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湖南改造促成会复曾毅书

(一九(jiu)二○年(nian)六月二十三日)

作者:毛泽东 文章来源:伟人作品

曾毅先生阁下:.

惠书诵悉。名言(yan)谠论(lun),钦感莫(mo)(mo)名。湘(xiang)事(shi)糟透,皆由于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多数不(bu)能自(zi)(zi)觉(jue),不(bu)能奋起主张,有(you)话不(bu)说,有(you)意不(bu)伸,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)武人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)②,乃(nai)得乘(cheng)隙陵侮,据(ju)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)为地(di)(di)盘(pan),括民财归(gui)巳(si)〈己(ji)〉橐。往事(shi)我们不(bu)说,今后要(yao)义(yi),消极方面(mian)(mian),莫(mo)(mo)如废督裁兵;积极方面(mian)(mian),莫(mo)(mo)如建(jian)设民治。以(yi)现状观察,中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)二十(shi)年(nian)内(nei)(nei)无望民治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总建(jian)设。在(zai)(zai)此期内(nei)(nei),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)最好保境(jing)自(zi)(zi)治,划湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)为桃(tao)源,不(bu)知(zhi)以(yi)外(wai)尚(shang)有(you)他省(sheng),亦(yi)不(bu)知(zhi)尚(shang)有(you)中(zhong)央政(zheng)府,自(zi)(zi)处如一(yi)百年(nian)前北(bei)美诸州中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)州,自(zi)(zi)办教(jiao)育,自(zi)(zi)兴产(chan)业,自(zi)(zi)筑铁(tie)路(lu)、汽(qi)车(che)路(lu),充分发挥湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精神(shen),造(zao)一(yi)种湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)文(wen)明于(yu)(yu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)领域(yu)(yu)以(yi)内(nei)(nei)。非欲自(zi)(zi)处于(yu)(yu)小(xiao)部落也(ye)(ye),吾(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)舍此无致力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)四千年(nian)来(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)治,皆空架(jia)子,大(da)规模,大(da)办法,结(jie)(jie)果外(wai)强中(zhong)干,上实下(xia)虚,上冠冕(mian)堂(tang)皇,下(xia)无聊腐(fu)败。民国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成立(li)以(yi)来(lai),名士伟人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),大(da)闹其宪法、国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)会、总统(tong)制、内(nei)(nei)阁(ge)制,结(jie)(jie)果只有(you)愈闹愈糟。何者(zhe)(zhe)?建(jian)层楼于(yu)(yu)沙渚,不(bu)待建(jian)成而楼已(yi)倒(dao)矣(yi)。吾(wu)侪(chai)缩小(xiao)范围(wei),讲湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)自(zi)(zi)决(jue)自(zi)(zi)治。吾(wu)侪(chai)大(da)胆昌言(yan),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe)(zhe)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)。陆荣廷(ting)③也(ye)(ye)罢,唐继尧〔4〕也(ye)(ye)罢,段祺瑞(rui)〔5〕也(ye)(ye)罢,非湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)无正当职业之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),不(bu)得与闻湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)事(shi)°要(yao)说天经地(di)(di)义(yi),这才(cai)是天经地(di)(di)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)阻五岭,北(bei)极洞庭(ting),三(san)湘(xiang)七泽,惟楚有(you)材。自(zi)(zi)营(ying)食,自(zi)(zi)营(ying)衣(yi),自(zi)(zi)营(ying)住(zhu),斥其羡馀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茶米矿,换得大(da)洋及生活必须品。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)间天上,大(da)风泱泱,西方瑞(rui)士,东方日本(ben),虽曰夸言(yan)乎?得吾(wu)三(san)千万人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)齐努力,固(gu)不(bu)难(nan)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。舍基础而筑层楼,四千年(nian)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)。舍己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)而耘(yun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian),近(jin)年(nian)来(lai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)。吾(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主张“湘(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)决(jue)主义(yi)”,其意义(yi)并非部落主义(yi),又(you)非割据(ju)主义(yi),乃(nai)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)一(yi)块地(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)明,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)应自(zi)(zi)负其创(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)责(ze)任,不(bu)敢(gan)辞亦(yi)不(bu)能辞。与湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)文(wen)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)创(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)为对敌(di)者(zhe)(zhe),军(jun)阀(fa)也(ye)(ye),湘(xiang)粤桂巡阅使(shi)〔6〕也(ye)(ye),湘(xiang)鄂巡阅使(shi)〔7〕也(ye)(ye),护(hu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)军(jun)、靖国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)军(jun)、征南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)军(jun)〔8〕也(ye)(ye)。是等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敌(di)对者(zhe)(zhe),一(yi)律退出(chu)于(yu)(yu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)境(jing)地(di)(di)以(yi)外(wai),永无再入湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)境(jing)内(nei)(nei)与湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)对敌(di)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)得从容发展(zhan)其本(ben)性,创(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)其文(wen)明,此吾(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)谓湘(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)决(jue)主义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。

