“自贡盐业历史”中考主题阅读附答案
实用类文(wen)本(ben)阅读(du)(本(ben)题(ti)共3小题(ti),10分(fen))阅读(du)下面的文(wen)字(zi),完成(cheng)6-8题(ti)。
材料一
自(zi)贡(gong)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)业始于东汉章帝时,今富顺县城关镇出现富义盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。北周武帝时今贡(gong)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)区的(de)(de)大公井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闻名于世(shi)(shi)(shi),与改名为(wei)富世(shi)(shi)(shi)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)富义盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)并著称于蜀。经隋唐两代发展,至宋初,自(zi)贡(gong)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)产(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)约占(zhan)(zhan)全川十分之一。北宋庆历年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)间,卓筒井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)问世(shi)(shi)(shi),采用顿钻凿(zao)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)开采由人力挖掘转变为(wei)机(ji)械凿(zao)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),生产(chan)(chan)(chan)力极(ji)大提高(gao),南宋末,富顺县岁煮盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)增(zeng)至117万(wan)多斤(jin)。明嘉靖18年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至33年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1539-1554),自(zi)流井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)被开发,形成新的(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)(chan)区,天然气用于制盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。道光年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)间,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)至3000万(wan)公斤(jin)。此(ci)时,凿(zao)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)技术(shu)完善,盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)深增(zeng)加。道光十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1835),燊(shen)海井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)钻至1001.42米(mi),为(wei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界第一口超千米(mi)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。咸丰三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1853),太平天国运动兴起,淮盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不能入(ru)楚,食(shi)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)供(gong)应短缺,盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)课(ke)收入(ru)锐减,军饷困(kun)难。为(wei)解决(jue)困(kun)难,户部(bu)议准“川粤盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)斤(jin)入(ru)楚”。川盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)济(ji)楚,使自(zi)贡(gong)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)业步入(ru)鼎盛(sheng)时期,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)产(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)近20万(wan)吨,占(zhan)(zhan)全川产(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)一半(ban)以(yi)上,自(zi)贡(gong)成为(wei)四川井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)业的(de)(de)中心(xin),被称为(wei)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都(dou)。
(摘(zhai)编(bian)自《自贡市志》)
材料二
