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晋书 列传第十七在线阅读

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晋书--列传第十七

傅玄(子(zi)咸 咸子(zi)敷(fu)、咸从父弟(di)祗)


   傅玄(xuan),字休奕(yi),北地泥阳(yang)人也。祖燮,汉(han)(han)汉(han)(han)阳(yang)太(tai)守。父干,魏扶风太(tai)守。玄(xuan)少孤贫,博学善属文,解(jie)钟(zhong)律。性刚劲亮(liang)直(zhi),不(bu)能容人之(zhi)短。郡上计(ji)吏再(zai)举(ju)孝廉,太(tai)尉(wei)(wei)辟,皆不(bu)就。州举(ju)秀才,除郎中(zhong),与东海缪(mou)施俱以时誉选入(ru)著作(zuo),撰(zhuan)集魏书(shu)。后参安东、卫军(jun)军(jun)事,转温令,再(zai)迁弘农(nong)太(tai)守,领典农(nong)校尉(wei)(wei)。所(suo)居称职,数上书(shu)陈便宜,多(duo)所(suo)匡正。五(wu)等建,封鹑(chun)觚男。武帝(di)为晋王(wang),以玄(xuan)为散骑常侍。及受禅(shan),进(jin)爵为子(zi),加(jia)附马(ma)都尉(wei)(wei)。

帝初即位,广纳直言,开不讳之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu),玄及散骑(qi)常侍皇甫陶(tao)共掌谏(jian)职。玄上(shang)疏(shu)曰:“臣(chen)闻先王之(zhi)(zhi)临天(tian)下(xia)(xia)也(ye),明其大教,长其义(yi)节(jie)。道化隆于(yu)(yu)上(shang),清议(yi)行于(yu)(yu)下(xia)(xia),上(shang)下(xia)(xia)相奉,人怀义(yi)心。亡(wang)(wang)秦荡灭先王之(zhi)(zhi)制,以(yi)法术相御,而义(yi)心亡(wang)(wang)矣。近者魏(wei)(wei)武好法术,而天(tian)下(xia)(xia)贵(gui)刑名;魏(wei)(wei)文慕通(tong)达,而天(tian)下(xia)(xia)贱守节(jie)。其后(hou)纲维不摄(she),而虚(xu)无(wu)放(fang)诞之(zhi)(zhi)论盈于(yu)(yu)朝野,使(shi)(shi)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)无(wu)复(fu)清议(yi),而亡(wang)(wang)秦之(zhi)(zhi)病复(fu)发于(yu)(yu)今。陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)圣德,龙兴(xing)受禅(shan),弘(hong)尧、舜之(zhi)(zhi)化,开正直之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu),体夏禹之(zhi)(zhi)至俭,综殷周之(zhi)(zhi)典文,臣(chen)咏叹而已,将又奚言!惟未举清远有礼之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen),以(yi)敦风节(jie);未退虚(xu)鄙,以(yi)惩不恪,臣(chen)是(shi)以(yi)犹敢有言。”诏报(bao)曰:“举清远有礼之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)者,此尤今之(zhi)(zhi)要也(ye)。”乃使(shi)(shi)玄草诏进之(zhi)(zhi)。玄复(fu)上(shang)疏(shu)曰:

臣闻(wen)舜举(ju)五臣,无为而化,用(yong)人得(de)其要(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)下群司猥多,不(bu)可(ke)不(bu)审得(de)其人也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)得(de)其人,一(yi)日(ri)则(ze)损不(bu)赀,况积(ji)日(ri)乎!典(dian)谟(mo)曰“无旷庶官”,言职之不(bu)可(ke)久废也(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸有(you)疾病(bing)满百日(ri)不(bu)差,宜令去职,优(you)其礼秩而宠存之,既差而后更用(yong)。臣不(bu)废职于(yu)朝,国无旷官之累,此(ci)王政之急(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

臣闻先王分士(shi)(shi)农(nong)工(gong)商(shang)以(yi)经国制事(shi)(shi),各一其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业而(er)(er)(er)殊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)务。自士(shi)(shi)已(yi)上子弟(di),为之立太学以(yi)教之,选(xuan)明(ming)师(shi)以(yi)训之,各随(sui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)才优(you)劣而(er)(er)(er)授用之。农(nong)以(yi)丰其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食,工(gong)以(yi)足(zu)(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi),商(shang)贾(jia)以(yi)通其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)货(huo)。故虽天下(xia)之大,兆庶之众(zhong),无有一人(ren)游手。分数之法,周备如此。汉、魏不(bu)定(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分,百(bai)官(guan)(guan)子弟(di)不(bu)修经艺而(er)(er)(er)务交(jiao)游,未(wei)知莅(li)事(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)坐享天禄;农(nong)工(gong)之业多废,或(huo)逐淫(yin)利而(er)(er)(er)离其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi);徒系(xi)名于太学,然不(bu)闻先王之风。今圣明(ming)之政资始,而(er)(er)(er)汉、魏之失未(wei)改,散(san)官(guan)(guan)众(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)学校(xiao)未(wei)设,游手多而(er)(er)(er)亲农(nong)者少,工(gong)器(qi)不(bu)尽其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宜。臣以(yi)为亟定(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制,通计天下(xia)若(ruo)干(gan)(gan)人(ren)为士(shi)(shi),足(zu)(zu)以(yi)副(fu)在官(guan)(guan)之吏;若(ruo)干(gan)(gan)人(ren)为农(nong),三年足(zu)(zu)有一年之储(chu);若(ruo)干(gan)(gan)人(ren)为工(gong),足(zu)(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)用;若(ruo)干(gan)(gan)人(ren)为商(shang)贾(jia),足(zu)(zu)以(yi)通货(huo)而(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。尊儒尚学,贵农(nong)贱商(shang),此皆事(shi)(shi)业之要务也。

