爱上海

子升学长足下：

仆(pu)(pu)读(du)(du)(du)《中(zhong)庸》②，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)博学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。朱子(zi)(zi)补《大(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》③，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：即(ji)凡天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)因其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)益穷(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)(hu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)汲(ji)。表(biao)里(li)精粗无(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)，全体(ti)(ti)大(da)用无(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明矣(yi)(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)孔子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，谓(wei)博学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)，孟子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)博学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)详说(shuo)，窃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天经(jing)地(di)(di)义，学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宜(yi)遵循(xun)。闻黎(li)(li)君邵(shao)(shao)(shao)西(xi)(xi)〔4〕好(hao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，乃(nai)往询之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)若(ruo)(ruo)合(he)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)条(tiao)理(li)加(jia)详密焉(yan)(yan)，入(ru)手(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，又(you)甚(shen)备而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)完。吾(wu)(wu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黎(li)(li)君，感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)深(shen)，盖(gai)自(zi)有(you)(you)生至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)(jin)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)焉(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已。足(zu)下(xia)好(hao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)深(shen)思，闻其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)说(shuo)未备，嘱转(zhuan)说(shuo)述，但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)尽惟(wei)即(ji)耳。苟有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)，敢(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)效(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)左右，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)答盛意(yi)(yi)，致(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)恳(ken)恳(ken)邪！仆(pu)(pu)问(wen)邵(shao)(shao)(shao)西(xi)(xi)，学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)乌乎(hu)(hu)求(qiu)？学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校浊败，舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)就(jiu)深(shen)山(shan)(shan)幽(you)泉(quan)，读(du)(du)(du)古(gu)坟籍(ji)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)建其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)础，效(xiao)康氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、梁任公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，然(ran)(ran)后下(xia)山(shan)(shan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)涉其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)新。邵(shao)(shao)(shao)西(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)然(ran)(ran)，此(ci)(ci)先后倒置也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。盖(gai)通(tong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)专(zhuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)，新为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)，若(ruo)(ruo)政家、事功家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，尤贵肆应曲(qu)当(dang)(dang)。俾士(shi)马克(ke)〔5〕，通(tong)识(shi)(shi)最(zui)富者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。即(ji)今(jin)(jin)袁氏(shi)(shi)(shi)〔6〕，亦(yi)富于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)通(tong)识(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。错此(ci)(ci)则(ze)必(bi)败，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)例若(ruo)(ruo)王安石〔7〕，欲行(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)托于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)古(gu)，注(zhu)《周礼》〔8〕，作《字说(shuo)》，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)章(zhang)亦(yi)傲睨(ni)汉唐(tang)，如此(ci)(ci)可谓(wei)有(you)(you)专(zhuan)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)卒(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)败者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)通(tong)识(shi)(shi)，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)周知(zhi)社会(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)适之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)翻然(ran)(ran)塞其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妄(wang)想(xiang)，系其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校，惟(wei)通(tong)识(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)求(qiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具体(ti)(ti)耳，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)抽象则(ze)如何(he)？下(xia)手(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方则(ze)如何(he)？于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)邵(shao)(shao)(shao)西(xi)(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，国(guo)(guo)文(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，具清切(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)艺能(neng)(neng)(neng)，述通(tong)常(chang)(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)事，曲(qu)曲(qu)写之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)尽其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)妙，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。得(de)(de)(de)文(wen)章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)味，观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)古(gu)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)籍(ji)，各(ge)审其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)美(mei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)靡所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)阂，二也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)。长，今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)通(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。异，今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)奥(ao)(ao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)长者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，堆积冗(rong)复(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已，堆积冗(rong)复(fu)(fu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)；所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)异者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，佶(ji)聱闷(men)涩而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已，佶(ji)聱闷(men)涩，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奥(ao)(ao)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)求(qiu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阶梯，将(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)古(gu)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)籍(ji)，亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)知(zhi)与(yu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)焉(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)矣(yi)(yi)。历(li)史(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)往迹制今(jin)(jin)宜(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，公(gong)(gong)理(li)公(gong)(gong)例之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)急。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久，欲振其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)纲(gang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)挈(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)目，莫(mo)妙觅其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)巨夫伟人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。巨夫伟人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)代表(biao)，将(jiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前后当(dang)(dang)身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彻，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代，皆(jie)此(ci)(ci)代表(biao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附属品(pin)矣(yi)(yi)。观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)史(shi)，当(dang)(dang)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)裔，后观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)亚洲(zhou)史(shi)乃(nai)有(you)(you)根；观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)西(xi)(xi)洋(yang)史(shi)，当(dang)(dang)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)中(zhong)西(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比较，取(qu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外乃(nai)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)资(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)内也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。