石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)头(tou)(tou)(tou)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)是贵州的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)布(bu)依(yi)族村(cun)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)，南距黄果(guo)树大瀑布(bu)约(yue)6公里(li)(li)。传说是600年前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)伍(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)依(yi)人到此(ci)定居(ju)逐步繁衍而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。这里(li)(li)整寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)不(bu)见一(yi)(yi)(yi)砖一(yi)(yi)(yi)瓦，房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)块砌(qi)墙，以(yi)片(pian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为瓦，院落(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墙垣、寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通道、村(cun)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小桥、梯(ti)田的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堡坎也都(dou)(dou)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)头(tou)(tou)(tou)修筑，家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)具(ju)，如(ru)碓、磨(mo)、钵、槽、缸，全(quan)是用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)头(tou)(tou)(tou)做成(cheng)(cheng)。到了这里(li)(li)仿佛进(jin)入“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)头(tou)(tou)(tou)王国”。②石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)头(tou)(tou)(tou)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)依(yi)山(shan)(shan)傍水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，四(si)周有(you)(you)(you)秀丽挺拔(ba)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)群山(shan)(shan)，寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)前(qian)田连(lian)阡陌，寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)后(hou)绿(lv)树成(cheng)(cheng)荫，寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)边有(you)(you)(you)宽阔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)头(tou)(tou)(tou)河(he)，河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清澈见底，常见游鱼成(cheng)(cheng)群，互相(xiang)追逐。河(he)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)30多(duo)(duo)米(mi)长(zhang)、5米(mi)宽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五孔石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)桥，弧形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拱与(yu)倒(dao)影连(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)个(ge)(ge)圆(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)门(men)，对(dui)岸(an)绿(lv)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)青山(shan)(shan)，分别(bie)映在(zai)(zai)(zai)圆(yuan)洞(dong)里(li)(li)，正如(ru)五幅(fu)不(bu)同画面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)彩屏(ping)。竹(zhu)林、果(guo)树相(xiang)间(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)岸(an)边，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)阳光辉(hui)映下，如(ru)片(pian)片(pian)白云，散落(luo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)青山(shan)(shan)绿(lv)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)间(jian)(jian)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)派(pai)独特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)村(cun)美(mei)景。③石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)头(tou)(tou)(tou)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)布(bu)局、结(jie)构(gou)和造(zao)型极具(ju)特(te)色。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)沿着一(yi)(yi)(yi)座岩(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嶙峋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)坡(po)自上(shang)而(er)下修建(jian)(jian)，层(ceng)层(ceng)叠(die)叠(die)，鳞次(ci)栉(zhi)比，依(yi)山(shan)(shan)林立(li)，布(bu)局井然(ran)有(you)(you)(you)序(xu)。有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)门(men)朝向一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，一(yi)(yi)(yi)排排参差并列(lie)；有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)组成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)正两厢院落(luo)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)幢(chuang)幢(chuang)纵横交错(cuo)；有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砌(qi)围墙，由一(yi)(yi)(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拱朝门(men)进(jin)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)单独院落(luo)。村(cun)头(tou)(tou)(tou)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)边的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)林柳荫下，还安(an)置了许多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凳石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)椅(yi)。