前(qian)皇甫陶上(shang)事,欲令(ling)(ling)赐拜散官(guan)(guan)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)课使(shi)亲耕,天下(xia)(xia)享足(zu)(zu)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。禹、稷躬稼,祚流后(hou)(hou)世(shi),是(shi)以(yi)《明(ming)堂(tang)》、《月令(ling)(ling)》著帝藉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)。伊尹古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名臣(chen),耕于(yu)有(you)(you)莘;晏(yan)婴齐(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大夫,避庄公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难,亦(yi)耕于(yu)海(hai)滨。昔者(zhe)圣帝明(ming)王,贤佐俊士(shi),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)尝从事于(yu)农矣。王人(ren)赐官(guan)(guan),冗(rong)散无(wu)事者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)督使(shi)学(xue),则(ze)(ze)(ze)当使(shi)耕,无(wu)缘放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)坐食(shi)(shi)百姓(xing)也(ye)。今文武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)既众,而(er)拜赐不(bu)(bu)在职者(zhe)又多(duo),加以(yi)服役(yi)为(wei)(wei)兵,不(bu)(bu)得耕稼,当农者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半,南面食(shi)(shi)禄者(zhe)参倍于(yu)前(qian)。使(shi)冗(rong)散之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)农,而(er)收(shou)其(qi)租税,家得其(qi)实,而(er)天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谷可(ke)以(yi)无(wu)乏矣。夫家足(zu)(zu)食(shi)(shi),为(wei)(wei)子则(ze)(ze)(ze)孝,为(wei)(wei)父则(ze)(ze)(ze)慈,为(wei)(wei)兄则(ze)(ze)(ze)友(you),为(wei)(wei)弟则(ze)(ze)(ze)悌。天下(xia)(xia)足(zu)(zu)食(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)仁义(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教可(ke)不(bu)(bu)令(ling)(ling)而(er)行也(ye)。为(wei)(wei)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao),计(ji)人(ren)而(er)置官(guan)(guan),分(fen)人(ren)而(er)授事,士(shi)农工商之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)斯须(xu)废也(ye)。若(ruo)未能精其(qi)防制(zhi),计(ji)天下(xia)(xia)文武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)足(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)副贰者(zhe)使(shi)学(xue),其(qi)余皆(jie)(jie)(jie)归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)农。若(ruo)百工商贾有(you)(you)长(zhang)者(zhe),亦(yi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)农。务农若(ruo)此(ci),何有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)赡(shan)乎!《虞(yu)书》曰(yue):“三(san)载考(kao)绩,三(san)考(kao)黜(chu)陟幽明(ming)。”是(shi)为(wei)(wei)九年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)乃有(you)(you)迁叙(xu)也(ye)。故居(ju)官(guan)(guan)久(jiu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)念立慎终(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化,居(ju)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)久(jiu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)竞为(wei)(wei)一切之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)。六年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限,日月浅近,不(bu)(bu)周黜(chu)陟。陶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)上(shang),义(yi)合古制(zhi)。

夫儒学者(zhe),王(wang)教之首也。尊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao),贵(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye),重其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)选,犹恐化(hua)之不(bu)崇;忽而(er)不(bu)以为急,臣惧(ju)日有陵迟而(er)不(bu)觉也。仲尼有言:“人能弘道(dao),非(fei)(fei)道(dao)弘人。”然则尊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)者(zhe),非(fei)(fei)惟尊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书而(er)已,尊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人之谓也。贵(gui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)者(zhe),不(bu)妄(wang)(wang)教非(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人也。重其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)选者(zhe),不(bu)妄(wang)(wang)用非(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人也。若(ruo)此(ci),而(er)学校之纲举矣。

书奏,帝下(xia)诏曰:“二(er)常侍恳恳于(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)论(lun),可谓乃(nai)心(xin)(xin)欲佐益(yi)时事(shi)者也。而主(zhu)者率以常制裁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),岂得(de)不使发愤耶(ye)!二(er)常侍所(suo)(suo)论(lun),或(huo)举其大较而未备其条目,亦可便令作之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)后主(zhu)者八(ba)坐(zuo)广(guang)共研精。凡关言(yan)于(yu)(yu)人主(zhu),人臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)至难。而人主(zhu)若不能(neng)虚心(xin)(xin)听(ting)纳,自古(gu)忠(zhong)(zhong)臣直士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)慷慨,至使杜口结(jie)舌。每念于(yu)(yu)此,未尝不叹息也。故前诏敢有(you)(you)直言(yan),勿(wu)有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)距,庶几得(de)以发懞补过,获保(bao)高位。苟言(yan)有(you)(you)偏(pian)善,情在(zai)忠(zhong)(zhong)益(yi),虽文辞有(you)(you)谬误,言(yan)语(yu)有(you)(you)失得(de),皆当旷(kuang)然(ran)恕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。古(gu)人犹(you)不拒诽谤,况皆善意在(zai)可采录乎(hu)!近者孔晁、綦毋(wu)皆案(an)以轻慢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,所(suo)(suo)以皆原,欲使四(si)海(hai)知区区之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝无讳(hui)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忌也。”俄迁侍中(zhong)。

初,玄(xuan)进皇甫陶,及入而抵,玄(xuan)以事与陶争,言喧哗,为有(you)司所(suo)奏,二人(ren)竟(jing)坐免(mian)官。泰始四年,以为御(yu)史(shi)中丞。时(shi)颇有(you)水旱之(zhi)灾,玄(xuan)复(fu)上疏曰(yue):

臣闻圣(sheng)帝明王受命,天时未(wei)(wei)必无(wu)灾,是以尧有(you)九年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水,汤有(you)七年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旱,惟能济之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以人事耳。故洪水滔(tao)天而(er)免沈溺,野无(wu)生草而(er)不(bu)困匮。伏惟陛下圣(sheng)德(de)钦明,时小水旱,人未(wei)(wei)大饥,下祗畏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诏,求极(ji)意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,同(tong)禹、汤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)己,侔周文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夕惕。臣伏欢喜,上便宜五(wu)事:

其一(yi)曰(yue),耕夫务(wu)多种而耕不熟,徒丧功(gong)力而无收(shou)。又旧(jiu)兵(bing)(bing)持官(guan)牛(niu)(niu)者(zhe),官(guan)得(de)六(liu)分,士得(de)四(si)分;自持私牛(niu)(niu)者(zhe),与(yu)官(guan)中分,施行来久,众心安之。今(jin)一(yi)朝减(jian)持官(guan)牛(niu)(niu)者(zhe),官(guan)得(de)八分,士得(de)二分;持私牛(niu)(niu)及无牛(niu)(niu)者(zhe),官(guan)得(de)七分,士得(de)三(san)分,人失(shi)其所,必不欢乐(le)(le)。臣愚(yu)以为宜(yi)佃兵(bing)(bing)持官(guan)牛(niu)(niu)者(zhe)与(yu)四(si)分,持私牛(niu)(niu)与(yu)官(guan)中分,则(ze)天下兵(bing)(bing)作欢然悦(yue)乐(le)(le),爱惜成谷,无有损弃之忧。

其二曰(yue),以(yi)二千石虽(sui)奉务农(nong)之诏,犹(you)不勤心以(yi)尽地利。昔汉氏(shi)以(yi)垦田不实,征杀二千石以(yi)十数(shu)。臣愚(yu)以(yi)为宜申汉氏(shi)旧典,以(yi)警(jing)戒(jie)天下郡县,皆以(yi)死刑督之。

其(qi)三曰,以魏(wei)初(chu)未(wei)留意于(yu)水事,先帝(di)统(tong)百揆,分河(he)堤为(wei)四部,并本凡五谒者(zhe),以水功(gong)至大(da),与农事并兴,非一(yi)人所周故也。今谒者(zhe)一(yi)人之力,行天下诸水,无时得遍。伏见(jian)河(he)堤谒者(zhe)车(che)谊不知水势,转为(wei)他职,更选知水者(zhe)代之。可分为(wei)五部,使(shi)各精(jing)其(qi)方宜(yi)。