来(lai)书大(da)意:“湘人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自治(zhi),废督废兵(bing),超出(chu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)党争(zheng),建湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)为(wei)(wei)缓(huan)冲地(di)带”。名言(yan)至(zhi)(zhi)论(lun),大(da)赞(zan)成而(er)特赞(zan)成。至(zhi)(zhi)谓“不设一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)”,陈义(yi)(yi)(yi)甚高(gao),无(wu)可(ke)(ke)反(fan)对之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余地(di)。惟敝会主(zhu)张废除一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)守备队(dui)、镇(zhen)守使(shi),暂(zan)保存正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)纪律之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陆(lu)(lu)军(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)师。尊(zun)意乃欲不设陆(lu)(lu)军(jun),而(er)以警(jing)备队(dui)维持(chi)地(di)方秩序,名实(shi)未(wei)亏而(er)作用大(da)异。警(jing)备队(dui)者(zhe),土(tu)匪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友。土(tu)匪无(wu)警(jing)备队(dui)不得(de)(de)(de)枪(qiang),警(jing)备队(dui)无(wu)土(tu)匪不得(de)(de)(de)开(kai)差(cha)机会,不得(de)(de)(de)多(duo)量(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)开(kai)差(cha)费与乡村附带掠夺。正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)编制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陆(lu)(lu)军(jun),纪律较严,土(tu)匪有(you)(you)(you)些畏惧,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。陆(lu)(lu)军(jun)至(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)设一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)师,遍(bian)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)地(di)面设警(jing)备队(dui),则(ze)至(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)七(qi)八(ba)个(ge)司令,三(san)四个(ge)镇(zhen)守使(shi),兵(bing)额大(da)增,二也(ye)。虽然,犹有(you)(you)(you)进者(zhe),湘人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自决(jue)(jue)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi),固(gu)不是无(wu)抵抗(kang)(kang)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi),强(qiang)(qiang)暴(bao)(bao)复来(lai),可(ke)(ke)以任(ren)(ren)其(qi)(qi)(qi)宰(zai)割(ge)。强(qiang)(qiang)暴(bao)(bao)复来(lai)乎(hu),正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抵抗(kang)(kang),仍不可(ke)(ke)少(shao)(shao)也(ye)。湘人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自决(jue)(jue)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe),们罗主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)。湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不干涉外(wai)省事(shi),外(wai)省人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)亦切(qie)不可(ke)(ke)干涉湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)事(shi),有(you)(you)(you)干涉者(zhe)仍抵抗(kang)(kang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)陆(lu)(lu)军(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)设,顾到民(min)(min)力(li)(li),顾到土(tu)匪,复顾到至(zhi)(zhi)不得(de)(de)(de)已时抵抗(kang)(kang)强(qiang)(qiang)暴(bao)(bao),此则(ze)第(di)(di)三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理由也(ye)。呜乎(hu)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)!鬻熊开(kai)国(guo)〔9〕,稍(shao)启其(qi)(qi)(qi)封。曾(ceng)、左〔10〕吾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)民(min)(min),黄、蔡〔11〕邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模范。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蹶不振,至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)桂、粤窥其(qi)(qi)(qi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),滇(dian)、黔窥其(qi)(qi)(qi)西(xi),北(bei)(bei)洋派窥其(qi)(qi)(qi)北(bei)(bei),岳(yue)阳沦为(wei)(wei)北(bei)(bei)派驻防者(zhe)六(liu)年,长沙(sha)则(ze)屡(lv)践汤、傅、张〔12〕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)马蹄(ti)。谁(shei)实(shi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)不哀(ai)乎(hu)!然湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)虽死(si)(si),而(er)未(wei)尽死(si)(si)。