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张昆弟记毛泽东的两次谈话

(一九一七年九月)

作者:毛泽东 文章来源:伟人作品

(一)

今(jin)日星期,约与(yu)(yu)蔡和(he)(he)森、毛润芝(zhi)、彭(peng)则厚作一(yi)(yi)二(er)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旅(lv)行(xing)。早饭后(hou)(hou),彭(peng)君过河邀蔡君同(tong)(tong)(tong)至(zhi)(zhi)渔(yu)湾(wan)市会伴,余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)与(yu)(yu)毛君先(xian)到渔(yu)湾(wan)市。稍(shao)(shao)久(jiu)(jiu),彭(peng)君一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)来(lai),蔡君以值今(jin)日移居不(bu)(bu)果行(xing)。此(ci)议发自(zi)(zi)蔡君,余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)诺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并(bing)(bing)商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彭(peng)毛二(er)君也(ye)。事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)合,诚莫能料(liao)。三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)遂(sui)沿铁(tie)道(dao)行(xing),天气(qi)炎热,幸风大(da)温(wen)稍(shao)(shao)解。走(zou)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)里(li)休息(xi)于(yu)(yu)铁(tie)路旁茶(cha)(cha)店(dian),饮茶(cha)(cha)解渴(ke),稍(shao)(shao)坐又(you)行(xing)。过十(shi)(shi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)里(li),经大(da)托(tuo)铺,前(qian)行(xing)六里(li)息(xi)饭店(dian),并(bing)(bing)在此(ci)午饭。饭每大(da)碗(wan)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)文,菜每碗(wan)二(er)十(shi)(shi)文,三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)共吃饭五(wu)(wu)大(da)碗(wan),小(xiao)(xiao)菜五(wu)(wu)碗(wan)。饭后(hou)(hou)稍(shao)(shao)息(xi),拟就该(gai)店(dian)后(hou)(hou)大(da)塘浴(yu),以水(shui)(shui)(shui)浅不(bu)(bu)及(ji)股止,遂(sui)至(zhi)(zhi)店(dian)拿行(xing)具前(qian)行(xing)。未(wei)及(ji)三(san)(san)里(li)寻一(yi)(yi)清(qing)(qing)且(qie)深之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)港坝,三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)同(tong)(tong)(tong)浴(yu),余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以不(bu)(bu)善水(shui)(shui)(shui)甚不(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)由(you)。浴(yu)后(hou)(hou),行(xing)十(shi)(shi)四(si)里(li)至(zhi)(zhi)目的地下,时(shi)(shi)日将西下矣。遂(sui)由(you)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)背缘石砌而上,湘(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)(qing)临其(qi)下,高峰秀挹其(qi)上,昭山(shan)(shan)其(qi)名也(ye)。山(shan)(shan)上有(you)(you)(you)寺(si)(si),名昭山(shan)(shan)寺(si)(si),寺(si)(si)有(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)尚三(san)(san)四(si)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辈〔告〕以来(lai)意(yi),时(shi)(shi)晚(wan),欲(yu)在该(gai)寺(si)(si)借(jie)宿(su)。和(he)(he)尚初有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)意(yi),余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辈遂(sui)有(you)(you)(you)作露宿(su)于(yu)(yu)丛树(shu)(shu)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。和(he)(he)尚后(hou)(hou)允借(jie)宿(su),露宿(su)暂止。晚(wan)饭后(hou)(hou),三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)同(tong)(tong)(tong)由(you)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正面下,就湘(xiang)江浴(yu)。浴(yu)后(hou)(hou),盘沙对(dui)语,凉风暖解,水(shui)(shui)(shui)波(bo)助语,不(bu)(bu)知乐从(cong)何(he)来(lai)也(ye)。久(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),由(you)原路上,时(shi)(shi)行(xing)时(shi)(shi)语,不(bu)(bu)见山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倒(dao)立(li)矣。和(he)(he)尚待于(yu)(yu)前(qian)门,星光照下,树(shu)(shu)色苍浓,隐(yin)隐(yin)生气(qi)勃发焉(yan)。不(bu)(bu)久(jiu)(jiu)进寺(si)(si),和(he)(he)尚带(dai)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辈至(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)客(ke)房,指旷床为宿(su)处(chu),并(bing)(bing)借(jie)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辈小(xiao)(xiao)被一(yi)(yi)块。房外有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)楼(lou)一(yi)(yi)间(jian),余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辈至(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)楼(lou)纳凉,南(nan)风乱(luan)吹(chui),三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)语笑称善者(zhe)久(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谈语颇(po)久(jiu)(jiu),甚相得也(ye),毛君云,西人(ren)(ren)(ren)物质文明极盛,遂(sui)为衣食(shi)住三(san)(san)者(zhe)所拘(ju),徒供肉欲(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)发达已耳。若人(ren)(ren)(ren)生仅此(ci)衣食(shi)住三(san)(san)者(zhe)而已足,是人(ren)(ren)(ren)生太无价值。又(you)云,吾辈必想一(yi)(yi)最容易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法,以解经济问(wen)题,而后(hou)(hou)求(qiu)遂(sui)吾人(ren)(ren)(ren)理想之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世界主义。又(you)云,人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)力(li)与(yu)(yu)体(ti)力(li)合行(xing)一(yi)(yi)事(shi),事(shi)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)难(nan)成者(zhe)。余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)甚然(ran)其(qi)言。且(qie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)(xin)能力(li)说,余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)久(jiu)(jiu)信(xin)仰(yang),故余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)以谭嗣同(tong)(tong)(tong)《仁(ren)学》可炼心(xin)(xin)力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,友鼎丞亦(yi)(yi)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。彭(peng)君以清(qing)(qing)夜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感,久(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)为僧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,且(qie)云数年后(hou)(hou)邀余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辈同(tong)(tong)(tong)至(zhi)(zhi)该(gai)邑名山(shan)(shan)读(du)书,余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)与(yu)(yu)毛君亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)志,毛君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志较余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)尤坚。余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)当时(shi)(shi)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)感云,风吹(chui)树(shu)(shu)扰声天籁,欲(yu)报无从(cong)悟弃(qi)形。但未(wei)出以相示。夜深始睡。

