晋书--列传第十一
魏舒 李憙 刘寔(shi) 高光
魏舒(shu)(shu)(shu),字阳元(yuan),任城樊人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。少孤,为(wei)外(wai)家宁氏(shi)所(suo)养(yang)。宁氏(shi)起宅(zhai),相(xiang)宅(zhai)者云:“当(dang)(dang)出贵甥。”外(wai)祖母以魏氏(shi)甥小(xiao)而慧,意谓应之(zhi)。舒(shu)(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue):“当(dang)(dang)为(wei)外(wai)氏(shi)成此宅(zhai)相(xiang)。”久乃别居。身长八尺二寸,姿望秀(xiu)伟,饮酒石余,而迟钝质朴,不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)乡亲所(suo)重(zhong)。从叔(shu)父吏(li)部郎衡,有名当(dang)(dang)世(shi),亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)知(zhi),使(shi)守水碓(dui),每叹曰(yue)(yue):“舒(shu)(shu)(shu)堪数百户长,我愿(yuan)毕(bi)矣!”舒(shu)(shu)(shu)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)以介意。不(bu)(bu)(bu)修常(chang)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)节,不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)皎历之(zhi)事,每欲容才(cai)长物(wu),终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)显人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)短。性(xing)好骑射(she),著韦衣。入山泽,以渔猎为(wei)事。唯太原王(wang)(wang)乂谓舒(shu)(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue):“卿终(zhong)当(dang)(dang)为(wei)台辅,然今未能令(ling)妻子免饥寒(han),吾当(dang)(dang)助卿营(ying)之(zhi)。”常(chang)振其(qi)匮乏,舒(shu)(shu)(shu)受而不(bu)(bu)(bu)辞。舒(shu)(shu)(shu)尝诣野王(wang)(wang),主人(ren)(ren)妻夜产,俄而闻(wen)车马之(zhi)声(sheng),相(xiang)问曰(yue)(yue):“男也(ye)(ye),女也(ye)(ye)?”曰(yue)(yue):“男,书(shu)之(zhi),十五(wu)以兵(bing)死(si)(si)。”复问:“寝者为(wei)谁?”曰(yue)(yue):“魏公(gong)舒(shu)(shu)(shu)。”后十五(wu)载,诣主人(ren)(ren),问所(suo)生兒何(he)在,曰(yue)(yue):“因条桑(sang)为(wei)斧伤而死(si)(si)。”舒(shu)(shu)(shu)自知(zhi)当(dang)(dang)为(wei)公(gong)矣。
年四十余,郡(jun)上计(ji)掾察孝廉。宗党以舒(shu)无学业(ye),劝令(ling)不就,可以为高耳。舒(shu)曰:“若试而不中(zhong),其(qi)负(fu)在(zai)我,安(an)可虚窃不就之高以为己荣乎!”于是自(zi)课。百日习一经,因(yin)而对策升第。除(chu)渑(mian)池长,迁浚仪令(ling),入为尚(shang)书郎。时欲沙汰郎官。非其(qi)才者(zhe)罢之。舒(shu)曰:“吾即其(qi)人也。”襆被而出。同(tong)僚素无清论(lun)者(zhe)咸有愧(kui)色,谈(tan)者(zhe)称之。
累(lei)迁(qian)后(hou)(hou)将军钟(zhong)毓长史,毓每与参(can)佐射(she),舒(shu)(shu)常为画筹(chou)而(er)已。后(hou)(hou)遇朋(peng)人不足(zu),以(yi)舒(shu)(shu)满数。毓初不知其善射(she)。舒(shu)(shu)容范闲雅,发无不中(zhong),举坐(zuo)愕然。莫有(you)敌(di)者(zhe)。毓叹而(er)谢(xie)曰(yue):“吾之不足(zu)以(yi)尽卿才,有(you)如此射(she)矣(yi),岂一(yi)(yi)事哉!”转相(xiang)国(guo)参(can)军,封剧阳(yang)子。府朝(chao)(chao)碎务,未尝见是(shi)非;至于废兴大事,众人莫能(neng)断(duan)者(zhe),舒(shu)(shu)徐(xu)为筹(chou)之,多出众议(yi)之表。文(wen)帝深器(qi)重之,每朝(chao)(chao)会坐(zuo)罢,目(mu)送之曰(yue):“魏舒(shu)(shu)堂堂,人之领袖也。”迁(qian)宜阳(yang)、荥阳(yang)二郡太(tai)守(shou),甚有(you)声称(cheng)。征拜(bai)散(san)骑常侍。出为冀州刺史,在(zai)州三(san)年,以(yi)简惠(hui)称(cheng)。入为侍中(zhong)。武(wu)帝以(yi)舒(shu)(shu)清素,特赐绢百(bai)匹(pi)。迁(qian)尚(shang)书,以(yi)公(gong)事当免(mian)官,诏以(yi)赎论。舒(shu)(shu)三(san)娶妻皆亡,是(shi)岁自(zi)表乞假还本郡葬妻,诏赐葬地一(yi)(yi)顷,钱五十万。
太康初(chu),拜(bai)(bai)右(you)(you)仆射。舒与(yu)卫瓘、山涛、张华等(deng)以六合混(hun)一,宜用古典封禅(shan)东岳,前(qian)后累(lei)陈(chen)其事,帝谦让不许。以舒为左仆射,领(ling)吏(li)部。舒上言:“今选六宫,聘以玉帛,而(er)旧使御府丞奉聘,宣成(cheng)嘉礼,贽重使轻。以为拜(bai)(bai)三(san)夫人宜使卿(qing),九嫔(pin)使五官中郎将,美(mei)人、良人使谒者,于典制为弘。”有诏详(xiang)之,众议异同,遂寝。加(jia)右(you)(you)光(guang)禄大夫、仪(yi)同三(san)司(si)。
及山涛薨(hong),以(yi)(yi)舒(shu)(shu)(shu)领司(si)徒,有顷即真。舒(shu)(shu)(shu)有威重(zhong)德(de)望,禄赐(ci)(ci)(ci)散之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)族(zu),家(jia)无余财。陈留周震(zhen)累为诸府所(suo)辟,辟书(shu)既(ji)下(xia)(xia),公辄(zhe)丧亡,佥(qian)号(hao)震(zhen)为杀(sha)公掾,莫有辟者(zhe)(zhe)。舒(shu)(shu)(shu)乃命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)竟(jing)无患,识者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)此称(cheng)(cheng)其达命(ming)。以(yi)(yi)年老,每称(cheng)(cheng)疾(ji)(ji)逊(xun)位(wei)。中复暂起(qi),署兗(yan)州中正(zheng),寻又称(cheng)(cheng)疾(ji)(ji)。尚书(shu)左丞郤诜与舒(shu)(shu)(shu)书(shu)曰:“公久(jiu)疾(ji)(ji)小差,视(shi)事是(shi)也,唯(wei)上(shang)所(suo)念。何竟(jing)起(qi)讫还卧,曲身回法(fa),甚失(shi)具瞻(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望。公少立巍(wei)巍(wei),一旦弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可不惜哉!”舒(shu)(shu)(shu)称(cheng)(cheng)疾(ji)(ji)如初(chu)。后(hou)以(yi)(yi)灾(zai)异逊(xun)位(wei),帝不听(ting)。后(hou)因正(zheng)旦朝罢还第(di),表送章绶。帝手诏敦勉(mian)。而(er)舒(shu)(shu)(shu)执(zhi)意弥固,乃下(xia)(xia)诏曰:“司(si)徒、剧(ju)(ju)阳(yang)子(zi)舒(shu)(shu)(shu),体道弘(hong)粹(cui),思(si)量经远,忠肃(su)居(ju)正(zheng),在公尽规。入管(guan)铨(quan)衡,官(guan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)允叙(xu);出赞衮职,敷弘(hong)五教。