晋书--列传第二十
曹志 庾峻(jun)(子珉 敳) 郭象(xiang) 庾纯(子旉) 秦秀
曹志(zhi),字允恭(gong),谯国谯人,魏陈思(si)王植之(zhi)(zhi)孽子也(ye)(ye)。少(shao)好(hao)学,以(yi)(yi)(yi)才行称,夷简有大度,兼(jian)善骑射。植曰:“此保(bao)家主也(ye)(ye)。”立以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)嗣(si)。后改封济北王。武(wu)(wu)帝为(wei)(wei)抚军(jun)将军(jun),迎陈留(liu)王于鄴,志(zhi)夜谒见,帝与语(yu),自(zi)暮达旦,甚奇(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)。及帝受禅,降(jiang)为(wei)(wei)鄄(juan)城县(xian)公(gong)。诏曰:“昔在前世,虽历运(yun)迭兴,至(zhi)(zhi)于先代苗裔,传祚(zuo)不(bu)替(ti),或列籓(fan)九(jiu)服(fu),式序王官。选众命贤,惟(wei)德(de)(de)是(shi)与,盖至(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)。魏氏诸(zhu)王公(gong)养德(de)(de)藏器(qi),壅滞(zhi)旷久,前虽有诏,当须简授,而自(zi)顷众职(zhi)少(shao)缺,未得式叙。前济北王曹志(zhi)履德(de)(de)清纯(chun),才高行洁,好(hao)古博物,为(wei)(wei)魏宗英,朕甚嘉之(zhi)(zhi)。其以(yi)(yi)(yi)志(zhi)为(wei)(wei)乐平太守。”志(zhi)在郡上(shang)书(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)宜尊儒重道,请(qing)为(wei)(wei)博士置吏卒(zu)。迁(qian)章武(wu)(wu)、赵郡太守。虽累郡职(zhi),不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng)事为(wei)(wei)意,昼则游猎,夜诵(song)《诗》《书(shu)》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)声色自(zi)娱,当时见者未能审其量也(ye)(ye)。
咸宁(ning)初,诏曰(yue):“鄄城公(gong)曹(cao)志(zhi)(zhi),笃(du)行履素,达学通(tong)识,宜在(zai)儒林,以(yi)弘(hong)胄子(zi)之(zhi)教。其以(yi)志(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)散骑常侍、国子(zi)博士。”帝(di)尝阅《六(liu)代论(lun)》,问志(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“是卿先王(wang)所作(zuo)邪?”志(zhi)(zhi)对曰(yue):“先王(wang)有手所作(zuo)目录,请归寻按。”还奏曰(yue):“按录无此(ci)。”帝(di)曰(yue):“谁作(zuo)?”志(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“以(yi)臣所闻,是臣族父冏所作(zuo)。以(yi)先王(wang)文(wen)高名著,欲(yu)令书(shu)传(chuan)于后(hou),是以(yi)假(jia)托。”帝(di)曰(yue):“古来亦多有是。”顾谓公(gong)卿曰(yue):“父子(zi)证明(ming),足(zu)以(yi)为(wei)审。自(zi)今已后(hou),可无复(fu)疑。”
后(hou)迁祭(ji)酒。齐(qi)王(wang)(wang)攸将(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,下太常(chang)(chang)议(yi)(yi)(yi)崇锡文物(wu)(wu)。时(shi)博士秦秀等以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)齐(qi)王(wang)(wang)宜内(nei)(nei)匡朝政,不(bu)可之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籓(fan)。志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)常(chang)(chang)恨其(qi)(qi)父不(bu)得(de)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于魏(wei),因怆然叹(tan)曰(yue)(yue):“安有(you)如此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才,如此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin),不(bu)得(de)树本(ben)助化,而(er)远出海隅?晋(jin)朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隆,其(qi)(qi)殆乎哉(zai)(zai)!”