周(zhou)书(shu)卷(juan)二十三 列(lie)传第十五 苏(su)绰
苏绰字(zi)令绰,武功(gong)人,魏侍中(zhong)则之(zhi)九(jiu)世孙也。累世二千石。父协(xie),武功(gong)郡守。
绰(chuo)(chuo)少好学,博览(lan)群书,尤(you)善筭术。从兄让为(wei)汾州刺史,太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)饯于(yu)(yu)东都(dou)门外(wai)。临别,谓让曰:“卿(qing)家子弟之(zhi)(zhi)中,谁(shei)可任用者?”让因荐绰(chuo)(chuo)。太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)乃(nai)(nai)召(zhao)为(wei)行(xing)台(tai)(tai)郎中。在官岁余,太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)未深(shen)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)。然诸曹疑事(shi),皆(jie)询于(yu)(yu)绰(chuo)(chuo)而后定(ding)。所行(xing)公文,绰(chuo)(chuo)又(you)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)条式。台(tai)(tai)中咸(xian)称其能(neng)。后太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)与(yu)(yu)仆射周惠达(da)论事(shi),惠达(da)不(bu)能(neng)对(dui),请(qing)出外(wai)议之(zhi)(zhi)。乃(nai)(nai)召(zhao)绰(chuo)(chuo),告以(yi)其事(shi),绰(chuo)(chuo)即为(wei)量定(ding)。惠达(da)入(ru)呈,太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)称善,谓惠达(da)曰:“谁(shei)与(yu)(yu)卿(qing)为(wei)此议者?”惠达(da)以(yi)绰(chuo)(chuo)对(dui),因称其有王佐之(zhi)(zhi)才。太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)曰:“吾亦闻之(zhi)(zhi)久矣(yi)。”寻除著作(zuo)佐郎。属太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)与(yu)(yu)公卿(qing)往昆明池观渔,行(xing)至城(cheng)西汉故(gu)仓地(di)(di),顾问左右,莫有知(zhi)者。或曰:“苏(su)绰(chuo)(chuo)博物多通,请(qing)问之(zhi)(zhi)。”太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)乃(nai)(nai)召(zhao)绰(chuo)(chuo)。具以(yi)状(zhuang)对(dui)。太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)大悦(yue),因问天地(di)(di)造化之(zhi)(zhi)始(shi),历代兴亡之(zhi)(zhi)迹。绰(chuo)(chuo)既有口辩,应对(dui)如(ru)流。太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)益喜。乃(nai)(nai)与(yu)(yu)绰(chuo)(chuo)并马徐行(xing)至池,竟(jing)不(bu)设网罟而还。遂留绰(chuo)(chuo)至夜,问以(yi)治道(dao),太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)卧而听之(zhi)(zhi)。绰(chuo)(chuo)于(yu)(yu)是(shi)指陈帝王之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),兼述(shu)申韩之(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)。太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)乃(nai)(nai)起,整(zheng)衣(yi)危(wei)坐,不(bu)觉膝(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)席。语遂达(da)曙不(bu)厌。诘(jie)朝(chao),谓周惠达(da)曰:“苏(su)绰(chuo)(chuo)真奇士也(ye), 吾方任之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)政。”即拜大行(xing)台(tai)(tai)左丞,参典机密。自是(shi)宠(chong)遇日隆。绰(chuo)(chuo)始(shi)制文案(an)程(cheng)序(xu),朱(zhu)出墨入(ru),及计帐、户(hu)籍之(zhi)(zhi)法。
大(da)(da)统(tong)三年,齐神武(wu)三道入寇,诸(zhu)将咸欲分兵御之,独绰(chuo)意(yi)与太祖(zu)同。遂并力拒窦泰(tai),擒(qin)之于潼关。四年,加(jia)卫将军(jun)、右光禄大(da)(da)夫,封(feng)美(mei)阳县子,邑(yi)三百户(hu)。加(jia)通直(zhi)散骑常侍,进爵为伯,增邑(yi)二百户(hu)。十(shi)年,授大(da)(da)行台度(du)支(zhi)尚书,领著作,兼司农卿。
太祖方欲革易时政,务弘强(qiang)国富民之(zhi)道,故绰得尽其智能,赞(zan)成其事(shi)。减(jian)官员,置二(er)长(zhang),并置屯(tun)田以资军国。又为六条诏(zhao)书(shu),奏施行(xing)之(zhi)。其一,先治(zhi)心,曰(yue):
凡(fan)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)伯守令,皆受命天(tian)朝,出临下国(guo),论其(qi)(qi)尊贵,并(bing)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸侯(hou)也(ye)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)前世帝王,每称共治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)下者(zhe),唯良宰守耳。明(ming)知(zhi)百(bai)僚卿尹,虽(sui)各有所司,然(ran)其(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本,莫(mo)若(ruo)宰守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)重 也(ye)。凡(fan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体,先当治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。心(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe),一(yi)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,百(bai)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。心(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)净,则(ze)(ze)思虑妄生。思虑妄生,则(ze)(ze)见理不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)。见理不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming),则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)非谬乱。是(shi)(shi)非谬乱,则(ze)(ze)一(yi)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)能自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安能治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)也(ye)!是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要,在清(qing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)而已。夫(fu)所谓清(qing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe),非不(bu)(bu)(bu)贪货(huo)财之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye),乃欲使心(xin)(xin)(xin)气清(qing)和,志意端静(jing)。心(xin)(xin)(xin)和志静(jing),则(ze)(ze)邪僻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虑,无因(yin)而作。邪僻不(bu)(bu)(bu)作,则(ze)(ze)凡(fan)所思念,无不(bu)(bu)(bu)皆得至公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。率至公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理以(yi)(yi)临其(qi)(qi)民(min),则(ze)(ze)彼下民(min)孰不(bu)(bu)(bu)从化(hua)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)称治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本,先在治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。