惠训播流,德(de)声茂(mao)著,可谓(wei)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俊乂者(zhe)(zhe)也。而(er)屡执(zhi)冲让,辞旨恳诚,申览反(fan)覆,省用怃(wu)然。盖成人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,先典所(suo)与,难违至情(qing)。今听(ting)其所(suo)执(zhi),以(yi)(yi)剧(ju)(ju)阳(yang)子(zi)就第(di),位(wei)同三司(si),禄赐(ci)(ci)(ci)如前(qian)。几杖不朝,赐(ci)(ci)(ci)钱百万,床帐(zhang)簟褥自副。以(yi)(yi)舍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)四人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为剧(ju)(ju)阳(yang)子(zi)舍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),置官(guan)骑十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。使光(guang)禄勋奉策(ce),主(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)详案典礼,令(ling)皆如旧制。”于是(shi)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)安车驷马,门施行马。舒(shu)(shu)(shu)为事必(bi)先行而(er)后(hou)言,逊(xun)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际,莫有知者(zhe)(zhe)。时(shi)论(lun)以(yi)(yi)为晋兴(xing)以(yi)(yi)来(lai),三公能辞荣善(shan)终者(zhe)(zhe),未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有也。司(si)空(kong)卫(wei)瓘与舒(shu)(shu)(shu)书(shu)曰:“每与足下(xia)(xia)共论(lun)此事,日日未果,可谓(wei)瞻(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在前(qian),忽(hu)焉(yan)在后(hou)矣。”太熙元(yuan)年薨(hong),时(shi)年八十(shi)二。帝甚伤悼,赗赙优厚,谥曰康。
子(zi)混,字(zi)延广,清(qing)惠有才(cai)行(xing),为太子(zi)舍人。年二十七,先(xian)舒(shu)卒,朝(chao)野咸为舒(shu)悲惜。舒(shu)每哀恸,退而叹(tan)曰(yue):“吾不(bu)及庄生远矣,岂以(yi)无益自损(sun)乎!”于是终(zhong)服不(bu)复哭。诏曰(yue):“舒(shu)惟一(yi)子(zi),薄命短折。舒(shu)告(gao)老之年,处(chu)穷独之苦,每念怛然,为之嗟悼。思所以(yi)散愁养气,可(ke)更增滋味品物。仍(reng)给(ji)赐阳燧(sui)四望(wang)(wang)繐窗户(hu)皁轮车牛一(yi)乘(cheng),庶(shu)出入观望(wang)(wang),或足散忧也。”以(yi)庶(shu)孙融(rong)嗣。又早卒,从(cong)孙晃嗣。
李憙(xi),字季和,上(shang)党铜鞮(di)人也。父牷,汉大鸿胪。憙(xi)少有(you)高行,博学(xue)研精,与北海管宁以贤良征,不(bu)(bu)行。累辟三府(fu),不(bu)(bu)就。宣帝复辟憙(xi)为(wei)(wei)太傅属,固(gu)辞(ci)疾,郡县扶舆上(shang)道,时憙(xi)母疾笃,乃窃逾泫氏城而(er)徒(tu)还,遂(sui)遭母丧,论者嘉其志(zhi)节。后为(wei)(wei)并州别驾,时骁(xiao)骑将军秦朗过并州,州将毕(bi)轨(gui)敬焉。令乘车至阁。憙(xi)固(gu)谏以为(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)可,轨(gui)不(bu)(bu)得已从之。
景帝(di)辅(fu)政(zheng),命憙为大(da)将军(jun)从(cong)事中郎,憙到,引见,谓憙曰:“昔先公(gong)辟君而君不(bu)应,今孤命君而君至,何(he)也?”对曰:“先君以(yi)礼(li)见待,憙得以(yi)礼(li)进退(tui)。明公(gong)以(yi)法(fa)见绳,憙畏法(fa)而至。”帝(di)甚重之。转司马,寻拜右长史(shi)。从(cong)讨毌丘俭还(hai),迁御(yu)史(shi)中丞。当官正色,不(bu)惮强御(yu),百僚震肃焉。荐乐安孙璞,亦以(yi)道(dao)德显,时人(ren)(ren)称为知人(ren)(ren)。寻迁大(da)司马,以(yi)公(gong)事免。
司(si)(si)(si)马伷为宁北将(jiang)军,镇鄴(ye),以(yi)憙(xi)为军司(si)(si)(si)。顷之(zhi),除(chu)凉(liang)州刺(ci)史,加扬威将(jiang)军、假节,领护羌校(xiao)尉,绥御(yu)华夷,甚有声绩。羌虏犯塞(sai),憙(xi)因其隙会,不(bu)及启闻,辄以(yi)便(bian)宜出军深入,遂大(da)克获,以(yi)功重免谴,时人比(bi)之(zhi)汉朝(chao)冯、甘焉。于是(shi)请(qing)还,许之(zhi)。居家月余,拜冀州刺(ci)史,累迁司(si)(si)(si)隶校(xiao)尉。及魏帝告禅于晋,憙(xi)以(yi)本官(guan)行司(si)(si)(si)徒事,副太尉郑冲奉策。泰始初,封祁侯。
憙上言:“故立进令刘友、前尚书山(shan)涛、中山(shan)王睦、故尚书仆射武陔各(ge)占官(guan)三更稻田,请免涛、睦等官(guan)。陔已亡,请贬谥。”诏(zhao)曰:“法者,天下取(qu)正,不(bu)(bu)(bu)避(bi)亲贵(gui),然(ran)(ran)后(hou)行耳(er),吾岂将枉纵其(qi)(qi)间哉!然(ran)(ran)案此事皆(jie)是友所作(zuo),侵剥百(bai)姓(xing),以缪惑朝(chao)士。奸吏(li)乃敢作(zuo)此,其(qi)(qi)考竟友以惩邪佞。涛等不(bu)(bu)(bu)贰其(qi)(qi)过者,皆(jie)勿有(you)所问。《易》称‘王臣(chen)蹇蹇,匪躬之(zhi)故’。今憙亢志在公,当(dang)官(guan)而(er)行,可(ke)谓(wei)‘邦之(zhi)司(si)(si)直’者矣(yi)。光武有(you)云:‘贵(gui)戚且敛手以避(bi)二鲍(bao)’。岂其(qi)(qi)然(ran)(ran)乎!其(qi)(qi)申敕群(qun)僚,各(ge)慎所司(si)(si),宽宥之(zhi)恩,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)数遇(yu)也(ye)。”憙为(wei)二代司(si)(si)隶,朝(chao)野称之(zhi)。以公事免。
其(qi)年(nian)(nian),皇太(tai)子(zi)(zi)立,以(yi)(yi)憙为太(tai)子(zi)(zi)太(tai)傅(fu)。自(zi)魏明帝以(yi)(yi)后,久旷东宫(gong),制度废阙,官(guan)司不具,詹事(shi)(shi)、左右率、庶子(zi)(zi)、中舍人(ren)诸官(guan)并未置(zhi),唯置(zhi)卫率令(ling)典兵(bing),二傅(fu)并摄众事(shi)(shi)。憙在位累年(nian)(nian),训道尽(jin)规。迁尚书仆射,拜特进(jin)、光禄大夫(fu),以(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)老(lao)逊位。诏曰:“光禄大夫(fu)、特进(jin)李憙,杖德居义,当升台司。毗(pi)亮朕躬,而以(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)尊致(zhi)仕。虽优游无为,可以(yi)(yi)颐神,而虚心之(zhi)望,能不怃(wu)然!其(qi)因光禄之(zhi)号,改假金紫,置(zhi)官(guan)骑十(shi)人(ren),赐(ci)钱五十(shi)万(wan),禄赐(ci)班礼,一如三司,门施行马。”
初,憙(xi)(xi)为仆射时,凉(liang)州(zhou)虏(lu)(lu)寇边,憙(xi)(xi)唱义遣军(jun)讨之(zhi)。朝(chao)士谓出兵不(bu)易(yi),虏(lu)(lu)未足为患,竟不(bu)从之(zhi)。后虏(lu)(lu)果大纵逸,凉(liang)州(zhou)覆(fu)没,朝(chao)廷深(shen)悔焉。以(yi)(yi)憙(xi)(xi)清素贫俭,赐绢百匹。及齐王攸出镇,憙(xi)(xi)上疏谏争(zheng),辞甚恳切(qie)。憙(xi)(xi)自历仕(shi),虽清非异众,而家(jia)无储(chu)积(ji),亲旧故人乃至(zhi)分(fen)衣共食(shi),未尝私以(yi)(yi)王官。及卒,追(zhui)赠(zeng)太保,谥曰成。子赞嗣。