其(qi)四曰,古以步百(bai)(bai)为(wei)亩(mu),今以二百(bai)(bai)四十(shi)步为(wei)一(yi)亩(mu),所觉(jue)过倍(bei)。近魏(wei)初课田(tian),不(bu)务(wu)多(duo)其(qi)顷亩(mu),但(dan)务(wu)修其(qi)功力,故白田(tian)收至十(shi)余斛,水(shui)田(tian)收数(shu)十(shi)斛。自(zi)顷以来,日增(zeng)田(tian)顷亩(mu)之课,而(er)田(tian)兵益甚(shen),功不(bu)能修理,至亩(mu)数(shu)斛已(yi)还(hai),或不(bu)足以偿种。非与曩时异天地,横遇灾害(hai)也,其(qi)病正在(zai)于务(wu)多(duo)顷亩(mu)而(er)功不(bu)修耳。窃见(jian)河堤谒者石(shi)恢(hui)甚(shen)精练水(shui)事及田(tian)事,知其(qi)利害(hai),乞(qi)中书召恢(hui),委曲问(wen)其(qi)得失,必有所补益。

其五曰(yue),臣以(yi)(yi)为胡夷兽心,不与华同,鲜卑(bei)最(zui)甚。本(ben)邓艾苟欲取一(yi)时(shi)之(zhi)利,不虑(lv)后患(huan),使鲜卑(bei)数(shu)万散居人间(jian),此必为害之(zhi)势也(ye)。秦州(zhou)刺史(shi)胡烈素(su)有恩(en)信于西方(fang),今(jin)烈往,诸胡虽(sui)已无恶,必且消弭,然兽心难(nan)保,不必其可(ke)(ke)久(jiu)安也(ye)。若(ruo)后有动(dong)衅,烈计能制之(zhi)。惟恐(kong)胡虏适困于讨(tao)击,便能东入安定,西赴武威,外名(ming)为降,可(ke)(ke)动(dong)复动(dong)。此二郡(jun)(jun)(jun)非烈所制,则(ze)恶胡东西有窟穴(xue)浮游之(zhi)地,故(gu)复为患(huan),无以(yi)(yi)禁之(zhi)也(ye)。宜(yi)更置一(yi)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)于高平川,因安定西州(zhou)都尉募乐徙(xi)民(min),重(zhong)其复除以(yi)(yi)充之(zhi),以(yi)(yi)通北道,渐(jian)以(yi)(yi)实边(bian)。详议此二郡(jun)(jun)(jun)及新置郡(jun)(jun)(jun),皆使并(bing)属(shu)秦州(zhou),令烈得专御边(bian)之(zhi)宜(yi)。

诏(zhao)曰:“得(de)所陈便宜,言农事得(de)失及(ji)水官兴废,又安边(bian)御胡政(zheng)事宽猛之(zhi)宜,申省周(zhou)备,一二(er)具之(zhi),此诚(cheng)为国大本,当今急务也。如所论皆善(shan),深(shen)知乃(nai)心,广思诸宜,动静以(yi)闻也。”

五年,迁(qian)太仆。时比年不登(deng),羌(qiang)胡扰边(bian),诏公卿会议。玄应对所问(wen),陈事(shi)切直,虽不尽(jin)施(shi)行,而常见优容。转司隶校尉。

献皇后(hou)崩(beng)于(yu)(yu)弘训(xun)宫,设丧位。旧制,司(si)隶于(yu)(yu)端门外坐(zuo),在诸卿(qing)上,绝(jue)席。其入殿,按本品(pin)秩在诸卿(qing)下(xia),以(yi)次坐(zuo),不(bu)(bu)绝(jue)席。而谒者以(yi)弘训(xun)宫为殿内(nei),制玄(xuan)(xuan)位在卿(qing)下(xia)。玄(xuan)(xuan)恚怒,厉声(sheng)色而责谒者。谒者妄称尚(shang)书所处,玄(xuan)(xuan)对(dui)百僚(liao)而骂尚(shang)书以(yi)下(xia)。御史(shi)中丞庾(yu)纯奏玄(xuan)(xuan)不(bu)(bu)敬,玄(xuan)(xuan)又(you)自表不(bu)(bu)以(yi)实,坐(zuo)免(mian)官。然玄(xuan)(xuan)天性峻急,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)有(you)所容;每有(you)奏劾,或值(zhi)日暮,捧白简,整(zheng)簪(zan)带,竦(song)踊不(bu)(bu)寐,坐(zuo)而待旦。于(yu)(yu)是贵游慑伏,台阁生风。寻卒(zu)于(yu)(yu)家,时年六十二(er),谥曰刚(gang)。

玄少(shao)时(shi)避(bi)难于(yu)河内(nei),专心诵(song)学(xue),后(hou)虽(sui)显贵,而(er)著(zhu)述不(bu)废(fei)。撰论经国九(jiu)流及三(san)史故事,评断得失,各为(wei)区例,名为(wei)《傅子》,为(wei)内(nei)、外、中(zhong)篇,凡有四(si)部、六录,合百(bai)四(si)十(shi)首,数十(shi)万言,并文集百(bai)余卷行(xing)于(yu)世。玄初作内(nei)篇成,子咸以(yi)示司空王沈(shen)。沈(shen)与(yu)玄书曰:“省足(zu)下所著(zhu)书,言富理济,经纶政体(ti),存重儒教,足(zu)以(yi)塞杨、墨之流遁,齐(qi)孙(sun)、孟于(yu)往(wang)代。每开卷,未(wei)尝不(bu)叹息也。‘不(bu)见贾生,自以(yi)过之,乃(nai)今不(bu)及’,信矣!”

其后追封(feng)清泉侯。子(zi)咸嗣。

咸字(zi)长(zhang)虞,刚简有大节(jie)。风格(ge)峻整,识性明悟,疾恶如仇,推(tui)贤(xian)乐善,常(chang)慕季文(wen)子、仲山甫(fu)之(zhi)志。好属文(wen)论,虽绮丽不足,而言成规鉴(jian)。颍川庾(yu)纯常(chang)叹曰:“长(zhang)虞之(zhi)文(wen)近乎(hu)诗(shi)人之(zhi)作矣!”