至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)压之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既甚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,起(qi)为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)瞑不视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju)。驱(qu)汤芗铭(ming),驱(qu)傅良佐,驱(qu)张敬尧(yao),消(xiao)极的(de)破(po)坏(huai)冲决(jue)(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)(li),仍存在(zai)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)性之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。此后应注(zhu)意者(zhe),则(ze)积(ji)极的(de)建设之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)进行(xing),世界(jie)大(da)势之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)察,民(min)(min)治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敷施,文(wen)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宣传,教(jiao)育(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)造(zao)(zao),刻不容缓(huan)也(ye)。三(san)千(qian)万(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),则(ze)等于(yu)明治(zhi)改(gai)革〔13〕时日(ri)本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口也(ye)。地(di)理则(ze)较之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞(rui)士(shi)而(er)强(qiang)(qiang)也(ye)。多(duo)而(er)无(wu)当,大(da)而(er)无(wu)当,无(wu)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)瑞(rui)士(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)识能(neng)力(li)(li)与训练,空鼓(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)勇气,消(xiao)极的(de)少(shao)(shao)意识的(de)破(po)坏(huai)则(ze)能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),瑞(rui)士(shi)光(guang)华之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),日(ri)本(ben)(ben)充实(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦,终未(wei)能(neng)见于(yu)大(da)江流域之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)。阁下湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),来(lai)书所云(yun),对于(yu)湘事(shi),同(tong)此感怀。同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆平民(min)(min),湘事(shi)改(gai)造(zao)(zao),具见所刊宣言(yan)及改(gai)造(zao)(zao)条件之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)则(ze)自决(jue)(jue)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi),第(di)(di)二义(yi)(yi)(yi)则(ze)民(min)(min)治(zhi)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)。谭组(zu)庵(an)、赵炎午(wu)〔14〕诸(zhu)驱(qu)张将(jiang)上,劳苦功高(gao),乡邦英(ying)俊。此后希(xi)望(wang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)注(zhu)意者(zhe),第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)遵守自决(jue)(jue)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi),不引虎(hu)入(ru)室(shi),已入(ru)室(shi)将(jiang)入(ru)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虎(hu)又(you)能(neng)正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)拒(ju)而(er)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。第(di)(di)二能(neng)遵守民(min)(min)治(zhi)主(zhu)义(yi)(yi)(yi),自认为(wei)(wei)平民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),干净(jing)洗脱其(qi)(qi)(qi)丘八(ba)气、官(guan)僚(liao)气、绅士(shi)气,往后举(ju)措,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以三(san)千(qian)万(wan)平民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公意为(wei)(wei)从违。最重要者(zhe),废督裁(cai)兵(bing),钱不浪用,教(jiao)育(yu)力(li)(li)图普及,三(san)千(qian)万(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都有(you)(you)(you)言(yan)论(lun)、出(chu)版(ban)、集会、结社之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自由,此同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)最大(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)希(xi)望(wang)也(ye)。来(lai)函已付沪(hu)报发表(biao)。大(da)乱初勘〈戡〉,三(san)千(qian)万(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)要发言(yan),各出(chu)独到之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)张,共负改(gai)造(zao)(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)责任(ren)(ren)。先(xian)生更有(you)(you)(you)赐教(jiao),无(wu)任(ren)(ren)欢迎(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)。