少子俭(jian),字仲(zhong)约(yue),历左积弩(nu)将(jiang)军、屯骑校尉。俭(jian)子弘(hong)字世彦,少有清节,永嘉末,历给事黄(huang)门侍(shi)郎、散骑常侍(shi)。
刘寔,字(zi)子(zi)真,平原高唐人也。汉(han)济北(bei)惠(hui)王寿之后也,父(fu)广,斥丘令。寔少贫苦(ku),卖(mai)牛衣以自给。然好学,手(shou)约绳,口诵书(shu),博通古今(jin)。清(qing)身洁己,行(xing)无瑕玷(dian)。郡察孝廉,州举秀才,皆不行(xing)。以计吏入洛,调为河南(nan)尹(yin)丞,迁尚书(shu)郎(lang)、廷尉(wei)正(zheng)。后历(li)吏部郎(lang),参文(wen)帝相国军事,封循阳子(zi)。
钟会、邓艾之(zhi)伐蜀(shu)也(ye),有客问(wen)寔曰:“二将其(qi)(qi)(qi)平蜀(shu)乎?”寔曰:“破蜀(shu)必矣,而皆不还。”客问(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu),笑(xiao)而不答,竟如其(qi)(qi)(qi)言。寔之(zhi)先(xian)见,皆此类也(ye)。
以世多(duo)进趣,廉逊(xun)道阙,乃(nai)著《崇(chong)让(rang)论》以矫之。其(qi)辞曰:
古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)天下(xia)(xia),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)贵让(rang)(rang)(rang)者(zhe),欲以(yi)(yi)出(chu)贤才(cai),息争(zheng)竞也(ye)。夫(fu)人(ren)情莫不(bu)欲已(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤也(ye),故劝令让(rang)(rang)(rang)贤以(yi)(yi)自明贤也(ye),岂(qi)假(jia)让(rang)(rang)(rang)不(bu)贤哉!故让(rang)(rang)(rang)道(dao)兴,贤能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)不(bu)求而(er)自出(chu)矣(yi),至(zhi)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju)自立矣(yi),百官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)副亦豫具矣(yi)。一(yi)(yi)官(guan)缺,择众(zhong)官(guan)所(suo)让(rang)(rang)(rang)最多者(zhe)而(er)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),审之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)。在朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)相(xiang)让(rang)(rang)(rang)于上(shang),草庐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)咸皆(jie)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),推(tui)贤让(rang)(rang)(rang)能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)从(cong)此(ci)生(sheng)矣(yi)。为一(yi)(yi)国所(suo)让(rang)(rang)(rang),则(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)国士(shi)也(ye);天下(xia)(xia)所(suo)共推(tui),则(ze)(ze)天下(xia)(xia)士(shi)也(ye)。推(tui)让(rang)(rang)(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)行,则(ze)(ze)贤与不(bu)肖灼(zhuo)然殊矣(yi)。此(ci)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,在上(shang)者(zhe)无(wu)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)心,因成清议(yi),随之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已(yi)(yi)(yi)。故曰,荡(dang)荡(dang)乎尧(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为君,莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能名(ming)。言天下(xia)(xia)自安矣(yi),不(bu)见尧(yao)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故不(bu)能名(ming)也(ye)。又曰,舜(shun)禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)天下(xia)(xia)而(er)不(bu)与焉(yan),无(wu)为而(er)化(hua)(hua)者(zhe)其(qi)舜(shun)也(ye)欤。贤人(ren)相(xiang)让(rang)(rang)(rang)于朝,大才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)恆在大官(guan),小人(ren)不(bu)争(zheng)于野,天下(xia)(xia)无(wu)事矣(yi)。以(yi)(yi)贤才(cai)化(hua)(hua)无(wu)事,至(zhi)道(dao)兴矣(yi)。已(yi)(yi)(yi)仰其(qi)成,复何与焉(yan)!故可以(yi)(yi)歌《南风(feng)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗,弹五弦(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)琴也(ye)。成此(ci)功者(zhe)非有(you)他(ta),崇(chong)让(rang)(rang)(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)致耳。孔子曰,能以(yi)(yi)礼让(rang)(rang)(rang)为国,则(ze)(ze)不(bu)难也(ye)。
在朝(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)务相让(rang)久(jiu)矣(yi),天下化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。自(zi)魏代以(yi)来(lai),登进(jin)辟(pi)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,及在职之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏,临(lin)见(jian)(jian)受叙,虽自(zi)辞不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng),终莫(mo)肯让(rang)有(you)胜己者(zhe)。夫推(tui)让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风息,争(zheng)(zheng)竞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)生(sheng)。孔子(zi)曰,上兴(xing)让(rang)则(ze)下不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)争(zheng)(zheng),明让(rang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)兴(xing)下必争(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)。推(tui)让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道兴(xing),则(ze)贤能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人日见(jian)(jian)推(tui)举;争(zheng)(zheng)竞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)生(sheng),则(ze)贤能(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人日见(jian)(jian)谤毁。