郁。夫政以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本,德(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孝为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)。后(hou)世记礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi),自今(jin)而(er)(er)(er)始,顾不(bu)重哉!父(fu)(fu)(fu)在为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)期,古(gu)(gu)礼(li)(li)也。国朝服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),臣(chen)(chen)(chen)谓三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)则(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)重,唯(wei)行古(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得礼(li)(li)。”德(de)(de)(de)宗遣内(nei)(nei)常(chang)侍马钦叙谓质曰(yue)(yue):“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)抚军(jun)、监(jian)国、问(wen)安、侍膳(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,有(you)(you)司以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)除,既(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)释服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)墨(mo)(mo)衰(shuai)(shuai)终,是何疑邪(xie)?”质又(you)奏疏曰(yue)(yue):“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)陛下(xia),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)道(dao)也,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)道(dao)也。君臣(chen)(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义,则(ze)(ze)抚军(jun)监(jian)国,有(you)(you)权夺。父(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)问(wen)安侍膳(shan)(shan),固无服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)衰(shuai)(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌,古(gu)(gu)未有(you)(you)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)衰(shuai)(shuai)而(er)(er)(er)废者(zhe)。舒王以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),将不(bu)得问(wen)安侍膳(shan)(shan)邪(xie)?太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、舒王,皆臣(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也,不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)甚(shen)异(yi)(yi)。且皇(huang)(huang)后(hou),天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),其父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),士庶也,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士庶降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),可(ke)也。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),臣(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),可(ke)乎(hu)?公(gong)(gong)除,非古(gu)(gu)也。入(ru)公(gong)(gong)门(men)变(bian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),今(jin)期丧(sang)(sang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)惨(can)制(zhi)(zhi)是也。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)晨(chen)昏侍,非公(gong)(gong)除比。