乃奏议(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue):“伏(fu)闻大(da)司马齐(qi)王(wang)(wang)当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)出籓(fan)东夏,备物(wu)(wu)尽礼,同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)伯(bo)。今(jin)(jin)陛下为(wei)圣(sheng)君,稷、契为(wei)贤臣,内(nei)(nei)有(you)鲁、卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲(qin),外有(you)齐(qi)、晋(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辅,坐而(er)守安,此万世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基也。古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夹辅王(wang)(wang)室,同姓则周(zhou)公(gong)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)也,异姓则太公(gong)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)也,皆身(shen)在(zai)内(nei)(nei),五(wu)世反(fan)葬。后(hou)虽(sui)有(you)五(wu)霸代兴,桓、文谲(jue)主,下有(you)请隧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僭,上(shang)(shang)有(you)九锡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,终于谲(jue)而(er)不(bu)正(zheng),验于尾大(da)不(bu)掉,岂与(yu)召公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌《棠棣》,周(zhou)诗(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咏(yong)《鸱鸮》同日论(lun)哉(zai)(zai)!今(jin)(jin)圣(sheng)朝创业之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始,始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)谅(liang),后(hou)事(shi)难工。干植不(bu)强,枝叶不(bu)茂;骨(gu)骾(geng)不(bu)存(cun),皮(pi)肤不(bu)充。自羲(xi)皇以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,岂是一姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)独(du)有(you)!欲(yu)(yu)结(jie)其(qi)(qi)心者,当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)有(you)磐石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固。夫欲(yu)(yu)享万世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)者,当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)与(yu)天(tian)下议(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聪明,自我人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聪明。秦、魏(wei)欲(yu)(yu)独(du)擅其(qi)(qi)威,而(er)财(cai)得(de)没其(qi)(qi)身(shen);周(zhou)、汉能(neng)分其(qi)(qi)利(li),而(er)亲(qin)疏为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。此自圣(sheng)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深虑,日月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)照(zhao)。事(shi)虽(sui)浅(qian),当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)深谋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);言虽(sui)轻,当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)重思之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)备位儒官(guan),若言不(bu)及(ji)礼,是志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寇窃。知忠(zhong)不(bu)言,议(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)不(bu)敢。志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)如博士等议(yi)(yi)(yi)。”