咸宁初,袭父爵,拜(bai)太子洗马,累迁尚书右丞。出为冀州刺史,继母杜(du)氏不(bu)(bu)肯随咸之官,自表解职。三旬之间,迁司徒左长史。时帝留心(xin)政(zheng)事(shi),诏(zhao)访朝臣政(zheng)之损益。咸上言曰:“陛下(xia)处至尊(zun)之位(wei),而(er)修(xiu)布衣之事(shi),亲(qin)(qin)览万(wan)机,劳心(xin)日昃。在昔(xi)帝王,躬自菲薄,以(yi)利天(tian)下(xia),未有(you)(you)逾(yu)陛下(xia)也(ye)。然(ran)泰始开(kai)元以(yi)暨于(yu)(yu)今(jin)(jin),十(shi)有(you)(you)五(wu)年矣(yi)。而(er)军国未丰(feng),百姓(xing)不(bu)(bu)赡,一(yi)岁不(bu)(bu)登便有(you)(you)菜(cai)色者,诚由官众事(shi)殷,复除猥滥,蚕食者多(duo)而(er)亲(qin)(qin)农(nong)(nong)者少也(ye)。臣以(yi)顽(wan)疏,谬忝近职,每(mei)见圣诏(zhao)以(yi)百姓(xing)饥馑(jin)为虑,无能云补(bu),伏用惭(can)恧,敢不(bu)(bu)自竭,以(yi)对天(tian)问(wen)。旧都督(du)有(you)(you)四(si),今(jin)(jin)并监军,乃盈于(yu)(yu)十(shi)。夏禹敷(fu)土,分(fen)为九州,今(jin)(jin)之刺史,几向一(yi)倍(bei)。户口比汉十(shi)分(fen)之一(yi),而(er)置(zhi)郡县(xian)更多(duo)。空(kong)校(xiao)牙门,无益宿卫,而(er)虚立军府,动有(you)(you)百数。五(wu)等诸(zhu)侯(hou),复坐置(zhi)官属。诸(zhu)所宠给,皆生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)百姓(xing)。一(yi)夫不(bu)(bu)农(nong)(nong),有(you)(you)受其(qi)饥,今(jin)(jin)之不(bu)(bu)农(nong)(nong),不(bu)(bu)可胜(sheng)计。纵使五(wu)稼(jia)普收,仅足相接;暂有(you)(you)灾患,便不(bu)(bu)继赡。以(yi)为当今(jin)(jin)之急,先(xian)并官省(sheng)事(shi),静事(shi)息役,上下(xia)用心(xin),惟农(nong)(nong)是务也(ye)。”

咸在位多所执正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。豫州(zhou)大(da)中正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)夏侯骏(jun)(jun)上(shang)(shang)言(yan),鲁(lu)国小中正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、司(si)(si)空司(si)(si)马(ma)孔(kong)毓(yu)(yu),四(si)移病所,不能接宾,求以尚书郎曹(cao)馥代毓(yu)(yu),旬日复上(shang)(shang)毓(yu)(yu)为(wei)中正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。司(si)(si)徒三(san)却,骏(jun)(jun)故据正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。咸以骏(jun)(jun)与夺惟意,乃奏免骏(jun)(jun)大(da)中正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。司(si)(si)徒魏舒(shu),骏(jun)(jun)之姻属,屡却不署,咸据正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)甚苦。舒(shu)终(zhong)不从,咸遂独上(shang)(shang)。舒(shu)奏咸激讪不直,诏转咸为(wei)车骑司(si)(si)马(ma)。

咸(xian)以世俗(su)奢(she)侈,又上书曰:“臣(chen)以为谷帛难(nan)生,而(er)用(yong)之不(bu)(bu)节(jie),无(wu)缘不(bu)(bu)匮(kui)。故先王(wang)之化(hua)天下,食肉(rou)衣(yi)帛,皆有其制。窃谓奢(she)侈之费(fei),甚(shen)于天灾。古者(zhe)尧有茅(mao)茨,今(jin)之百姓(xing)竞丰其屋。古者(zhe)臣(chen)无(wu)玉食,今(jin)之贾竖(shu)皆厌粱肉(rou)。古者(zhe)后妃乃有殊(shu)饰(shi),今(jin)之婢(bi)妾(qie)被服绫罗。古者(zhe)大夫乃不(bu)(bu)徒行(xing),今(jin)之贱隶乘轻驱肥。古者(zhe)人稠地狭而(er)有储(chu)蓄,由于节(jie)也(ye);今(jin)者(zhe)土(tu)广人稀而(er)患不(bu)(bu)足,由于奢(she)也(ye)。欲时之俭,当诘(jie)其奢(she);奢(she)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)诘(jie),转相高(gao)尚。昔毛(mao)玠为吏部尚书,时无(wu)敢好(hao)衣(yi)美食者(zhe)。魏武帝叹曰:‘孤(gu)之法不(bu)(bu)如(ru)毛(mao)尚书。’令使诸部用(yong)心,各(ge)如(ru)毛(mao)玠,风俗(su)之移,在不(bu)(bu)难(nan)矣。”又议移县狱(yu)于郡及二社应立,朝廷从之。迁尚书左丞(cheng)。

惠帝(di)即位,杨骏(jun)(jun)(jun)辅政。咸(xian)(xian)言(yan)于(yu)骏(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue):“事(shi)与(yu)世变(bian),礼随时宜(yi),谅(liang)暗(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)行尚(shang)矣。由(you)世道弥薄,权不(bu)(bu)可假,故虽斩焉(yan)在(zai)(zai)疚,而(er)(er)躬(gong)览万机(ji)也(ye)。逮至汉文,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)体大(da),服(fu)重难久,遂制既(ji)葬而(er)(er)除。世祖武皇帝(di)虽大(da)孝蒸蒸,亦从(cong)时释(shi)服(fu),制心(xin)(xin)丧三年,至于(yu)万机(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),则有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)遑。今圣上(shang)(shang)欲(yu)委政于(yu)公(gong),谅(liang)暗(an)自(zi)居,此虽谦让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin),而(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)未(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)善(shan)(shan)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)未(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)善(shan)(shan)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亿兆颙颙,戴仰宸极,听于(yu)冢宰,惧天(tian)(tian)(tian)光有(you)(you)(you)蔽。人心(xin)(xin)既(ji)已若此,而(er)(er)明公(gong)处之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固未(wei)(wei)为(wei)易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。窃谓(wei)山陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)既(ji)毕,明公(gong)当思隆(long)替(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)。周公(gong)圣人,犹不(bu)(bu)免谤。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),周公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任既(ji)未(wei)(wei)易(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)处,况圣上(shang)(shang)春秋非(fei)(fei)成(cheng)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年乎(hu)!得意(yi)忘言(yan),言(yan)未(wei)(wei)易(yi)(yi)(yi)尽(jin)。苟明公(gong)有(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)察其(qi)(qi)悾(kong)款,言(yan)岂在(zai)(zai)多。”时司(si)隶荀恺从(cong)兄丧,自(zi)表赴哀,诏(zhao)听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)未(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia),恺乃造骏(jun)(jun)(jun)。咸(xian)(xian)因奏曰(yue):“死丧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戚,兄弟(di)孔怀(huai)。同堂亡陨,方在(zai)(zai)信宿,圣恩矜悯(min),听使临丧。诏(zhao)未(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)便以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行造,急谄媚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敬(jing),无(wu)友于(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)。宜(yi)加(jia)显(xian)贬,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隆(long)风(feng)教。”帝(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)骏(jun)(jun)(jun)管朝(chao)政,有(you)(you)(you)诏(zhao)不(bu)(bu)问,骏(jun)(jun)(jun)甚(shen)(shen)惮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。咸(xian)(xian)复与(yu)骏(jun)(jun)(jun)笺讽切之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),骏(jun)(jun)(jun)意(yi)稍折,渐以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)平。由(you)是(shi)欲(yu)出为(wei)京兆、弘农太守,骏(jun)(jun)(jun)甥李斌说骏(jun)(jun)(jun),不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)斥出正(zheng)人,乃止。骏(jun)(jun)(jun)弟(di)济素(su)与(yu)咸(xian)(xian)善(shan)(shan),与(yu)咸(xian)(xian)书曰(yue):“江海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流混混,故能(neng)成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)深广也(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)大(da)器(qi),非(fei)(fei)可稍了(le)(le),而(er)(er)相(xiang)观每事(shi)欲(yu)了(le)(le)。生子(zi)痴,了(le)(le)官事(shi),官事(shi)未(wei)(wei)易(yi)(yi)(yi)了(le)(le)也(ye)。了(le)(le)事(shi)正(zheng)作痴,复为(wei)快耳!左丞(cheng)总司(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)台,维正(zheng)八坐,此未(wei)(wei)易(yi)(yi)(yi)居。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君尽(jin)性而(er)(er)处未(wei)(wei)易(yi)(yi)(yi)居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任,益(yi)不(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。想虑(lv)破(po)头(tou),故具有(you)(you)(you)白。”咸(xian)(xian)答曰(yue):“卫公(gong)云酒色之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杀人,此甚(shen)(shen)于(yu)作直(zhi)。坐酒色死,人不(bu)(bu)为(wei)悔(hui)。逆畏(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)致祸,此由(you)心(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)直(zhi)正(zheng),欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苟且为(wei)明哲耳!自(zi)古(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)致祸者,当自(zi)矫(jiao)枉过(guo)直(zhi),或(huo)不(bu)(bu)忠允,欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亢厉为(wei)声,故致忿耳。安有(you)(you)(you)空(kong)(kong)空(kong)(kong)为(wei)忠益(yi),而(er)(er)当见疾(ji)乎(hu)!”居无(wu)何(he),骏(jun)(jun)(jun)诛(zhu)。咸(xian)(xian)转为(wei)太子(zi)中庶子(zi),迁(qian)御史中丞(cheng)。