房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)瓦一(yi)(yi)(yi)砖，用(yong)(yong)木(mu)料(liao)作(zuo)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)架(jia)，屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)架(jia)有(you)(you)(you)7柱(zhu)(zhu)、9柱(zhu)(zhu)、11柱(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)等，无论是三间(jian)(jian)或是五间(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)幢(chuang)，中(zhong)间(jian)(jian)多(duo)(duo)作(zuo)堂屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，下为实地(di)(di)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)，左(zuo)右两边多(duo)(duo)作(zuo)卧室(shi)，上(shang)铺地(di)(di)板，下为“地(di)(di)下室(shi)”关牲口，结(jie)构(gou)紧(jin)(jin)凑合理(li)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)时，首先用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)头(tou)(tou)(tou)砌(qi)好两个(ge)(ge)较高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)基(ji)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)2米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)，然(ran)后(hou)将(jiang)木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)架(jia)立(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)边。正因为屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)基(ji)较高(gao)(gao)，家(jia)(jia)家(jia)(jia)都(dou)(dou)得(de)砌(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阶进(jin)门(men)。房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)架(jia)立(li)好后(hou)，就(jiu)(jiu)砌(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墙四(si)面(mian)(mian)封山(shan)(shan)，用(yong)(yong)薄石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板盖(gai)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)间(jian)(jian)隔(ge)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)支撑(cheng)。这些房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墙，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)块石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、垫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)垒砌(qi)或浆砌(qi)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)锤(chui)针剔打(da)平整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)料(liao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)砌(qi)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)乱石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堆砌(qi)再用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰或混凝(ning)生在(zai)(zai)(zai)墙面(mian)(mian)勾缝(feng)成(cheng)(cheng)虎(hu)皮墙。砌(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接缝(feng)紧(jin)(jin)密，线条(tiao)层(ceng)次(ci)匀(yun)称，工艺精湛，房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)造(zao)型美(mei)观大方。④由于附近(jin)多(duo)(duo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)层(ceng)页岩(yan)，提供了天然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)资(zi)源，加上(shang)长(zhang)期(qi)建(jian)(jian)筑实践中(zhong)造(zao)就(jiu)(jiu)了大批的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能工巧(qiao)匠(jiang)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)建(jian)(jian)筑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平得(de)以(yi)不(bu)断提高(gao)(gao)。就(jiu)(jiu)地(di)(di)取材(cai)(cai)盖(gai)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)这些石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，不(bu)仅造(zao)价低廉，节(jie)约(yue)木(mu)材(cai)(cai)，不(bu)怕火灾，而(er)且舒适(shi)耐用(yong)(yong)，冬暖(nuan)夏凉，间(jian)(jian)隔(ge)性(xing)强。特(te)别(bie)是不(bu)用(yong)(yong)烧砖瓦，节(jie)约(yue)土地(di)(di)、节(jie)约(yue)能源等优点(dian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)直受(shou)到专家(jia)(jia)们的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)称赞(zan)。（本文有(you)(you)(you)删改）
15．认真阅读本文后(hou)，请根据自己的理解，在(zai)下面表(biao)格内A、B、C、D、E、F、G处分别填(tian)上恰当的内容(rong)。（9分）
|
石 头 寨 |
文章 结构 |
文章 段落 |
说明对象 |
说明语言 |
事物特点 |
说明顺序 |
画线句的 说明方法 |
|
A |
段① |
地理位置、历史 沿革争主要特点 |
平实说明 |
／ |
／ |
／ | |
|
B |
段② |
自然环境 |
生动说明 |
依山傍水 美丽独特 |
F |
G | |
|
段③ |
C |
／ |
E |
／ |
／ | ||
|
段④ |
资源优势与建筑 的性能特点 |
D |
／ |
／ |
／ |
16．联系自己的生活阅历任意选择一个对象，并根据下面提供的句式，写一段说明或描写性文字。（答案中不能出现与考生相关的区域名、学校名和人名等信息；并非仿写本文中的句子）（5分）
句式：
很有特色。有的 ；有的 ；还有的 。真是 !这些都给人留下了深刻的印象。
参考答案：
15．（9分）A：总说（总写）B：分说（分写）C：石屋的布局、结构和造型D：平实说明 E：井然有序、紧凑合理、美观大方 F：空间顺序C：打比方 （除C、E两项各2分外，其余各项均为1分。）
16．(5分(fen))参考示例(li)：①贵(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)瀑(pu)布很(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)特色。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)高大宽(kuan)阔，飞流(liu)直下(xia)；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)滑流(liu)淙淙，白练挂壁；还(hai)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)由好几个瀑(pu)布连贯(guan)而成，跌(die)宕起伏(fu)。真(zhen)是多姿多彩！②贵(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)地(di)名(ming)很(hen)(hen)有(you)(you)特色。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)与动物有(you)(you)关(guan)，如马场、牛场；有(you)(you)的(de)(de)与军(jun)事战略有(you)(you)关(guan)，如镇远、镇宁；还(hai)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)与地(di)理(li)标志有(you)(you)关(guan)，如贵(gui)阳、盘(pan)江。真(zhen)是妙趣横生！ （不能引用(yong)文中的(de)(de)句(ju)子；只要符合句(ju)式要求，合乎情理(li)，语(yu)言通(tong)顺即可）