议(yi)(yi)(yi)成当(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)上(shang)(shang),见其(qi)(qi)从弟高(gao)邑(yi)公(gong)嘉(jia)。嘉(jia)曰(yue)(yue):“兄议(yi)(yi)(yi)甚切,百年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)必(bi)书(shu)晋(jin)史,目下将(jiang)见责(ze)邪。”帝览议(yi)(yi)(yi),大(da)怒曰(yue)(yue):“曹(cao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尚不(bu)明吾心,况四海乎!”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)者不(bu)指(zhi)答所(suo)问,横造(zao)异论(lun),策(ce)免太常(chang)(chang)郑默。于是有(you)司奏收志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等结(jie)罪,诏惟免志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)还第(di),其(qi)(qi)余皆付廷尉。
顷之,志复为散(san)骑常侍。遭母忧,居(ju)丧过(guo)礼,因此笃病,喜怒失常。九年卒,太常奏(zou)以(yi)恶谥(shi)。崔(cui)褒叹曰:“魏(wei)颗不(bu)从乱,以(yi)病为乱故也。今谥(shi)曹志而谥(shi)其病,岂谓其病不(bu)为乱乎!”于是谥(shi)为定。
庾(yu)峻,字山(shan)甫,颍川(chuan)鄢陵(ling)人也。祖(zu)(zu)乘(cheng),才(cai)学(xue)洽(qia)闻(wen),汉司徒(tu)辟(pi),有(you)道(dao)征,皆(jie)不(bu)就。伯父(fu)嶷,中正简素,仕(shi)魏为(wei)太仆(pu)。父(fu)道(dao),廉(lian)退贞固,养志不(bu)仕(shi)。牛马有(you)踶(di)啮(nie)者,恐伤人,不(bu)货于市。及(ji)诸子贵,赐(ci)拜太中大(da)夫(fu)。峻少好(hao)学(xue),有(you)才(cai)思(si)。尝(chang)游京师(shi),闻(wen)魏散骑常侍苏林(lin)老疾在家,往候之。林(lin)尝(chang)就乘(cheng)学(xue),见峻流涕,良久曰:“尊祖(zu)(zu)高才(cai)而性退让,慈和(he)泛爱,清静寡欲,不(bu)营当(dang)世,惟(wei)修德行而已。鄢陵(ling)旧五六万(wan)户,闻(wen)今(jin)裁有(you)数百。君(jun)二父(fu)孩(hai)抱经乱,独(du)至今(jin)日(ri),尊伯为(wei)当(dang)世令器(qi),君(jun)兄弟复俊茂,此尊祖(zu)(zu)积(ji)德之所由也。”
历郡(jun)功曹,举计掾,州(zhou)辟从事。太常郑袤见峻,大奇之(zhi)(zhi),举为博士。时(shi)重《庄》《老》而轻经史(shi),骏惧雅道陵迟,乃潜心儒(ru)典。属高(gao)贵(gui)乡公幸太学(xue),问《尚书》义(yi)(yi)于峻,峻援引(yin)师(shi)说,发明经旨,申暢疑滞,对答详悉。迁(qian)秘(mi)(mi)书丞(cheng)。长(zhang)安有大狱,久不(bu)决,拜(bai)峻侍御(yu)史(shi),往断之(zhi)(zhi),朝野称(cheng)允。武帝践阼,赐爵关(guan)中侯(hou),迁(qian)司空长(zhang)史(shi),转秘(mi)(mi)书监、御(yu)史(shi)中丞(cheng),拜(bai)侍中,加谏(jian)议大夫。常侍帝讲《诗(shi)》,中庶子何(he)劭论《风》《雅》正变之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),峻起(qi)难往反,四坐(zuo)莫(mo)能(neng)屈之(zhi)(zhi)。
是时风(feng)俗趣竞,礼让陵迟。峻上疏(shu)曰(yue):
臣闻黎庶(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,人众(zhong)而(er)(er)贤(xian)(xian)寡;设(she)官分职,则官寡而(er)(er)贤(xian)(xian)众(zhong)。为(wei)贤(xian)(xian)众(zhong)而(er)(er)多(duo)官,则妨化;以(yi)(yi)无官而(er)(er)弃(qi)贤(xian)(xian),则废道。是故(gu)圣(sheng)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)世也(ye)(ye)(ye),因人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,或出或处,故(gu)有朝廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),又有山(shan)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)。朝廷(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),佐主(zhu)成(cheng)化,犹人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有股肱(gong)心膂,共为(wei)一体也(ye)(ye)(ye)。