其(qi)次又在治身。凡(fan)人(ren)君(jun)之(zhi)身者(zhe),乃百(bai)姓之(zhi)表(biao),一国(guo)之(zhi)的也(ye)。表(biao)不正,不可求(qiu)直影;的不明(ming),不可责射(she)(she)中(zhong)。今君(jun)身不能自治, 而(er)望治百(bai)姓,是犹曲表(biao)而(er)求(qiu)直影也(ye);君(jun)行(xing)不能自修(xiu),而(er)欲(yu)百(bai)姓修(xiu)行(xing)者(zhe),是犹无(wu)的而(er)责射(she)(she)中(zhong)也(ye)。故(gu)为人(ren)君(jun)者(zhe),必心如清水,形如白玉。躬行(xing)仁义,躬行(xing)孝悌,躬行(xing)忠信(xin),躬行(xing)礼让(rang),躬行(xing)廉(lian)平,躬行(xing)俭约,然后继之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)无(wu)倦,加(jia)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)察。行(xing)此八者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)训其(qi)民。是以(yi)(yi)其(qi)人(ren)畏而(er)爱之(zhi),则而(er)象之(zhi),不待家教日见而(er)自兴 行(xing)矣。 其(qi)二,敦教化,曰:
天(tian)地之性,唯人为贵。明其有中和之心,仁恕之行,异于木(mu)石,不同禽兽,故(gu)贵之耳。然性无常守,随化而迁。化于敦(dun)朴者,则(ze)(ze)(ze)质(zhi)直(zhi)(zhi);化于浇伪者,则(ze)(ze)(ze)浮薄(bo)。浮薄(bo)者,则(ze)(ze)(ze)衰弊之风;质(zhi)直(zhi)(zhi)者,则(ze)(ze)(ze)淳和之俗。衰弊则(ze)(ze)(ze)祸乱交兴,淳和则(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)下自治(zhi)。治(zhi) 乱兴亡,无不皆由所化也(ye)。
然(ran)(ran)世道雕丧,已数百年(nian)。大(da)乱滋(zi)甚,且二(er)十岁。民(min)不(bu)(bu)见德(de),唯兵(bing)革(ge)是(shi)闻;上无(wu)教(jiao)化(hua)(hua),惟刑罚是(shi)用(yong)。而(er)中兴(xing)始尔(er),大(da)难未平(ping),加之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)师(shi)旅,因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)饥馑(jin),凡(fan)百草创(chuang),率多(duo)权宜(yi)。致使礼让弗兴(xing),风俗未改。比年(nian)稍登稔,徭赋(fu)差轻,衣食(shi)不(bu)(bu)切,则教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)可修矣(yi)。凡(fan)诸(zhu)牧守令(ling)长(zhang),宜(yi)洗心革(ge)意,上承(cheng)朝旨(zhi),下宣教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)矣(yi)。夫(fu)化(hua)(hua)者,贵(gui)能扇之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)淳风,浸之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)和,被(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道德(de),示之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朴(po)素。使百姓亹亹,中迁于善,邪伪之(zhi)(zhi)心,嗜欲之(zhi)(zhi)性,潜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)消化(hua)(hua),而(er)不(bu)(bu)知其所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)(ran),此之(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)化(hua)(hua)也。然(ran)(ran)后教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孝悌(ti),使 民(min)慈爱;教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仁顺,使民(min)和睦(mu);教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼义,使民(min)敬让。慈爱则不(bu)(bu)遗其亲(qin),和睦(mu)则无(wu)怨(yuan)于人(ren),敬让则不(bu)(bu)竞(jing)于物。三者既备,则王道成矣(yi)。此之(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)教(jiao)也。先王之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)移风易(yi)俗,还淳反素,垂拱而(er)治天下以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至太(tai)平(ping)者,莫不(bu)(bu)由此。此之(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)要道也。
其三,尽地利,曰:
人生天地(di)之(zhi)间,以(yi)衣(yi)食为命(ming)。食不(bu)(bu)足(zu)则(ze)饥(ji),衣(yi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)则(ze)寒。饥(ji)寒切体,而欲使民兴行礼让者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)犹逆阪(ban)走丸(wan),势不(bu)(bu)可得也(ye)(ye)。是以(yi)古之(zhi)圣王,知其(qi)(qi)(qi)若此(ci),故先足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)衣(yi)食,然后教化随之(zhi)。夫衣(yi)食所(suo)以(yi)足(zu)者(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)于(yu)地(di)利尽(jin)(jin)。地(di)利所(suo)以(yi)尽(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe),由于(yu)劝课有(you)方。主此(ci)教者(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)乎牧守(shou)(shou)令(ling)长(zhang)而已。民者(zhe)(zhe)冥也(ye)(ye),智(zhi)不(bu)(bu)自周,必待劝 教,然后尽(jin)(jin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)力(li)。诸州郡县,每至岁首,必戒敕部民,无(wu)问少(shao)长(zhang),但能(neng)操(cao)持农器者(zhe)(zhe),皆令(ling)就田,垦发以(yi)时(shi),勿失其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)。及布 种既讫,嘉苗须理,麦秋(qiu)在(zai)野(ye),蚕停(ting)于(yu)室(shi),若此(ci)之(zhi)时(shi),皆宜少(shao)长(zhang)悉力(li),男(nan)女(nv)并(bing)功(gong),若援溺、救(jiu)火(huo)、寇盗之(zhi)将至,然后可使农夫不(bu)(bu)废其(qi)(qi)(qi)业,蚕妇得就其(qi)(qi)(qi)功(gong)。若有(you)游手怠(dai)惰,早归晚(wan)出,好逸恶劳(lao),不(bu)(bu)勤事业者(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)正长(zhang)牒(die)名郡县,守(shou)(shou)令(ling)随事加罚(fa),罪一(yi)劝百。此(ci)则(ze)明宰之(zhi)教也(ye)(ye)。