时太宰(zai)、汝南王亮辅政(zheng),咸致书(shu)曰(yue):“咸以为太甲、成王年在蒙幼(you),故有(you)伊、周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。圣(sheng)人且(qie)犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)免疑(yi),况臣(chen)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)圣(sheng),王非孺(ru)子,而可(ke)(ke)以行伊、周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)乎!上在谅(liang)暗,听(ting)于冢宰(zai),而杨骏(jun)无状,便作伊、周(zhou),自为居天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)安(an),所(suo)以至(zhi)死。其罪(zui)既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)胜,亦(yi)是殿(dian)(dian)下(xia)所(suo)见。骏(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)见讨,发自天(tian)(tian)聪,孟观、李肇与知密(mi)旨耳。至(zhi)于论(lun)功,当归美于上。观等(deng)已数千户县侯(hou),圣(sheng)上以骏(jun)死莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欣悦(yue),故论(lun)功宁厚,以叙其欢心。此(ci)群下(xia)所(suo)宜以实裁量(liang),而遂(sui)扇动(dong),东(dong)安(an)封(feng)王,孟、李郡公(gong),余侯(hou)伯子男(nan),既妄有(you)加,复(fu)(fu)又三等(deng)超迁。此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)熏(xun)赫,震(zhen)动(dong)天(tian)(tian)地(di),自古以来,封(feng)赏(shang)未有(you)若此(ci)者也(ye)。无功而厚赏(shang),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乐(le)国有(you)祸,祸起当复(fu)(fu)有(you)大功也(ye)。人而乐(le)祸,其可(ke)(ke)极乎!作此(ci)者,皆由东(dong)安(an)公(gong)。谓殿(dian)(dian)下(xia)至(zhi)止,当有(you)以正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)。正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)以道(dao),众亦(yi)何所(suo)怒(nu)乎!众之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)怒(nu),在于不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平耳。而今皆更倍论(lun),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失望。咸之(zhi)(zhi)愚冗,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)惟失望而已,窃以为忧。又讨骏(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)时,殿(dian)(dian)下(xia)在外(wai),实所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)综。今欲委(wei)重(zhong),故令殿(dian)(dian)下(xia)论(lun)功。论(lun)功之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),实未易可(ke)(ke)处,莫(mo)若坐(zuo)观得失,有(you)居正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)宜也(ye)。”

咸(xian)(xian)复以(yi)亮辅政专权,又谏(jian)曰:“杨(yang)骏有(you)震(zhen)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,委任亲戚,此(ci)天(tian)(tian)下所以(yi)喧哗。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处重(zhong),宜(yi)反此(ci)失。谓宜(yi)静(jing)默颐(yi)神,有(you)大得失,乃维持(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);自非大事,一皆(jie)抑(yi)遣。比四造(zao)诣(yi),及经(jing)过尊门,冠盖车马,填塞街(jie)衢,此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)翕习,既宜(yi)弭息(xi)。又夏侯长(zhang)(zhang)容(rong)奉(feng)使为(wei)先(xian)帝(di)请命(ming),祈(qi)祷无感,先(xian)帝(di)崩(beng)背(bei),宜(yi)自咎责,而(er)自求请命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劳,而(er)公以(yi)为(wei)少府。私窃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论,云长(zhang)(zhang)容(rong)则公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姻(yin),故至于(yu)此(ci)。一犬(quan)吠形,群(qun)犬(quan)吠声,惧于(yu)群(qun)吠,遂至叵听也(ye)。咸(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)人,不能面从而(er)有(you)后言。尝触(chu)(chu)杨(yang)骏,几(ji)为(wei)身祸(huo);况于(yu)殿下,而(er)当有(you)惜!往(wang)从驾,殿下见语:‘卿不识(shi)(shi)韩(han)非逆鳞(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言耶,而(er)欻摩(mo)天(tian)(tian)子逆鳞(lin)!’自知所陈,诚触(chu)(chu)猛兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)须耳。所以(yi)敢言,庶殿下当识(shi)(shi)其(qi)不胜区区。前摩(mo)天(tian)(tian)子逆鳞(lin),欲以(yi)尽忠;今触(chu)(chu)猛兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)须,非欲为(wei)恶,必将以(yi)此(ci)见恕。”亮不纳。长(zhang)(zhang)容(rong)者(zhe),夏侯骏也(ye)。