地(di)(di)理(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，空间之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)问(wen)题也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，历(li)史(shi)及百科(ke)(ke)，莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)根此(ci)(ci)。研究之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，地(di)(di)图为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)要(yao)(yao)；地(di)(di)图之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用，手(shou)填最(zui)切(qie)。地(di)(di)理(li)，采通(tong)识(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)多者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，报章(zhang)杂(za)志(zhi)皆(jie)归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。报章(zhang)杂(za)志(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)理(li)有(you)(you)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)；报章(zhang)杂(za)志(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)风(feng)俗(su)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)理(li)有(you)(you)风(feng)俗(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)。政治、军(jun)事、产业、交通(tong)、宗教(jiao)(jiao)等(deng)等(deng)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)理(li)范围之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内。今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)解此(ci)(ci)，泛泛然(ran)(ran)阅报章(zhang)杂(za)志(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)归，此(ci)(ci)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)系统者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。体(ti)(ti)操、图画、音(yin)乐、手(shou)工(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，技(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)美(mei)术的也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，君子(zi)(zi)假(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，养(yang)生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)焉(yan)(yan)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)奚假(jia)乎(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)？是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)须(xu)有(you)(you)条(tiao)理(li)有(you)(you)秩(zhi)序，紊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)条(tiao)理(li)秩(zhi)序，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姱吾(wu)(wu)心(xin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)缮(shan)吾(wu)(wu)性(xing)(xing)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)孰(shu)大(da)焉(yan)(yan)。养(yang)生奚假(jia)乎(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)？古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)，陶侃、克(ke)林(lin)(lin)威尔(er)(er)、华盛顿(dun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。陶侃运(yun)甓习劳，克(ke)将(jiang)军(jun)驱猎山(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)，华盛顿(dun)后园斫(zhuo)木〔9〕。盖(gai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)止(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)瘁(cui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)无(wu)(wu)(wu)止(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)止(zhi)(zhi)御无(wu)(wu)(wu)止(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)殆。圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，假(jia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)复(fu)(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神，使不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)瘁(cui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)，游(you)戏(xi)、手(shou)工(gong)、图画、音(yin)乐，美(mei)感教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。美(mei)感教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)现在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)世(shi)界达到(dao)实体(ti)(ti)世(shi)界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津梁见(jian)蔡(cai)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)民国(guo)(guo)元年(nian)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)方针〔10〕，故诸(zhu)科(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可阙。邵(shao)(shao)(shao)西(xi)(xi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)各(ge)科(ke)(ke)下(xia)手(shou)方法及其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用如此(ci)(ci)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又(you)介仆(pu)(pu)读(du)(du)(du)《群(qun)(qun)(qun)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)肄(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)·缮(shan)性(xing)(xing)篇(pian)》〔11〕，仆(pu)(pu)因取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)遍观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)竟(jing)，乃(nai)抚(fu)卷叹(tan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)(yi)！盖(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)名《群(qun)(qun)(qun)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)肆言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)限于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，作百科(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肄(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)三：其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)心(xin)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)相(xiang)对。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)物(wu)(wu)(wu)蔽，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)心(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)情瞀智(zhi)絯，心(xin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)相(xiang)对者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)诐、国(guo)(guo)拘、流梏(gu)、政惑、教(jiao)(jiao)辟。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三难(nan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，将(jiang)欲祛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)必(bi)缮(shan)性(xing)(xing)。缮(shan)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)有(you)(you)三科(ke)(ke)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)玄(xuan)间著(zhu)。玄(xuan)科(ke)(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，名、数二学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；间科(ke)(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、化学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；著(zhu)科(ke)(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，博物(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三科(ke)(ke)习，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后三难(nan)祛。心(xin)习姱，性(xing)(xing)灵(ling)缮(shan)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃(nai)可言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，络(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)理(li)生理(li)，关(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。吾(wu)(wu)谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)岂惟(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，德(de)(de)即(ji)寓乎(hu)(hu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)矣(yi)(yi)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)焉(yan)(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)蔽于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，瞀于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)情，絯于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)智(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又(you)无(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)诐、国(guo)(guo)拘、流梏(gu)、政惑、教(jiao)(jiao)辟诸(zhu)弊，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君子(zi)(zi)，尚待言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)哉(zai)！近每与(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，即(ji)介以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)切(qie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。足(zu)下(xia)有(you)(you)暇，可览观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)焉(yan)(yan)章(zhang)甫近阅此(ci)(ci)书(shu)(shu)(shu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)陈(chen)(chen)，凡分三者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)：初论专(zhuan)通(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先后，次言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)科(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研法，次述“群(qun)(qun)(qun)肄(yi)(yi)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可珍。然(ran)(ran)尚有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)(yao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。足(zu)下(xia)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)深(shen)注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)，仆(pu)(pu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)后者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，夫亦(yi)郑重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)云(yun)尔(er)(er)。