夫百亩之(zhi)田,必春(chun)耕之(zhi),夏种(zhong)之(zhi),秋收之(zhi),然(ran)后(hou)冬食之(zhi)。此三(san)(san)时者,农(nong)之(zhi)要也。若失其(qi)一时,则谷不(bu)可得而(er)食。故(gu)先王(wang)之(zhi)戒曰:“一夫不(bu)耕,天下(xia)(xia)必有受其(qi)饥者;一妇(fu)不(bu)织,天下(xia)(xia)必 有受其(qi)寒者。”若此三(san)(san)时不(bu)务省(sheng)事(shi),而(er)令(ling)民(min)(min)废(fei)农(nong)者,是则绝民(min)(min)之(zhi)命(ming),驱(qu)以就死然(ran)。单劣之(zhi)户,及无牛之(zhi)家,劝令(ling)有无相通,使(shi)得兼济。三(san)(san)农(nong)之(zhi)隙,及阴(yin)雨(yu)之(zhi)暇(xia),又当(dang)教民(min)(min)种(zhong)桑、植果,艺其(qi)菜蔬,修其(qi)园圃(pu),畜(chu)育鸡(ji)豚,以备生生之(zhi)资,以供(gong)养(yang)老之(zhi)具。夫为政(zheng)不(bu)欲过碎,碎则民(min)(min)烦;劝课(ke)亦不(bu)容太简,简则民(min)(min)怠。善(shan)为政(zheng)者,必消息(xi)时宜而(er)适烦简之(zhi)中。故(gu)诗曰:“不(bu)刚(gang)不(bu)柔,布政(zheng)优(you)优(you),百禄是求。”如(ru)不(bu)能尔,则必陷于刑辟(pi)矣(yi)。
其四,擢贤良,曰:
天生蒸民,不(bu)能(neng)自治(zhi)(zhi),故必立君(jun)以治(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)。人君(jun)不(bu)能(neng)独治(zhi)(zhi),故必置臣(chen)以佐之(zhi)。上至帝(di)王,下及郡(jun)国(guo),置臣(chen)得贤则(ze)治(zhi)(zhi),失(shi)贤则(ze)乱(luan),此乃自然之(zhi)理,百王不(bu)能(neng)易也。
今(jin)(jin)刺史守(shou)令,悉有僚(liao)吏(li)(li),皆佐治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)。刺史府官(guan)则(ze)命于天朝,其州(zhou)吏(li)(li)以(yi)下,并牧(mu)守(shou)自(zi)置。自(zi)昔以(yi)来,州(zhou)郡(jun)大吏(li)(li),但(dan)取门资(zi),多不(bu)择贤良(liang);末曹小吏(li)(li),唯试刀(dao)笔,并不(bu)问志(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。夫门资(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),乃(nai)(nai)先世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爵禄,无(wu)妨子孙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愚(yu)瞽;刀(dao)笔者(zhe)(zhe),乃(nai)(nai)身外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末材,不(bu)废性(xing)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)浇伪(wei)。若(ruo)(ruo)门资(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)(er)得(de)(de)(de)贤良(liang),是则(ze)策骐骥而(er)(er)取千里也(ye);若(ruo)(ruo)门资(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)(er)得(de)(de)(de)愚(yu)瞽,是则(ze)土牛木(mu)马,形似而(er)(er)用(yong)非,不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)涉(she)道(dao)也(ye)。若(ruo)(ruo)刀(dao)笔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)(er)得(de)(de)(de)志(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),是则(ze)金相玉质,内外(wai)俱美,实(shi)为人(ren)宝也(ye);若(ruo)(ruo)刀(dao)笔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)(er)得(de)(de)(de)浇伪(wei),是则(ze)饰画朽木(mu),悦目 一时,不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)充榱(cui)椽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)也(ye)。今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)选举者(zhe)(zhe),当不(bu)限资(zi)荫,唯在(zai)得(de)(de)(de)人(ren)。苟得(de)(de)(de)其人(ren),自(zi)可(ke)起(qi)冢(zhong)养而(er)(er)为卿相,伊尹(yin)、傅说(shuo)是也(ye),而(er)(er)况(kuang)州(zhou)郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职乎。苟非其人(ren),则(ze)丹朱、商均(jun)虽帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胤,不(bu)能守(shou)百里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封,而(er)(er)况(kuang)于公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冑乎。由此而(er)(er)言,观(guan)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)可(ke)见矣。
凡所(suo)求材(cai)艺者(zhe),为(wei)其(qi)可(ke)以治民。若有(you)材(cai)艺而以正直为(wei)本者(zhe),必以其(qi)材(cai)而为(wei)治也;若有(you)材(cai)艺而以奸伪为(wei)本者(zhe),将(jiang)(jiang)由其(qi)官而为(wei)乱也,何治之(zhi)可(ke)得乎。是故(gu)将(jiang)(jiang)求材(cai)艺,必先择志行(xing)。其(qi)志行(xing)善(shan)者(zhe),则举(ju)之(zhi);其(qi)志行(xing)不善(shan)者(zhe),则去(qu)之(zhi)。
而(er)今(jin)择(ze)人者(zhe)多云“邦国无(wu)(wu)(wu)贤(xian),莫知所举”。此乃未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思也(ye), 非(fei)适(shi)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论。所以然者(zhe),古(gu)人有(you)(you)言(yan):明主聿兴(xing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)降佐于昊天;大人基命(ming),不(bu)(bu)(bu)擢(zhuo)才于后土(tu)。常引一(yi)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,治一(yi)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)务。故(gu)殷、周不(bu)(bu)(bu)待稷、契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,魏、晋无(wu)(wu)(wu)假萧(xiao)、曹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐。仲尼曰:“十(shi)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑,必有(you)(you)忠信如丘者(zhe)焉(yan)。”岂有(you)(you)万家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都,而(er)云无(wu)(wu)(wu)士,但(dan)求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)勤,择(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)审,或用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得其所,任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)尽(jin)其材,故(gu)云无(wu)(wu)(wu)耳。古(gu)人云:“千人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀曰英,万人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)英曰隽(juan)。”今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智效一(yi)官,行闻一(yi)邦者(zhe),岂非(fei)近英隽(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士也(ye)。但(dan)能(neng)勤而(er)审察(cha),去虚(xu)取(qu)实,各得州郡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最而(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)民无(wu)(wu)(wu)多少,皆足治矣。孰云无(wu)(wu)(wu)贤(xian)!
