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民众的大联合(二)(一九一九年七月二十八日)

作者:毛泽东 文章来源:伟人作品

以小联合做基础

上一回的(de)本报(bao),己〈已〉说(shuo)完了“民(min)(min)众的(de)大(da)联合(he)”的(de)可能及必要。今回且说(shuo)怎(zen)样是进行大(da)联合(he)的(de)办法(fa)?就(jiu)是“民(min)(min)众的(de)小联合(he)”。

原来我(wo)们想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一种(zhong)大联(lian)合(he),以与立在我(wo)们对面(mian)的(de)强权者(zhe)害人(ren)者(zhe)相抗,而求到(dao)我(wo)们的(de)利(li)益(yi),就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)种(zhong)种(zhong)做他基(ji)础的(de)小(xiao)联(lian)合(he)。我(wo)们人(ren)类本有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)联(lian)合(he)的(de)天才,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)群(qun)(qun)的(de)天才,能(neng)够组织社(she)(she)会(hui)的(de)天才。“群(qun)(qun)”和“社(she)(she)会(hui)”就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)所说的(de)“联(lian)合(he)”。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大群(qun)(qun),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)群(qun)(qun),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大社(she)(she)会(hui),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)社(she)(she)会(hui),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大联(lian)合(he),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)联(lian)合(he),是(shi)(shi)(shi)一样的(de)东西(xi)换(huan)却名称。所以要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)群(qun)(qun),要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)社(she)(she)会(hui),要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)联(lian)合(he),是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)为想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)求到(dao)我(wo)们的(de)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)利(li)益(yi)。共(gong)同(tong)(tong)利(li)益(yi)因(yin)为我(wo)们的(de)境遇和职业不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),其范围也(ye)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大小(xiao)的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)。共(gong)同(tong)(tong)利(li)益(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大小(xiao)的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),于是(shi)(shi)(shi)求到(dao)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)利(li)益(yi)的(de)方法(联(lian)合(he)),也(ye)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大小(xiao)的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)。

诸君!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)是农夫(fu)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)就要和(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)种(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)同类,结成一(yi)个联合,以谋我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)种(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)(tian)人的(de)(de)种(zhong)(zhong)种(zhong)(zhong)利(li)益。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)种(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)(tian)人的(de)(de)利(li)益,是要我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)种(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)(tian)人自己去(qu)求(qiu)(qiu),别人不种(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)(tian)的(de)(de),他和(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)利(li)益不同,决不会帮我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)去(qu)求(qiu)(qiu)。种(zhong)(zhong)田(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)诸君!田(tian)(tian)主怎样(yang)待遇我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)?租税是重是轻?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)的(de)(de)房子适不适?肚子饱不饱?田(tian)(tian)不少吗(ma)?村(cun)里(li)没有没田(tian)(tian)作的(de)(de)人吗(ma)?这许多(duo)问(wen)题,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)应该时(shi)时(shi)去(qu)求(qiu)(qiu)解答。应该和(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)的(de)(de)同类结成一(yi)个联合,切切实(shi)实(shi)章明较著的(de)(de)去(qu)求(qiu)(qiu)解答。

诸君!我(wo)们是工人。我(wo)们要和(he)我(wo)们做(zuo)工的(de)同类结成一(yi)个联(lian)合,以谋我(wo)们工人的(de)种种利益。关于(yu)我(wo)们做(zuo)工的(de)各种问(wen)题,工值的(de)多少?工时的(de)长(zhang)短?红利的(de)均(jun)分与(yu)否?娱乐的(de)增进与(yu)否?……均(jun)不(bu)可不(bu)求一(yi)个解(jie)答(da)。不(bu)可不(bu)和(he)我(wo)们的(de)同类结成一(yi)个联(lian)合,切切实实章明较(jiao)著的(de)去求一(yi)个解(jie)答(da)。