国(guo)(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)则(ze)亦(yi)广矣(yi)(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义甚(shen)深(shen)，四(si)(si)(si)部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)〔12〕，上(shang)下(xia)半万(wan)(wan)载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纪述，穷(qiong)年(nian)竭智(zhi)，莫(mo)殚几(ji)何(he)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)向若(ruo)(ruo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)叹(tan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)！有(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，有(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，有(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)界人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，父子(zi)(zi)夫妇昆弟(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，布帛菽(shu)粟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)历(li)史(shi)、地(di)(di)理(li)、政教(jiao)(jiao)、艺俗(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)界人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，世(shi)界观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、国(guo)(guo)际学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。顾为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)易(yi)(yi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吾(wu)(wu)国(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)难(nan)。历(li)史(shi)半万(wan)(wan)载，地(di)(di)方七千(qian)里(li)，政教(jiao)(jiao)若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)繁邃，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)情风(feng)俗(su)若(ruo)(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)广复(fu)(fu)，将(jiang)恶(e)乎(hu)(hu)求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？吾(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)本，土(tu)疆三岛耳，吾(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)伊〔13〕，历(li)史(shi)才半纪，土(tu)地(di)(di)敌(di)吾(wu)(wu)二广省(sheng)耳，如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)！然(ran)(ran)则(ze)何(he)苦(ku)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)华民？顾吾(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)最(zui)急者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，国(guo)(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)常(chang)(chang)识(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。昔(xi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，欲通(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)，早通(tong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)经(jing)。今(jin)(jin)欲通(tong)国(guo)(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，亦(yi)早通(tong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)常(chang)(chang)识(shi)(shi)耳。首贵择书(shu)(shu)(shu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)必(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)孕群(qun)(qun)(qun)籍(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)抱万(wan)(wan)有(you)(you)。干(gan)(gan)(gan)振则(ze)枝披，将(jiang)麾则(ze)卒(zu)舞(wu)。如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，曾(ceng)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)“杂(za)钞”〔14〕其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庶几(ji)焉(yan)(yan)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)自(zi)隆(long)古(gu)，下(xia)迄清代，尽抡四(si)(si)(si)部精要(yao)(yao)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，如《吕刑(xing)》〔15〕一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)篇(pian)出(chu)(chu)自(zi)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)》，吾(wu)(wu)读(du)(du)(du)此(ci)(ci)篇(pian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)及于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)》，乃(nai)加(jia)详究焉(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)若(ruo)(ruo)干(gan)(gan)(gan)篇(pian)，吾(wu)(wu)遂及于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《书(shu)(shu)(shu)》全体(ti)(ti)矣(yi)(yi)。他(ta)经(jing)亦(yi)然(ran)(ran)。《伯夷列传》〔16〕一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)篇(pian)出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《史(shi)记(ji)》〔17〕，吾(wu)(wu)读(du)(du)(du)此(ci)(ci)篇(pian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)及于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《史(shi)记(ji)》，加(jia)详究焉(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《史(shi)记(ji)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)若(ruo)(ruo)干(gan)(gan)(gan)篇(pian)，吾(wu)(wu)遂及于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《史(shi)记(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全体(ti)(ti)矣(yi)(yi)。他(ta)史(shi)亦(yi)然(ran)(ran)。出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“子(zi)(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，自(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“子(zi)(zi)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)他(ta)“子(zi)(zi)”。出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“集”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，自(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“集”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)他(ta)“集”。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)国(guo)(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)常(chang)(chang)识(shi)(shi)罗于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)胸中(zhong)矣(yi)(yi)。此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)略也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)最(zui)忌一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陋字，行(xing)(xing)此(ci)(ci)庶几(ji)或免。仆(pu)(pu)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)曾(ceng)文(wen)正(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，四(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)科(ke)(ke)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)义理(li)，何(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二书(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主谓(wei)《论语》、《近思录》〔18〕，何(he)若(ruo)(ruo)干(gan)(gan)(gan)书(shu)(shu)(shu)辅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)考据亦(yi)然(ran)(ran)；曰(yue)(yue)(yue)词章(zhang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)经(jing)济亦(yi)然(ran)(ran)。与(yu)黎(li)(li)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)略合(he)。惟(wei)黎(li)(li)则(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)，此(ci)(ci)则(ze)四(si)(si)(si)宗。黎(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主，此(ci)(ci)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。国(guo)(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，统道(dao)与(yu)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。姚(yao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)“类纂”〔19〕畸于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)，曾(ceng)书(shu)(shu)(shu)则(ze)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)可贵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“演绎法”，察(cha)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)曲(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)全者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，执其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)微以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)会(hui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“中(zhong)心(xin)统辖法”，守其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)(de)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，施于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)内而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遍于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。各(ge)科(ke)(ke)皆(jie)可行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)独此(ci)(ci)科(ke)(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。吾(wu)(wu)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)有(you)(you)警焉(yan)(yan)！试一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)当(dang)(dang)世(shi)诸(zhu)老先生，若(ruo)(ruo)举人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、翰林(lin)(lin)、秀才之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)专(zhuan)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)精，若(ruo)(ruo)夫所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)常(chang)(chang)识(shi)(shi)，求(qiu)公(gong)(gong)例公(gong)(gong)理(li)，绳束古(gu)今(jin)(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贯，则(ze)能(neng)(neng)(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寡哉(zai)！斯宾塞尔(er)(er)〔20〕云(yun)，专(zhuan)攻(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〈学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)〉，每多暗于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)通(tong)宗，岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)哉(zai)！所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)陈(chen)(chen)词冗(rong)意(yi)(yi)单，掇粗漏精，既承(cheng)盛指，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)告，赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜祷(dao)幸。