夫争(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲自(zi)先,甚恶(e)能(neng)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)无(wu)(wu)(wu)毁也(ye)。故孔墨(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)免世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谤己,况不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及孔墨(mo)者(zhe)乎!议者(zhe)佥然(ran)言,世少高名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai),朝(chao)(chao)廷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)大(da)(da)才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人可以(yi)为(wei)大(da)(da)官(guan)(guan)者(zhe)。山泽人小官(guan)(guan)吏亦(yi)复(fu)云,朝(chao)(chao)廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士虽有(you)大(da)(da)官(guan)(guan)名(ming)德,皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及往(wang)时(shi)人也(ye)。余以(yi)为(wei)此二言皆失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。非(fei)时(shi)独(du)乏贤也(ye),时(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)贵(gui)让(rang)。一人有(you)先众(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誉,毁必随之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),名(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)成使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)也(ye)。虽令稷(ji)契复(fu)存,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)能(neng)全(quan)其名(ming)矣(yi)。能(neng)否(fou)混杂,优劣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分,士无(wu)(wu)(wu)素定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)价(jia),官(guan)(guan)职有(you)缺,主选之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知所用(yong),但案官(guan)(guan)次而举之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。同才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人先用(yong)者(zhe),非(fei)势家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),则(ze)必为(wei)有(you)势者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所念也(ye)。非(fei)能(neng)独(du)贤,因其先用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)资,而复(fu)迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)已(yi)。迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)已(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜其任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病发矣(yi)。观在官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,政绩无(wu)(wu)(wu)闻,自(zi)非(fei)势家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),率多因资次而进(jin)也(ye)。
向(xiang)令(ling)天下贵让(rang)(rang)(rang),士(shi)必(bi)由(you)(you)于见让(rang)(rang)(rang)而(er)后名成,名成而(er)官乃得用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诸名行不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),在官无(wu)政(zheng)绩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,让(rang)(rang)(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)矣(yi)(yi),官无(wu)因得而(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)见用(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),由(you)(you)让(rang)(rang)(rang)道废,因资用(yong)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有失久矣(yi)(yi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)自汉魏以(yi)(yi)来,时开(kai)大举(ju)(ju)(ju),令(ling)众(zhong)官各(ge)(ge)举(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)知(zhi)(zhi),唯才(cai)(cai)所(suo)(suo)任,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)限(xian)阶次,如此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)甚数(shu)矣(yi)(yi)。其所(suo)(suo)举(ju)(ju)(ju)必(bi)有当者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻时有擢(zhuo)用(yong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)何谁最贤故(gu)(gu)(gu)也。所(suo)(suo)举(ju)(ju)(ju)必(bi)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当,而(er)罪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)何谁最不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肖也。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得知(zhi)(zhi),由(you)(you)当时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)莫肯相(xiang)(xiang)推,贤愚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)别,令(ling)其如此(ci)(ci)。举(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)知(zhi)(zhi)在上者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)察不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)审(shen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)敢漫举(ju)(ju)(ju)而(er)进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。