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新唐书 列传第一百四十五 东夷在线阅读

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列传第一百四十(shi)五 东(dong)夷

高丽,本扶馀别种也。地东跨海距新罗,南亦跨海距百济,西北度辽水与营州接,北靺鞨。其君居平壤城,亦谓长安城,汉乐浪郡也,去京师五千里而赢,随山屈缭为郛,南涯浿水,王筑宫其左。又有国内城、汉城,号别都。水有大辽、少辽:大辽出靺鞨西南山,南历安市城;少辽出辽山西,亦南流,有梁水出塞外,西行与之合。有马訾水出靺鞨之白山,色若鸭头,号鸭渌水,历国内城西,与盐难水合,又西南至安市,入于海。而平壤在鸭渌东南,以巨舻济人,因恃以为堑。

官凡十(shi)二级:曰(yue)大(da)(da)对庐,或曰(yue)吐捽;曰(yue)郁折,主图簿者(zhe)(zhe);曰(yue)太大(da)(da)使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe);曰(yue)帛(bo)衣头大(da)(da)兄,所谓帛(bo)衣者(zhe)(zhe),先(xian)人也,秉(bing)国政,三岁一易,善职则否,凡代(dai)日,有(you)(you)不(bu)服(fu)则相攻,王为(wei)闭宫守,胜者(zhe)(zhe)听为(wei)之(zhi);曰(yue)大(da)(da)使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe);曰(yue)大(da)(da)兄;曰(yue)上(shang)位使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe);曰(yue)诸兄;曰(yue)小(xiao)使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe);曰(yue)过节;曰(yue)先(xian)人;曰(yue)古邹(zou)大(da)(da)加。其州县六十(shi)。大(da)(da)城(cheng)置傉萨一,比(bi)都督(du);馀(yu)城(cheng)置处闾(lv)近(jin)支,亦号道使(shi),比(bi)刺(ci)史(shi)。有(you)(you)参佐,分干。有(you)(you)大(da)(da)模达,比(bi)卫(wei)将军;末客(ke),比(bi)中郎(lang)将。

分五部(bu)(bu):曰(yue)内部(bu)(bu),即(ji)汉桂娄部(bu)(bu)也,亦(yi)号(hao)黄部(bu)(bu);曰(yue)北(bei)部(bu)(bu),即(ji)绝奴(nu)(nu)部(bu)(bu)也,或号(hao)后(hou)部(bu)(bu);曰(yue)东部(bu)(bu),即(ji)顺奴(nu)(nu)部(bu)(bu)也,或号(hao)左部(bu)(bu);曰(yue)南(nan)部(bu)(bu),即(ji)灌(guan)奴(nu)(nu)部(bu)(bu)也,亦(yi)号(hao)前部(bu)(bu);曰(yue)西部(bu)(bu),即(ji)消奴(nu)(nu)部(bu)(bu)也。

王(wang)服五(wu)采,以(yi)白(bai)罗(luo)制冠(guan),革带(dai)皆金扣。大臣青罗(luo)冠(guan),次绛罗(luo),珥(er)两鸟羽(yu),金银(yin)杂扣,衫筒袖,裤大口,白(bai)韦带(dai),黄革履(lv)。庶人(ren)衣褐,戴弁(bian)。女子首巾帼。俗(su)喜弈、投壶(hu)、蹴鞠。食用笾、豆、簠(fu)、簋、罍、洗。居依山谷,以(yi)草(cao)茨屋,惟王(wang)宫(gong)、官府、佛庐(lu)以(yi)瓦。窭民盛冬作长坑,煴(yun)火以(yi)取暖(nuan)。其治(zhi),峭法以(yi)绳下,故(gu)少犯。叛(pan)者(zhe)丛炬灼体,乃斩(zhan)之,籍入其家。降、败、杀人(ren)及(ji)剽劫(jie)者(zhe)斩(zhan),盗者(zhe)十倍取偿,杀牛马者(zhe)没为奴(nu)婢(bi),故(gu)道不掇遗(yi)。婚(hun)娶不用币,有(you)受者(zhe)耻之。服父母丧三年,兄弟逾月除。俗(su)多淫祠,礼(li)灵(ling)星及(ji)日、箕子、可(ke)汗等神。国(guo)左(zuo)有(you)大穴曰神隧,每十月,王(wang)皆自祭。人(ren)喜学,至穷里厮家,亦相矜勉(mian),衢侧悉构严屋,号局堂,子弟未婚(hun)者(zhe)曹处(chu),诵经习射。

隋(sui)末,其(qi)王(wang)高元死,异母弟(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)嗣。武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)(de)初,再(zai)遣使入朝。高祖(zu)下书(shu)脩好,约高丽人(ren)(ren)在中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)者护(hu)送,中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)在高丽者敕(chi)遣还。于(yu)(yu)是建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)悉搜亡(wang)命(ming)归有(you)司(si),且万人(ren)(ren)。后(hou)三年,遣使者拜为(wei)上(shang)柱国(guo)(guo)(guo)、辽(liao)(liao)东郡(jun)王(wang)、高丽王(wang)。命(ming)道士以像法往(wang),为(wei)讲《老子》。建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)悦,率(lv)国(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)共听之,日数(shu)(shu)千人(ren)(ren)。帝谓(wei)左右(you)曰:“名(ming)实须(xu)相副。高丽虽臣(chen)于(yu)(yu)隋(sui),而终拒炀(yang)帝,何臣(chen)之为(wei)?朕务安人(ren)(ren),何必(bi)受其(qi)臣(chen)?”裴矩(ju)、温彦博谏曰:“辽(liao)(liao)东本箕子国(guo)(guo)(guo),魏晋(jin)时(shi)故封内,不可不臣(chen)。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)与(yu)夷狄,犹太(tai)阳于(yu)(yu)列星,不可以降。”乃(nai)止。明年,新罗(luo)、百济上(shang)书(shu),言建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)闭(bi)道,使不得朝,且数(shu)(shu)侵入。有(you)诏(zhao)散骑侍郎(lang)硃(zhu)子奢持(chi)节(jie)(jie)谕和,建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)谢罪(zui),乃(nai)请与(yu)二国(guo)(guo)(guo)平(ping)。太(tai)宗已禽突厥颉(jie)利(li),建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)遣使者贺(he),并(bing)上(shang)封域图。帝诏(zhao)广州司(si)马长孙(sun)师临瘗隋(sui)士战(zhan)胔,毁高丽所立京观。建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)惧,乃(nai)筑(zhu)长城千里,东北首扶(fu)馀,西南(nan)属(shu)之海。久(jiu)之,遣太(tai)子桓(huan)权入朝献方物,帝厚赐赍,诏(zhao)使者陈大(da)德(de)(de)持(chi)节(jie)(jie)答劳(lao),且观亹(wei)。大(da)德(de)(de)入其(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo),厚饷官守,悉得其(qi)纤曲。见华人(ren)(ren)流客者,为(wei)道亲戚存(cun)亡(wang),人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)垂涕,故所至士女(nv)夹道观。建(jian)(jian)(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)盛陈兵见使者。大(da)德(de)(de)还奏,帝悦。大(da)德(de)(de)又言:“闻高昌灭,其(qi)大(da)对庐三至馆,有(you)加礼焉(yan)。”帝曰:“高丽地止四郡(jun),我发卒(zu)数(shu)(shu)万攻辽(liao)(liao)东,诸城必(bi)救(jiu),我以舟师自东莱帆海趋平(ping)壤,固易。然天下甫平(ping),不欲劳(lao)人(ren)(ren)耳。”

有盖(gai)苏文(wen)者,或号盖(gai)金(jin),姓泉(quan)氏,自云生(sheng)水中以(yi)惑众(zhong)。性忍暴。父(fu)为(wei)东部大(da)(da)人(ren)、大(da)(da)对庐,死。盖(gai)苏文(wen)当嗣,国人(ren)恶(e)之(zhi),不得立。顿首谢众(zhong),请(qing)摄(she)职(zhi),有不可,虽废无悔。众(zhong)哀之(zhi),遂嗣位。残凶不道,诸(zhu)大(da)(da)臣与建武议诛之(zhi),盖(gai)苏文(wen)觉,悉(xi)召诸(zhu)部,绐(dai)云大(da)(da)阅(yue)兵(bing),列馔具请(qing)大(da)(da)臣临视,宾(bin)至尽(jin)杀之(zhi),凡百余人(ren)。驰入宫杀建武,残其(qi)尸(shi)投(tou)诸(zhu)沟(gou)。更立建武弟之(zhi)子藏为(wei)王(wang),自为(wei)莫离支(zhi),专(zhuan)国,犹(you)唐(tang)兵(bing)部尚书、中书令职(zhi)云。貌魁秀,美须髯,冠服皆(jie)饰以(yi)金(jin),佩五刀,左(zuo)右莫敢仰视。使贵人(ren)伏诸(zhu)地(di),践以(yi)升(sheng)马。出入陈兵(bing),长呼禁切,行人(ren)畏窜,至投(tou)坑谷。

帝闻建武为(wei)下所(suo)杀,恻然(ran)遣使者持节吊祭。或劝帝可遂讨之,帝不(bu)欲因丧伐罪,乃拜藏(zang)为(wei)辽东郡王、高丽王。帝曰:“盖苏文(wen)杀君攘国,朕取之易耳,不(bu)愿劳人,若何?”司空房玄龄曰:“陛下士勇而力有(you)余,戢(ji)不(bu)用,所(suo)谓(wei)‘止戈为(wei)武’者。”司徒长孙(sun)无忌(ji)曰:“高丽无一介告难,宜(yi)赐书(shu)安尉(wei)之,隐其患,抚其存(cun),彼当听命。”帝曰:“善。”