夫良玉未剖(pou),与瓦(wa)石(shi)相类;名骥(ji)未驰,与驽(nu)马相杂(za)。及(ji)其 剖(pou)而(er)(er)莹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),驰而(er)(er)试之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),玉石(shi)驽(nu)骥(ji),然(ran)(ran)后始分。彼(bi)贤(xian)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未用(yong)(yong)也(ye),混于(yu)凡(fan)品,竟何以(yi)(yi)异。要任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)事业,责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)成务(wu),方(fang)与彼(bi)庸流较然(ran)(ran)不(bu)同。昔吕望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屠钓,百里(li)奚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饭(fan)牛,宁生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扣(kou)角,管(guan)夷(yi)吾(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三败,当此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,悠悠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,岂谓其贤(xian)。及(ji)升(sheng)王(wang)朝,登霸国,积数十(shi)年,功成事立,始识其奇士(shi)也(ye)。于(yu)是(shi)后世(shi)称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)容于(yu)口。彼(bi)瑰伟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材,不(bu)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杰,尚不(bu)能以(yi)(yi)未遇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,自(zi)异于(yu)凡(fan)品,况降(jiang)此者哉。若(ruo)必待太(tai)公而(er)(er)后用(yong)(yong),是(shi)千载无太(tai)公;必待夷(yi)吾(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)后任(ren),是(shi)百世(shi)无夷(yi)吾(wu)(wu)。所以(yi)(yi)然(ran)(ran)者,士(shi)必从微而(er)(er)至着(zhe),功必积小以(yi)(yi)至大,岂有未任(ren)而(er)(er)已(yi)成,不(bu)用(yong)(yong)而(er)(er)先(xian)达也(ye)。若(ruo)识此理, 则贤(xian)可(ke)求,士(shi)可(ke)择。得(de)贤(xian)而(er)(er)任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得(de)士(shi)而(er)(er)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi),何向而(er)(er)不(bu)可(ke)成也(ye)。
然善(shan)官(guan)(guan)人(ren)者必(bi)(bi)先省其(qi)官(guan)(guan)。官(guan)(guan)省,则(ze)(ze)(ze)善(shan)人(ren)易(yi)充,善(shan)人(ren)易(yi)充,则(ze)(ze)(ze)事(shi)(shi)无(wu)不理(li);官(guan)(guan)烦(fan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)必(bi)(bi)杂不善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),杂不善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),则(ze)(ze)(ze)政必(bi)(bi)有(you)得(de)失。故语曰:“官(guan)(guan)省则(ze)(ze)(ze)事(shi)(shi)省,事(shi)(shi)省则(ze)(ze)(ze)民清;官(guan)(guan)烦(fan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)事(shi)(shi)烦(fan),事(shi)(shi)烦(fan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)民浊(zhuo)。”清浊(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)由,在于官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)烦(fan)省。案今吏员(yuan),其(qi)数不少(shao)。昔民殷事(shi)(shi)广,尚能克济(ji),况今户口减耗,依员(yuan)而置,犹(you)以为(wei)少(shao)。如(ru)闻在下州郡,尚有(you)兼假,扰乱细民,甚为(wei)无(wu)理(li)。诸(zhu)如(ru)此辈(bei),悉宜罢黜,无(wu)得(de)习常。非直州郡之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan),宜须善(shan)人(ren),爰至党族闾里正(zheng)长之(zhi)(zhi)职,皆当审择,各得(de)一乡之(zhi)(zhi)选,以相(xiang)监统。夫正(zheng)长者,治民之(zhi)(zhi)基。基不倾者,上必(bi)(bi)安(an)。
凡求贤之路,自(zi)非一途(tu)。然所以得之审者,必由任而试(shi)之,考而察之。
起于(yu)(yu)居家(jia),至于(yu)(yu)乡党,访(fang)其所以,观其所由,则人道(dao)明矣,贤与不肖别矣。率此以求(qiu),则庶无(wu)愆悔矣。
其(qi)五,恤狱讼,曰:
人(ren)(ren)(ren)受阴阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气以(yi)生(sheng),有(you)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)性(xing)。性(xing)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)善(shan)(shan),情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)恶。善(shan)(shan)恶既(ji)分,而(er)赏罚(fa)随焉。赏罚(fa)得(de)中,则(ze)(ze)恶止(zhi)而(er)善(shan)(shan)劝;赏罚(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)中,则(ze)(ze)民(min)无(wu)(wu)所措(cuo)手足(zu)。民(min)无(wu)(wu)所措(cuo)手足(zu),则(ze)(ze)怨(yuan)叛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)。是以(yi)先王(wang)重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),特加戒慎(shen)。夫(fu)戒慎(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲使(shi)治(zhi)狱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),精(jing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)悉意,推(tui)究事源。