湖南改造促成会

六月二十三日

上海哈同路民厚南里二(er)十九号(hao)

根(gen)据1920年6月28日上海《申报》刊印。

注释

①湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)改(gai)造(zao)促成(cheng)会(hui)(hui),是(shi)为筹划驱除湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)督(du)军兼省(sheng)长(zhang)张(zhang)(zhang)敬尧(yao)后改(gai)造(zao)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)大计的群众性政治团体(ti),由(you)彭(peng)璜、毛(mao)泽(ze)(ze)东(dong)等新民(min)(min)学(xue)(xue)会(hui)(hui)会(hui)(hui)员发(fa)起。本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)(wen)(wen)是(shi)以(yi)“湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)改(gai)造(zao)促成(cheng)会(hui)(hui)”名义(yi)写给老(lao)同盟会(hui)(hui)员、上(shang)海报(bao)(bao)人曾(ceng)(ceng)毅的一封回(hui)信。此信于1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月28日(ri)(ri)(ri)分别在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)海《申报(bao)(bao)》和《民(min)(min)国(guo)日(ri)(ri)(ri)报(bao)(bao)》发(fa)表,同年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月6、7两日(ri)(ri)(ri),湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)《大公报(bao)(bao)》以(yi)《湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)改(gai)造(zao)促成(cheng)会(hui)(hui)对于“湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)改(gai)造(zao)”之主(zhu)张(zhang)(zhang)》为题再次发(fa)表。毛(mao)泽(ze)(ze)东(dong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)《打破没有基础的大中(zhong)国(guo)建设(she)许多的中(zhong)国(guo)从湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)做起》一文(wen)(wen)(wen)中(zhong),有“我在(zai)(zai)(zai)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)改(gai)造(zao)促成(cheng)会(hui)(hui)答曾(ceng)(ceng)毅书(shu)中(zhong)说”等语,据此,本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)(wen)(wen)当为毛(mao)泽(ze)(ze)东(dong)所(suo)写。此文(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)海《申报(bao)(bao)》刊登时(shi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)前加有“对于‘湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)改(gai)造(zao)’之主(zhu)张(zhang)(zhang)”内容提要。在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)海《民(min)(min)国(guo)日(ri)(ri)(ri)报(bao)(bao)》刊登时(shi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)前亦加有“复曾(ceng)(ceng)毅书(shu)”、“主(zhu)张(zhang)(zhang)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)们罗主(zhu)义(yi)”的内容提要。本(ben)(ben)(ben)文(wen)(wen)(wen)标点为本(ben)(ben)(ben)书(shu)编者所(suo)加。 曾(ceng)(ceng)毅(1879—1953),原(yuan)名曾(ceng)(ceng)纬,字松乔,别号松父、松翘、湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)汉寿县人。早(zao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)留学(xue)(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben),1906年(nian)(nian)(nian)经(jing)宋教仁介绍加入同盟会(hui)(hui)。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)汉口主(zhu)办(ban)《民(min)(min)国(guo)日(ri)(ri)(ri)报(bao)(bao)》,不(bu)久,该(gai)报(bao)(bao)被查封,曾(ceng)(ceng)等被捕(bu)入狱(yu)。被保释出(chu)狱(yu)后,1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)再次留学(xue)(xue)日(ri)(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)回(hui)国(guo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)海主(zhu)办(ban)《中(zhong)华新报(bao)(bao)》。1919年(nian)(nian)(nian)底,到南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)河海工程学(xue)(xue)院任国(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)教授。第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)又经(jing)广州到了长(zhang)沙。