会新(xin)罗(luo)(luo)遣(qian)使(shi)者(zhe)上书言:“高丽(li)(li)、百(bai)济联和,将见讨(tao)。谨归命天(tian)(tian)子(zi)。”帝(di)问:“若(ruo)何而(er)(er)免?”使(shi)者(zhe)曰(yue):“计(ji)穷矣,惟(wei)陛(bi)下(xia)哀怜!”帝(di)曰(yue):“我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)偏兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)率契丹、靺鞨(he)入辽东,而(er)(er)国(guo)可(ke)纾一(yi)岁(sui),一(yi)策也(ye)(ye)。我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)绛袍丹帜数千赐而(er)(er)国(guo),至,建以(yi)(yi)(yi)阵,二国(guo)见,谓我(wo)师至,必走(zou),二策也(ye)(ye)。百(bai)济恃海,不修戎械,我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)舟师数万袭之(zhi)(zhi);而(er)(er)国(guo)女君(jun),故为邻侮,我(wo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)宗室主而(er)(er)国(guo),待安则(ze)自(zi)守之(zhi)(zhi),三策也(ye)(ye)。使(shi)者(zhe)计(ji)孰取?”使(shi)者(zhe)不能对。于是遣(qian)司(si)农丞相里玄奖(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)玺(xi)书让高丽(li)(li),且使(shi)止(zhi)勿攻。使(shi)未至,而(er)(er)盖苏文已取新(xin)罗(luo)(luo)二城。玄奖(jiang)谕帝(di)旨,答(da)曰(yue):“往隋见侵,新(xin)罗(luo)(luo)乘邅夺我(wo)地五(wu)百(bai)里,今非尽反地,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不止(zhi)。”玄奖(jiang)曰(yue):“往事乌足论(lun)邪?辽东故中国(guo)郡县(xian),天(tian)(tian)子(zi)且不取,高丽(li)(li)焉得违诏(zhao)?”不从。玄奖(jiang)还奏,帝(di)曰(yue):“莫(mo)离(li)支(zhi)杀君(jun),虐(nve)用其下(xia)如擭阱(jing),怨痛溢(yi)道,我(wo)出(chu)师无名哉?”谏议大夫褚遂良曰(yue):“陛(bi)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)度辽而(er)(er)克固善,万分一(yi)不得逞,且再用师,再用师,安危不可(ke)亿。”兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)部尚书李勣曰(yue):“不然。曩薛延陀(tuo)盗边,陛(bi)下(xia)欲追(zhui)击,魏徵苦谏而(er)(er)止(zhi)。向(xiang)若(ruo)击之(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)马(ma)不生(sheng)返。后复畔扰,至今为恨(hen)。”帝(di)曰(yue):“诚(cheng)然。但一(yi)虑之(zhi)(zhi)失而(er)(er)尤之(zhi)(zhi),后谁为我(wo)计(ji)者(zhe)?”新(xin)罗(luo)(luo)数请援,乃下(xia)吴船四百(bai)柁输(shu)粮,诏(zhao)营州都(dou)督(du)张俭(jian)等(deng)发幽(you)、营兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)及契丹、奚、靺鞨(he)等(deng)出(chu)讨(tao)。会辽溢(yi),师还。莫(mo)离(li)支(zhi)惧,遣(qian)使(shi)者(zhe)内(nei)金,帝(di)不纳。使(shi)者(zhe)又言:“莫(mo)离(li)支(zhi)遣(qian)官五(wu)十入宿卫。”帝(di)怒(nu)责使(shi)者(zhe)曰(yue):“而(er)(er)等(deng)委质高武,而(er)(er)不伏节死义,又为逆子(zi)谋,不可(ke)赦。”悉(xi)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)狱。

于(yu)(yu)是帝欲自将讨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),召长(zhang)(zhang)安(an)耆(qi)老(lao)劳(lao)(lao)曰:“辽东故中(zhong)国(guo)地(di),而莫离支贼杀其(qi)主(zhu),朕(zhen)将自行经略(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故与父老(lao)约:子若(ruo)孙从我行者,我能拊循之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),毋(wu)(wu)(wu)庸(yong)恤也。”即厚赐布粟(su)(su)。群臣皆(jie)劝帝毋(wu)(wu)(wu)行,帝曰:“吾知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣,去本而就末,舍高(gao)以(yi)取下,释近而之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远(yuan),三(san)者为(wei)不(bu)祥,伐(fa)高(gao)丽(li)是也。然盖苏文弑君(jun),又(you)(you)戮大(da)臣以(yi)逞,一国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)延颈(jing)待救,议者顾未亮(liang)耳。”于(yu)(yu)是北输粟(su)(su)营(ying)州,东储(chu)(chu)粟(su)(su)古大(da)人(ren)(ren)城。帝幸洛阳,乃以(yi)张(zhang)亮(liang)为(wei)平壤(rang)道行军大(da)总管,常(chang)何(he)、左难(nan)当副(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),冉仁德、刘(liu)英行、张(zhang)文干、庞孝泰、程名(ming)振(zhen)为(wei)总管,帅(shuai)(shuai)江、吴、京、洛募兵(bing)凡四万,吴艘(sou)五(wu)百,泛海趋平壤(rang)。以(yi)李勣为(wei)辽东道行军大(da)总管,江夏王道宗副(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),张(zhang)士贵、张(zhang)俭、执失思力(li)、契苾何(he)力(li)、阿史那(nei)弥射、姜德本、曲(qu)智盛、吴黑闼为(wei)行军总管隶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),帅(shuai)(shuai)骑(qi)士六万趋辽东。诏曰:“朕(zhen)所过,营(ying)顿(dun)毋(wu)(wu)(wu)饬(chi),食毋(wu)(wu)(wu)丰怪,水可涉者勿(wu)作桥梁,行在非近州县不(bu)得(de)令学生、耆(qi)老(lao)迎谒。朕(zhen)昔提戈(ge)拨(bo)乱(luan),无盈月储(chu)(chu),犹(you)所响风靡。今(jin)幸家给人(ren)(ren)足,只恐劳(lao)(lao)于(yu)(yu)转饷(xiang),故驱牛羊(yang)以(yi)饲军。且朕(zhen)必胜(sheng)有五(wu):以(yi)我大(da)击彼小,以(yi)我顺讨彼逆,以(yi)我安(an)乘(cheng)彼乱(luan),以(yi)我逸敌彼劳(lao)(lao),以(yi)我悦(yue)当彼怨(yuan),渠(qu)忧不(bu)克邪!”又(you)(you)发契丹(dan)、奚、新罗、百济(ji)诸君(jun)长(zhang)(zhang)兵(bing)悉会(hui)。

十(shi)九年二月,帝自(zi)洛阳次定州,谓左右曰(yue):“今天下大(da)定,唯辽东(dong)未宾,后嗣因士(shi)(shi)马盛强,谋臣导以征讨,丧乱方始,朕(zhen)故自(zi)取之,不遗后世忧也。”帝坐城(cheng)门,过兵,人(ren)人(ren)抚慰(wei),疾病者亲视之,敕(chi)州县治疗(liao),士(shi)(shi)大(da)悦。长(zhang)(zhang)孙无忌白奏:“天下符鱼悉从,而(er)(er)宫官止(zhi)十(shi)人(ren),天下以为轻神器。”帝曰(yue):“士(shi)(shi)度辽十(shi)万,皆(jie)去家(jia)室。朕(zhen)以十(shi)人(ren)从,尚(shang)恧其多,公止(zhi)勿言!”帝身(shen)属橐房,结两箙于(yu)鞍。四月,勣绩(ji)济辽水,高丽皆(jie)婴(ying)城(cheng)守。帝大(da)飨士(shi)(shi),帐幽州之南,诏长(zhang)(zhang)孙无忌誓师,乃引(yin)而(er)(er)东(dong)。

勣(ji)(ji)攻(gong)盖(gai)(gai)牟(mou)城(cheng),拔(ba)之,得户二(er)万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),粮十(shi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)石,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)地为(wei)盖(gai)(gai)州。程(cheng)名振攻(gong)沙卑城(cheng),夜入(ru)(ru)其(qi)西,城(cheng)溃,虏(lu)其(qi)口(kou)八千(qian),游兵(bing)(bing)鸭渌(lu)上。勣(ji)(ji)遂(sui)围辽东城(cheng)。帝次辽泽,诏瘗隋战(zhan)士(shi)露骼。高(gao)丽(li)发(fa)新城(cheng)、国内城(cheng)骑四万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)救辽东。道宗(zong)(zong)率张(zhang)乂(yi)君逆战(zhan),君乂(yi)却。道宗(zong)(zong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)骑驰之,虏(lu)兵(bing)(bing)辟易(yi),夺其(qi)梁,收(shou)散卒(zu),高(gao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)望,见(jian)高(gao)丽(li)阵嚣,急击破之,斩首千(qian)馀级,诛君乂(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)徇。帝度(du)辽水,彻杠(gang)彴(zhuo),坚(jian)士(shi)心。营马首山(shan),身到城(cheng)下(xia),见(jian)士(shi)填堑,分负之,重者马上持之’群臣震惧,争挟塊(kuai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)进。城(cheng)有(you)硃蒙祠(ci),祠(ci)有(you)锁甲(jia)、铦矛,妄言(yan)前燕世天所(suo)降。方围急,饰美女以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)妇(fu)神(shen),诬言(yan)硃蒙悦,城(cheng)必完。勣(ji)(ji)列抛(pao)车,飞(fei)大石过三百步,所(suo)当辄溃,虏(lu)积木为(wei)楼,结絙罔(wang),不(bu)能拒。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冲(chong)车撞(zhuang)陴屋(wu),碎(sui)之。时百济(ji)上金旐铠(kai),又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)金为(wei)山(shan)五文铠(kai),士(shi)被以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)从。帝与勣(ji)(ji)会,甲(jia)光(guang)炫日。会南风(feng)急,士(shi)纵火焚(fen)西南,熛延(yan)城(cheng)中,屋(wu)几尽,人死于燎者万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)馀。众登陴,虏(lu)蒙盾以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)拒,士(shi)举长矛舂之,蔺(lin)石如(ru)雨(yu),城(cheng)遂(sui)溃,获(huo)胜兵(bing)(bing)万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),户四万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan),粮五十(shi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)石。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)地为(wei)辽州。初,帝自(zi)太子所(suo)属行在,舍置一烽,约下(xia)辽东举烽,是(shi)日传(chuan)燎入(ru)(ru)塞。

进(jin)攻(gong)白崖城,城负山有(you)厓水,险甚。帝壁西北。虏(lu)酋孙伐(fa)音(yin)阴丐降,然城中(zhong)不能(neng)(neng)一。帝赐(ci)帜曰(yue):“若降,建于(yu)堞以信(xin)。”俄而(er)举帜,城人皆以唐(tang)兵(bing)登矣,乃(nai)降。初,伐(fa)音(yin)中(zhong)悔(hui),帝怒,约(yue)以虏(lu)口畀(bi)诸将(jiang)。及是,李勣曰(yue):“士(shi)奋而(er)先,贪虏(lu)获也。今城危拔(ba),不可(ke)许降以孤士(shi)心。”帝曰(yue):“将(jiang)军言是也。然纵(zong)兵(bing)杀戮,略人妻孥,朕不忍。将(jiang)军麾(hui)下有(you)功(gong)者,朕能(neng)(neng)以库物赏之(zhi),庶(shu)因将(jiang)军赎(shu)一城乎。”获男女凡万、兵(bing)二千。以其地为岩州,拜伐(fa)音(yin)为刺(ci)史。莫离支以加尸人七百戍(shu)盖牟,勣俘之(zhi)。请自(zi)效,帝曰(yue):“而(er)家加尸,乃(nai)为我战,将(jiang)尽戮矣。夷一姓求一人力,不可(ke)。”禀而(er)纵(zong)之(zhi)。