或举(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)贤,因及所(suo)(suo)念,一(yi)(yi)顿(dun)而(er)至(zhi),人(ren)数(shu)猥多(duo),各(ge)(ge)言所(suo)(suo)举(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)贤,加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高状,相(xiang)(xiang)似如一(yi)(yi),难得而(er)分(fen)矣(yi)(yi)。参错相(xiang)(xiang)乱,真伪同贯(guan),更复由(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)而(er)甚。虽(sui)(sui)举(ju)(ju)(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)尽忠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,亦由(you)(you)上开(kai)听(ting)察之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路滥,令(ling)其尔也。昔齐(qi)王好听(ting)竽声,必(bi)令(ling)三百人(ren)合吹(chui)而(er)后听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),廪以(yi)(yi)数(shu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俸。南郭先生不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)吹(chui)竽者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也,以(yi)(yi)三百人(ren)合吹(chui)可以(yi)(yi)容其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),因请为(wei)王吹(chui)竽,虚食数(shu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俸。嗣(si)王觉而(er)改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),难彰先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过。乃下令(ling)曰:“吾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好闻竽声有甚于先王,欲(yu)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)列而(er)听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”先生于此(ci)(ci)逃矣(yi)(yi)。推贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li),滥举(ju)(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改,则南郭先生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒盈于朝(chao)矣(yi)(yi)。才(cai)(cai)高守道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)日(ri)退,驰走有势之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)日(ri)多(duo)矣(yi)(yi)。虽(sui)(sui)国有典刑(xing),弗能(neng)禁(jin)矣(yi)(yi)。
夫让(rang)道不(bu)(bu)(bu)兴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊,非(fei)(fei)徒贤(xian)人(ren)在(zai)下位,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得时进也(ye)(ye),国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)臣荷重任(ren)者,亦将(jiang)以(yi)渐受(shou)罪退矣。何以(yi)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)?孔子以(yi)为颜氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子不(bu)(bu)(bu)贰过耳,明非(fei)(fei)圣人(ren)皆有(you)过。宠贵(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地欲(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者多(duo)(duo)矣,恶贤(xian)能者塞其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)过而(er)(er)(er)毁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者亦多(duo)(duo)矣。夫谤毁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生,非(fei)(fei)徒空设,必因人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)过而(er)(er)(er)甚(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者也(ye)(ye)。毁谤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言数闻(wen),在(zai)上者虽欲(yu)弗纳,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)杖所闻(wen),因事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来而(er)(er)(er)微(wei)察之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye),无以(yi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)验至矣。得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)验,安得不(bu)(bu)(bu)理其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)罪。若(ruo)知(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)纵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威日(ri)衰,令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)行自此(ci)始矣。知(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)皆理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),受(shou)罪退者稍多(duo)(duo),大臣有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。夫贤(xian)才不(bu)(bu)(bu)进,贵(gui)臣日(ri)疏,此(ci)有(you)国(guo)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)忧也(ye)(ye)。《诗》曰:“受(shou)禄不(bu)(bu)(bu)让(rang),至于(yu)已斯亡。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)忧亡不(bu)(bu)(bu)暇,而(er)(er)(er)望其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)益国(guo)朝(chao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦难(nan)乎!