墨(mo)(mo)衰(shuai)(shuai)夺情(qing),事缘金革。今(jin)不(bu)监(jian)国抚军(jun),何抑夺邪(xie)?子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),礼(li)(li)异(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)情(qing)均。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)奉(feng)君父(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)远,报母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)少(shao),忍使失(shi)令(ling)(ling)名(ming)哉?”乃诏(zhao)宰臣(chen)(chen)(chen)与(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)司更(geng)议,当等曰(yue)(yue):“《礼(li)(li)》有(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)门(men)脱(tuo)齐(qi)衰(shuai)(shuai),《开元礼(li)(li)》,皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue),从(cong)朝旨则(ze)(ze)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)(ri)而(er)(er)(er)除;皇(huang)(huang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)外祖(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)五月(yue)(yue),从(cong)朝旨则(ze)(ze)五日(ri)(ri)(ri)而(er)(er)(er)除。恐丧(sang)(sang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)入(ru)侍,伤(shang)至(zhi)尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,非特以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金革夺也。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)除,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)墨(mo)(mo)惨(can)奉(feng)朝,归宫衰(shuai)(shuai)麻(ma)(ma),酌变(bian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)也。”宰相(xiang)乃令(ling)(ling)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)卿郑(zheng)叔则(ze)(ze)草奏:“既(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)卒(zu)哭,十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)小祥(xiang),十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)月(yue)(yue)大(da)祥(xiang),十(shi)(shi)(shi)五月(yue)(yue)礻覃,内(nei)(nei)谒即墨(mo)(mo)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”复诏(zhao)问(wen)质,质以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)虽不(bu)能循(xun)古(gu)(gu)礼(li)(li),犹愈于(yu)(yu)魏、晋(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文远甚(shen)。宰相(xiang)乃言:“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)居皇(huang)(huang)后(hou)丧(sang)(sang),至(zhi)朝则(ze)(ze)抑哀承慈(ci),实(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)至(zhi)行。唯(wei)心(xin)与(yu)(yu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),内(nei)(nei)外宜(yi)(yi)称。今(jin)质请降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)诏(zhao)于(yu)(yu)外,无害墨(mo)(mo)衰(shuai)(shuai)于(yu)(yu)内(nei)(nei)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)谓言行于(yu)(yu)外,而(er)(er)(er)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)内(nei)(nei),事非至(zhi)诚,乖于(yu)(yu)德(de)(de)(de)教。请下(xia)明诏(zhao)如(ru)叔则(ze)(ze)议。”天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及董晋(jin)(jin)代叔则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)常(chang)卿,帝曰(yue)(yue):“皇(huang)(huang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)期,繇谏官,初(chu)非朕意。畅当等请循(xun)魏、晋(jin)(jin)故事,至(zhi)论也。”