次安市(shi)(shi)。于(yu)是高(gao)(gao)(gao)丽北(bei)部傉萨高(gao)(gao)(gao)延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)、南(nan)部傉萨高(gao)(gao)(gao)惠(hui)真引兵(bing)(bing)(bing)及靺鞨(he)众(zhong)(zhong)十五万来援。帝(di)曰(yue):“彼(bi)若(ruo)勒(le)(le)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)连安市(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)壁(bi),据高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan),取(qu)城中(zhong)粟食之(zhi),纵(zong)(zong)靺鞨(he)略(lve)吾牛马(ma)(ma),攻(gong)之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)下,此上(shang)策(ce)(ce)也。拔城夜去,中(zhong)策(ce)(ce)也。与吾争锋,则禽(qin)矣(yi)(yi)。”有大对(dui)(dui)庐为延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)计曰(yue):“吾闻(wen)中(zhong)国乱,豪(hao)雄并(bing)奋(fen),秦王神武,敌无坚,战(zhan)(zhan)无前(qian),遂定天下,南(nan)面而(er)(er)(er)(er)帝(di),北(bei)狄、西(xi)戎罔不(bu)(bu)臣(chen)(chen)。今扫地(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)来,谋臣(chen)(chen)重将(jiang)皆在(zai),其(qi)锋不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)校。今莫若(ruo)顿兵(bing)(bing)(bing)旷(kuang)日,阴(yin)遣(qian)奇兵(bing)(bing)(bing)绝其(qi)饷(xiang)道(dao),不(bu)(bu)旬月(yue)粮(liang)(liang)尽,欲战(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)(bu)得(de),归则无路(lu),乃可(ke)(ke)取(qu)也。”延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)不(bu)(bu)从(cong),引军距安市(shi)(shi)四(si)十里而(er)(er)(er)(er)屯。帝(di)曰(yue):“虏堕(duo)吾策(ce)(ce)中(zhong)矣(yi)(yi)。”命(ming)左卫大将(jiang)军阿史(shi)那社尔以(yi)突厥千骑(qi)尝之(zhi),虏常以(yi)靺鞨(he)锐兵(bing)(bing)(bing)居前(qian),社尔兵(bing)(bing)(bing)接(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)北(bei)。延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)曰(yue):“唐易(yi)与耳。”进(jin)一(yi)舍,倚麓(lu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)阵。帝(di)诏(zhao)延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)曰(yue):“我(wo)以(yi)尔有强臣(chen)(chen)贼杀(sha)其(qi)主,来问罪(zui),即(ji)交(jiao)战(zhan)(zhan),非(fei)我(wo)意。”延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)谓(wei)然,按(an)(an)甲俟。帝(di)夜召诸将(jiang),使(shi)李(li)勣(ji)率(lv)步骑(qi)万五千阵西(xi)岭(ling)当贼,长孙无忌(ji)(ji)、牛进(jin)达(da)精兵(bing)(bing)(bing)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)出虏背狭谷,帝(di)以(yi)骑(qi)四(si)千偃帜(zhi)(zhi)趋虏北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang),令诸军曰(yue):“闻(wen)鼓声而(er)(er)(er)(er)纵(zong)(zong)。”张幄朝堂(tang),曰(yue):“明(ming)日日中(zhong),纳降虏于(yu)此。”是夜,流星堕(duo)延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)营。旦(dan)日,虏视勣(ji)军少,即(ji)战(zhan)(zhan)。帝(di)望无忌(ji)(ji)军尘上(shang),命(ming)鼓角(jiao)作,兵(bing)(bing)(bing)帜(zhi)(zhi)四(si)合,虏惶惑,将(jiang)分兵(bing)(bing)(bing)御之(zhi),众(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)嚣。勣(ji)以(yi)步槊击败之(zhi),无忌(ji)(ji)乘其(qi)后,帝(di)自(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)驰(chi)下,虏大乱,斩首二(er)万级。延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)收馀(yu)(yu)众(zhong)(zhong)负山(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)固,无忌(ji)(ji)、勣(ji)合围之(zhi),彻川梁(liang),断归路(lu)。帝(di)按(an)(an)辔观虏营垒(lei)曰(yue):“高(gao)(gao)(gao)丽倾国来,一(yi)麾而(er)(er)(er)(er)破,天赞我(wo)也。”下马(ma)(ma)再拜,谢(xie)氵(shui)兄于(yu)天。延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)等度势穷(qiong),即(ji)举众(zhong)(zhong)降。入辕门,膝而(er)(er)(er)(er)前(qian),拜手(shou)请(qing)命(ming)。帝(di)曰(yue):“后敢与天子战(zhan)(zhan)乎?”惶汗不(bu)(bu)得(de)对(dui)(dui)。帝(di)料酋长三千五百人(ren)(ren)(ren),悉官(guan)之(zhi),许(xu)内徙,馀(yu)(yu)众(zhong)(zhong)三万纵(zong)(zong)还之(zhi),诛靺鞨(he)三千馀(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),获马(ma)(ma)牛十万,明(ming)光(guang)铠(kai)万领。高(gao)(gao)(gao)丽震骇,后黄、银二(er)城自(zi)拔去,数(shu)百里无舍烟(yan)。乃驿报太(tai)子,并(bing)赐诸臣(chen)(chen)书曰(yue):“朕自(zi)将(jiang)若(ruo)此,云何?”因号(hao)所幸山(shan)(shan)(shan)为驻跸(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan),图破阵状(zhuang),勒(le)(le)石(shi)纪(ji)功。拜延(yan)寿(shou)(shou)(shou)鸿胪卿,惠(hui)真司农卿。候骑(qi)获觇人(ren)(ren)(ren),帝(di)解其(qi)缚,自(zi)言不(bu)(bu)食且三日,命(ming)饲之(zhi),赐以(yi)屩,遣(qian)曰(yue):“归语(yu)莫离支,若(ruo)须(xu)军中(zhong)进(jin)退,可(ke)(ke)遣(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)至吾所。”帝(di)每营不(bu)(bu)作堑(qian)垒(lei),谨斥候而(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)士运(yun)粮(liang)(liang),虽(sui)单骑(qi),虏不(bu)(bu)敢钞。

帝与勣议所攻(gong)(gong),帝曰(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)闻(wen)(wen)安(an)(an)市(shi)地险而众悍,莫离(li)支击(ji)(ji)不(bu)能下(xia)(xia),因与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。建安(an)(an)恃险绝,粟多而士少(shao),若(ruo)出其不(bu)意攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)相救矣。建安(an)(an)得,则(ze)安(an)(an)市(shi)在吾(wu)腹中(zhong)。”勣曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)然。积(ji)粮辽东(dong),而西(xi)(xi)击(ji)(ji)建安(an)(an),贼将梗我(wo)归路,不(bu)如(ru)先(xian)攻(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)市(shi)。”帝曰(yue)(yue):“善。”遂攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未能下(xia)(xia)。延寿、惠(hui)真谋曰(yue)(yue):“乌(wu)骨(gu)城傉萨已耄,朝攻(gong)(gong)而夕可下(xia)(xia)。乌(wu)骨(gu)拔,则(ze)平壤举矣。”群臣亦(yi)以张亮(liang)军在沙城,召之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一昔至(zhi),若(ruo)取乌(wu)骨(gu),度鸭(ya)渌(lu),迫(po)其腹心,计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善者(zhe)。无(wu)忌曰(yue)(yue):“天子行师不(bu)徼幸。安(an)(an)市(shi)众十(shi)万(wan)在吾(wu)后(hou),不(bu)如(ru)先(xian)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)驱(qu)而南,万(wan)全势也。”乃(nai)止。城中(zhong)见帝旌麾(hui),辄(zhe)乘陴(pi)噪,帝怒(nu)。勣请破日(ri)男子尽诛。虏(lu)(lu)闻(wen)(wen),故死战。江夏王道(dao)(dao)宗筑(zhu)距闉攻(gong)(gong)东(dong)南,虏(lu)(lu)增陴(pi)以守(shou)(shou)。勣攻(gong)(gong)其西(xi)(xi),撞车所坏(huai),随(sui)辄(zhe)串栅为(wei)楼。帝闻(wen)(wen)城中(zhong)鸡彘(zhi)(zhi)声,曰(yue)(yue):“围久,突无(wu)黔烟。今鸡彘(zhi)(zhi)鸣,必杀以飨士,虏(lu)(lu)且(qie)夜(ye)出。”诏严兵。丙夜(ye),虏(lu)(lu)数百人缒而下(xia)(xia),悉(xi)禽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。道(dao)(dao)宗以树枚裹土积(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),距闉成,迫(po)城不(bu)数丈(zhang),果毅(yi)都尉傅伏爱守(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自高而排其城,城且(qie)颓,伏爱私去所部(bu),虏(lu)(lu)兵得自颓城出,据而堑断之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),积(ji)火萦(ying)盾固守(shou)(shou)。帝怒(nu),斩伏爱,敕(chi)诸将击(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),三日(ri)不(bu)克。

有诏班师(shi)(shi),拔辽、盖二州之人以(yi)归(gui)。兵过城(cheng)下,城(cheng)中屏息(xi)偃旗,酋(qiu)长(zhang)(zhang)登城(cheng)再拜,帝嘉其守,赐绢(juan)百匹。辽州粟尚(shang)十万(wan)斛,士(shi)取不(bu)能尽。帝至(zhi)渤错水,阻(zu)淖(nao),八十里车(che)骑(qi)不(bu)通(tong)。长(zhang)(zhang)孙(sun)无(wu)忌、杨师(shi)(shi)道(dao)等率万(wan)人斩(zhan)樵筑道(dao),联车(che)为梁,帝负(fu)薪马(ma)上助(zhu)役。十月(yue),兵毕度(du),雪(xue)甚,诏属燎以(yi)待济。始行(xing),士(shi)十万(wan),马(ma)万(wan)匹;逮(dai)还,物(wu)故裁千余,马(ma)死十八。船师(shi)(shi)七万(wan),物(wu)故亦(yi)数(shu)百。诏集战骸葬柳城(cheng),祭(ji)以(yi)太(tai)(tai)牢,帝临哭,从臣(chen)皆流涕(ti)。帝总飞骑(qi)入临渝关(guan),皇(huang)太(tai)(tai)子迎道(dao)左。初,帝与(yu)太(tai)(tai)子别,御(yu)褐袍(pao),曰:“俟见尔(er)乃更(geng)。”袍(pao)历二时弗易,至(zhi)穿穴。群臣(chen)请更(geng)服,帝曰:“士(shi)皆敝衣,吾可(ke)新服邪?”及是,太(tai)(tai)子进洁衣,乃御(yu)。辽降口万(wan)四(si)千,当没为奴婢,前集幽(you)州,将分赏(shang)士(shi)。帝以(yi)父子夫妇离(li)析,诏有司以(yi)布帛赎之,原为民,列拜欢舞,三日不(bu)息(xi)。延寿既降,以(yi)忧死,独惠(hui)真至(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)安。