诸(zhu)君!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)学生。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)好(hao)苦(ku)(ku),教(jiao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)生们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),待我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)做寇仇(chou),欺我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)做奴隶,闭(bi)锁我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)做囚(qiu)犯(fan)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)教(jiao)室(shi)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窗子(zi),那么(me)(me)(me)(me)矮小(xiao),光线照不(bu)(bu)到(dao)黑板(ban),使(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)“近视”。桌椅太不(bu)(bu)合式(shi),坐久了(le)(le)(le)便成(cheng)“脊柱弯曲症(zheng)”。先(xian)生们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)只顾要(yao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)门〈们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)〉多(duo)看(kan)(kan)(kan)书,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)看(kan)(kan)(kan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真多(duo),但我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)都不(bu)(bu)懂,白费了(le)(le)(le)记忆。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)眼睛(jing)花了(le)(le)(le),脑(nao)(nao)筋昏了(le)(le)(le),精血亏(kui)了(le)(le)(le),面色(se)灰白的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)“贫(pin)血症(zheng)”,成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)“神经衰弱(ruo)症(zheng)”。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)何以这么(me)(me)(me)(me)呆板(ban)?这么(me)(me)(me)(me)不(bu)(bu)活泼?这么(me)(me)(me)(me)萎(wei)缩?呵(he)!都是(shi)先(xian)生们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)迫着(zhe)(zhe)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)门〈们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)〉不(bu)(bu)许(xu)动,不(bu)(bu)许(xu)声的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原故。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)便成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)“僵死(si)症(zheng)”。身体(ti)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)痛苦(ku)(ku)还(hai)次(ci)。诸(zhu)君!你看(kan)(kan)(kan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)试验(yan)室(shi)呵(he)!那么(me)(me)(me)(me)窄小(xiao)!那么(me)(me)(me)(me)贫(pin)乏(fa)!!几(ji)件坏仪器(qi),使(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)试验(yan)不(bu)(bu)得。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)文先(xian)生那么(me)(me)(me)(me)顽(wan)固。满嘴里“诗云”“子(zi)曰”,清(qing)底却(que)是(shi)一(yi)字(zi)不(bu)(bu)通。他们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)知道现今己〈已〉到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)二十世纪,还(hai)迫着(zhe)(zhe)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)行(xing)“古(gu)礼”守“古(gu)法(fa)”。一(yi)大堆(dui)古(gu)典式(shi)死(si)尸(shi)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臭文章,迫着(zhe)(zhe)向我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)脑(nao)(nao)子(zi)里灌。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)图书室(shi)是(shi)空的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)游戏场是(shi)秽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。国(guo)(guo)家要(yao)亡了(le)(le)(le),他们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)还(hai)贴看(kan)(kan)(kan)布告,禁止(zhi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)〈们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)〉爱(ai)国(guo)(guo)。像这一(yi)次(ci)救(jiu)(jiu)国(guo)(guo)运动,受(shou)到(dao)他们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恩(en)赐真多(duo)呢!咳!谁(shei)使(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身体(ti),精神,受(shou)摧折(zhe),不(bu)(bu)娱快!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)联(lian)合起来,讲(jiang)究(jiu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“自(zi)教(jiao)育”,还(hai)待何时?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)巳(si)〈已〉经堕在苦(ku)(ku)海(hai)!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)讲(jiang)求自(zi)救(jiu)(jiu),卢梭所发(fa)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“自(zi)教(jiao)育”①,正用(yong)得着(zhe)(zhe)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)尽可(ke)结合同志,自(zi)己研(yan)究(jiu)。咬人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)生们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),不(bu)(bu)要(yao)靠他。遇着(zhe)(zhe)事情(qing)发(fa)生,——像这回日本强权者和国(guo)(guo)内(nei)强权者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跋卮〈扈(hu)〉——我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)就列起队伍向他们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)作(zuo)有力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大呼(hu)。