窃(qie)以(yi)为改(gai)此(ci)俗甚易(yi)耳。何以(yi)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?夫一(yi)时在(zai)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,虽(sui)杂有凡猥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才,其中(zhong)贤(xian)明者亦多矣,岂可谓皆(jie)不知让(rang)(rang)贤(xian)为贵邪!直以(yi)其时皆(jie)不让(rang)(rang),习以(yi)成俗,故遂(sui)不为耳。人臣(chen)初(chu)除,皆(jie)通表(biao)上(shang)闻(wen),名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谢章(zhang),所(suo)由(you)来尚矣。原谢章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本意,欲进(jin)贤(xian)能以(yi)谢国(guo)恩也。昔舜以(yi)禹为司空,禹拜稽首,让(rang)(rang)于稷契及咎繇。使益为虞官,让(rang)(rang)于硃虎、熊、罴。使伯夷典三礼,让(rang)(rang)于夔龙。唐虞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,众(zhong)官初(chu)除,莫不皆(jie)让(rang)(rang)也。谢章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),盖取于此(ci)。《书(shu)》记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,欲以(yi)永世(shi)作则。季(ji)世(shi)所(suo)用(yong),不贤(xian)不能让(rang)(rang)贤(xian),虚谢见用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩而已(yi)。相(xiang)承不变(bian),习俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失也。
夫(fu)叙用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)得(de)通(tong)(tong)章(zhang)表(biao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)让(rang)(rang)(rang)贤推能(neng)乃通(tong)(tong),其(qi)不(bu)能(neng)有所(suo)让(rang)(rang)(rang)徒费简纸者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆绝不(bu)通(tong)(tong)。人(ren)臣初除,各思推贤能(neng)而(er)让(rang)(rang)(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣,让(rang)(rang)(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文付主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)掌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三(san)(san)司(si)有缺(que),择(ze)三(san)(san)司(si)所(suo)让(rang)(rang)(rang)最(zui)多(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)公缺(que),三(san)(san)公已豫(yu)选(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。且主选(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏,不(bu)必任公而(er)选(xuan)三(san)(san)公,不(bu)如令三(san)(san)公自共(gong)选(xuan)一(yi)(yi)公为(wei)详(xiang)也。四征缺(que),择(ze)四征所(suo)让(rang)(rang)(rang)最(zui)多(duo)而(er)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)征缺(que),四征已豫(yu)选(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣,必详(xiang)于(yu)停缺(que)而(er)令主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)选(xuan)四征也。尚(shang)书(shu)缺(que),择(ze)尚(shang)书(shu)所(suo)让(rang)(rang)(rang)最(zui)多(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)为(wei)八(ba)尚(shang)书(shu)共(gong)选(xuan)一(yi)(yi)尚(shang)书(shu),详(xiang)于(yu)临(lin)缺(que)令主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)选(xuan)八(ba)尚(shang)书(shu)也。郡守缺(que),择(ze)众郡所(suo)让(rang)(rang)(rang)最(zui)多(duo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),详(xiang)于(yu)任主者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)令选(xuan)百郡守也。
夫(fu)以众官百(bai)郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)让(rang),与主者(zhe)(zhe)共相(xiang)比,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)同(tong)岁而论(lun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽(sui)复令三府(fu)参(can)举官,本(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)委以举选(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任,各(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能以根其心也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其所(suo)用(yong)(yong)心者(zhe)(zhe)裁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)二(er)三,但令主者(zhe)(zhe)案(an)官次而举之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)精(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。贤愚皆让(rang),百(bai)姓耳(er)目尽为国(guo)耳(er)目。夫(fu)人(ren)情争(zheng)(zheng)则(ze)欲毁(hui)己(ji)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi),让(rang)则(ze)竞推于胜(sheng)己(ji)。故世争(zheng)(zheng)则(ze)毁(hui)誉交错,优劣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分,难得(de)(de)而让(rang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)让(rang)则(ze)贤智显(xian)出,能否之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美历历相(xiang)次,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)(de)而乱(luan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。当此(ci)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),能退身(shen)修已(yi)者(zhe)(zhe),让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)矣(yi)。虽(sui)欲守贫(pin)贱,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。驰骛进趣而欲人(ren)见让(rang),犹(you)却行而求前也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)如(ru)此(ci),愚智咸(xian)知(zhi)进身(shen)求通(tong),非修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于己(ji)则(ze)无由(you)矣(yi)。游外求者(zhe)(zhe),于此(ci)相(xiang)随而归矣(yi)。浮(fu)声虚论(lun),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁而自息矣(yi)。人(ren)人(ren)无所(suo)用(yong)(yong)其心,任众人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议(yi),而天下自化(hua)矣(yi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)行,巍(wei)(wei)巍(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美于此(ci)著矣(yi)。让(rang)可(ke)以致(zhi)此(ci),岂(qi)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)务之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉(zai)!