山(shan)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),被褐怀玉,太上栖于丘园,高(gao)节(jie)出于众(zhong)庶(shu)。其次(ci)轻爵服,远(yuan)耻辱以(yi)(yi)全志。最(zui)下就列位,惟无功而(er)(er)能知(zhi)止。彼其清劭足以(yi)(yi)抑(yi)贪污,退让足以(yi)(yi)息鄙事。故(gu)在朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)闻其风而(er)(er)悦(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),将受爵者皆耻躬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不逮。斯山(shan)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)、避宠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣所以(yi)(yi)为(wei)美也(ye)(ye)(ye),先王(wang)嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。节(jie)虽(sui)离世,而(er)(er)德合于主(zhu);行虽(sui)诡朝,而(er)(er)功同于政。故(gu)大者有玉帛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,其次(ci)有几杖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,以(yi)(yi)厚德载物(wu),出处有地。既廊庙多(duo)贤(xian)(xian)才,而(er)(er)野人亦不失(shi)为(wei)君子,此先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弘也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
秦塞(sai)斯路,利(li)出(chu)一官(guan)。虽有处(chu)士之(zhi)名(ming),而(er)(er)无爵列于(yu)(yu)(yu)朝者,商君谓(wei)之(zhi)六蝎,韩非谓(wei)之(zhi)五蠹。时不(bu)知德,惟爵是(shi)闻。故闾阎以(yi)(yi)公乘侮其乡(xiang)人,郎(lang)中以(yi)(yi)上爵傲其父(fu)兄。汉祖反之(zhi),大(da)暢斯否。任萧、曹以(yi)(yi)天下(xia),重四皓(hao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)南山。以(yi)(yi)张良之(zhi)勋(xun),而(er)(er)班在叔(shu)孙(sun)之(zhi)后;盖公之(zhi)贱,而(er)(er)曹相谘(zi)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)政。帝王贵德于(yu)(yu)(yu)上,俗亦(yi)反本于(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)。故田(tian)叔(shu)等十人,汉廷(ting)臣(chen)无能出(chu)其右者,而(er)(er)未尝(chang)干(gan)禄(lu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)时。以(yi)(yi)释之(zhi)之(zhi)贵,结(jie)王生之(zhi)袜于(yu)(yu)(yu)朝,而(er)(er)其名(ming)愈重。自非主臣(chen)尚德兼爱,孰能通天下(xia)之(zhi)志(zhi),如(ru)此其大(da)者乎!
夫(fu)不(bu)革百(bai)王之(zhi)(zhi)弊(bi),徒(tu)务救(jiu)世之(zhi)(zhi)政,文士竞智而(er)务入,武(wu)夫(fu)恃力而(er)争先(xian)。官高(gao)矣,而(er)意未满;功(gong)(gong)报矣,其求不(bu)已(yi)。又(you)国无随才任官之(zhi)(zhi)制,俗无难进(jin)易退之(zhi)(zhi)耻。位一高(gao),虽无功(gong)(gong)而(er)不(bu)见下,已(yi)负败而(er)后(hou)(hou)见用。故因前而(er)升,则处士之(zhi)(zhi)路塞(sai)矣。又(you)仕者黜陟无章,是(shi)(shi)以普(pu)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)下,先(xian)竞而(er)后(hou)(hou)让,举世之(zhi)(zhi)士,有进(jin)而(er)无退。大(da)人溺于(yu)动俗,执政挠(nao)于(yu)群言,衡石为之(zhi)(zhi)失平,清浊安可复分?昔者先(xian)王患向之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以取天(tian)下者,今之(zhi)(zhi)为弊(bi),是(shi)(shi)故功(gong)(gong)成必改其物(wu),业定必易其教。虽以爵禄使下,臣无贪陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)行;虽以甲兵定功(gong)(gong),主无穷武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)悔也。