当以果州刺史卒。
林蕴(yun),字复梦,泉州莆(pu)田人。父披(pi),字茂彦,以临汀多山鬼淫祠,民厌苦之,撰《无鬼论》。刺史樊晃奏署临汀令,以治(zhi)行迁别(bie)驾。
蕴(yun)世(shi)通(tong)经(jing),西(xi)川节度使(shi)韦皋辟推官。刘(liu)辟反,蕴(yun)晓(xiao)以逆顺,不听。复遗书切谏,辟怒,械于狱,且杀(sha)之(zhi),将就刑,大呼曰:“‘危邦不入,乱邦不居’,得死(si)为幸矣!”辟惜(xi)其直,阴戒(jie)刑人抽剑磨其颈,以胁服之(zhi)。蕴(yun)叱曰:“死(si)即死(si),我(wo)项岂(qi)顽(wan)奴砥石邪?”辟知不可(ke)服,舍之(zhi),斥为唐昌尉。及(ji)辟败(bai),蕴(yun)名重京师。
李(li)吉甫、李(li)绛、武元(yuan)衡为(wei)相,蕴贻书讽以:“国家有西土(tu),犹右臂也(ye)。今臂不(bu)(bu)附体,北(bei)弥(mi)豳郊,西极汧、陇,不(bu)(bu)数(shu)百(bai)(bai)里为(wei)外域。泾(jing)原、凤翔、邠宁三镇皆(jie)(jie)右臂,大籓拥旄钺数(shu)十(shi)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),唯李(li)抱玉(yu)请(qing)复河、湟(huang),命将(jiang)不(bu)(bu)得(de)其人(ren)(ren)(ren),宜拔行伍之(zhi)长,使守秦、陇。王者(zhe)功成作(zuo)乐,治定制礼。有权臣制乐曲(qu),自立(li)丧(sang)纪。舜命契:‘百(bai)(bai)姓弗亲,五品不(bu)(bu)逊,汝作(zuo)司徒。’唐以皋、佑、锷、季(ji)安为(wei)司徒,官(guan)不(bu)(bu)择人(ren)(ren)(ren)。卢从史、于皋谟罪大而刑轻。农桑无百(bai)(bai)分之(zhi)一,农夫一人(ren)(ren)(ren)给百(bai)(bai)口,蚕妇一人(ren)(ren)(ren)供(gong)百(bai)(bai)身,竭(jie)力于下者(zhe),饥不(bu)(bu)得(de)食,寒(han)不(bu)(bu)得(de)衣(yi)。边兵(bing)菜色,而将(jiang)帅纵侈(chi)自养。中(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)十(shi)户不(bu)(bu)足(zu)以给一无功之(zhi)卒,百(bai)(bai)卒不(bu)(bu)足(zu)奉一骄将(jiang)。”六事皆(jie)(jie)当时极敝。蕴亦韦皋所引重,嫉其专制,感愤(fen)关说。然(ran)嗜酒多忤物(wu),宰相置不(bu)(bu)用(yong)也(ye)。
沧景程权(quan)辟(pi)掌书记。既而(er)权(quan)上四州(zhou)版(ban)籍请吏(li),而(er)军中习熟擅地(di),畏内属(shu),挟权(quan)拒命(ming),不得出(chu)。蕴(yun)陈君臣大谊(yi),谕首将,人(ren)人(ren)释然,于(yu)是(shi)权(quan)得去。蕴(yun)迁(qian)礼部(bu)员外郎。刑部(bu)侍(shi)郎刘(liu)伯(bo)刍(chu)荐之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)朝,出(chu)为邵州(zhou)刺史。尝杖杀客陶玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi),投(tou)尸(shi)江中,籍其妻为倡,复坐赃,杖流儋州(zhou)而(er)卒。
蕴(yun)辩给(ji),尝有姓崔者矜氏族(zu),蕴(yun)折之曰:“崔杼弑齐君,林放问(wen)礼之本,优(you)劣何(he)如邪?”其人俯首不能对。
韦(wei)公(gong)(gong)肃,隋(sui)仪同观城公(gong)(gong)约(yue)七(qi)世孙。元和(he)初为(wei)太(tai)(tai)常博士兼脩撰。宪宗将耕(geng)籍,诏公(gong)(gong)肃草具(ju)仪典(dian),容家(jia)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)少(shao)傅判太(tai)(tai)常卿(qing)事郑(zheng)余庆庙(miao)有(you)二(er)(er)祖(zu)妣(bi),疑于祔祭,请诸有(you)司。公(gong)(gong)肃议:“古诸侯一娶九女,故庙(miao)无(wu)二(er)(er)嫡(di)。自(zi)秦以(yi)来有(you)再娶,前娶后继(ji)(ji),皆(jie)嫡(di)也(ye)(ye),两(liang)(liang)祔无(wu)嫌。晋骠骑大将军温峤继(ji)(ji)室三(san),疑并(bing)为(wei)夫人,以(yi)问太(tai)(tai)学(xue)博士陈舒,舒曰(yue)(yue):‘妻(qi)虽先没,荣辱并(bing)从(cong)夫。