先之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)五听(ting),参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)证验(yan),妙睹情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)状,穷鉴隐伏,使(shi)奸无(wu)(wu)所容,罪(zui)(zui)(zui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必(bi)(bi)(bi)得(de)。然(ran)(ran)后(hou)随事加刑(xing),轻(qing)重(zhong)皆(jie)(jie)当,赦(she)过矜愚,得(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)勿(wu)喜。又能消息情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li),斟酌礼(li)律,无(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)曲(qu)尽人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)(xin),远明大教,使(shi)获(huo)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)归。此(ci)则(ze)(ze)善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)也(ye)。然(ran)(ran)宰守(shou)(shou)非一,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)人(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)通识,推(tui)理(li)求(qiu)(qiu)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),时或难尽。唯当率(lv)至公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin),去阿枉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,务求(qiu)(qiu)曲(qu)直,念(nian)(nian)尽平当。听(ting)察(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),必(bi)(bi)(bi)穷所见,然(ran)(ran)后(hou)栲(kao)讯以(yi)法,不(bu)(bu)(bu)苛不(bu)(bu)(bu)暴(bao),有(you)疑则(ze)(ze)从(cong)轻(qing),未审不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄罚(fa),随事断理(li),狱无(wu)(wu)停(ting)滞(zhi)。此(ci) 亦其(qi)次。若乃不(bu)(bu)(bu)仁恕而(er)肆其(qi)残暴(bao),同民(min)木石,专(zhuan)任(ren)捶楚。巧诈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)虽事彰(zhang)而(er)获(huo)免,辞弱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃无(wu)(wu)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)而(er)被罚(fa)。有(you)如(ru)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),斯则(ze)(ze)下(xia)矣(yi),非共治(zhi)所寄。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宰守(shou)(shou),当勤(qin)于中科,而(er)慕其(qi)上(shang)善(shan)(shan)。如(ru)在下(xia)条, 则(ze)(ze)刑(xing)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)赦(she)。又当深思远大,念(nian)(nian)存(cun)(cun)德教。先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)曰,与(yu)(yu)杀(sha)无(wu)(wu)辜,宁(ning)(ning)(ning)赦(she)有(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui);与(yu)(yu)其(qi)害善(shan)(shan),宁(ning)(ning)(ning)其(qi)利淫(yin)。明必(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)中,宁(ning)(ning)(ning)滥舍(she)有(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)谬(miu)害善(shan)(shan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)政(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)。深文巧劾,宁(ning)(ning)(ning)致(zhi)善(shan)(shan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)于法,不(bu)(bu)(bu)免有(you)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)于刑(xing)。所以(yi)然(ran)(ran)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)非好杀(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye),但云(yun)为(wei)吏宁(ning)(ning)(ning)酷,可(ke)免后(hou)患。此(ci)则(ze)(ze)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)存(cun)(cun)自(zi)(zi)便,不(bu)(bu)(bu)念(nian)(nian)至公,奉(feng)法如(ru)此(ci),皆(jie)(jie)奸人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵物,一死不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)复生(sheng)。然(ran)(ran)楚毒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),以(yi)痛自(zi)(zi)诬,不(bu)(bu)(bu)被申理(li),遂陷刑(xing)戮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),将恐往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)而(er)有(you)。是以(yi)自(zi)(zi)古以(yi)来,设五听(ting)三宥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,着(zhe)明慎(shen)庶狱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典,此(ci)皆(jie)(jie)爱民(min)甚也(ye)。凡(fan)伐(fa)木杀(sha)草,田猎不(bu)(bu)(bu)顺,尚违时令,而(er)亏(kui)帝道(dao);况刑(xing)罚(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)中,滥害善(shan)(shan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),宁(ning)(ning)(ning)不(bu)(bu)(bu)伤天心(xin)(xin)(xin)、犯和(he)气也(ye)!天心(xin)(xin)(xin)伤,和(he)气损,而(er)欲阴阳调适(shi),四时顺序,万(wan)物阜安,苍生(sheng)悦乐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)也(ye)。故(gu)语曰,一夫(fu)吁嗟,王(wang)道(dao)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倾覆,正谓此(ci)也(ye)。凡(fan)百(bai)宰守(shou)(shou),可(ke)无(wu)(wu)慎(shen)乎。