诸(zhu)君!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)是(shi)女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)更(geng)沉沦在(zai)苦(ku)海!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)都是(shi)人(ren),为(wei)甚么(me)不(bu)许(xu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)参政?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)都是(shi)人(ren),为(wei)甚么(me)不(bu)许(xu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)交际(ji)?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)一(yi)窟(ku)一(yi)窟(ku)的(de)(de)聚着(zhe),连大都门〈门都〉不(bu)能跨(kua)出(chu)。无(wu)耻(chi)的(de)(de)男子(zi)(zi),无(wu)赖的(de)(de)男子(zi)(zi),拿着(zhe)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)做玩具(ju),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)对他长期卖淫,破坏恋(lian)爱自由的(de)(de)恶魔!破坏恋(lian)爱神(shen)圣的(de)(de)恶魔!整天的(de)(de)对我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)围着(zhe)。什么(me)“贞(zhen)操”却限于我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)!“烈女(nv)(nv)祠”遍天下,“贞(zhen)童(tong)庙”又在(zai)那里?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)中有些一(yi)窟(ku)的(de)(de)聚着(zhe)在(zai)女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)学校(xiao),教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)的(de)(de)又是(shi)一(yi)些无(wu)耻(chi)无(wu)赖的(de)(de)男子(zi)(zi),整天说什么(me)“贤(xian)母良妻”,无(wu)非是(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)长期卖淫专一(yi)卖淫,怕我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)不(bu)受(shou)约束,更(geng)好(hao)好(hao)的(de)(de)加以(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)练。苦(ku)!苦(ku)!自由之神(shen)!你在(zai)那里!快救我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)于今醒了!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)要进行我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)女(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)联(lian)合!要扫荡(dang)一(yi)般强(qiang)奸(jian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)破坏我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)身(shen)体精神(shen)的(de)(de)自由的(de)(de)恶魔!

诸君!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)小学(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)师。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)整(zheng)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)课,忙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真很!整(zheng)天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吃粉条屑,没(mei)(mei)(mei)处(chu)可以游(you)散舒吐。这么(me)一个(ge)大城里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小学(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)师,总不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下几(ji)千几(ji)百,却(que)没(mei)(mei)(mei)有专(zhuan)为我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)而设(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)娱乐场。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)教(jiao)(jiao)课,要(yao)(yao)随时长(zhang)进学(xue)(xue)问(wen),却(que)没(mei)(mei)(mei)有一个(ge)为我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)而设(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究机关(guan)。死板板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)课钟点(dian),那么(me)多,并没(mei)(mei)(mei)有余时,没(mei)(mei)(mei)有余力(li),——精神来(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及!——去研究学(xue)(xue)问(wen)。于(yu)是(shi)乎我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)变了(le)(le)(le)留声器,整(zheng)天(tian)演唱(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)外昔日先(xian)生(sheng)们(men)(men)(men)(men)教(jiao)(jiao)给我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真传讲(jiang)义。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)肚(du)子是(shi)饿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。月薪(xin)十(shi)元八元,还要(yao)(yao)折扣。有些校(xiao)(xiao)长(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng),更(geng)仿照“刻(ke)减(jian)军粮”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)办(ban)法,将政府(fu)发下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)钱,上(shang)到他们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腰包(bao)去了(le)(le)(le)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)为着(zhe)没(mei)(mei)(mei)钱,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)便做(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)有妇(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳏(guan)夫。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)和(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亲爱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)妇(fu)人隔过几(ji)百里(li)几(ji)十(shi)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孤住着(zhe),相(xiang)望着(zhe)。教(jiao)(jiao)育学(xue)(xue)上(shang)讲(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小学(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)师是(shi)终身事业,难道便要(yao)(yao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)做(zuo)终身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳏(guan)夫和(he)寡妇(fu)?教(jiao)(jiao)育学(xue)(xue)上(shang)原说学(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)应该(gai)有教(jiao)(jiao)员的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家庭(ting)住着(zhe),才能(neng)做(zuo)学(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)范,于(yu)今却(que)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)为着(zhe)没(mei)(mei)(mei)钱,便不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)买书,便不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)游(you)历考察。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)说了(le)(le)(le)!小学(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)师横直是(shi)奴隶罢了(le)(le)(le)!我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)(yao)想不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)做(zuo)奴隶,除非(fei)联结我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同类,成功一个(ge)小学(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)师的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)联合。

诸君!我(wo)(wo)们是警察。我(wo)(wo)们也要结合我(wo)(wo)们同类,成功一个有益我(wo)(wo)们身心的(de)联(lian)合。日本(ben)人(ren)说,最苦的(de)是乞丐(gai),小学教员,和(he)警察,我(wo)(wo)们也有点感(gan)觉。

诸君(jun)!我们是车夫(fu)。整(zheng)天的拉(la)得(de)汗如雨下!车主的赁钱那(nei)么(me)多!得(de)到的车费这么(me)少(shao)!何能过活,我们也(ye)有什么(me)联合的方法么(me)?