十七日补

(九月十六日)

(二)

昨日下午与毛君(jun)润(run)芝游泳。游泳后至麓山蔡和森君(jun)居(ju)。时将(jiang)黄昏,遂宿于此(ci)。夜谈(tan)颇久。毛君(jun)润(run)芝云,现(xian)在国民(min)性(xing)惰(duo),虚伪相崇,奴隶性(xing)成,思(si)想(xiang)狭隘,安得(de)国人(ren)有(you)大哲(zhe)学革命家,大伦理(li)革命家,如(ru)俄之(zhi)(zhi)托(tuo)尔(er)斯(si)泰②其人(ren),以洗涤国民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)旧(jiu)思(si)想(xiang),开发其新(xin)思(si)想(xiang)。余甚(shen)然(ran)其言。中(zhong)国人(ren)沉郁固塞(sai),陋不自知(zhi),入主(zhu)出(chu)奴,普(pu)成习性(xing)。安得(de)有(you)俄之(zhi)(zhi)托(tuo)尔(er)斯(si)泰其人(ren)者(zhe),冲决一切现(xian)象之(zhi)(zhi)网罗,发展(zhan)其理(li)想(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)世界。行之(zhi)(zhi)以身(shen),著之(zhi)(zhi)以书(shu),以真(zhen)理(li)为归,真(zhen)理(li)所在,毫不旁顾。前之(zhi)(zhi)谭嗣同,今之(zhi)(zhi)陈独秀,其人(ren)者(zhe),魄(po)力颇雄大,诚非今日俗学所可(ke)比(bi)拟(ni)。又(you)毛君(jun)主(zhu)张将(jiang)唐宋以后之(zhi)(zhi)文集(ji)(ji)诗集(ji)(ji),焚诸一炉(lu)。又(you)主(zhu)张家族革命,师生革命。革命非兵戎相见之(zhi)(zhi)谓,乃(nai)除旧(jiu)布新(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)谓。

今(jin)日(ri)早起,同(tong)蔡毛二(er)君由蔡君居侧(ce)上岳麓(lu),沿山脊而(er)行(xing),至(zhi)书院后(hou)下(xia)山,凉山〈风(feng)〉大发,空气(qi)清(qing)爽。空气(qi)浴,大风(feng)浴,胸襟洞(dong)澈,旷然有远(yuan)俗之慨。归时十(shi)一(yi)句钟矣。

由(you)麓(lu)山(shan)归,作家(jia)书一封。下午送(song)信晋城,托胡君带归。

(九月二十三日)

根据张昆弟日(ri)记(ji)手稿(gao)刊印。

注释

①本(ben)文(wen)是毛(mao)泽东(dong)的(de)好友张(zhang)昆弟的(de)两(liang)则日记(ji)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)记(ji)述了1917年(nian)(nian)9月间毛(mao)泽东(dong)夜(ye)宿昭山寺和在蔡和森家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)两(liang)次谈话。标题为本(ben)书编者所加。 张(zhang)昆弟(1894—1932),号(hao)芝(zhi)圃,湖南(nan)益阳板(ban)溪(今(jin)属桃江县)人(ren),湖南(nan)省(sheng)立第一师范学校学生,新民(min)学会(hui)会(hui)员。1919年(nian)(nian)赴法勤(qin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)俭(jian)学,1921年(nian)(nian)冬回国(guo)(guo),1922年(nian)(nian)加入中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)共(gong)产(chan)(chan)党,参加领导过(guo)京(jing)汉铁路工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)大罢工(gong)(gong)(gong)。1928年(nian)(nian)出席(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)共(gong)产(chan)(chan)党在莫斯科召开的(de)“六大”,并列席(xi)共(gong)产(chan)(chan)国(guo)(guo)际“六大”。1931年(nian)(nian),以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)运特派员身份(fen)到湘鄂西苏(su)区,曾任(ren)红五军团(tuan)政治部(bu)主任(ren)、湘鄂西省(sheng)总工(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)党团(tuan)书记(ji)。1932年(nian)(nian)牺牲于洪湖地(di)区。

②托尔(er)斯泰(tai),指列夫·托尔(er)斯泰(tai),见本书第563页(ye)注③。

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