明年(nian)春,藏遣(qian)使者上方物(wu),且(qie)谢罪;献二姝口,帝敕还(hai)之,谓(wei)使者曰:“色(se)者人所重,然愍其(qi)去亲(qin)戚以伤乃心,我(wo)不取(qu)也(ye)。”初,师还(hai),帝以弓服赐(ci)盖苏文(wen),受之,不遣(qian)使者谢,于是下诏削弃朝(chao)贡。

又明年(nian)三(san)月,诏(zhao)左(zuo)武(wu)卫(wei)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)牛进达为青丘道行(xing)军(jun)大(da)总管,右(you)(you)武(wu)卫(wei)将(jiang)军(jun)李(li)海岸(an)副之,自莱(lai)州度海;李(li)勣为辽东道行(xing)军(jun)大(da)总管,右(you)(you)武(wu)卫(wei)将(jiang)军(jun)孙贰朗、右(you)(you)屯卫(wei)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)郑(zheng)仁泰(tai)副之,率(lv)营州都督兵(bing)(bing),繇新城(cheng)道以进。次南苏(su)、木底(di),虏兵(bing)(bing)战不胜,焚其郛。七月,进达等取石(shi)城(cheng),进攻(gong)积利城(cheng),斩级(ji)数(shu)千,乃皆还。藏(zang)遣子莫离支(zhi)高(gao)任武(wu)来朝,因(yin)谢罪。

二(er)十二(er)年,诏(zhao)(zhao)右武卫(wei)大(da)(da)将(jiang)军薛万彻(che)为(wei)青丘道(dao)行(xing)军大(da)(da)总管(guan),右卫(wei)将(jiang)军裴(pei)行(xing)方副之(zhi),自海道(dao)入(ru)。部(bu)将(jiang)古神感与虏(lu)战(zhan)曷山,虏(lu)溃;虏(lu)乘暝袭我舟(zhou),伏兵(bing)破之(zhi)。万彻(che)度(du)鸭渌,次泊(bo)灼城,拒四(si)十里(li)而舍。虏(lu)惧(ju),皆弃邑居去。大(da)(da)酋所夫孙拒战(zhan),万彻(che)击斩之(zhi),遂围城,破其援兵(bing)三万,乃(nai)还。帝与长孙无忌计曰:“高丽(li)困吾师之(zhi)入(ru),户亡耗(hao),田岁不(bu)收,盖苏(su)文筑城增陴(pi),下饥卧(wo)死沟壑,不(bu)胜敝矣。明年以(yi)三十万众,公为(wei)大(da)(da)总管(guan),一(yi)举(ju)可灭也。”乃(nai)诏(zhao)(zhao)剑(jian)南(nan)大(da)(da)治船,蜀(shu)人愿输财江南(nan),计直(zhi)作舟(zhou),舟(zhou)取缣千二(er)百。巴、蜀(shu)大(da)(da)骚(sao),邛、眉、雅(ya)三州(zhou)獠皆反,发陇西、峡内兵(bing)二(er)万击定(ding)之(zhi)。始,帝决取虏(lu),故诏(zhao)(zhao)陕州(zhou)刺(ci)史孙伏伽、莱州(zhou)刺(ci)史李道(dao)裕储粮械于(yu)三山浦、乌胡(hu)岛,越州(zhou)都督治大(da)(da)艎偶舫以(yi)待(dai)。会(hui)帝崩,乃(nai)皆罢。藏遣使者奉慰。

永徽五(wu)年(nian),藏以(yi)靺鞨兵(bing)(bing)攻(gong)契(qi)丹,战新(xin)城。大(da)风,矢(shi)皆还(hai)激(ji),为(wei)契(qi)丹所乘,大(da)败(bai)。契(qi)丹火野复(fu)战,人死相(xiang)藉,积尸而冢之(zhi)(zhi)。遣(qian)使者告(gao)捷,高(gao)宗(zong)为(wei)露布于朝(chao)。六年(nian),新(xin)罗诉高(gao)丽、靺鞨夺三十(shi)六城,惟天子哀(ai)救。有诏营州都督程名(ming)(ming)振(zhen)、左(zuo)卫中郎将苏(su)定(ding)方率师讨之(zhi)(zhi)。至新(xin)城,败(bai)高(gao)丽兵(bing)(bing),火外(wai)郛及墟(xu)落,引还(hai)。显庆三年(nian),复(fu)遣(qian)名(ming)(ming)振(zhen)率薛仁贵攻(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),未能克。后(hou)二(er)年(nian),天子已平(ping)百(bai)济(ji),乃以(yi)左(zuo)骁(xiao)卫大(da)将军契(qi)苾力何、右武卫大(da)将军苏(su)定(ding)方、左(zuo)骁(xiao)卫将军刘(liu)伯英率诸(zhu)将出浿(pei)江、辽东、平(ping)壤(rang)道讨之(zhi)(zhi)。龙(long)朔(shuo)元年(nian),大(da)募兵(bing)(bing),拜(bai)置(zhi)诸(zhu)将,天子欲自行,蔚州刺(ci)史李君球建言:“高(gao)丽小丑,何至倾中国事之(zhi)(zhi)?有如高(gao)丽既灭,必发(fa)兵(bing)(bing)以(yi)守,少(shao)发(fa)则威(wei)不振(zhen),多发(fa)人不安,是天下疲于转戍(shu)。臣谓征之(zhi)(zhi)未如勿征,灭之(zhi)(zhi)未如勿灭。”亦会武后(hou)苦邀,帝乃止。八月,定(ding)方破虏(lu)兵(bing)(bing)于浿(pei)江,夺马(ma)邑山,遂围平(ping)壤(rang)。明年(nian),庞孝泰以(yi)岭南兵(bing)(bing)壁蛇水(shui),盖苏(su)文(wen)攻(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),举军没(mei);定(ding)方解而归。

乾(qian)封(feng)(feng)元年,藏(zang)遣子男(nan)福从(cong)天子封(feng)(feng)泰(tai)山(shan),还而盖苏文死(si),子男(nan)生代(dai)为(wei)莫离支,有(you)(you)弟男(nan)建(jian)、男(nan)产相怨。男(nan)生据国内城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),遣子献诚入(ru)(ru)朝求救,盖苏文弟净(jing)土(tu)亦请割地降。乃(nai)诏(zhao)契苾何力(li)为(wei)辽(liao)东道(dao)安抚大(da)使,左(zuo)金吾卫将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)庞同善、营(ying)州(zhou)都(dou)督(du)高(gao)偘(kan)为(wei)行(xing)(xing)军(jun)(jun)总(zong)管(guan),左(zuo)武卫将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)薛仁贵(gui)、左(zuo)监门(men)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)李谨行(xing)(xing)殿而行(xing)(xing)。九(jiu)月,同善破(po)高(gao)丽兵,男(nan)生率师(shi)来会(hui)。诏(zhao)拜男(nan)生特进、辽(liao)东大(da)都(dou)督(du)兼(jian)平壤道(dao)安抚大(da)使,封(feng)(feng)玄菟郡公。又以(yi)李勣(ji)(ji)为(wei)辽(liao)东道(dao)行(xing)(xing)军(jun)(jun)大(da)总(zong)管(guan)兼(jian)安抚大(da)使,与契苾何力(li)、庞同善并力(li)。诏(zhao)独孤卿云(yun)由鸭渌(lu)道(dao),郭待封(feng)(feng)积利道(dao),刘仁愿毕列道(dao),金待问海谷道(dao),并为(wei)行(xing)(xing)军(jun)(jun)总(zong)管(guan),受勣(ji)(ji)节度;转(zhuan)燕、赵食廥辽(liao)东。明年正月,勣(ji)(ji)引道(dao)次(ci)新城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),合(he)诸将(jiang)谋曰(yue)(yue):“新城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),贼西(xi)鄙(bi),不先(xian)图(tu),馀(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)未(wei)易下。”遂壁西(xi)南山(shan)临城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)缚戍酋出降。勣(ji)(ji)进拔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)十(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)六。郭待封(feng)(feng)以(yi)舟师(shi)济海,趋平壤。三年二月,勣(ji)(ji)率仁贵(gui)拔扶馀(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),它(ta)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三十(shi)(shi)皆纳款。同善、偘(kan)守新城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),男(nan)建(jian)遣兵袭之(zhi)(zhi),仁贵(gui)救偘(kan),战(zhan)金山(shan),不胜。高(gao)丽鼓而进,锐甚。仁贵(gui)横击,大(da)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi),斩首五万(wan)级,拔南苏、木底、苍岩(yan)三城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),引兵略地,与勣(ji)(ji)会(hui)。侍御史贾言忠计(ji)事(shi)还,帝问军(jun)(jun)中云(yun)何。对曰(yue)(yue):“必克。昔先(xian)帝问罪,所以(yi)不得志者,虏未(wei)有(you)(you)邅也。谚(yan)曰(yue)(yue):‘军(jun)(jun)无媒,中道(dao)回’。今男(nan)生兄弟阋很,为(wei)我乡导,虏之(zhi)(zhi)情伪(wei),我尽知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi),将(jiang)忠士力(li),臣(chen)故曰(yue)(yue)必克。且高(gao)丽祕记曰(yue)(yue):‘不及九(jiu)百年,当有(you)(you)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)大(da)将(jiang)灭之(zhi)(zhi)。’高(gao)氏(shi)自汉有(you)(you)国,今九(jiu)百年,勣(ji)(ji)年八(ba)十(shi)(shi)矣。虏仍荐饥,人(ren)相掠卖,地震裂(lie),狼狐(hu)入(ru)(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),分穴于门(men),人(ren)心危骇,是行(xing)(xing)不再举矣。”

男(nan)(nan)建以兵五(wu)万袭(xi)扶馀,勣(ji)破之萨贺(he)水上,斩首五(wu)千级,俘口三万,器械牛马称之。进拔大行城(cheng)(cheng)。刘仁(ren)愿与勣(ji)会,后(hou)期,召还当(dang)诛,赦流姚州。契苾何(he)力(li)会勣(ji)军(jun)(jun)(jun)于鸭渌,拔辱(ru)夷城(cheng)(cheng),悉师(shi)(shi)围平壤。九(jiu)月,藏(zang)遣(qian)男(nan)(nan)产率首领(ling)百人树素(su)幡降(jiang),且请入朝,勣(ji)以礼见。而(er)男(nan)(nan)建犹固守,出(chu)战数北。大将(jiang)浮屠信诚(cheng)遣(qian)谍约内应。五(wu)日,阖(he)启,兵噪而(er)入,火其门,郁焰(yan)四(si)兴,男(nan)(nan)建窘急,自刺不殊。执藏(zang)、男(nan)(nan)建等,收(shou)凡五(wu)部(bu)百七十六(liu)城(cheng)(cheng),户六(liu)十九(jiu)万。诏勣(ji)便(bian)道献(xian)俘昭陵(ling),凯而(er)还。十二月,帝坐含元殿,引见勣(ji)等,数俘于廷。以藏(zang)素(su)胁制,赦为司平太(tai)常伯,男(nan)(nan)产司宰少卿(qing);投男(nan)(nan)建黔州,百济王扶馀隆岭外;以献(xian)诚(cheng)为司卫(wei)卿(qing),信诚(cheng)为银青光禄大夫(fu),男(nan)(nan)生(sheng)右卫(wei)大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),何(he)力(li)行左卫(wei)大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),勣(ji)兼太(tai)子太(tai)师(shi)(shi),仁(ren)贵(gui)威(wei)卫(wei)大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。剖其地为都督(du)府者九(jiu),州四(si)十二,县百。复置安东都护(hu)府,擢酋豪有功者授(shou)都督(du)、刺史、令,与华官参治。仁(ren)贵(gui)为都护(hu),总兵镇之。是(shi)岁郊祭(ji),以高丽平,谢(xie)成于天(tian)。