臣(chen)愚以(yi)为(wei)古者大(da)夫七十悬车,今自(zi)非元功(gong)国(guo)老,三司上才,可(ke)听七十致仕,则(ze)士无怀禄(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)嫌矣(yi)。其父母(mu)八十,可(ke)听终(zhong)养(yang),则(ze)孝(xiao)莫(mo)大(da)于(yu)事亲矣(yi)。吏历试无绩,依古终(zhong)身不(bu)仕,则(ze)官(guan)(guan)无秕政矣(yi)。能小而不(bu)能大(da),可(ke)降(jiang)还涖小,则(ze)使人以(yi)器矣(yi)。人主进人以(yi)礼,退人以(yi)礼,人臣(chen)亦量能受爵矣(yi)。其有孝(xiao)如(ru)王(wang)(wang)阳,临九折而去官(guan)(guan),洁如(ru)贡禹,冠一(yi)免而不(bu)著,及知止如(ru)王(wang)(wang)孙,知足如(ru)疏广,虽(sui)去列位而居东野(ye),与人父言(yan),依于(yu)慈,与人子言(yan),依于(yu)孝(xiao)。此其出言(yan)合(he)于(yu)国(guo)检(jian),危(wei)行彰(zhang)于(yu)本朝。去势如(ru)脱(tuo)屣,路人为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)陨(yun)涕;辞(ci)宠如(ru)金石,庸夫为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)兴行。是故先王(wang)(wang)许(xu)之(zhi)(zhi),而圣人贵之(zhi)(zhi)。
夫(fu)人(ren)之(zhi)性陵上,犹水(shui)之(zhi)趣下(xia)(xia)也,益而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已必决,升而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已必困。始(shi)于匹夫(fu)行义不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敦,终于皇(huang)舆为之(zhi)败绩,固(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慎也。下(xia)(xia)人(ren)并(bing)心进趣,上宜以退让去其甚者(zhe)。退让不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以刑罚使,莫若听朝士(shi)时(shi)时(shi)从(cong)志,山林往往间(jian)出。无使入者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能复(fu)出,往者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能复(fu)反。然后出处交(jiao)泰,提衡而立,时(shi)靡有争,天下(xia)(xia)可得而化矣。
又疾世浮华,不修(xiu)名实,著论以非之,文繁不载。九年卒,诏赐朝(chao)服(fu)一具、衣(yi)一袭、钱三(san)十万。临终,敕子珉(min)朝(chao)卒夕殡(bin),幅巾布衣(yi),葬(zang)勿(wu)择日。珉(min)奉遵(zun)遗(yi)命(ming),敛(lian)以时服(fu)。二子:珉(min)、敳。
珉字子(zi)琚。性淳和(he)好学,行己(ji)忠恕。少历散骑常侍(shi)(shi)、本国中(zhong)正、侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong),封长岑男。怀(huai)帝之没刘元(yuan)海(hai)也,珉从在平阳(yang)。元(yuan)海(hai)大会,因(yin)使帝行酒,珉不(bu)胜(sheng)悲愤(fen),再(zai)拜(bai)上酒,因(yin)大号哭,贼(zei)恶之。会有告珉及王(wang)亻(ren)隽等谋(mou)应刘琨者,元(yuan)海(hai)因(yin)图弑(shi)逆,珉等并(bing)遇害(hai)。初,洛阳(yang)之未(wei)陷也,珉为侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong),直于省内(nei),谓同(tong)僚许遐曰:“世路如此,祸难将及,吾当死(si)乎此屋耳(er)!”及是(shi),竟不(bu)免焉(yan)。太(tai)元(yuan)末,追(zhui)谥(shi)曰贞(zhen)。
敳字子(zi)嵩(song)。长不满七尺,而(er)腰(yao)带十围(wei),雅(ya)有远韵(yun)。为陈留相,未尝(chang)以事婴心,从容酣暢(chang),寄通而(er)已。处众人(ren)中,居然独(du)立。尝(chang)读《老》《庄》,曰:“正与人(ren)意暗同。”太尉王衍(yan)雅(ya)重之。