上面是农夫(fu)(fu),工人,学生,女子,小学教师(shi),警察,车夫(fu)(fu),各色人等的一片哀(ai)声,他们受苦不过,就想(xiang)组成切于他们利害的各种小联合。

上面(mian)所说(shuo)的小联合,像那工人(ren)的联合,还(hai)是一(yi)个(ge)狠大很笼统的名(ming)目,过细说(shuo)来,像下列的

铁路工人的联合,

矿工的联合,

电报司员的联合,

电话司员的联合,

造船业工人的联合,

航业工人的联合,

五金业工人的联合,

纺织业工人的联合,

电车夫的联合,

街车夫的联合,

建筑业工人的联合(he)……

方是(shi)最(zui)下一级小(xiao)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)。西洋各国的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)人,都有各行(xing)各业的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)会。如(ru)运输工(gong)人联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)会,电车工(gong)人联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)会之(zhi)类,到(dao)处(chu)都有。由许多(duo)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he),进为(wei)(wei)一个(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)。由许多(duo)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he),进为(wei)(wei)一个(ge)(ge)最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)。于(yu)是(shi)什么(me)“协(xie)会”,什么(me)“同(tong)盟”,接踵而(er)起。因为(wei)(wei)共同(tong)利(li)益,只限于(yu)一小(xiao)部(bu)份人,故所成(cheng)立的(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)小(xiao)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)。许多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)彼此间利(li)益有共同(tong)之(zhi)点,故可(ke)以立为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)。像研(yan)究(jiu)学(xue)问是(shi)我(wo)们学(xue)生分内的(de)(de)(de)事(shi),就组(zu)成(cheng)我(wo)们研(yan)究(jiu)学(xue)问的(de)(de)(de)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)。像要求(qiu)(qiu)解(jie)放要求(qiu)(qiu)自由,是(shi)无论何人都有分的(de)(de)(de)事(shi),就应联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)各种各色的(de)(de)(de)人,组(zu)成(cheng)一个(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)联(lian)(lian)(lian)合(he)。

所(suo)以(yi)大联合必要从小联合入(ru)手,我(wo)们(men)(men)应该起(qi)而(er)仿效别国的同胞们(men)(men)。我(wo)们(men)(men)应该多(duo)多(duo)进行我(wo)们(men)(men)的小联合。

根据1919年7月28日《湘(xiang)江(jiang)评论》第(di)3号刊印(yin)。署名(ming)泽(ze)东。

注释

①卢梭(suo)(1712—1778),法国启蒙主(zhu)义思想家、哲学家、教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)家。“自(zi)(zi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)”即自(zi)(zi)然(ran)主(zhu)义教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu),他(ta)提(ti)出“回到自(zi)(zi)然(ran)”的口号,主(zhu)张顺应儿(er)(er)童的本性,让他(ta)们(men)的身心(xin)自(zi)(zi)由发展(zhan)。杨昌济在《教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)学讲义》中介绍这(zhei)种教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)学说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)时说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“卢梭(suo)谓人生性质之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)良(liang),出于小儿(er)(er)受(shou)社(she)会文化之(zhi)(zhi)影响(xiang)(xiang),故(gu)宜使(shi)小儿(er)(er)脱离社(she)会,不(bu)受(shou)社(she)会文化之(zhi)(zhi)影响(xiang)(xiang),使(shi)小儿(er)(er)本来所有善(shan)良(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)性质自(zi)(zi)然(ran)发达。故(gu)卢梭(suo)所著之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)小说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)《哀弥尔(er)》,使(shi)其书中之(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)人哀弥尔(er),但伴一人之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)师自(zi)(zi)然(ran)生长”。

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