会丙寅,诏群僚(liao)举(ju)郡县(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi)以(yi)(yi)补(bu)内官(guan)。咸(xian)复(fu)上书曰:“臣(chen)(chen)咸(xian)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)夫兴化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要,在于官(guan)人(ren)。才非(fei)一(yi)流,职(zhi)有(you)不同。譬诸(zhu)林木,洪(hong)纤枉直,各(ge)有(you)攸施(shi)。故明扬逮(dai)于仄陋,畴(chou)咨无(wu)(wu)拘内外(wai)(wai)。内外(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任,出处随(sui)宜,中间选用,惟内是隆(long)。外(wai)(wai)举(ju)既穨(tui),复(fu)多节目,竞内薄外(wai)(wai),遂成风俗。此弊诚(cheng)宜亟革之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),当内外(wai)(wai)通(tong)塞无(wu)(wu)所(suo)偏耳。既使(shi)通(tong)塞无(wu)(wu)偏,若选用不平(ping),有(you)以(yi)(yi)深(shen)责(ze)(ze)(ze),责(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苟(gou)深(shen),无(wu)(wu)忧不平(ping)也(ye)。且胶(jiao)柱不可(ke)以(yi)(yi)调瑟,况乎(hu)官(guan)人(ren)而可(ke)以(yi)(yi)限乎(hu)!伏思所(suo)限者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)防选用不能(neng)出人(ren)。不能(neng)出人(ren),当随(sui)事而制,无(wu)(wu)须(xu)限法(fa)。法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)限,其于致远,无(wu)(wu)乃泥(ni)乎(hu)!或谓不制其法(fa),以(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)为(wei)贵?臣(chen)(chen)闻刑惩小人(ren),义责(ze)(ze)(ze)君子(zi),君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)责(ze)(ze)(ze),在心不在限也(ye)。正始中,任何(he)(he)晏以(yi)(yi)选举(ju),内外(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众职(zhi)各(ge)得其才,粲然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美于斯可(ke)观。如(ru)此,非(fei)徒(tu)御之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)限,法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)致,乃委任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由也(ye)。委任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惧(ju),甚于限法(fa)。是法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失,非(fei)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尤,尤不在己(ji),责(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)惧(ju),所(suo)谓‘齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)刑,人(ren)免而无(wu)(wu)耻’者(zhe)也(ye)。苟(gou)委任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)则虑(lv)罪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及,二则惧(ju)致怨(yuan)谤。己(ji)快则朝野称咏,不善则众恶见归,此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战(zhan)战(zhan),孰与(yu)倚限法(fa)以(yi)(yi)苟(gou)免乎(hu)!”

咸(xian)再为(wei)本(ben)郡中正,遭继母忧去官(guan)(guan)。顷之(zhi)(zhi),起以议郎,长兼司隶校尉。咸(xian)前(qian)后固辞,不(bu)听(ting),敕使者就拜,咸(xian)复(fu)送还印绶。公车不(bu)通,催使摄职。咸(xian)以身(shen)(shen)无(wu)(wu)(wu)兄弟,丧祭无(wu)(wu)(wu)主,重(zhong)自陈乞,乃(nai)使于官(guan)(guan)舍设灵坐。咸(xian)又上表曰(yue):“臣既驽弱,不(bu)胜(sheng)重(zhong)任(ren)。加在(zai)(zai)哀疚(jiu),假息日阕,陛下过意,授非所(suo)堪。披露丹款,归(gui)穷上闻,谬诏(zhao)既往,终(zhong)然无(wu)(wu)(wu)改。臣虽不(bu)能灭身(shen)(shen)以全(quan)礼教,义无(wu)(wu)(wu)靦(tian)然,虚忝(tian)隆宠(chong)。前(qian)受严(yan)诏(zhao),视事之(zhi)(zhi)日,私心(xin)自誓,陨越为(wei)报(bao)。以货赂流行,所(suo)宜深绝(jue),切敕都官(guan)(guan),以此为(wei)先。而(er)经弥日月,未有(you)所(suo)得。斯由陛下有(you)以奖厉,虑于愚戆,将必死系,故(gu)自掩(yan)检以避其(qi)锋(feng)耳(er)。在(zai)(zai)职有(you)日,既无(wu)(wu)(wu)赫然之(zhi)(zhi)举,又不(bu)应弦垂(chui)翅,人谁复(fu)惮?故(gu)光禄大(da)夫刘毅为(wei)司隶,声震内外(wai),远(yuan)近清肃(su)。非徒毅有(you)王臣匪躬之(zhi)(zhi)节,亦(yi)由所(suo)奏(zou)见从,威(wei)(wei)风得伸(shen)也(ye)。”诏(zhao)曰(yue):“但(dan)当思必应绳中理,威(wei)(wei)风日伸(shen),何独刘毅!”

时(shi)朝廷(ting)(ting)宽弛,豪右放(fang)恣,交私请(qing)(qing)托,朝野溷(hun)淆。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)奏(zou)免河(he)(he)南(nan)尹澹(dan)、左将军倩、廷(ting)(ting)尉高光、兼河(he)(he)南(nan)尹何(he)攀等,京都肃然,贵戚慑伏。咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以“圣人久于其道,天下(xia)化成。是以唐、虞三(san)载考绩,九年(nian)(nian)黜陟。其在《周礼》,三(san)年(nian)(nian)大比。孔子亦(yi)云(yun),‘三(san)年(nian)(nian)有成’。而中间以来(lai),长吏到官(guan),未几便(bian)迁,百姓(xing)困于无定,吏卒疲于送(song)迎(ying)”。时(shi)仆射王戎兼吏部(bu),咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)奏(zou):“戎备(bei)位(wei)台辅,兼掌选举,不能谧静风俗,以凝庶绩,至令人心倾动(dong),开张(zhang)浮(fu)竞。中郎李(li)重、李(li)义不相匡正。请(qing)(qing)免戎等官(guan)。”诏曰:“政道之本,诚宜久于其职,咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)奏(zou)是也。戎职在论道,吾所崇委,其解禁止。”御史(shi)中丞解结(jie)以咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)劾戎为(wei)违典制,越局侵官(guan),干非(fei)其分,奏(zou)免咸(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)官(guan)。诏亦(yi)不许。