若有深奸巨猾,伤(shang)化(hua)败俗,悖乱人(ren)伦,不忠不孝,故为背(bei)道(dao)者(zhe),杀(sha)一利百,以清王化(hua),重刑(xing)(xing)可也。识(shi)此二途,则(ze)刑(xing)(xing)政尽矣。
其六,均赋役,曰(yue):
圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之大(da)宝曰位(wei)。何以(yi)(yi)守位(wei)曰仁,何以(yi)(yi)聚(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰财(cai)。明先(xian)王必以(yi)(yi)财(cai)聚(ju)人(ren)(ren)(ren),以(yi)(yi)仁守位(wei)。国(guo)而(er)(er)无财(cai),位(wei)不可(ke)守。是故(五)三(san)以(yi)(yi)来,皆有征(zheng)税(shui)之法。虽(sui)(sui)轻重不同,而(er)(er)济(ji)用(yong)一(yi)也。今逆(ni)寇未(wei)平(ping),军用(yong)资广,虽(sui)(sui)未(wei)遑(huang)减省(sheng),以(yi)(yi)恤民(min)瘼,然(ran)令平(ping)均,使下无匮。夫 平(ping)均者,不舍(she)豪强而(er)(er)征(zheng)贫弱,不纵奸巧而(er)(er)困愚拙(zhuo),此之谓均也。故圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)曰:“盖均无贫。”
然财货之(zhi)生,其(qi)功不易。织纴(ren)纺绩(ji),起于有渐,非(fei)旬日之(zhi)间(jian),所可造次。必(bi)须劝课,使预(yu)营理(li)。绢乡先(xian)(xian)事织纴(ren),麻(ma)土早 修(xiu)纺绩(ji)。先(xian)(xian)时(shi)而(er)备(bei),至时(shi)而(er)输,故王(wang)赋获供,下民(min)无(wu)困。如其(qi)不预(yu)劝戒(jie),临(lin)时(shi)迫切,复恐稽缓(huan),以(yi)为己(ji)过,捶扑交至,取办(ban)目前。富(fu)商大贾,缘兹射利,有者(zhe)从之(zhi)贵买,无(wu)者(zhe)与之(zhi)举息。输税之(zhi)民(min),于是(shi)弊矣。
租税之(zhi)时,虽有大式,至(zhi)于斟(zhen)酌(zhuo)贫富,差次(ci)先后,皆(jie)事起于正长,而系之(zhi)于守(shou)令(ling)。若(ruo)斟(zhen)酌(zhuo)得所,则(ze)政和而民(min)悦;若(ruo)检理 无方,则(ze)吏奸而民(min)怨。又(you)差发徭役,多不存(cun)意。致令(ling)贫弱者或(huo)重徭而远戍(shu),富强者或(huo)轻使而近防。守(shou)令(ling)用怀(huai)如(ru)此,不存(cun)恤民(min)之(zhi)心(xin),皆(jie)王政之(zhi)罪人也。
太祖甚(shen)重之,常置诸(zhu)座右。又(you)令百司习诵之。其牧守令长,非(fei)通六条(tiao)及计帐者,不得居官(guan)。
自(zi)有晋之(zhi)季,文章竞为浮(fu)华,遂成风俗(su)。太祖欲革(ge)其弊,
因(yin)魏帝祭庙,群(qun)臣毕至(zhi),乃(nai)命绰为大(da)诰,奏(zou)行之。其词(ci)曰:
惟中兴十有一年,仲夏,庶邦百(bai)辟(pi),咸会于王庭(ting)。柱国泰洎群公列将,罔不来朝。时乃大稽百(bai)宪(xian),敷于庶邦,用绥我王度。皇帝(di)曰(yue):“昔(xi)尧命(ming)羲(xi)和(he),允厘(li)百(bai)工。舜命(ming)九官(guan),庶绩(ji)咸熙。武丁命(ming)说,克号高(gao)宗。时惟休哉,朕(zhen)(zhen)其钦若。格尔有位,胥暨我太祖之庭(ting),朕(zhen)(zhen)将丕命(ming)女以厥官(guan)。”
六月丁巳,皇帝(di)朝格(ge)于太(tai)庙,凡厥具僚(liao),罔(wang)不在位。
皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)曰:“咨(zi)我元辅(fu)、群公(gong)、列将、百(bai)辟(pi)、卿士、庶尹、御(yu)事,朕(zhen)惟(wei)寅敷(fu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),稽(ji)于(yu)(yu)先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典训(xun),以(yi)大(da)(da)诰于(yu)(yu)尔在(zai)位。昔我太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)神皇(huang)(huang),肇膺明(ming)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),以(yi)创(chuang)我皇(huang)(huang)基。烈(lie)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)景(jing)宗(zong),廓开(kai)四表,底定武功(gong)。暨乎文祖(zu)(zu)(zu),诞敷(fu)文德,龚惟(wei)武考,不(bu)霣其旧。自时厥(jue)后(hou)(hou)(hou),陵夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊,用(yong)兴大(da)(da)难于(yu)(yu)彼东丘,则我黎人,咸(xian)坠(zhui)涂炭(tan)。惟(wei)台一(yi)人,缵戎(rong)下武,夙夜祗畏,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)涉大(da)(da)川,罔识攸济。是(shi)用(yong)稽(ji)于(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)典,揆于(yu)(yu)王(wang)廷(ting),拯我民(min)瘼。惟(wei)彼哲(zhe)王(wang),示(shi)我彝训(xun), 曰天生蒸民(min),罔克(ke)自乂(yi)(yi),上帝(di)(di)降鉴叡圣,植元后(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)乂(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。惟(wei)时 元后(hou)(hou)(hou)弗(fu)(fu)克(ke)独乂(yi)(yi),博求明(ming)德,命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)百(bai)辟(pi)群吏以(yi)佐(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。肆天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)辟(pi),辟(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)官(guan),惟(wei)以(yi)恤民(min),弗(fu)(fu)惟(wei)逸念。辟(pi)惟(wei)元首,庶黎惟(wei)趾,股(gu)肱(gong)惟(wei)弼(bi)。上下一(yi)体,各勤攸司,兹(zi)用(yong)克(ke)臻于(yu)(yu)皇(huang)(huang)极。故其彝训(xun)曰:“后(hou)(hou)(hou)克(ke)艰(jian)(jian)厥(jue)后(hou)(hou)(hou),臣克(ke)艰(jian)(jian)厥(jue)臣,政乃乂(yi)(yi)。”