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湖南自治运动请愿书

(一九二○年十月十一日)

作者:毛泽东 文章来源:伟人作品

呈为请愿事:

窃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)华(hua)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)国(guo)主权属于(yu)(yu)国(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)全(quan)体,载(zai)在(zai)约法(fa)(fa)(fa)②,已历(li)九年。市民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)九年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),虽在(zai)约法(fa)(fa)(fa)上(shang)应享受种(zhong)(zhong)种(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)权,而在(zai)实(shi)际上(shang)则(ze)几(ji)被少数官僚(liao)军阀(fa)剥(bo)夺至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)净(jing)尽(jin)。此(ci)(ci)固(gu)由于(yu)(yu)一(yi)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)本大法(fa)(fa)(fa)未(wei)能(neng)成立(li),亦实(shi)由于(yu)(yu)地方自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)尚(shang)未(wei)实(shi)施有(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。湘(xiang)省(sheng)连(lian)年政变迭(die)兴,祸(huo)(huo)乱相寻(xun)。无(wu)论湘(xiang)人(ren)治(zhi)湘(xiang)或湘(xiang)人(ren)被治(zhi),要皆(jie)为(wei)一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)官治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良否区别(bie)(bie),而于(yu)(yu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)治(zhi)无(wu)与。故当兵(bing)连(lian)祸(huo)(huo)结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,市民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)等(deng)惟□③相率忍痛茹苦,别(bie)(bie)无(wu)救生出(chu)死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。兹幸(xing)湘(xiang)局底定,群(qun)情(qing)望(wang)治(zhi)。黄金(jin)世界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赞美,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)治(zhi)乐土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属望(wang),中(zhong)(zhong)外舆望(wang),殆成一(yi)致。市民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)等(deng)鉴(jian)既(ji)往之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大艰,知来日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)易(yi)。审(shen)慎(shen)集议,至(zhi)(zhi)再(zai)至(zhi)(zhi)三,窃谓非(fei)从(cong)速(su)举行地方自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi),决无(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)济湘(xiang)局于(yu)(yu)郅盛;非(fei)从(cong)速(su)召集人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)宪(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)会(hui)议,决无(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)期(qi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)于(yu)(yu)完善(shan)。而人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)宪(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)会(hui)议之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)组织法(fa)(fa)(fa)及(ji)选(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)举法(fa)(fa)(fa),市民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)等(deng)尤认为(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)重至(zhi)(zhi)大。综其主要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)点(dian)有(you)六:(一(yi))宪(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)会(hui)议代表(biao),依(yi)县之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小(xiao)分配产出(chu);(二)制宪(xian)(xian)期(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三个(ge)(ge)月(yue)为(wei)限;(三)用(yong)直接(jie)选(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)举法(fa)(fa)(fa);(四)用(yong)普通选(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)举法(fa)(fa)(fa);(五)代表(biao)不(bu)(bu)得兼官吏与军职;(六)选(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)举期(qi)限至(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)不(bu)(bu)得逾两(liang)个(ge)(ge)月(yue)。本以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)六主要点(dian),产出(chu)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)宪(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)会(hui)议,必能(neng)博采(cai)大多(duo)数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意见,制成完善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宪(xian)(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)增(zeng)进湘(xiang)人(ren)幸(xing)福,树立(li)全(quan)国(guo)模范。再(zai)吾(wu)湘(xiang)现处特(te)(te)别(bie)(bie)地位,应采(cai)革(ge)命精神,趄断从(cong)前一(yi)切葛(ge)藤,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)湖南(nan)一(yi)省(sheng)完全(quan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)决自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主,不(bu)(bu)仰赖中(zhong)(zhong)央,不(bu)(bu)依(yi)傍各省(sheng),铲除旧习,创建新邦。至(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)后(hou)制治(zhi)精神,宜采(cai)取(qu)(qu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)治(zhi)主义及(ji)社会(hui)主义,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解决政治(zhi)上(shang)及(ji)经济上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)别(bie)(bie)难点(dian),而免日后(hou)再(zai)有(you)流血(xue)革(ge)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惨。又依(yi)湖南(nan)现在(zai)情(qing)形,宜采(cai)取(qu)(qu)湖南(nan)们(men)罗主义,湘(xiang)人(ren)完全(quan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi),不(bu)(bu)干(gan)涉(she)外省(sheng),亦不(bu)(bu)受外省(sheng)干(gan)涉(she)。

市民等谨以(yi)大多数之意见,提出(chu)于总司令〔4〕之前,敬仰采纳施行。此呈

湖南总司令谭

湖南省城(cheng)全体市民(min)谨呈

根据1920年10月(yue)11日(ri)湖南《大(da)公(gong)报》刊印。

注释

①本(ben)文未署(shu)名。1920年(nian)10月(yue)14日(ri)上(shang)海(hai)《民国(guo)日(ri)报》所(suo)刊的(de)(de)《湘(xiang)各界促进自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)大(da)会(hui)》中(zhong)说,这(zhei)次大(da)会(hui)“推毛(mao)(mao)泽东,龙兼(jian)公为请(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)书(shu)起(qi)(qi)草员”。另王无(wu)为1920年(nian)著《湖南自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)运动史》中(zhong)亦提到,“请(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)书(shu)起(qi)(qi)草问(wen)题,讨论良久,乃推定龙叔彝(即龙兼(jian)公——编者注(zhu))、毛(mao)(mao)泽东为起(qi)(qi)草员。”可(ke)知本(ben)文为毛(mao)(mao)、龙二人起(qi)(qi)草。1920年(nian)10月(yue)11日(ri)湖南《大(da)公报》在题为《国(guo)庆(qing)日(ri)的(de)(de)游(you)街活动》的(de)(de)新(xin)闻稿中(zhong)刊录(lu)此请(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)书(shu)的(de)(de)同(tong)时,还(hai)提到长沙近万人于10月(yue)10日(ri)冒雨在省教(jiao)育会(hui)坪召开自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)运动大(da)会(hui),会(hui)上(shang)宣读了《请(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)书(shu)》,会(hui)后(hou)游(you)行(xing)。当(dang)游(you)行(xing)队伍行(xing)进到总司令部时,将《请(qing)愿(yuan)(yuan)书(shu)》当(dang)面交给了谭延(yan)闿。本(ben)文标题和标点为本(ben)书(shu)编者所(suo)加。

②指中华民国临时约(yue)法。

③原件此处模(mo)糊(hu),疑为(wei)“有”字。

〔4〕总司令(ling),指当时(shi)的湖南省长(zhang)、督(du)军兼(jian)湘军总司令(ling)谭延闿(kai)。参见本书第55页(ye)注〔22〕、第485页(ye)注〔6〕。

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