泽东顿首

九月六日

根据手稿刊印。

注释

①此(ci)信无写(xie)作年份。信中所提“闻(wen)黎君(jun)邵西好(hao)学，乃往询之”之事(shi)，是在黎锦熙一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)五年9月离湘(xiang)赴京任(ren)事(shi)之前。又萧(xiao)子升一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)五年6月才(cai)从一(yi)师毕业。故推(tui)断此(ci)信当(dang)写(xie)于一(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)五年。　萧(xiao)子升，见本书(shu)第(di)17页注(zhu)②

②《中庸》，相(xiang)传为(wei)战国时子思(si)所作(zuo)。原为(wei)《礼记》中的一(yi)篇。宋程颐、朱熹将此篇与《大学》、《论语》、《孟子》合编，统称为(wei)“四书”。

③朱(zhu)子即朱(zhu)熹（1130—1200），宋徽州婺源（今属江西）人(ren)。著名理学(xue)家。补《大学(xue)》，指朱(zhu)熹所(suo)补“释(shi)格物致知之(zhi)义”一(yi)段(duan)。作者信中(zhong)所(suo)引之(zhi)句，原文为(wei)：“是以大学(xue)始教，必使(shi)学(xue)者即凡天下之(zhi)物，莫不因其已(yi)知之(zhi)理而(er)益穷之(zhi)，以求至乎其极。至于(yu)用力之(zhi)久，而(er)一(yi)旦(dan)豁然贯通焉，则众物之(zhi)表里精粗无(wu)(wu)不到，而(er)吾心(xin)之(zhi)全体(ti)大用无(wu)(wu)不明矣。”

〔4〕黎(li)邵西，也作劭(shao)西，即黎(li)锦熙(xi)，时在(zai)湖南省立第一师范学校任教。参(can)见本书第31页注②。

〔5〕俾士马克，今(jin)译俾斯(si)麦（1815—1898），普鲁(lu)士王国首相(xiang)和德意(yi)志帝国宰相(xiang)。

〔6〕袁氏(shi)，指袁世凯（1859—1916），字慰庭(ting)，号容庵，河南项城人。北洋(yang)(yang)军阀(fa)首领。1911年(nian)任内阁总理(li)大臣，1912年(nian)3月窃(qie)取中华民国(guo)临(lin)时大总统(tong)职位，在(zai)北京建立(li)北洋(yang)(yang)军阀(fa)政权。一(yi)九一(yi)五年(nian)接受(shou)日本提出的企图灭亡(wang)中国(guo)的“二(er)十一(yi)条”要求，宣布次年(nian)改元(yuan)“洪(hong)宪”，元(yuan)旦(dan)登皇帝(di)(di)位。由于遭到全国(guo)反对，1916年(nian)3月被迫撤消帝(di)(di)制。