敳(ai)见王室多难(nan),终知婴祸(huo),乃著(zhu)《意(yi)(yi)赋(fu)》以豁情,犹(you)贾谊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《服鸟(niao)》也。其(qi)词曰:“至(zhi)理归于(yu)(yu)浑(hun)一兮(xi)(xi)(xi),荣辱固(gu)亦同(tong)贯(guan)。存亡既已均齐兮(xi)(xi)(xi),正尽(jin)死(si)复何叹。物咸(xian)定于(yu)(yu)无初(chu)兮(xi)(xi)(xi),俟(si)时至(zhi)而(er)(er)后验。若(ruo)(ruo)四节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)素代兮(xi)(xi)(xi),岂当今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得远?且安有(you)(you)寿(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)夭兮(xi)(xi)(xi),或(huo)者情横多恋。宗统竟初(chu)不别兮(xi)(xi)(xi),大德亡其(qi)情愿。蠢动(dong)皆神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为兮(xi)(xi)(xi),痴圣惟质(zhi)所建(jian)。真人都(dou)遣秽累(lei)兮(xi)(xi)(xi),性茫(mang)荡而(er)(er)无岸。纵驱于(yu)(yu)辽廓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庭兮(xi)(xi)(xi),委体乎寂(ji)寥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馆。天地短(duan)于(yu)(yu)朝生兮(xi)(xi)(xi),亿代促(cu)于(yu)(yu)始旦。顾瞻宇宙微细(xi)兮(xi)(xi)(xi),眇若(ruo)(ruo)豪锋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半(ban)。飘摇玄旷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域兮(xi)(xi)(xi),深漠暢而(er)(er)靡玩。兀与(yu)自然并体兮(xi)(xi)(xi),融液忽而(er)(er)四散。”从子亮见赋(fu),问(wen)曰:“若(ruo)(ruo)有(you)(you)意(yi)(yi)也,非赋(fu)所尽(jin);若(ruo)(ruo)无意(yi)(yi)也,复何所赋(fu)?”答曰:“在有(you)(you)无之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间耳(er)!”
迁吏(li)部郎。是时(shi)天下多故(gu),机变屡(lv)起,敳常静默(mo)无为(wei)。参东海王越太傅军(jun)事,转军(jun)谘祭(ji)酒。时(shi)越府多隽异,敳在其中(zhong),常自袖手。豫州牧长史(shi)河南郭象善《老(lao)》《庄》,时(shi)人以(yi)为(wei)王弼(bi)之亚。敳甚(shen)知之,每曰:“郭子(zi)玄何必减瘐子(zi)嵩”。象后为(wei)太傅主(zhu)簿,任事专势。敳谓象曰:“卿自是当世大才,我畴昔之意都(dou)已尽(jin)矣。”
敳(ai)(ai)(ai)有(you)重名,为搢(jin)绅所推,而(er)聚敛积实,谈者讥之。都(dou)官(guan)从事(shi)(shi)温峤奏之,岂(qi)攵(po)更器峤,目峤森森如千丈松,虽礧砢多节,施(shi)之大厦(sha),有(you)栋梁之用。时刘舆见任于越,人(ren)士(shi)多为所构,惟敳(ai)(ai)(ai)纵心事(shi)(shi)外,无(wu)迹可间。后以其性俭家(jia)富,说越令(ling)就换钱千万,冀其有(you)吝,因(yin)此可乘。越于众坐(zuo)中问于敳(ai)(ai)(ai),而(er)敳(ai)(ai)(ai)乃穨(tui)然已醉(zui),帻堕机上,以头就穿取,徐答云:“下官(guan)家(jia)有(you)二(er)千万,随(sui)公所取矣。”舆于是乃服。越甚悦,因(yin)曰:“不(bu)(bu)可以小人(ren)之虑度君子之心。”王衍不(bu)(bu)与敳(ai)(ai)(ai)交,敳(ai)(ai)(ai)卿之不(bu)(bu)置。衍曰:“君不(bu)(bu)得为耳。”敳(ai)(ai)(ai)曰:“卿自(zi)(zi)君我(wo),我(wo)自(zi)(zi)卿卿。我(wo)自(zi)(zi)用我(wo)家(jia)法(fa),卿自(zi)(zi)用卿家(jia)法(fa)。”衍甚奇之。石(shi)勒之乱,与衍俱被(bei)害,时年五十(shi)。
郭(guo)象,字子玄,少有才理,好(hao)《老》《庄》,能清(qing)言(yan)。太(tai)尉王衍每云:“听象语,如(ru)悬河泻水(shui),注而不(bu)竭。”州郡辟召,不(bu)就(jiu)。常闲居,以文(wen)论自(zi)娱。后辟司徒掾,稍至(zhi)黄门侍郎。东海王越引为太(tai)傅主簿,甚见亲委,遂任(ren)职(zhi)当权,熏灼内外,由是素论去之。永(yong)嘉末病卒(zu),著(zhu)碑论十二篇。
先是,注(zhu)《庄子》者(zhe)数十家(jia),莫能究其(qi)(qi)旨统。向秀(xiu)于旧注(zhu)外而(er)为解义(yi),妙(miao)演奇致(zhi),大暢(chang)玄风(feng),惟《秋(qiu)水》、《至乐(le)》二篇未(wei)竟而(er)秀(xiu)卒(zu)。秀(xiu)子幼,其(qi)(qi)义(yi)零(ling)落,然颇有别(bie)本(ben)迁流。象为人行薄,以秀(xiu)义(yi)不传于世(shi),遂窃以为己注(zhu),乃自注(zhu)《秋(qiu)水》、《至乐(le)》二篇,又易《马蹄》一篇,其(qi)(qi)余众篇或(huo)点定文句而(er)巳。其(qi)(qi)后秀(xiu)义(yi)别(bie)本(ben)出,故今有向、郭(guo)二《庄》,其(qi)(qi)义(yi)一也。