总章二年(nian),徙高丽民三万于(yu)江淮、山南。大长钳牟岑(cen)率(lv)众反,立藏外孙(sun)安(an)舜(shun)为主(zhu)。诏(zhao)高偘东(dong)州道,李(li)谨行(xing)(xing)燕(yan)(yan)山道,并为行(xing)(xing)军总管讨之(zhi)(zhi),遣司平(ping)(ping)太常伯杨昉绥纳亡馀。舜(shun)杀钳牟岑(cen)走新罗。偘徙都护府治辽东(dong)州,破叛(pan)兵(bing)于(yu)安(an)市,又败之(zhi)(zhi)泉山,俘新罗援兵(bing)二千。李(li)谨行(xing)(xing)破之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)发庐河,再(zai)战,俘馘万计。于(yu)是平(ping)(ping)壤痍残不能军,相率(lv)奔(ben)新罗,凡四(si)年(nian)乃平(ping)(ping)。始,谨行(xing)(xing)留(liu)妻刘(liu)守伐奴(nu)城,虏攻之(zhi)(zhi),刘(liu)擐甲(jia)勒(le)兵(bing)守,贼引去。帝(di)嘉之(zhi)(zhi),封(feng)燕(yan)(yan)郡(jun)夫人(ren)。

仪凤二年,授藏(zang)(zang)(zang)辽东都督,封(feng)朝鲜(xian)郡(jun)王,还辽东以安馀民,先编侨内州者皆原(yuan)遣,徙安东都护府于新城。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)与靺鞨谋反,未及发,召还放邛州,厮(si)其人(ren)于河南、陇(long)右(you),弱窭者留安东。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)以永淳初(chu)死(si),赠卫尉卿(qing),葬颉利墓(mu)左(zuo),树碑其阡。旧(jiu)城往往入新罗,遗(yi)人(ren)散奔突厥、靺鞨,由(you)是高氏君长皆绝(jue)。垂(chui)拱中(zhong),以藏(zang)(zang)(zang)孙宝元为(wei)朝鲜(xian)郡(jun)王。圣历初(chu),进左(zuo)鹰扬卫大将军,更封(feng)忠诚国王,使(shi)统安东旧(jiu)部,不行(xing)。明(ming)年,以藏(zang)(zang)(zang)子德武(wu)为(wei)安东都督,后稍(shao)自国。至元和末,遣使(shi)者献乐工云。

百济(ji),扶馀别种也。直(zhi)京师东六千里(li)而赢,滨海之阳,西界越州,南倭,北高丽(li),皆逾海乃至,其(qi)东,新罗也。王居(ju)东、西二城(cheng),官有(you)内(nei)臣佐(zuo)平(ping)(ping)者宣纳号令,内(nei)头佐(zuo)平(ping)(ping)主帑(tang)聚,内(nei)法(fa)佐(zuo)平(ping)(ping)主礼,卫士佐(zuo)平(ping)(ping)典卫兵(bing),朝廷佐(zuo)平(ping)(ping)主狱,兵(bing)官佐(zuo)平(ping)(ping)掌外兵(bing)。有(you)六方,方统十郡。大姓有(you)八:沙(sha)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),燕氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),[B125]氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),解氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),贞氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),国氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),木氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),{艹曰}氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)法(fa):反(fan)逆者诛,籍其(qi)家;杀(sha)人(ren)者,输奴婢三(san)赎罪;吏受赇及盗,三(san)倍偿,锢终身。俗(su)与高丽(li)同。有(you)三(san)岛(dao),生黄漆,六月(yue)刺取(qu)沈,色若金(jin)。王服大袖(xiu)紫袍,青锦裤,素皮带,乌革履,乌罗冠(guan)饰(shi)以金(jin)花。群臣绛衣(yi),饰(shi)冠(guan)以银(yin)花。禁民衣(yi)绛紫。有(you)文(wen)籍,纪时月(yue)如华人(ren)。

武(wu)德(de)四(si)年,王(wang)(wang)扶馀(yu)璋始遣(qian)使献果(guo)下马,自(zi)是(shi)数(shu)朝(chao)贡。高(gao)祖(zu)册(ce)为带方郡王(wang)(wang)、百济王(wang)(wang)。后五年,献明光铠,且讼高(gao)丽(li)梗贡道(dao)。太宗贞观初,诏使者平(ping)其怨。又(you)与(yu)新(xin)罗世(shi)仇,数(shu)相侵,帝赐玺书曰(yue):“新(xin)罗,朕蕃(fan)臣,王(wang)(wang)之邻(lin)国。闻数(shu)相侵暴(bao),朕已诏高(gao)丽(li)、新(xin)罗申和,王(wang)(wang)宜忘前怨,识朕本(ben)怀(huai)。”璋奉(feng)表谢,然(ran)兵亦不止(zhi)。再遣(qian)使朝(chao),上(shang)铁甲雕(diao)斧(fu),帝优劳之,赐帛段三千(qian)。十(shi)五年,璋死,使者素服奉(feng)表曰(yue):“君外(wai)臣百济王(wang)(wang)扶馀(yu)璋卒(zu)。”帝为举哀(ai)玄武(wu)门,赠(zeng)光禄大夫(fu),赙赐甚(shen)厚。命祠部郎(lang)中郑文表册(ce)其子义慈为柱(zhu)国,绍王(wang)(wang)。

义慈事亲孝,与兄(xiong)弟友,时号“海(hai)东曾子(zi)”。明年,与高丽(li)连和伐(fa)新(xin)罗,取(qu)四十(shi)馀(yu)城(cheng),发兵守之(zhi)。又谋取(qu)棠项(xiang)城(cheng),绝贡道。新(xin)罗告急,帝(di)遣司农丞相里(li)玄奖赍诏(zhao)(zhao)书(shu)谕解。闻(wen)帝(di)新(xin)讨高丽(li),乃间取(qu)新(xin)罗七城(cheng);久(jiu)之(zhi),又夺十(shi)馀(yu)城(cheng),因不朝贡。高宗立,乃遣使者(zhe)来,帝(di)诏(zhao)(zhao)义慈曰:“海(hai)东三国(guo),开(kai)基旧矣,地固犬牙(ya)。比者(zhe)隙(xi)争侵校无宁岁(sui),新(xin)罗高城(cheng)重镇皆(jie)为王(wang)(wang)并,归穷于(yu)朕(zhen),丐王(wang)(wang)归地。昔齐桓一诸侯,尚存(cun)亡国(guo),况朕(zhen)万方主(zhu),可(ke)不恤其危邪?王(wang)(wang)所(suo)兼城(cheng)宜还之(zhi),新(xin)罗所(suo)俘亦畀还王(wang)(wang)。不如诏(zhao)(zhao)者(zhe),任王(wang)(wang)决战(zhan),朕(zhen)将发契(qi)丹(dan)诸国(guo),度辽深入。王(wang)(wang)可(ke)思之(zhi),无后悔!”

永徽六年,新(xin)罗诉百(bai)(bai)济(ji)、高丽、靺鞨取北境三(san)十(shi)城。显庆五(wu)年,乃诏(zhao)左(zuo)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)大将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)苏定(ding)方(fang)为神丘(qiu)道行军(jun)大总管,率左(zuo)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)刘(liu)(liu)伯英、右武卫(wei)(wei)(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)冯士(shi)(shi)贵、左(zuo)骁卫(wei)(wei)(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)庞(pang)孝(xiao)泰发(fa)新(xin)罗兵讨之(zhi)(zhi),自城山济(ji)海。百(bai)(bai)济(ji)守熊(xiong)津口,定(ding)方(fang)纵击,虏大败。王(wang)师(shi)乘潮帆以进,趋(qu)真都(dou)城一舍止(zhi)。虏悉众(zhong)拒,复破之(zhi)(zhi),斩首万(wan)馀级(ji),拔其城。义(yi)慈(ci)挟太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)隆(long)走北鄙(bi),定(ding)方(fang)围之(zhi)(zhi)。次子(zi)(zi)泰自立为王(wang),率众(zhong)固守,义(yi)慈(ci)孙文思(si)曰:“王(wang)、太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)固在,叔乃自王(wang),若唐兵解去(qu),如我父子(zi)(zi)何?”与左(zuo)右缒而出,民皆(jie)从之(zhi)(zhi),泰不能止(zhi)。定(ding)方(fang)令士(shi)(shi)超堞立帜,泰开门降,定(ding)方(fang)执义(yi)慈(ci)、隆(long)及小王(wang)孝(xiao)演(yan)、酋长五(wu)十(shi)八人送京师(shi),平其国五(wu)部、三(san)十(shi)七(qi)郡、二百(bai)(bai)城,户七(qi)十(shi)六万(wan)。乃析(xi)置熊(xiong)津、马韩、东(dong)明(ming)、金(jin)涟、德安五(wu)都(dou)督府,擢酋渠长治之(zhi)(zhi)。命郎将(jiang)(jiang)刘(liu)(liu)仁愿(yuan)守百(bai)(bai)济(ji)城,左(zuo)卫(wei)(wei)(wei)郎将(jiang)(jiang)王(wang)文度为熊(xiong)津都(dou)督。九(jiu)月,定(ding)方(fang)以所俘见(jian),诏(zhao)释不诛(zhu)。义(yi)慈(ci)病死(si),赠卫(wei)(wei)(wei)尉卿,许旧臣赴(fu)临,诏(zhao)葬孙皓、陈叔宝(bao)墓(mu)左(zuo),授(shou)隆(long)司稼(jia)卿。文度济(ji)海卒(zu),以刘(liu)(liu)仁轨代之(zhi)(zhi)。