咸上事(shi)(shi)以为“按令,御史中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)督司(si)(si)百(bai)僚(liao)。皇(huang)太子以下,其(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)行(xing)马(ma)(ma)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei),有(you)违法宪(xian)者(zhe)皆弹纠之(zhi)。虽(sui)在(zai)(zai)行(xing)马(ma)(ma)外(wai)(wai)(wai),而(er)监司(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)纠,亦得(de)(de)奏(zou)(zou)之(zhi)。如令之(zhi)文,行(xing)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)违法宪(xian),谓禁防(fang)(fang)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)耳。宫内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)禁防(fang)(fang),外(wai)(wai)(wai)司(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)而(er)行(xing),故(gu)专(zhuan)施(shi)中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)。今道路桥梁不(bu)(bu)修,斗讼屠沽不(bu)(bu)绝,如此之(zhi)比(bi),中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)推(tui)责州(zhou)坐,即今所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓行(xing)马(ma)(ma)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)语施(shi)于禁防(fang)(fang)。既云中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)督司(si)(si)百(bai)僚(liao)矣,何复说(shuo)行(xing)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)乎!既云百(bai)僚(liao),而(er)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)复说(shuo)行(xing)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)者(zhe),内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)众官谓之(zhi)百(bai)僚(liao),则通(tong)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)矣。司(si)(si)隶(li)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以不(bu)(bu)复说(shuo)行(xing)马(ma)(ma)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)者(zhe),禁防(fang)(fang)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)已于中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)说(shuo)之(zhi)故(gu)也(ye)。中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)、司(si)(si)隶(li)俱纠皇(huang)太子以下,则共(gong)对司(si)(si)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)矣,不(bu)(bu)为中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)专(zhuan)司(si)(si)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)百(bai)僚(liao),司(si)(si)隶(li)专(zhuan)司(si)(si)外(wai)(wai)(wai)百(bai)僚(liao)。自有(you)中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)、司(si)(si)隶(li)以来,更互奏(zou)(zou)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)众官,惟所(suo)(suo)(suo)纠得(de)(de)无内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)限也(ye)。而(er)结一旦横挫臣(chen),臣(chen)前所(suo)(suo)(suo)以不(bu)(bu)罗缕者(zhe),冀因(yin)结奏(zou)(zou)得(de)(de)从私愿也(ye)。今既所(suo)(suo)(suo)愿不(bu)(bu)从,而(er)敕云但(dan)为过(guo)耳,非所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)及也(ye),以此见原。臣(chen)忝司(si)(si)直之(zhi)任,宜当(dang)正己率(lv)人,若其(qi)(qi)有(you)过(guo),不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)受原,是(shi)以申陈其(qi)(qi)愚。司(si)(si)隶(li)与中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)俱共(gong)纠皇(huang)太子以下,则从皇(huang)太子以下无所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)纠也(ye)。得(de)(de)纠皇(huang)太子而(er)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)纠尚书(shu),臣(chen)之(zhi)暗塞既所(suo)(suo)(suo)未譬。皇(huang)太子为在(zai)(zai)行(xing)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)邪,皇(huang)太子在(zai)(zai)行(xing)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)而(er)得(de)(de)纠之(zhi),尚书(shu)在(zai)(zai)行(xing)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)而(er)不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)纠,无有(you)此理。此理灼(zhuo)然,而(er)结以此挫臣(chen)。臣(chen)可无恨耳,其(qi)(qi)于观(guan)听,无乃(nai)有(you)怪(guai)邪!臣(chen)识石公前在(zai)(zai)殿(dian)上脱衣,为司(si)(si)隶(li)荀恺所(suo)(suo)(suo)奏(zou)(zou),先帝不(bu)(bu)以为非,于时莫谓侵官;今臣(chen)裁纠尚书(shu),而(er)当(dang)有(you)罪乎?”咸累自上称引故(gu)事(shi)(shi),条理灼(zhuo)然,朝廷无以易(yi)之(zhi)。

吴郡顾荣常与(yu)亲(qin)故书曰:“傅长(zhang)(zhang)虞为司隶(li),劲直忠果,劾按(an)惊人。虽非周才,偏亮可贵(gui)也。”元康四年(nian)卒官,时年(nian)五十六(liu),诏(zhao)赠司隶(li)校尉,朝服一具、衣一袭、钱二(er)十万(wan),谥曰贞。有三子:敷(fu)、晞、纂。长(zhang)(zhang)子敷(fu)嗣(si)。

敷字颖根,清静有道(dao),素(su)解(jie)属(shu)文。除太(tai)子舍人,转尚书郎(lang)、太(tai)傅(fu)参军,皆不(bu)起(qi)。永嘉之(zhi)乱,避地会稽,元(yuan)帝引为(wei)镇东(dong)从事中郎(lang)。素(su)有赢疾,频见敦(dun)喻,辞不(bu)获免,舆病(bing)到职。数月卒(zu),时年(nian)四(si)十六(liu)。晞亦有才思,为(wei)上虞令,甚(shen)有政(zheng)绩,卒(zu)于司徒西(xi)曹属(shu)。

祗(zhi)(zhi)字子庄。父嘏,魏(wei)太(tai)常(chang)。祗(zhi)(zhi)性至(zhi)孝,早知名,以才识明练称。武(wu)帝始(shi)建东宫,起家太(tai)子舍人,累迁散骑黄门(men)郎,赐爵关内侯,食邑三百户(hu)。母(mu)忧去职(zhi)。及葬母(mu),诏给太(tai)常(chang)五(wu)等吉凶导从(cong)。其后诸卿(qing)夫人葬给导从(cong),自此始(shi)也。服终,为荥阳太(tai)守。自魏(wei)黄初大水之后,河济泛溢,邓艾尝著《济河论》,开(kai)石门(men)而通之,至(zhi)是(shi)复浸坏。祗(zhi)(zhi)乃造沈莱堰,至(zhi)今兗、豫无水患,百姓为立碑颂焉。寻表(biao)兼廷(ting)尉,迁常(chang)侍、左(zuo)军将军。

及帝(di)崩,梓宫在殡,而太(tai)傅杨骏(jun)(jun)辅(fu)政,欲悦众(zhong)心,议普进封爵。祗与(yu)(yu)骏(jun)(jun)书(shu)曰(yue):“未有(you)帝(di)王始(shi)崩,臣下论(lun)功(gong)者也(ye)。”骏(jun)(jun)不从。入(ru)为(wei)侍中。时将(jiang)诛骏(jun)(jun),而骏(jun)(jun)不之(zhi)(zhi)知。祗侍骏(jun)(jun)坐,而云龙门闭,内(nei)外(wai)不通。祗请与(yu)(yu)尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)武茂(mao)听(ting)国(guo)家(jia)消息,揖而下阶。茂(mao)犹坐,祗顾(gu)曰(yue):“君非天子臣邪!今内(nei)外(wai)隔绝(jue),不知国(guo)家(jia)所在,何得安坐!”茂(mao)乃惊起(qi)。骏(jun)(jun)既伏诛,裴楷息瓚,骏(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)婿也(ye),为(wei)乱兵所害。尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)左仆射荀恺与(yu)(yu)楷不平,因奏楷是(shi)骏(jun)(jun)亲(qin),收(shou)付廷(ting)尉。祗证楷无罪,有(you)诏赦(she)之(zhi)(zhi)。时又(you)收(shou)骏(jun)(jun)官属,祗复启曰(yue):“昔鲁芝为(wei)曹爽司马,斩关出赴(fu)爽,宣帝(di)义之(zhi)(zhi),尚(shang)(shang)迁青州刺史。骏(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)僚佐不可(ke)加罚。”诏又(you)赦(she)之(zhi)(zhi)。祗多所维正(zheng)皆(jie)如此(ci)。

除(chu)河南(nan)尹,未拜,迁司隶校(xiao)尉。以(yi)讨(tao)杨骏勋,当封(feng)(feng)郡公八(ba)千户(hu)(hu),固让,减半,降封(feng)(feng)灵(ling)川县公,千八(ba)百户(hu)(hu),余二(er)千二(er)百户(hu)(hu)封(feng)(feng)少(shao)子暢(chang)为(wei)武(wu)乡亭侯(hou)。又以(yi)本封(feng)(feng)赐兄子隽为(wei)东明亭侯(hou)。