礼祔于祖(zu)姑(gu),祖(zu)姑(gu)有(you)三(san),则(ze)各祔舅之(zhi)(zhi)所生(sheng)。是皆(jie)夫人也(ye)(ye)。生(sheng)以(yi)正(zheng)礼,没不可贬。’于是遂用舒议。且嫡(di)继(ji)(ji)于古有(you)殊制,于今无(wu)异(yi)(yi)等,祔配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)典(dian),安得不同?卿(qing)士之(zhi)(zhi)寝(qin)祭二(er)(er)妻(qi),庙(miao)享可异(yi)(yi)乎?古继(ji)(ji)以(yi)媵妾(qie),今以(yi)嫡(di)妻(qi),不宜援(yuan)一娶为(wei)比,使(shi)子(zi)孙荣享不逮也(ye)(ye)。或曰(yue)(yue):‘《春秋》,鲁惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)元妃孟(meng)子(zi)卒,继(ji)(ji)室以(yi)声子(zi),声子(zi),孟(meng)侄娣也(ye)(ye),不入(ru)惠(hui)庙(miao)。宋武公(gong)(gong)生(sheng)仲(zhong)子(zi),归于鲁,生(sheng)桓公(gong)(gong)而惠(hui)薨,立宫而奉之(zhi)(zhi),不合于惠(hui)公(gong)(gong),而别宫者何(he)?追(zhui)父志也(ye)(ye)。然其比奈何(he)?’曰(yue)(yue):晋南昌府君庙(miao)有(you)荀、薛两(liang)(liang)氏(shi),景帝庙(miao)有(you)夏侯、羊两(liang)(liang)氏(shi),唐家(jia)睿宗室则(ze)昭成(cheng)、肃明二(er)(er)后,故太(tai)(tai)师颜真卿(qing)祖(zu)室有(you)殷、柳两(liang)(liang)氏(shi)。二(er)(er)夫人并(bing)祔,故事则(ze)然。”诸儒不能异(yi)(yi)。
初,睿宗(zong)祥月(yue),太常奏朔望弛(chi)朝(chao),尚食进蔬具,止乐。余日(ri)御便殿,具供奉仗。中书(shu)、门(men)下(xia)官得(de)侍,它非奏事(shi)毋谒。前忌(ji)(ji)与晦三(san)日(ri)、后(hou)(hou)三(san)日(ri),皆不(bu)听事(shi)。忌(ji)(ji)晦之明(ming)日(ri),百官叩(kou)侧门(men)通慰(wei)。后(hou)(hou)遂为常。及是(shi)(shi),公肃上(shang)言(yan):“《礼》,忌(ji)(ji)日(ri)不(bu)乐,而无忌(ji)(ji)月(yue)。唯晋穆帝将(jiang)纳后(hou)(hou),疑康帝忌(ji)(ji)月(yue),下(xia)其(qi)议(yi)有(you)司,于是(shi)(shi)荀纳、王洽等引(yin)忌(ji)(ji)时、忌(ji)(ji)岁讥破其(qi)言(yan)。今有(you)司承(cheng)前所禁,在二十五月(yue)限,有(you)弛(chi)朝(chao)彻乐事(shi)。丧除则(ze)礼革,王者不(bu)以私怀(huai)逾礼节,故(gu)禫礼徙月(yue)乐,渐去(qu)其(qi)情也,不(bu)容(rong)追远(yuan),而立礼反重。今兹(zi)太常,虽郊(jiao)庙(miao),乐且停习,是(shi)(shi)谓反重以慢神也。有(you)司悉禁中外作乐,是(shi)(shi)谓无故(gu)而彻也。愿依经(jing)谊,裁正其(qi)违。”有(you)诏中书(shu)门(men)下(xia)召礼官、学官议(yi),咸曰宜如公肃所请。制可。以官寿卒(zu)。
许康佐,贞元中举(ju)进(jin)士、宏(hong)辞,连中之。家苦贫,母(mu)老,求为知院官(guan),人(ren)(ren)讥其不(bu)(bu)择(ze)禄。及母(mu)丧已除,凡(fan)辟命皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)答(da),人(ren)(ren)乃知其为亲屈,由是有名。
迁侍(shi)御(yu)史。以(yi)中(zhong)书(shu)舍(she)人为(wei)翰林侍(shi)讲学士,与王起皆为(wei)文宗宠礼(li)(li)。帝读《春秋》至“阍(hun)弑吴子余祭”,问:“阍(hun)何人邪?”康(kang)(kang)佐(zuo)以(yi)中(zhong)官方强,不(bu)敢对,帝嘻笑(xiao)罢(ba)。后(hou)观书(shu)蓬莱(lai)殿,召李训问之,对曰(yue):“古阍(hun)寺,今宦人也。君不(bu)近刑臣(chen)(chen),以(yi)为(wei)轻死之道,孔子书(shu)之以(yi)为(wei)戒(jie)。”帝曰(yue):“朕(zhen)迩(er)刑臣(chen)(chen)多矣(yi),得(de)不(bu)虑(lv)哉!”训曰(yue):“列圣(sheng)知而不(bu)能远,恶而不(bu)能去,陛下念之,宗庙福也。”于是(shi)内(nei)谋翦除矣(yi)。康(kang)(kang)佐(zuo)知帝指(zhi),因辞疾(ji),罢(ba)为(wei)兵部(bu)侍(shi)郎。迁礼(li)(li)部(bu)尚书(shu)。卒,赠(zeng)吏部(bu),谥(shi)曰(yue)懿。
诸弟(di)皆擢进(jin)士第(di),而尧佐(zuo)(zuo)最先进(jin),又(you)举宏辞,为太(tai)子校(xiao)书郎(lang)。八年,康佐(zuo)(zuo)继(ji)之。尧佐(zuo)(zuo)位谏(jian)议大夫(fu)。
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