璋从子(zi)福信(xin)(xin)(xin)尝将(jiang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),乃与(yu)(yu)(yu)浮屠道琛(chen)据周留城反(fan),迎(ying)故(gu)王(wang)子(zi)扶馀丰(feng)(feng)于倭(wo),立(li)为王(wang)。西部皆应,引兵(bing)(bing)(bing)围仁(ren)(ren)愿(yuan)。龙(long)朔(shuo)元(yuan)年,仁(ren)(ren)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)发(fa)新罗(luo)(luo)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)往救,道琛(chen)立(li)二壁(bi)熊津江(jiang),仁(ren)(ren)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)与(yu)(yu)(yu)新罗(luo)(luo)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)夹击之(zhi),奔入(ru)(ru)壁(bi),争梁堕溺者万人(ren)(ren),新罗(luo)(luo)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)还。道琛(chen)保(bao)任孝城,自称领军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),福信(xin)(xin)(xin)称霜(shuang)岑将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),告仁(ren)(ren)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)曰:“闻唐(tang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)新罗(luo)(luo)约,破百济(ji),无(wu)老孺(ru)皆杀之(zhi);畀(bi)以(yi)国(guo)(guo)。我与(yu)(yu)(yu)受死(si),不(bu)若战。”仁(ren)(ren)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)遣使(shi)赍书答说,道琛(chen)倨(ju)甚,馆使(shi)者于外,嫚(man)报曰:“使(shi)人(ren)(ren)官(guan)小,我,国(guo)(guo)大将(jiang),礼不(bu)当(dang)见。”徒遣之(zhi)。仁(ren)(ren)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)众(zhong)少,乃休军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)养(yang)威,请合(he)新罗(luo)(luo)图之(zhi)。福信(xin)(xin)(xin)俄杀道琛(chen),并其兵(bing)(bing)(bing),丰(feng)(feng)不(bu)能制。二年七(qi)月,仁(ren)(ren)愿(yuan)等破之(zhi)熊津,拔支(zhi)罗(luo)(luo)城,夜薄真(zhen)岘,比明(ming)入(ru)(ru)之(zhi),斩(zhan)首八百级(ji),新罗(luo)(luo)饷道乃开。仁(ren)(ren)愿(yuan)请济(ji)师,诏(zhao)右威卫将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)孙(sun)仁(ren)(ren)师为熊津道行军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)总(zong)管,发(fa)齐(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)七(qi)千往。福信(xin)(xin)(xin)颛国(guo)(guo),谋杀丰(feng)(feng);丰(feng)(feng)率(lv)亲信(xin)(xin)(xin)斩(zhan)福信(xin)(xin)(xin),与(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)丽、倭(wo)连和(he)。仁(ren)(ren)愿(yuan)已得齐(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),士气(qi)振,乃与(yu)(yu)(yu)新罗(luo)(luo)王(wang)金法敏率(lv)步骑,而遣刘仁(ren)(ren)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)率(lv)舟师,自熊津江(jiang)偕进,趋周留城。丰(feng)(feng)众(zhong)屯(tun)白江(jiang)口,四遇(yu)皆克,火四百艘;丰(feng)(feng)走不(bu)知(zhi)所在。伪王(wang)子(zi)扶馀忠胜、忠志率(lv)残众(zhong)及倭(wo)人(ren)(ren)请命,诸(zhu)城皆复。仁(ren)(ren)愿(yuan)勒军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)还,留仁(ren)(ren)轨(gui)(gui)(gui)代守。

帝以扶馀隆(long)(long)为(wei)熊津都(dou)督,俾归国(guo)(guo),平新(xin)罗(luo)故(gu)憾,招还遗(yi)人。麟德(de)二年(nian),与新(xin)罗(luo)王(wang)会熊津城(cheng),刑白马以盟。仁轨为(wei)盟辞(ci)曰:“往百(bai)济先(xian)王(wang),罔顾逆顺(shun),不(bu)敦邻,不(bu)睦亲,与高丽、倭(wo)共侵(qin)削(xue)新(xin)罗(luo),破邑屠城(cheng)。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)怜百(bai)姓无辜,命行人脩好(hao),先(xian)王(wang)负险恃遐,侮慢弗(fu)恭。皇赫斯(si)怒,是伐是夷(yi)。但兴(xing)亡继(ji)绝(jue),王(wang)者通制,故(gu)立前太子(zi)(zi)隆(long)(long)为(wei)熊津都(dou)督,守其祭祀,附杖新(xin)罗(luo),长为(wei)与国(guo)(guo),结(jie)好(hao)除怨,恭天(tian)子(zi)(zi)命,永为(wei)籓服。右(you)威卫将(jiang)军鲁(lu)城(cheng)县(xian)公仁愿,亲临厥盟,有(you)贰其德(de),兴(xing)兵动众,明神监之(zhi),百(bai)殃(yang)是降,子(zi)(zi)孙不(bu)育,社稷(ji)无守,世世毋敢犯(fan)。”乃作金书铁契,藏新(xin)罗(luo)庙(miao)中。

仁愿等(deng)还,隆畏(wei)众携散,亦归京师。仪凤时,进带方郡(jun)王,遣归籓。是时,新罗强,隆不敢入旧国,寄治高(gao)丽死。武后又以(yi)其孙敬袭王,而其地已为新罗、渤海(hai)靺鞨所分,百济遂绝。

新罗(luo),弁韩苗裔也。居(ju)汉乐浪(lang)地(di),横千(qian)(qian)里(li),纵(zong)三(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)里(li),东(dong)拒(ju)长人,东(dong)南日(ri)本,西百济,南濒海,北高(gao)丽(li)。而王(wang)居(ju)金(jin)城(cheng),环八里(li)所,卫兵(bing)三(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)人。谓城(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)侵牟罗(luo),邑(yi)(yi)在内曰喙评,外曰邑(yi)(yi)勒。有喙评六,邑(yi)(yi)勒五十(shi)二。朝服尚(shang)白,好祠(ci)山神。八月(yue)望日(ri),大宴赍官(guan)吏,射。其(qi)(qi)建官(guan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)亲属(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang),其(qi)(qi)族名第(di)(di)一骨(gu)、第(di)(di)二骨(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)自别。兄弟女(nv)、姑、姨、从(cong)姊妹,皆(jie)聘为(wei)(wei)(wei)妻。王(wang)族为(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)一骨(gu),妻亦(yi)其(qi)(qi)族,生子(zi)皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)一骨(gu),不(bu)娶第(di)(di)二骨(gu)女(nv),虽娶,常(chang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)妾媵。官(guan)有宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、侍中、司农卿、太(tai)府令(ling),凡十(shi)有七等,第(di)(di)二骨(gu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)之。事必与众议,号“和白”,一人异则罢。宰(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)家不(bu)绝禄(lu),奴僮三(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)人,甲兵(bing)牛马(ma)(ma)(ma)猪称之。畜牧海中山,须(xu)食乃(nai)射。息谷(gu)米于人,偿不(bu)满(man),庸为(wei)(wei)(wei)奴婢(bi)。王(wang)姓金(jin),贵人姓朴,民无(wu)氏有名。食用柳杯若铜、瓦(wa)。元日(ri)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)庆,是(shi)日(ri)拜日(ri)月(yue)神。男子(zi)褐裤。妇(fu)长襦,见人必跪,则以(yi)(yi)(yi)手据地(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)恭(gong)。不(bu)粉黛,率美(mei)发以(yi)(yi)(yi)缭首(shou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)珠彩饰之。男子(zi)翦发鬻,冒以(yi)(yi)(yi)黑巾。市皆(jie)妇(fu)女(nv)贸贩。冬则作灶堂中,夏以(yi)(yi)(yi)食置冰上(shang)。畜无(wu)羊,少驴、■,多马(ma)(ma)(ma)。马(ma)(ma)(ma)虽高(gao)大,不(bu)善行。

长(zhang)(zhang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe),人(ren)(ren)(ren)类(lei)长(zhang)(zhang)三丈(zhang),锯牙(ya)钩爪,黑毛覆身,不(bu)火(huo)食,噬(shi)禽兽,或(huo)搏人(ren)(ren)(ren)以食;得妇人(ren)(ren)(ren),以治衣服(fu)。其(qi)国连山数(shu)十里(li),有峡,固以铁阖(he),号关门,新罗常屯弩士(shi)数(shu)千守(shou)之。

初,百济伐高丽(li),来请救(jiu),悉兵往破之,自是相攻不置。后获百济王杀之,滋(zi)结怨。武德四年(nian),王真平遣使者入朝(chao),高祖诏通(tong)直散(san)骑侍郎庾文素持(chi)节答(da)赍。后三年(nian),拜柱国(guo),封(feng)乐浪郡王、新(xin)罗王。

贞(zhen)观五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),献女(nv)乐二(er)。太(tai)宗曰:“比林(lin)邑献鹦鹉,言思乡,丐还(hai),况于人乎?”付使者(zhe)归之。是岁(sui),真(zhen)平死(si),无子,立(li)女(nv)善德为王(wang),大(da)臣(chen)乙祭柄国。诏(zhao)赠(zeng)真(zhen)平左(zuo)光(guang)禄大(da)夫(fu),赙物段二(er)百。九年(nian)(nian)(nian),遣使者(zhe)册善德袭父封(feng),国人号圣祖皇(huang)姑。十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian),为高(gao)丽(li)、百济(ji)所攻,使者(zhe)来乞(qi)师,亦(yi)会帝亲伐高(gao)丽(li),诏(zhao)率兵(bing)以(yi)披虏势。善德使兵(bing)五(wu)万入高(gao)丽(li)南鄙,拔(ba)水口城以(yi)闻。二(er)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian),善德死(si),赠(zeng)光(guang)禄大(da)夫(fu),而妹真(zhen)德袭王(wang)。明年(nian)(nian)(nian),遣子文王(wang)及弟伊赞(zan)子春秋来朝,拜文王(wang)左(zuo)武卫将军,春秋特进。因(yin)请(qing)改章服,从中(zhong)国制(zhi),内出珍服赐之。又诣国学观释(shi)奠(dian)、讲论,帝赐所制(zhi)《晋书》。辞归,敕三品以(yi)上郊(jiao)饯。

高宗(zong)永徽元年,攻百济(ji),破之,遣(qian)春(chun)秋子法敏入(ru)朝。真德(de)织锦为颂以献(xian),曰:“巨唐开洪业,巍巍皇(huang)猷昌(chang)。止(zhi)戈成大定,兴文继(ji)百王。统天(tian)崇(chong)雨施,治(zhi)物体含章。深仁谐日月,抚(fu)运(yun)迈时康。幡(fan)旗既赫(he)赫(he),钲(zheng)鼓何锽(huang)锽(huang)。外夷(yi)违命(ming)者,翦覆被天(tian)殃。淳风凝幽显(xian),遐(xia)迩(er)竞(jing)呈祥。四时和玉(yu)烛,七耀巡万方(fang)。维岳降(jiang)宰辅(fu),维帝任忠良。三五成一德(de),昭我唐家唐。”帝美其意,擢(zhuo)法敏太(tai)府(fu)卿。