今台一(yi)人,膺天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘏,既陟元后(hou)(hou)(hou)。股(gu)肱(gong)百(bai)辟(pi)又服我国家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),罔不(bu)咸(xian)守厥(jue)职(zhi)。嗟夫(fu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)弗(fu)(fu)艰(jian)(jian)厥(jue)后(hou)(hou)(hou),臣弗(fu)(fu)艰(jian)(jian)厥(jue)臣,于(yu)(yu)政何弗(fu)(fu)斁(yi),呜呼(hu)艰(jian)(jian)哉!凡尔在(zai)位,其敬听命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)曰:“柱国,唯(wei)四海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)造,载繇二纪。天未(wei)绝我太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)列祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),用(yong)锡我以(yi)元辅(fu)。国家(jia)将坠(zhui),公(gong)惟(wei)栋(dong)梁。皇(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弗(fu)(fu)极,公(gong)作相。百(bai)揆諐度,公(gong)惟(wei)大(da)(da)录。公(gong)其允(yun)文允(yun)武,克(ke)明(ming)克(ke)乂(yi)(yi),迪七德,敷(fu)九功(gong),龛暴除(chu)乱,下绥我苍(cang)生,旁施于(yu)(yu)九土。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)伊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)商,周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有吕,说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相丁,用(yong)保我无(wu)疆(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祚(zuo)。”
皇(huang)帝若曰:“群公、太(tai)宰、太(tai)尉(wei)、司徒、司空。惟(wei)(wei)公作(zuo)朕(zhen)(zhen)鼎足(zu),以弼乎(hu)朕(zhen)(zhen)躬。宰惟(wei)(wei)天(tian)官,克(ke)谐六(liu)职。尉(wei)惟(wei)(wei)司武,武在止戈。徒惟(wei)(wei)司众(zhong),敬敷五教。空惟(wei)(wei)司土(tu),利用厚生。惟(wei)(wei)时三(san)(san)事,若三(san)(san)阶之在天(tian);惟(wei)(wei)兹(zi)四辅,若四时之成岁。天(tian)工人其(qi)代诸。”皇(huang)帝若曰:“列将,汝惟(wei)(wei)鹰扬,作(zuo)朕(zhen)(zhen)爪牙,寇(kou)贼奸宄(gui),蛮夷猾(hua)夏,汝徂征,绥之以惠(hui),董(dong)之以威。刑期于无刑,万邦咸(xian)宁(ning)。俾八(ba)表之内,莫违(wei)朕(zhen)(zhen)命,时汝功。
皇帝若曰:“庶邦列辟(pi),汝惟(wei)(wei)守土(tu),作民父母。民惟(wei)(wei)不胜其饥,故先王重农;不胜其寒,故先王贵女功。民之不率(lv)于(yu)孝慈,则骨(gu)肉(rou)之恩薄;弗(fu)惇于(yu)礼让,则争夺之萌(meng)生。惟(wei)(wei)兹六物(wu),寔(shi)为(wei)(wei)教本。呜呼!为(wei)(wei)上在(zai)宽(kuan),宽(kuan)则民怠。齐之以礼,不刚不柔,稽极于(yu)道。”
皇帝若(ruo)曰:“卿士(shi)、庶(shu)(shu)尹、凡百(bai)(bai)御(yu)事(shi),王省惟(wei)(wei)岁,卿士(shi)惟(wei)(wei)月,庶(shu)(shu)尹惟(wei)(wei)日,御(yu)事(shi)惟(wei)(wei)时。岁月日时,罔易其(qi)度(du),百(bai)(bai)宪咸贞(zhen),庶(shu)(shu)绩其(qi)凝。呜呼!惟(wei)(wei)若(ruo)王官,陶均万(wan)国(guo),若(ruo)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)斗(dou),斟元气(qi),酌(zhuo)阴(yin)阳,弗失其(qi)和,苍生永(yong)赖(lai);悖其(qi)序(xu),万(wan)物以(yi)伤。时惟(wei)(wei)艰(jian)哉!” 皇帝若(ruo)曰:“惟(wei)(wei)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)道,一(yi)阴(yin)一(yi)阳;礼(li)俗之(zhi)(zhi)变,一(yi)文一(yi)质。爰自三五(wu),以(yi)迄于(yu)兹,匪(fei)(fei)惟(wei)(wei)相革,惟(wei)(wei)其(qi)救(jiu)弊,匪(fei)(fei)惟(wei)(wei)相袭,惟(wei)(wei)其(qi)可久。惟(wei)(wei)我有(you)魏(wei),承乎周之(zhi)(zhi)末流(liu),接秦(qin)汉遗弊,袭魏(wei)晋之(zhi)(zhi)华诞,五(wu)代浇风(feng),因(yin)而未革,将以(yi)穆(mu)俗兴化,庸可暨(ji)乎。嗟我公辅、庶(shu)(shu)僚(liao)、列侯,朕(zhen)惟(wei)(wei)否(fou)德,其(qi)一(yi)心力(li),祗(zhi)慎(shen)厥(jue)(jue)艰(jian),克遵(zun)前王之(zhi)(zhi)丕显(xian)休(xiu)(xiu)烈,弗敢怠荒。咨尔(er)在位,亦协乎朕(zhen)心,惇德允元,惟(wei)(wei)厥(jue)(jue)难是务。克捐厥(jue)(jue)华,即厥(jue)(jue)实,背厥(jue)(jue)伪(wei),崇(chong)厥(jue)(jue)诚。勿愆勿忘,一(yi)乎三代之(zhi)(zhi)彝典(dian),归于(yu)道德仁(ren)义,用保我祖宗之(zhi)(zhi)丕命。荷(he)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)休(xiu)(xiu),克绥我万(wan)方,永(yong)康我黎庶(shu)(shu)。戒之(zhi)(zhi)哉!戒之(zhi)(zhi)哉!朕(zhen)言不(bu)再。”
柱国(guo)泰洎庶僚百辟拜手稽首曰:““亶聪明作(zuo)元(yuan)后,元(yuan)后作(zuo)民父母。”惟(wei)三五之(zhi)王(wang),率(lv)繇此道(dao),用臻(zhen)于刑措。自时厥后,历千载而(er)未(wei)闻。惟(wei)帝念(nian)功,将(jiang)反叔世(shi),逖致于雍。庸锡降(jiang)丕命于我群臣。博哉(zai)王(wang)言,非言之(zhi)难,行之(zhi)实(shi)难。罔(wang)不有初,鲜克有终。商书曰:“终始惟(wei)一,德(de)乃日新(xin)。”惟(wei)帝敬(jing)厥始,慎厥终,以(yi)跻日新(xin)之(zhi)德(de),则(ze)我群臣,敢不夙夜对(dui)扬休哉(zai)。惟(wei)兹大谊,未(wei)光于四表,以(yi)迈种(zhong)德(de),俾九域幽(you)遐,咸昭奉元(yuan)后之(zhi)明训,率(lv)迁于道(dao),永(yong)膺无疆之(zhi)休。”
帝曰:“钦哉(zai)。”
自是(shi)之后(hou),文笔皆依此体。
绰性俭(jian)素,不(bu)治(zhi)(zhi)产业,家无余财。以(yi)海内未平(ping),常以(yi)天下为己任。博求贤俊,共(gong)弘治(zhi)(zhi)道,凡所荐达,皆至大官。太(tai)祖亦(yi)推心委任,而(er)无间言(yan)。太(tai)祖或出游(you),常预署空纸以(yi)授绰,若须(xu)有处分,则随事施行(xing),及还,启之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已。绰尝(chang)谓治(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)道,当爱民如慈父,训民如严(yan)师。每与(yu)公卿议(yi)论,自(zi)昼达夜,事无巨细,若指诸掌。积思劳倦,遂成气疾。十(shi)二(er)年,卒于位,时年四十(shi)九。