《春秋传》曰:“范宣子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)让,其(qi)下皆(jie)让。栾黡虽汰,弗敢违也。晋国以平,数(shu)世赖之(zhi)(zhi)。”上世之(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)也,君子(zi)尚能而(er)让其(qi)下,小(xiao)人力农以事其(qi)上,上下有礼,谗慝远(yuan)黜(chu),由(you)不争也。及其(qi)乱也,国家之(zhi)(zhi)弊,恆必(bi)由(you)之(zhi)(zhi)。笃论了了如此。在朝君子(zi)典选大(da)官,能不以人废言,举而(er)行之(zhi)(zhi),各(ge)以让贤举能为先务,则群才猥出,能否殊别,盖(gai)世之(zhi)(zhi)功,莫(mo)大(da)于(yu)此。
泰(tai)始初,进爵为(wei)伯,累迁少(shao)府。咸宁中为(wei)太常。转尚(shang)书。杜预之伐(fa)吴也,寔以(yi)本官行镇南军司。
初,寔妻卢氏生子(zi)(zi)跻而(er)卒,华氏将(jiang)以女妻之(zhi)。寔弟智谏(jian)曰:“华家类贪,必破门户。”辞(ci)之(zhi)不得,竟婚(hun)华氏而(er)生子(zi)(zi)夏(xia)。寔竟坐夏(xia)受赂,免(mian)(mian)官(guan)。顷之(zhi)为(wei)大司农,又以夏(xia)罪免(mian)(mian)。
寔每还(hai)州里,乡人载酒肉(rou)以(yi)候之(zhi)。寔难逆其意,辄共啖而(er)返(fan)其余(yu)。或谓寔曰:“君行(xing)高一(yi)世,而(er)诸子不(bu)能遵。何(he)不(bu)旦夕切磋(cuo),使知过而(er)自改邪!”寔曰:“吾之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)行(xing),是所(suo)(suo)闻见,不(bu)相祖习,岂复教(jiao)诲之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)得乎!”世以(yi)寔言为当(dang)。
后起(qi)为(wei)国(guo)子祭酒、散骑(qi)常侍。愍怀太子初(chu)(chu)封广陵王,高选师友,以寔为(wei)师。元康初(chu)(chu),进(jin)爵为(wei)侯,累迁太子太保,加侍中、特进(jin)、右(you)光禄大夫、开府仪同三司,领冀州(zhou)都督(du)。九年,策拜司空,迁太保,转太傅。太安初(chu)(chu),寔以老病逊位,赐安车驷马、钱百万,以侯就第。及(ji)长沙成都之相攻也,寔为(wei)军(jun)人所掠(lve),潜归乡里(li)。
惠帝崩,寔赴山陵。怀帝即位,复授太尉。寔自陈(chen)年老(lao),固辞,不许。左丞(cheng)刘(liu)坦上(shang)言曰:“夫堂高(gao)级远,主尊相贵。是以(yi)古之(zhi)哲王莫不师其(qi)元臣,崇(chong)养(yang)老(lao)之(zhi)教,训示四海,使少长有礼(li)(li)。七(qi)十致(zhi)仕(shi),亦(yi)所(suo)以(yi)优(you)(you)异旧(jiu)德(de),厉(li)廉高(gao)之(zhi)风。太尉寔体清素之(zhi)操,执不渝之(zhi)洁,悬车(che)告老(lao),二十余年,浩然(ran)之(zhi)志,老(lao)而(er)弥(mi)笃。可谓(wei)国之(zhi)硕老(lao),邦之(zhi)宗模。臣闻老(lao)者不以(yi)筋力为(wei)(wei)礼(li)(li),寔年逾九十,命(ming)在日制(zhi),遂自扶舆,冒险而(er)至(zhi),展哀(ai)山陵,致(zhi)敬阙(que)庭(ting),大臣之(zhi)节备矣。圣诏(zhao)殷(yin)勤,必(bi)使寔正位上(shang)台,光饪鼎实,断章敦喻(yu),经涉二年。而(er)寔频上(shang)露板,辞旨(zhi)恳诚。臣以(yi)为(wei)(wei)古之(zhi)养(yang)老(lao),以(yi)不事为(wei)(wei)优(you)(you),不以(yi)吏(li)之(zhi)为(wei)(wei)重,谓(wei)宜听寔所(suo)守。”
三年,诏(zhao)曰:“昔虞任五臣(chen),致垂拱之化,汉相萧何,兴宁一(yi)之誉,故能光(guang)隆于(yu)当时,垂裕(yu)于(yu)百代。朕绍天明命,临御(yu)万邦,所以(yi)崇显(xian)政(zheng)道者,亦(yi)赖(lai)之于(yu)元臣(chen)庶尹,毕(bi)力股肱(gong),以(yi)副(fu)至望。而君年耆(qi)告(gao)老,确然难违。今听君以(yi)侯就(jiu)第,位居三司之上,秩禄(lu)准旧,赐几杖不(bu)朝及宅(zhai)一(yi)区(qu)。国之大(da)政(zheng),将(jiang)就(jiu)谘(zi)于(yu)君,副(fu)朕意焉(yan)。”岁余薨(hong),时年九(jiu)十一(yi),谥曰元。