五年(nian)(nian),真德死(si),帝(di)(di)为举哀,赠开(kai)府仪同三司(si),赐彩段三百(bai),命太常丞张文收持节(jie)吊祭,以春秋袭(xi)王。明年(nian)(nian),百(bai)济(ji)、高丽、靺鞨共伐取其(qi)(qi)三十城。使者来请救,帝(di)(di)命苏定方讨之(zhi),以春秋为隅夷道行(xing)军总管,遂平百(bai)济(ji)。龙朔元(yuan)年(nian)(nian),死(si),法(fa)(fa)敏袭(xi)王。以其(qi)(qi)国为鸡(ji)林州大都督(du)府,授(shou)法(fa)(fa)敏都督(du)。

咸亨五年,纳高丽(li)叛(pan)众,略百(bai)济(ji)地(di)守(shou)之(zhi)。帝怒,诏削官(guan)爵,以其弟右骁卫员外大将(jiang)军(jun)、临(lin)海郡(jun)公仁(ren)问为(wei)新罗王,自京师归国。诏刘(liu)仁(ren)轨(gui)为(wei)鸡林道大总管,卫尉卿李(li)弼、右领军(jun)大将(jiang)军(jun)李(li)谨行(xing)副(fu)之(zhi),发兵穷讨。上元(yuan)二(er)年二(er)月,仁(ren)轨(gui)破(po)其众于七重城,以靺鞨兵浮海略南(nan)境(jing),斩获甚(shen)众。诏李(li)谨行(xing)为(wei)安东镇(zhen)抚大使(shi)(shi),屯买(mai)肖城,三战,虏皆北。法敏遣使(shi)(shi)入朝(chao)谢罪,贡篚相望,仁(ren)问乃还,辞王,诏复法敏官(guan)爵。然多取百(bai)济(ji)地(di),遂抵高丽(li)南(nan)境(jing)矣。置(zhi)尚、良、康、熊(xiong)、全、武(wu)、汉、朔、溟九(jiu)州,州有(you)都督(du),统郡(jun)十(shi)或二(er)十(shi),郡(jun)有(you)大守(shou),县有(you)小(xiao)守(shou)。开耀(yao)元(yuan)年,死,子政明袭(xi)王。遣使(shi)(shi)者朝(chao),丐唐礼及(ji)它(ta)文辞,武(wu)后(hou)赐《吉凶礼》并文词五十(shi)篇。死,子理(li)洪袭(xi)王。死,弟兴光(guang)袭(xi)王。

玄宗开元(yuan)中,数入(ru)朝(chao),献果下马、朝(chao)霞䌷、鱼牙䌷、海(hai)豹(bao)皮。又(you)(you)献二女,帝曰:“女皆王姑姊(zi)妹,违本俗(su),别(bie)所(suo)亲,朕(zhen)不(bu)忍留。”厚赐(ci)还之。又(you)(you)遣(qian)子弟入(ru)太(tai)(tai)学学经(jing)(jing)术。帝间赐(ci)兴(xing)光(guang)瑞文锦、五(wu)色罗、紫(zi)绣纹袍、金(jin)(jin)银精器。兴(xing)光(guang)亦上(shang)异狗(gou)马、黄(huang)金(jin)(jin)、美髢诸物。初(chu),渤海(hai)靺鞨掠登州(zhou),兴(xing)光(guang)击走之,帝进兴(xing)光(guang)宁海(hai)军大使(shi)(shi),使(shi)(shi)攻(gong)靺鞨。二十(shi)五(wu)年死,帝尤悼之,赠太(tai)(tai)子太(tai)(tai)保,命邢(xing)以鸿(hong)胪少卿吊(diao)祭。子承庆袭(xi)王,诏(zhao)曰:“新罗号君子国(guo),知《诗(shi)》、《书(shu)》。以卿惇儒,故持(chi)节往(wang),宜演经(jing)(jing)谊,使(shi)(shi)知大国(guo)之盛。”又(you)(you)以国(guo)人善棋,诏(zhao)率府(fu)兵曹参军杨季鹰为副(fu)。国(guo)高弈皆出(chu)其下,于是厚遗使(shi)(shi)者金(jin)(jin)宝。俄册其妻朴(po)为妃。承庆死,诏(zhao)使(shi)(shi)者临吊(diao),以其弟宪英嗣王。帝在蜀(shu),遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)溯江至成都朝(chao)正月。

大历初,宪英死,子(zi)(zi)乾运立(li),甫丱,遣(qian)(qian)金隐居入朝(chao)待(dai)命。诏仓部郎(lang)中归崇敬往吊(diao)(diao),监察御史陆珽、顾愔为副册(ce)(ce)授(shou)之(zhi),并母金为太妃(fei)。会其(qi)宰(zai)相争权相攻,国大乱,三岁(sui)(sui)乃定(ding)。于是,岁(sui)(sui)朝(chao)献。建(jian)中四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)死,无子(zi)(zi),国人共(gong)立(li)宰(zai)相金良相嗣。贞(zhen)元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),遣(qian)(qian)户部郎(lang)中盖(gai)埙持(chi)节命之(zhi)。是年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)死,立(li)良相从(cong)父弟敬信袭王(wang)。十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),死,无子(zi)(zi),立(li)嫡孙(sun)俊(jun)(jun)(jun)邕(yong)。明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),遣(qian)(qian)司封郎(lang)中韦丹持(chi)册(ce)(ce),未至,俊(jun)(jun)(jun)邕(yong)死,丹还。子(zi)(zi)重兴立(li),永贞(zhen)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),诏兵(bing)部郎(lang)中元(yuan)季方(fang)册(ce)(ce)命。后(hou)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),使者金力(li)奇来谢,且言(yan):“往岁(sui)(sui)册(ce)(ce)故(gu)主俊(jun)(jun)(jun)邕(yong)为主,母申(shen)太妃(fei),妻叔妃(fei),而俊(jun)(jun)(jun)邕(yong)不幸,册(ce)(ce)今留省中,臣请授(shou)以归。”又为其(qi)宰(zai)相金彦升(sheng)、金仲恭、王(wang)之(zhi)弟苏金添明丐门(men)戟(ji),诏皆可(ke)。凡再(zai)朝(chao)贡。七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)死,彦升(sheng)立(li),来告丧,命职方(fang)员外(wai)郎(lang)崔(cui)廷吊(diao)(diao),且命新王(wang),以妻贞(zhen)为妃(fei)。长(zhang)庆、宝(bao)历间,再(zai)遣(qian)(qian)使者来朝(chao),留宿卫。彦升(sheng)死,子(zi)(zi)景(jing)徽立(li)。大和五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),以太子(zi)(zi)左谕德源(yuan)寂(ji)册(ce)(ce)吊(diao)(diao)如(ru)仪。开成(cheng)初,遣(qian)(qian)子(zi)(zi)义琮谢,愿留卫,见(jian)听,明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)遣(qian)(qian)之(zhi)。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),鸿胪寺籍(ji)质(zhi)子(zi)(zi)及(ji)学(xue)生(sheng)岁(sui)(sui)满(man)者一百五人,皆还之(zhi)。

有张保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、郑年(nian)(nian)者,皆(jie)(jie)善斗战,工(gong)用枪。年(nian)(nian)复能没(mei)海(hai),履其(qi)(qi)地五十(shi)里不(bu)噎,角其(qi)(qi)勇健,保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)不(bu)及也。年(nian)(nian)以(yi)兄(xiong)呼保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)以(yi)齿,年(nian)(nian)以(yi)艺,常不(bu)相(xiang)下。自(zi)其(qi)(qi)国(guo)皆(jie)(jie)来为(wei)(wei)武宁(ning)军小将。后(hou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)归(gui)(gui)新(xin)罗(luo),谒(ye)其(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰:“遍中国(guo)以(yi)新(xin)罗(luo)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)奴婢,愿(yuan)得镇(zhen)清(qing)海(hai),使贼不(bu)得掠人(ren)(ren)西去。”清(qing)海(hai),海(hai)路(lu)之(zhi)要(yao)也。王(wang)(wang)(wang)与(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)万人(ren)(ren)守(shou)之(zhi)。自(zi)大和后(hou),海(hai)上无(wu)鬻(yu)新(xin)罗(luo)人(ren)(ren)者。保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)既贵于(yu)其(qi)(qi)国(guo),年(nian)(nian)饥寒客涟水,一(yi)日谓戍主冯元(yuan)(yuan)规曰:“我欲东归(gui)(gui),乞食于(yu)张保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。”元(yuan)(yuan)规曰:“若与(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)所负何如?奈(nai)何取死(si)(si)其(qi)(qi)手?”年(nian)(nian)曰:“饥寒死(si)(si),不(bu)如兵死(si)(si)快,况(kuang)死(si)(si)故(gu)乡邪!”年(nian)(nian)遂去。至,谒(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),饮之(zhi)极欢(huan)。饮未卒,闻大臣杀(sha)其(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang),国(guo)乱(luan)无(wu)主。保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)分兵五千(qian)人(ren)(ren)与(yu)年(nian)(nian),持年(nian)(nian)泣(qi)曰:“非子不(bu)能平祸难(nan)。”年(nian)(nian)至其(qi)(qi)国(guo),诛(zhu)反者,立王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)报(bao)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)遂召保(bao)(bao)(bao)皋(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)为(wei)(wei)相(xiang),以(yi)年(nian)(nian)代守(shou)清(qing)海(hai)。会昌(chang)后(hou),朝贡不(bu)复至。

赞曰(yue):杜牧(mu)称(cheng):“安(an)思顺为(wei)朔方节(jie)度时,郭(guo)汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)、李临(lin)淮俱为(wei)牙门都将,二人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相能(neng)(neng),虽同盘饮食(shi),常(chang)睇相视,不(bu)(bu)(bu)交(jiao)一(yi)言。及汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)代(dai)思顺,临(lin)淮欲亡去(qu),计未决。旬日,诏临(lin)淮分汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)半兵东出赵、魏(wei),临(lin)淮入(ru)请曰(yue):‘一(yi)死固(gu)甘,乞(qi)免妻子。’汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)趋下(xia)(xia),持手上堂,曰(yue):‘今国乱主迁(qian),非公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)东伐,岂怀私忿时邪?’及别,执手泣涕,相勉以(yi)忠义,讫平(ping)剧盗(dao),实(shi)二公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)力。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其心(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)叛,知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其心(xin),难(nan)也;忿必见短(duan),知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其材,益难(nan)也。此(ci)保(bao)皋与汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)贤等耳(er)。年投保(bao)皋必曰(yue):‘彼贵我(wo)贱,我(wo)降下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)以(yi)旧忿杀(sha)(sha)我(wo)。’保(bao)皋果不(bu)(bu)(bu)杀(sha)(sha),人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)情(qing)也。临(lin)淮请死于(yu)汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang),亦人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)情(qing)也。保(bao)皋任年,事出于(yu)己,年且寒饥,易为(wei)感动。汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)、临(lin)淮,平(ping)生亢立,临(lin)淮之(zhi)(zhi)命,出于(yu)天子。榷(que)于(yu)保(bao)皋,汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)为(wei)优。此(ci)乃(nai)圣贤迟疑成败之(zhi)(zhi)际也。世(shi)称(cheng)周、邵(shao)为(wei)百代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)师(shi),周公(gong)(gong)拥孺子而(er)邵(shao)公(gong)(gong)疑之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)周公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)圣,邵(shao)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)贤,少(shao)事文(wen)王,老佐(zuo)武王,能(neng)(neng)平(ping)天下(xia)(xia),周公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),邵(shao)公(gong)(gong)且不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)。苟有仁义之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),不(bu)(bu)(bu)资以(yi)明(ming),虽邵(shao)公(gong)(gong)尚尔,况其下(xia)(xia)哉!”嗟乎,不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)怨毒相槊(shuo),而(er)先国家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)忧,晋有祁奚,唐有汾(fen)(fen)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)、保(bao)皋,孰谓夷无人(ren)哉!