太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)痛惜之(zhi),哀(ai)动(dong)左(zuo)右。及(ji)将(jiang)葬(zang),乃(nai)谓公(gong)卿(qing)等曰(yue):“苏尚(shang)(shang) 书(shu)平生谦退,敦(dun)尚(shang)(shang)俭约。吾欲(yu)全其(qi)素志(zhi),便恐悠(you)悠(you)之(zhi)徒,有(you)所未达;如其(qi)厚(hou)加赠(zeng)谥,又(you)乖宿(su)昔(xi)相(xiang)知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)道。进(jin)退惟谷,孤有(you)疑焉(yan)。”尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)令史麻瑶越次而(er)进(jin)曰(yue):“昔(xi)晏子,齐(qi)之(zhi)贤大夫,一狐裘三(san)十年。及(ji)其(qi)死也(ye),遗车(che)一乘(cheng)。齐(qi)侯不(bu)夺其(qi)志(zhi)。绰既(ji)操(cao)履清白(bai),谦挹自居(ju),愚谓宜从俭约,以(yi)彰其(qi)美。”太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)称善(shan),因荐瑶于朝廷。及(ji)绰归葬(zang)武功,唯载以(yi)布车(che)一乘(cheng)。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)与(yu)群公(gong),皆(jie)步送(song)出同州郭门(men)外。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)亲于车(che)后(hou)酹酒而(er)言曰(yue):“尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)平生为事,妻子兄弟不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)者,吾皆(jie)知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)。惟尔(er)知(zhi)(zhi)吾心,吾知(zhi)(zhi)尔(er)意(yi)。方欲(yu)共定天下,不(bu)幸遂舍我去,奈(nai)何 !”因举声(sheng)恸哭,不(bu)觉失卮于手。至葬(zang)日(ri),又(you)遣使祭以(yi)太(tai)(tai)牢(lao),太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)自为其(qi)文(wen)。
绰(chuo)又着佛性论(lun)、七经论(lun),并行于世。明帝二年(nian),以绰(chuo)配享太祖庙庭。子威嗣(si)。
威少有父风,袭(xi)爵美阳伯。娶晋公(gong)护女新(xin)兴(xing)公(gong)主,拜车骑 大(da)将(jiang)军、仪同(tong)三司(si),进爵怀道(dao)县公(gong)。建(jian)德初,稍迁御伯下大(da)夫。大(da)象末,开府仪同(tong)大(da)将(jiang)军。
隋开皇初,以绰著名前代,乃下(xia)诏曰:“昔(xi)汉高钦(qin)无(wu)忌之(zhi)义(yi),魏武挹(yi)子(zi)干之(zhi)风,前代名贤,后王(wang)(wang)斯重。魏故度支尚书、美阳伯苏绰,文(wen)雅政事(shi),遗(yi)迹可称。展力前王(wang)(wang),垂声着绩(ji)。宜开土宇,用旌善(shan)人。”于是追封邳国公,邑二千(qian)户(hu)。
绰(chuo)弟(di)椿(chun),字令钦(qin)。性廉慎,沉(chen)勇有决(jue)断。正光中,关右贼(zei)乱,椿(chun)应募讨之,授(shou)荡寇将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)。累功(gong)(封(feng))迁奉(feng)朝请、厉威将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、中散(san)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),赐爵美阳子,加都督(du)、持节(jie)、平西将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、太中大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)。大(da)(da)(da)统初,拜镇(zhen)东将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、金紫光禄大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),赐姓贺兰氏。四(si)年(nian)(nian),出为武都郡(jun)守。改授(shou)西夏州长史,除(chu)帅都督(du),行弘农郡(jun)事。椿(chun)当(dang)官(guan)强济,特为太祖(zu)所(suo)知。十四(si)年(nian)(nian),置当(dang)州乡(xiang)帅,自(zi)(zi)非乡(xiang)望允(yun)当(dang)众心,不得预(yu)焉。乃令驿追椿(chun)领(ling)乡(xiang)兵。其年(nian)(nian),破(po)盘头(tou)氐(di)有功(gong),除(chu)散(san)骑常侍,加大(da)(da)(da)都督(du)。十六年(nian)(nian),征(zheng)随郡(jun),军(jun)(jun)还,除(chu) 武功(gong)郡(jun)守。既为本(ben)邑,以清俭自(zi)(zi)居,小大(da)(da)(da)之政,必尽忠恕(shu)。寻授(shou)使持节(jie)、车(che)骑大(da)(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、仪同三司(si),进爵为侯(hou)。武成二(er)年(nian)(nian),进位(wei)骠(piao)骑大(da)(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、开(kai)府仪同三司(si)、大(da)(da)(da)都督(du)。保定三年(nian)(nian),卒。子植嗣(si)。
史臣(chen)曰(yue):书云:“惟后(hou)非贤(xian)弗乂,惟贤(xian)非后(hou)罔(wang)食”。是以(yi)知人则哲,有国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)所先;用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)则行,为下之(zhi)(zhi)常道(dao)。若乃(nai)庖厨、胥靡、种德、微(wei)管之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),罕闻于世;黜(chu)鲁、逐荆、抱关(guan)、执戟(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),无乏于时。斯固(gu)典慕所以(yi)昭则,风(feng)雅所以(yi)兴刺(ci)也(ye)。诚能监前事之(zhi)(zhi)得丧,劳(lao)虚己于吐握,其知贤(xian)也(ye)必用(yong)(yong),其授爵也(ye)勿疑,则舜禹汤武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)德可连(lian)衡矣,稷(ji)契伊吕之(zhi)(zhi)流可比肩矣。
太(tai)祖提剑而起,百度草创。施约法之制于竞逐(zhu)之辰,修治(zhi)定之礼于鼎峙之日。终能斲雕为朴(po),变奢从俭,风化(hua)既被,而下肃上尊(zun);疆埸屡扰,而内亲外附。斯(si)盖苏令绰(chuo)之力也(ye)。名冠当时,庆流后嗣,宜(yi)哉。