寔少贫(pin)窭,杖(zhang)策(ce)徒行,每所憩止,不累主人,薪水之事,皆自营给。及(ji)位(wei)望通显,每崇(chong)俭素,不尚华丽。尝(chang)诣石(shi)崇(chong)家,如(ru)厕(ce)(ce),见有绛纹帐,裀褥甚丽,两婢持香(xiang)囊。寔便退(tui),笑谓崇(chong)曰:“误入卿内(nei)。”崇(chong)曰:“是厕(ce)(ce)耳。”寔曰:“贫(pin)士(shi)未尝(chang)得此。”乃更(geng)如(ru)他厕(ce)(ce)。虽(sui)(sui)处荣宠,居无(wu)第(di)宅,所得俸禄,赡恤亲故。虽(sui)(sui)礼教陵迟,而行己以(yi)正。丧妻为(wei)庐杖(zhang)之制,终(zhong)丧不御内(nei)。轻薄者笑之,寔不以(yi)介意。自少及(ji)老,笃学不倦,虽(sui)(sui)居职务,卷(juan)弗离手。尤精《三传(chuan)》,辨正《公羊》,以(yi)为(wei)卫辄(zhe)不应辞以(yi)王父命(ming),祭仲失为(wei)臣之节,举(ju)此二端以(yi)明臣子(zi)之体(ti),遂(sui)行于世。又撰《春秋(qiu)条(tiao)例》二十(shi)卷(juan)。
有二子,跻、夏(xia)。跻字景云,官至(zhi)散(san)骑常侍。夏(xia)以贪污弃(qi)放于世。
弟智,字(zi)子房(fang),贞素有兄(xiong)风。少贫(pin)窭,每负薪自给,读诵不辍,竟以儒行称。历中(zhong)(zhong)书黄门(men)吏部郎(lang),出为(wei)颍川(chuan)太(tai)守。平原(yuan)管辂(lu)尝谓人曰(yue):“吾与刘(liu)颍川(chuan)兄(xiong)弟语(yu),使人神思(si)清(qing)发,昏不假寐。自此之(zhi)外,殆白日欲寝矣。”入为(wei)秘(mi)书监(jian),领(ling)南(nan)阳王师(shi),加散骑常侍,迁侍中(zhong)(zhong)、尚书、太(tai)常。著《丧(sang)服释疑论》,多所(suo)辨明。太(tai)康末卒(zu),谥曰(yue)成。
高光(guang),字宣茂,陈(chen)留圉城人(ren),魏太(tai)尉(wei)柔之子(zi)也。光(guang)少习家业,明(ming)练(lian)刑(xing)理。初以太(tai)子(zi)舍(she)人(ren)累迁(qian)尚书(shu)(shu)郎,出为幽州刺(ci)史(shi)、颍州太(tai)守。是时武帝(di)置黄(huang)沙狱,以典诏(zhao)囚。以光(guang)历(li)世明(ming)法,用(yong)为黄(huang)沙御史(shi),秩与中(zhong)丞(cheng)同,迁(qian)廷尉(wei)。元康中(zhong),拜(bai)尚书(shu)(shu),典三(san)公曹。时赵王伦(lun)(lun)篡(cuan)逆,光(guang)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)际,守道全贞(zhen)。及伦(lun)(lun)赐死,齐王冏(jiong)辅政,复以光(guang)为廷尉(wei),迁(qian)尚书(shu)(shu),加(jia)奉车(che)都尉(wei)。后从驾讨(tao)成(cheng)都王颖(ying)有勋,封延陵(ling)县(xian)公,邑千八百户(hu)。于(yu)(yu)时朝廷咸(xian)推光(guang)明(ming)于(yu)(yu)用(yong)法,故(gu)频典理官(guan)。惠帝(di)为张方所逼(bi),幸长安,朝臣奔散(san),莫(mo)有从者,光(guang)独侍(shi)帝(di)而西。迁(qian)尚书(shu)(shu)左(zuo)仆(pu)射,加(jia)散(san)骑常侍(shi)。光(guang)兄诞(dan)为上官(guan)巳(si)等所用(yong),历(li)徐、雍二州刺(ci)史(shi)。诞(dan)性任放无伦(lun)(lun)次,而决烈过人(ren),与光(guang)异(yi)操。常谓光(guang)小节,恆轻侮之,光(guang)事诞(dan)愈谨。帝(di)既还(hai)洛阳(yang),时太(tai)弟新立,重选傅(fu)(fu)训,以光(guang)为少傅(fu)(fu),加(jia)光(guang)禄大(da)夫(fu),常侍(shi)如(ru)故(gu)。及怀帝(di)即位,加(jia)光(guang)禄大(da)夫(fu)金章紫(zi)绶,与傅(fu)(fu)祗并见推崇(chong)。寻(xun)为尚书(shu)(shu)令,本官(guan)如(ru)故(gu)。以疾(ji)卒,赠司空、侍(shi)中(zhong)。属京洛倾覆,竟未加(jia)谥。
子(zi)韬字子(zi)远,放佚无检。光(guang)为廷尉时(shi),韬受货赇(qiu),有司奏(zou)案之(zhi),而光(guang)不(bu)知(zhi)。时(shi)人虽(sui)非(fei)光(guang)不(bu)能(neng)防闲其子(zi),以(yi)(yi)其用心有素(su),不(bu)以(yi)(yi)为累。初,光(guang)诣(yi)长安留台(tai),以(yi)(yi)韬兼(jian)右卫将军。韬与殿省小人交通,及(ji)光(guang)卒,仍(reng)于丧中往(wang)来不(bu)绝。时(shi)东海(hai)王越辅政,不(bu)朝观。韬知(zhi)人心有望(wang),密与太傅参军姜(jiang)赜、京兆杜概等谋讨越,事泄伏诛。
史臣曰:下士竞而文(wen),中庸(yong)静而质,不(bu)若进(jin)不(bu)足而退(tui)有余也。魏舒、刘(liu)寔发(fa)虑精华,结绶(shou)登(deng)槐,览止(zhi)成务。季和切问近对(dui),当官正色。诗云“贪人败类(lei)”,岂刘(liu)夏之谓欤!
赞曰:舒言不矜(jin),憙对(dui)千(qian)乘。子真、宣茂,雅志(zhi)难陵。进忠能举,退让攸兴(xing)。皎皎瑚器,来光玉绳。
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