楚(chu)王玮之(zhi)矫诏也,祗以(yi)闻奏(zou)稽留,免(mian)(mian)官。期(qi)年,迁光禄勋,复以(yi)公事免(mian)(mian)。氐(di)人齐(qi)万年举兵(bing)反,以(yi)祗为行安西(xi)军司,加常侍(shi)(shi),率安西(xi)将军夏侯骏讨(tao)平之(zhi)。迁卫(wei)尉,以(yi)风疾逊位,就(jiu)(jiu)拜常侍(shi)(shi),食(shi)卿禄秩(zhi),赐钱及(ji)床帐等。寻加光禄大夫,门施行马。及(ji)赵王伦辅政,以(yi)为中书监,常侍(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)故,以(yi)镇众心。祗辞(ci)之(zhi)以(yi)疾,伦遣御史舆祗就(jiu)(jiu)职。王戎、陈准等相与言(yan)曰:“傅公在事,吾(wu)属无(wu)忧矣。”其为物所(suo)倚信如(ru)(ru)此。

伦篡,又为(wei)右(you)光(guang)禄、开府,加侍中(zhong)(zhong)。惠(hui)帝(di)还宫,祗以(yi)经受(shou)伪职请退,不许。初,伦之(zhi)篡也,孙(sun)秀(xiu)与义阳王(wang)威(wei)等(deng)十余人预撰仪式(shi)禅文(wen)。及伦败,齐(qi)王(wang)冏(jiong)收(shou)侍中(zhong)(zhong)刘逵、常侍驺(zou)捷、杜育、黄门郎(lang)陆(lu)机(ji)、右(you)丞周导、王(wang)尊等(deng)付廷尉。以(yi)禅文(wen)出中(zhong)(zhong)书,复议(yi)处祗罪,会(hui)赦得原。后以(yi)禅文(wen)草(cao)本非祗所撰,于是诏复光(guang)禄大夫(fu)。子宣,尚弘农公主。

寻迁(qian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子少傅(fu)(fu),上章(zhang)逊位还第(di)。及成都(dou)王颖为(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)傅(fu)(fu),复以(yi)祗(zhi)为(wei)少傅(fu)(fu),加侍(shi)中(zhong)。怀(huai)帝即(ji)位,迁(qian)光(guang)(guang)禄大夫、侍(shi)中(zhong),未(wei)拜,加右(you)仆射、中(zhong)书监。时太(tai)(tai)(tai)傅(fu)(fu)东海(hai)王越辅政,祗(zhi)既居端右(you),每宣君臣谦(qian)光(guang)(guang)之道(dao),由此上下雍穆。祗(zhi)明(ming)达国(guo)体,朝廷(ting)制度多所(suo)经综。历(li)左光(guang)(guang)禄、开府,行太(tai)(tai)(tai)子太(tai)(tai)(tai)傅(fu)(fu),侍(shi)中(zhong)如故。疾(ji)笃逊位,不许。迁(qian)司徒,以(yi)足疾(ji),诏版舆上殿,不拜。

大将军苟晞表请迁都(dou),使祗出诣河阴,修理舟楫,为水行之备(bei)。及洛(luo)阳陷没,遂共建行台,推祗为盟主(zhu),以(yi)司(si)徒、持节、大都(dou)督诸军事传檄四(si)方。遣子宣(xuan)将公主(zhu)与(yu)尚(shang)书令和郁赴告方伯征(zheng)义兵,祗自屯盟津(jin)小城,宣(xuan)弟暢(chang)行河阴令,以(yi)待宣(xuan)。祗以(yi)暴(bao)疾薨,时年六十(shi)(shi)九。祗自以(yi)义诚不终,力疾手笔敕厉(li)其二子宣(xuan)、暢(chang),辞旨深(shen)切,览者莫(mo)不感激慷(kang)慨。祗著(zhu)文章驳论十(shi)(shi)余万(wan)言。

宣(xuan)字世弘(hong)。年六岁(sui)丧(sang)继母,哭泣如(ru)成人(ren),中表异之。及长(zhang),好学,赵(zhao)王伦以为(wei)(wei)(wei)相国掾、尚书郎、太子中舍人(ren),迁(qian)(qian)司徒西曹掾。去(qu)职(zhi),累迁(qian)(qian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)秘书丞、骠骑从事(shi)中郎。惠帝(di)至自长(zhang)安(an),以宣(xuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)左丞,不就,迁(qian)(qian)黄门(men)郎。怀帝(di)即位,转吏部郎,又为(wei)(wei)(wei)御史中丞。卒年四十九,无(wu)子,以暢(chang)子冲(chong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)嗣。

暢(chang)字世道。年(nian)(nian)五岁,父友(you)见(jian)而戏之(zhi),解暢(chang)衣,取其金环与侍者(zhe),暢(chang)不之(zhi)惜,以(yi)此(ci)赏之(zhi)。年(nian)(nian)未弱冠(guan),甚(shen)有重名。以(yi)选入侍讲东宫,为秘书丞(cheng)。寻(xun)没于石勒(le),勒(le)以(yi)为大将军右(you)司马。谙识朝仪,恆(heng)居机(ji)密,勒(le)甚(shen)重之(zhi)。作《晋诸公叙赞(zan)》二十(shi)二卷(juan),又为《公卿故事》九(jiu)卷(juan)。咸(xian)和五年(nian)(nian)卒。子(zi)咏(yong),过(guo)江为交(jiao)州刺史(shi)、太子(zi)右(you)率。

史臣曰:武(wu)帝览观四(si)方,平章(zhang)百姓(xing),永(yong)言启沃,任(ren)切争臣。傅(fu)玄体强直之(zhi)姿,怀匪躬之(zhi)操,抗(kang)辞正色,补阙弼违,谔(e)谔(e)当朝(chao)(chao),不(bu)忝其(qi)职者(zhe)矣(yi)。及(ji)乎位居三独(du),弹击是(shi)司,遂(sui)能(neng)使(shi)台阁生风(feng),贵戚敛(lian)手(shou)。虽前代鲍(bao)、葛,何以加(jia)之(zhi)!然(ran)而惟(wei)此(ci)褊心,乏弘雅之(zhi)度(du),骤闻竞爽,为物议(yi)所讥,惜哉(zai)!古人取(qu)戒(jie)于韦弦,良有(you)以也。长虞风(feng)格凝峻,弗坠家声。及(ji)其(qi)纳(na)谏汝南(nan),献书(shu)临晋(jin),居谅直之(zhi)地(di),有(you)先(xian)见之(zhi)明矣(yi)。傅(fu)祗名(ming)父之(zhi)子(zi),早树风(feng)猷,崎岖危乱之(zhi)朝(chao)(chao),匡救君臣之(zhi)际(ji),卒能(neng)保全禄位,可谓(wei)有(you)道存焉。

赞曰:鹑(chun)觚贞(zhen)谅(liang),实惟朝望。志厉强直,性乖夷旷。长(zhang)虞(yu)刚简,无亏风尚。子庄才识,爰膺衮(gun)职(zhi)。忠绩未(wei)申,泉途遽(ju)逼。

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