②南(nan)北(bei)武人,指北(bei)洋军阀和西南(nan)各省地方军阀。

③陆荣廷,见本书第47页注〔13〕。

〔4〕唐继(ji)尧,见本(ben)书第(di)484页(ye)注(zhu)〔4〕。

〔5〕段祺(qi)瑞,见本书第54页注〔4〕。

〔6〕1917年11月,湘粤桂巡阅使(shi)为陆荣廷。以陆为首的桂系军阀当(dang)时占(zhan)有湖南、广东、广西三(san)省地盘。

〔7〕北京政府曾授予湖(hu)北督军王占元湘鄂(e)巡阅使(shi)职,以(yi)图控制湖(hu)北、湖(hu)南两(liang)省。

〔8〕护(hu)国(guo)(guo)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),指(zhi)袁(yuan)世凯筹备复辟帝制时,蔡锷、李烈钧、唐继(ji)(ji)尧(yao)等(deng)(deng)于(yu)一(yi)九一(yi)五年12月(yue)25日在云南所组(zu)织(zhi)的(de)讨袁(yuan)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)。 靖(jing)(jing)国(guo)(guo)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),指(zhi)1917年滇、陕等(deng)(deng)省(sheng)(sheng)组(zu)织(zhi)的(de)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)。是年9月(yue),孙中山等(deng)(deng)在广州组(zu)织(zhi)护(hu)法(fa)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)政(zheng)府时,云南督军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)唐继(ji)(ji)尧(yao)曾通电赞(zan)成护(hu)法(fa),但又独树一(yi)帜,以(yi)维护(hu)《临时约法(fa)》、“奠国(guo)(guo)家之基(ji)础”为(wei)(wei)名(ming),将部队(dui)编为(wei)(wei)靖(jing)(jing)国(guo)(guo)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),自称滇川黔靖(jing)(jing)国(guo)(guo)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)总司令。后(hou)陕西(xi)等(deng)(deng)省(sheng)(sheng)亦相继(ji)(ji)成立(li)靖(jing)(jing)国(guo)(guo)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。1921年唐取消靖(jing)(jing)国(guo)(guo)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)名(ming)义(yi)。陕西(xi)等(deng)(deng)省(sheng)(sheng)靖(jing)(jing)国(guo)(guo)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也先后(hou)解(jie)散。 征南军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),指(zhi)北(bei)京(jing)政(zheng)府冯国(guo)(guo)璋、段祺瑞于(yu)1918年征战南方各省(sheng)(sheng)、以(yi)实现“武力统(tong)一(yi)”中国(guo)(guo)时,所组(zu)织(zhi)的(de)北(bei)洋军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)。

〔9〕鬻熊开(kai)国(guo),湖南省在春秋、战国(guo)时为楚国(guo)地域,鬻熊为楚之先(xian)祖。

〔10〕曾(ceng)、左,指曾(ceng)国藩、左宗棠。曾(ceng)国藩,见本书第9页注②。 左宗棠(1812—1885),字季高,湖(hu)南湘阴(yin)人(ren)。清末湘军军阀(fa)、洋务派代表人(ren)物。1875年(nian)被(bei)任命为钦差大(da)臣,督办新疆军务。1876年(nian)统(tong)大(da)军入疆,收复失地,阻遏英(ying)、俄侵略有功。中(zhong)法战(zhan)争时(shi),督办福建军务,力主出(chu)兵(bing)抗法。

〔11〕黄(huang)(huang)、蔡、指(zhi)黄(huang)(huang)兴、蔡锷。分别见本书(shu)第(di)(di)48页(ye)注(zhu)〔22〕和第(di)(di)55页(ye)注(zhu)〔14〕。

〔12〕汤、傅、张,指汤芗铭、傅良佐、张敬尧,分别见本书第46页(ye)(ye)注(zhu)②、第485页(ye)(ye)注(zhu)〔7〕、第482页(ye)(ye)注(zhu)③。

〔13〕明治改革,即明治维新,日(ri)本近代(dai)史上的资(zi)产阶级(ji)改革运动(dong)。时值明治天(tian)皇(huang)在位(wei),故名(ming)。

〔14〕谭(tan)(tan)组庵,即谭(tan)(tan)延闿,见本(ben)书第485页(ye)注〔6〕。 赵炎午,即赵恒惕(1880—1971),字彝五,也作炎午,湖南(nan)衡山人。早年(nian)留(liu)学日本(ben)学习军事。回(hui)国后(hou)(hou)历任(ren)广(guang)西常备军协统(tong)、广(guang)西督(du)练公所会办。1913年(nian)“二(er)次革(ge)命(ming)”失败后(hou)(hou),遭(zao)袁世(shi)凯(kai)逮(dai)捕,经谭(tan)(tan)延闿调解(jie)获释,返(fan)湘后(hou)(hou)任(ren)师长。时任(ren)湘军总司令。

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