自(zi)(zi)贡(gong)井(jing)盐(yan)因品质卓越而闻名(ming)遐(xia)迩,井(jing)盐(yan)原料均(jun)(jun)采自(zi)(zi)千米(mi)以(yi)下侏罗(luo)纪地(di)质年代地(di)层(ceng)中,富含各类天然矿物元素(su),杂质少且远离(li)污染,更(geng)纯净,品质好(hao)。据记载(zai),在自(zi)(zi)贡(gong)所属55平方公里土地(di)上,历代盐(yan)工先后钻(zuan)井(jing)13000多(duo)口,有的(de)(de)(de)井(jing)深达(da)(da)1000米(mi),即使以(yi)平均(jun)(jun)300米(mi)计,等于凿穿了(le)400多(duo)座珠(zhu)穆朗玛(ma)峰。清道光十五年(1835)钻(zuan)出的(de)(de)(de)深达(da)(da)千米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)燊海(hai)井(jing),是(shi)至今仍(reng)在使用的(de)(de)(de)卤水(shui)伴天然气盐(yan)井(jing)。燊海(hai)井(jing)的(de)(de)(de)成功开(kai)(kai)凿,揭开(kai)(kai)了(le)这块三叠纪嘉陵江石灰岩地(di)层(ceng)沉默2亿年的(de)(de)(de)惊人秘密:全(quan)球(qiu)最(zui)优(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)贡(gong)黑(hei)卤水(shui),“含有27种(zhong)微量元素(su)和40余种(zhong)常量元素(su)”,被誉为地(di)球(qiu)生命之(zhi)水(shui)!燊海(hai)井(jing)所代表的(de)(de)(de)中国古(gu)代钻(zuan)井(jing)技术(shu)开(kai)(kai)创了(le)西方顿钻(zuan)钻(zuan)井(jing)法的(de)(de)(de)先河。
(摘编(bian)自(zi)《自(zi)贡井盐——2000年(nian)开(kai)采2亿年(nian)的沉淀(dian)》,光明网(wang)2023年(nian)9月(yue)14日(ri))
材料三
第二次“川(chuan)盐济(ji)楚”发(fa)生(sheng)在抗日(ri)战争时期。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian),沿海一(yi)带相继沦陷,海盐生(sheng)产(chan)备受破坏,盐运(yun)受阻(zu)。湖南、湖北等省海盐销售(shou)区(qu)急需川(chuan)盐济(ji)销。为此国民政府财(cai)政部于1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月明令川(chuan)盐增产(chan),并提出“增加产(chan)量(liang)首先从富荣两场着手”,要求自(zi)贡(gong)盐场年(nian)(nian)(nian)产(chan)食盐增加300万担,比1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)327万担将近(jin)翻一(yi)番。为适(shi)应经济(ji)发(fa)展(zhan)的(de)需要和(he)战时军需民食及支援抗战,国民政府在1939年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月1日(ri),划出富顺(shun)县第五(wu)区(qu)和(he)荣县第二区(qu)的(de)产(chan)盐区(qu),取自(zi)流(liu)井和(he)贡(gong)井第一(yi)字合(he)称,建立自(zi)贡(gong)市。1937至(zhi)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)间,自(zi)贡(gong)盐场生(sheng)产(chan)食盐将近(jin)两百(bai)万吨,供(gong)给了全国十分之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)人(ren)口(kou)食用,上交盐税21亿(yi)。
(摘编(bian)自“百度百科”)
1.下列关于自贡盐业历史的相关理解,不正(zheng)确的一项是( )
A.自贡的(de)采卤制盐史,可上溯到东汉(han)章帝时期,经历代(dai)发展,在清(qing)代(dai)步入鼎(ding)盛。
B.自贡井(jing)(jing)盐的开采技术,在北宋时期实现了由人力挖掘向机械凿(zao)井(jing)(jing)的重(zhong)大转变。
C.明朝(chao)嘉靖时期天(tian)然气被用(yong)于制盐,卤水伴天(tian)然气制盐的卓(zhuo)筒井至(zhi)今还在使用(yong)。
D.自贡(gong)两次以盐“济楚”,既满足了战时军需民用,又促进了自贡(gong)盐业发(fa)展(zhan)。
2.根据(ju)材料(liao)内(nei)容,下列(lie)说法(fa)正确的(de)一项是( )
A.燊海井是世(shi)界最深的盐井,其所创顿钻(zuan)凿井技(ji)术开创了西(xi)方顿钻(zuan)钻(zuan)井法(fa)的先(xian)河。
B.自贡(gong)井(jing)盐都使用(yong)的黑卤水(shui),含丰(feng)富微量元素(su)和常量元素(su),被誉为地球生命之水(shui)。
C.自(zi)贡(gong)井盐产量(liang)随着制盐技术革新不断增(zeng)加,抗战时期,产量(liang)已占全(quan)国十(shi)分之一(yi)。
D.自贡盐业(ye)发展的(de)历(li)史,展现了盐都人民的(de)勤(qin)劳与智慧,蕴蓄着(zhe)深厚的(de)家国情(qing)怀。
3.请结合材料内容,简要(yao)概括自贡被(bei)誉为“千(qian)年盐都”的原因。
【参考答案】
1.C
【解析】结合材料二“清道光十五年(1835)钻出的深达千米的燊海井,是(shi)至今仍在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)的卤水伴天(tian)然气盐井”可知(zhi),应(ying)是(shi)燊海井,不是(shi)卓(zhuo)筒井;
…【请点此查看完整答案(答案页第二页No.10)】…盐(yan)(yan)(yan)量占全川产量一(yi)半(ban)以上,自贡(gong)成为四川井(jing)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)业的中心,被称为盐(yan)(yan)(yan)都;③自贡(gong)井(jing)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)质卓越、闻名遐(xia)迩,燊海井(jing)至(zhi)今仍在使用,其(qi)所创顿钻凿井(jing)技术开创了(le)西方顿钻钻井(jing)法的先河;④自贡(gong)两次以盐(yan)(yan)(yan)“济楚(chu)”,展现了(le)盐(yan)(yan)(yan)都人民的勤劳与智慧,蕴蓄着(zhe)深厚的家国情怀。