日(ri)本,古(gu)倭(wo)奴也。去京师万四千里,直(zhi)新(xin)罗东南(nan),在海(hai)中(zhong),岛而(er)(er)居(ju),东西五(wu)(wu)月行,南(nan)北(bei)三月行。国无城(cheng)郛(fu),联木(mu)为(wei)(wei)栅落(luo),以草茨屋。左右(you)小岛五(wu)(wu)十(shi)余,皆自名国,而(er)(er)臣(chen)附之(zhi)。置本率一人(ren),检(jian)察诸部(bu)。其(qi)(qi)俗(su)多女(nv)少男,有(you)文(wen)字,尚浮屠法(fa)。其(qi)(qi)官十(shi)有(you)二(er)等(deng)。其(qi)(qi)王姓阿(a)每(mei)氏,自言初主号(hao)(hao)天御中(zhong)主,至彦(yan)潋,凡三十(shi)二(er)世,皆以“尊”为(wei)(wei)号(hao)(hao),居(ju)筑(zhu)紫城(cheng)。彦(yan)潋子神(shen)武立,更(geng)以“天皇(huang)”为(wei)(wei)号(hao)(hao),徙(xi)治大(da)和(he)州。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)曰绥靖(jing),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)安宁,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)懿德,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)孝昭,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)天安,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)孝灵,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)孝元,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)开化(hua)(hua),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)崇(chong)神(shen),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)垂仁(ren),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)景行,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)成务(wu),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)仲(zhong)(zhong)哀(ai)(ai)。仲(zhong)(zhong)哀(ai)(ai)死(si),以开化(hua)(hua)曾孙女(nv)神(shen)功为(wei)(wei)王。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)应神(shen),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)仁(ren)德,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)履中(zhong),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)反正,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)允(yun)恭,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)安康,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)雄略(lve),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)清宁,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)显宗,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)仁(ren)贤,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)武烈,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)继(ji)体(ti),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)安闲,次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)宣化(hua)(hua),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)钦明(ming)(ming)(ming)。钦明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)十(shi)一年(nian),直(zhi)梁(liang)承圣元年(nian)。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)海(hai)达。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)用(yong)明(ming)(ming)(ming),亦(yi)曰目多利(li)思(si)比孤,直(zhi)隋开皇(huang)末(mo),始(shi)与(yu)中(zhong)国通。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)崇(chong)峻。崇(chong)峻死(si),钦明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)孙女(nv)雄古(gu)立。次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)舒明(ming)(ming)(ming),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皇(huang)极。其(qi)(qi)俗(su)椎髻,无冠(guan)(guan)带,跣以行,幅巾蔽后(hou),贵者(zhe)冒锦;妇人(ren)衣纯色裙,长腰(yao)襦(ru),结(jie)发于后(hou)。至炀(yang)帝,赐其(qi)(qi)民锦线冠(guan)(guan),饰以金玉,文(wen)布为(wei)(wei)衣,左右(you)佩银■长八寸,以多少明(ming)(ming)(ming)贵贱。

太宗贞(zhen)观五年(nian),遣(qian)使者入朝。帝矜其(qi)远,诏有司毋拘岁贡(gong)。遣(qian)新(xin)州(zhou)刺史高(gao)仁(ren)表往(wang)谕(yu),与王争礼不平,不肯(ken)宣(xuan)天子命而还(hai)。久之(zhi),更附(fu)新(xin)罗使者上(shang)书。

永徽(hui)初(chu),其王(wang)孝(xiao)德即位,改元(yuan)曰(yue)白雉,献虎魄(po)大如(ru)斗(dou),码(ma)硇若五升器。时(shi)新罗为高(gao)丽、百(bai)济所暴,高(gao)宗赐(ci)玺书,令出(chu)兵援新罗。未(wei)几孝(xiao)德死,其子(zi)天丰财(cai)立(li)(li)。死,子(zi)天智立(li)(li)。明年,使者与虾蛦(yi)人(ren)偕朝。虾蛦(yi)亦居海岛中,其使者须长(zhang)四尺(chi)许,珥箭(jian)于首,令人(ren)戴(dai)瓠立(li)(li)数(shu)十步(bu),射无(wu)不中。天智死,子(zi)天武立(li)(li)。死,子(zi)总持立(li)(li)。咸亨元(yuan)年,遣使贺平(ping)高(gao)丽。后(hou)稍(shao)习夏音,恶倭(wo)名(ming),更号日本。使者自言,国(guo)近日所出(chu),以(yi)为名(ming)。或(huo)云(yun)日本乃小国(guo),为倭(wo)所并,故(gu)冒其号。使者不以(yi)情,故(gu)疑(yi)焉(yan)。又妄夸其国(guo)都方数(shu)千里(li),南、西尽海,东、北限大山,其外即毛人(ren)云(yun)。

长(zhang)安元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian),其王(wang)(wang)文(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)立(li)(li),改元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)曰太宝,遣朝(chao)(chao)臣真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)粟田(tian)(tian)贡(gong)方物(wu)。朝(chao)(chao)臣真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)者,犹唐尚书(shu)也(ye)。冠进德(de)冠,顶有华■四(si)披,紫袍帛带。真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)好(hao)学,能属(shu)文(wen)(wen),进止有容。武(wu)(wu)后(hou)宴之麟(lin)德(de)殿,授司膳卿,还之。文(wen)(wen)武(wu)(wu)死(si)(si),子阿用立(li)(li)。死(si)(si),子圣武(wu)(wu)立(li)(li),改元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)曰白(bai)龟。开元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)初,粟田(tian)(tian)复(fu)(fu)朝(chao)(chao),请从诸儒(ru)受(shou)经。诏四(si)门助教(jiao)赵玄默即鸿(hong)胪寺为(wei)师(shi),献(xian)大幅布为(wei)贽,悉(xi)赏物(wu)贸书(shu)以(yi)归(gui)。其副朝(chao)(chao)臣仲满慕(mu)华不肯去,易姓名(ming)曰朝(chao)(chao)衡,历(li)左补(bu)阙,仪王(wang)(wang)友,多所该(gai)识,久(jiu)乃还。圣武(wu)(wu)死(si)(si),女孝(xiao)(xiao)明(ming)立(li)(li),改元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)曰天(tian)平胜宝。天(tian)宝十(shi)二载,朝(chao)(chao)衡复(fu)(fu)入(ru)朝(chao)(chao)。上元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中,擢左散骑常侍、安南都(dou)护。新罗梗海(hai)道,更(geng)繇明(ming)、越州朝(chao)(chao)贡(gong)。孝(xiao)(xiao)明(ming)死(si)(si),大炊立(li)(li)。死(si)(si),以(yi)圣武(wu)(wu)女高野姬为(wei)王(wang)(wang)。死(si)(si),白(bai)壁立(li)(li)。建中元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian),使者真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)兴能献(xian)方物(wu)。真(zhen)人(ren)(ren),盖因(yin)官而氏者也(ye)。兴能善书(shu),其纸似茧而泽,人(ren)(ren)莫识。贞元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末,其王(wang)(wang)曰桓武(wu)(wu),遣使者朝(chao)(chao)。其学子橘免势(shi)(shi)、浮(fu)屠空海(hai)愿(yuan)留肄业,历(li)二十(shi)余年(nian)。使者高阶真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)来请免势(shi)(shi)等俱还,诏可。次(ci)诺乐立(li)(li),次(ci)嵯(cuo)峨,次(ci)浮(fu)和,次(ci)仁(ren)明(ming)。仁(ren)明(ming)直开成四(si)年(nian),复(fu)(fu)入(ru)贡(gong)。次(ci)文(wen)(wen)德(de),次(ci)清和,次(ci)阳成。次(ci)光孝(xiao)(xiao),直光启元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)。

其东海屿中(zhong)又有邪(xie)古、波邪(xie)、多(duo)尼三小王,北(bei)距新罗,西(xi)北(bei)百(bai)济(ji),西(xi)南(nan)直越(yue)州,有丝絮、怪珍云。

流(liu)鬼去京师(shi)万(wan)五(wu)千里,直黑水靺鞨东北,少海(hai)之北,三面皆(jie)阻海(hai),其北莫知所穷(qiong)。人依屿散居,多沮泽,有鱼盐(yan)之利。地蚤(zao)寒,多霜雪(xue),以(yi)木广六寸、长七尺系其上(shang),以(yi)践冰,逐走兽(shou)。土多狗,以(yi)皮(pi)为(wei)裘(qiu)。俗被发。粟(su)似莠而(er)小,无蔬蓏它谷(gu)。胜兵万(wan)人。南与莫曳靺鞨邻,东南航海(hai)十(shi)五(wu)日行,乃至。贞(zhen)观十(shi)四(si)年,其王遣(qian)子可(ke)也余(yu)莫貂(diao)皮(pi)更(geng)三译来朝。授骑都尉,遣(qian)之。

龙朔初,有儋罗者,其王儒李都罗遣(qian)使入(ru)朝(chao),国居(ju)新罗武州南岛上,俗朴(po)陋,衣大豕皮,夏居(ju)革(ge)屋,冬窟室。地(di)生五谷,耕不知用牛,以铁齿杷土。初附百济(ji)。麟德中,酋长来朝(chao),从帝(di)至太山(shan)。后附新罗。

开(kai)元十一(yi)年,又有达(da)末娄(lou)、达(da)妒(du)二部首领朝贡(gong)。达(da)末娄(lou)自言北(bei)扶馀之裔,高丽灭其国,遗人(ren)度那(nei)河,因居之,或曰他漏河,东(dong)(dong)北(bei)流入黑(hei)水。达(da)姤,室(shi)韦种也,在那(nei)河阴,冻末河之东(dong)(dong),西接黄头室(shi)韦,东(dong)(dong)北(bei)距达(da)末娄(lou)云。

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