〔7〕王安石（1021—1086），字介甫，宋(song)抚(fu)州临川（今属江西(xi)）人(ren)。北宋(song)仁宗(zong)嘉祐三(san)(san)年(nian)（1058年(nian)）上书，主张变法。为宣传(chuan)改革，曾著(zhu)《三(san)(san)经新(xin)义》（其中有《周官(guan)新(xin)义》）、《字说》（今不存）等(deng)书。所作(zuo)散文(wen)，雄健峭拔，为唐宋(song)八大家之一。

〔8〕《周礼》原名《周官(guan)(guan)》，或称《周官(guan)(guan)经》。儒家经典之一。

〔9〕陶(tao)侃（259—334），东晋庐江浔阳（今江西九江）人。曾为荆(jing)州(zhou)刺史、广州(zhou)刺史，封长(zhang)沙郡公。　克林威尔(er)，今译(yi)克伦威尔(er)（1599—1658），英格兰(lan)军人和政(zheng)治(zhi)家。1653年起任英格兰(lan)、苏格兰(lan)和爱尔(er)兰(lan)护国公。华(hua)盛顿（1732—1799），美国将(jiang)(jiang)军、政(zheng)治(zhi)家、首任总(zong)统。下面(mian)所说：“陶(tao)侃运甓习劳，克将(jiang)(jiang)军驱猎山林，华(hua)盛顿后园(yuan)斫木”，都是说他们不(bu)论地位(wei)高低，总(zong)不(bu)忘习劳励(li)志。

〔10〕蔡(cai)氏，指蔡(cai)元培（1868—1940），字鹤聊，号孑民(min)，浙江绍兴(xing)人。近代教育(yu)家。“民(min)国(guo)元年教育(yu)方(fang)针(zhen)”，指1912年蔡(cai)任南京临(lin)时政府教育(yu)总长时所发表的《对于教育(yu)方(fang)针(zhen)之意见》。

〔11〕《群学肄言(yan)》系(xi)严(yan)复将英国社会学家、哲学家斯(si)宾塞所著《社会学原理》摘译(yi)成(cheng)中文出版时所取(qu)名(ming)。缮性篇是其(qi)中的一篇。

〔12〕四部(bu)(bu)之篇，三国魏(wei)荀(xun)勖(xu)分(fen)(fen)书籍为甲部(bu)(bu)（六艺(yi)(yi)，小(xiao)学）、乙部(bu)(bu)（诸(zhu)子兵书，术学）、丙部(bu)(bu)（史记(ji)及其(qi)他记(ji)载）、丁部(bu)(bu)（诗赋图赞(zan)）四部(bu)(bu)；至晋李(li)充重分(fen)(fen)四部(bu)(bu)，定为经、史、子、集。隋唐以(yi)后经籍艺(yi)(yi)文分(fen)(fen)类，多(duo)用四部(bu)(bu)为序(xu)。也作(zuo)群书的通称。

〔13〕德伊，今(jin)译德意志。

〔14〕曾氏“杂(za)钞(chao)(chao)”，指(zhi)曾国(guo)藩所纂的《经史百(bai)家杂(za)钞(chao)(chao)》。

〔15〕《吕刑》，《尚书》中(zhong)的一篇。周穆王时有关刑罪的文告，因吕侯的请命而颁(ban)，故名。

〔16〕《伯(bo)夷列传(chuan)》，《史(shi)记(ji)(ji)》中(zhong)的一(yi)篇(pian)。记(ji)(ji)述武(wu)王灭商后，伯(bo)夷、叔(shu)齐兄弟二人不(bu)食(shi)周(zhou)粟(su)，饿死首阳山之事。

〔17〕《史记(ji)》，西汉司马迁撰，共130篇，为我国(guo)第一部(bu)纪传体史书。

〔18〕《论语》，孔子言行的(de)记录，为(wei)儒家经(jing)典之一。　《近思录》为(wei)南宋(song)朱(zhu)熹、吕(lv)祖谦合撰，共14卷。辑录北宋(song)周(zhou)敦颐(yi)、程(cheng)颐(yi)、程(cheng)颢(hao)和张(zhang)载的(de)言论，计(ji)622条(tiao)。

〔19〕姚氏“类(lei)纂”，指清姚鼐编(bian)辑的(de)《古文辞(ci)类(lei)纂》。

〔20〕斯宾塞尔(er)，今(jin)译(yi)斯宾塞（1820—1903），英国哲学(xue)家、社会学(xue)家、早(zao)期的进化论者。强调用(yong)科学(xue)方法研究社会现(xian)象。著《综合哲学(xue)》10卷，对生(sheng)物学(xue)、心理(li)学(xue)、人(ren)类学(xue)、社会学(xue)的发展影响甚大。

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