庾纯(chun)(chun),字谋甫,博学有才义(yi)(yi),为(wei)世(shi)儒(ru)宗(zong)。郡补(bu)主(zhu)簿,仍参(can)征南府,累迁黄门侍郎(lang),封关(guan)内侯(hou),历中(zhong)书令(ling)、河南尹(yin)(yin)。初,纯(chun)(chun)以(yi)贾充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)奸(jian)佞,与任(ren)恺共举(ju)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)西镇关(guan)中(zhong),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)由(you)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)平。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)尝宴朝士(shi),而(er)纯(chun)(chun)后至,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)谓曰(yue)(yue):“君行常居(ju)人前,今何(he)以(yi)在(zai)后?”纯(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue):“旦(dan)有小市(shi)井事不(bu)(bu)(bu)了,是以(yi)来后。”世(shi)言纯(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)尝有伍伯者(zhe),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)有市(shi)魁者(zhe),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、纯(chun)(chun)以(yi)此相讥焉。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)自(zi)(zi)以(yi)位(wei)隆望重(zhong),意殊(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平。及(ji)纯(chun)(chun)行酒(jiu),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)时饮(yin)。纯(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue):“长(zhang)者(zhe)为(wei)寿,何(he)敢尔乎!”充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)曰(yue)(yue):“父(fu)老(lao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)归(gui)供(gong)养(yang),将何(he)言也(ye)!”纯(chun)(chun)因(yin)发怒曰(yue)(yue):“贾充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)!天下凶(xiong)凶(xiong),由(you)尔一(yi)人。”充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)曰(yue)(yue):“充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)辅佐二世(shi),荡(dang)平巴、蜀,有何(he)罪(zui)而(er)天下为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凶(xiong)凶(xiong)?”纯(chun)(chun)曰(yue)(yue):“高贵乡公(gong)(gong)何(he)在(zai)?”众坐因(yin)罢。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)左(zuo)右欲执纯(chun)(chun),中(zhong)护军(jun)羊琇、侍中(zhong)王(wang)济佑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)得出(chu)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)惭怒,上(shang)(shang)(shang)表解职。纯(chun)(chun)惧,上(shang)(shang)(shang)河南尹(yin)(yin)、关(guan)内侯(hou)印绶,上(shang)(shang)(shang)表自(zi)(zi)劾曰(yue)(yue):“司(si)空公(gong)(gong)贾充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)请(qing)(qing)诸卿(qing)校并(bing)及(ji)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)量,饮(yin)酒(jiu)过(guo)多。醉(zui)乱行酒(jiu),重(zhong)酌(zhuo)于(yu)公(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肯饮(yin),言语往来,公(gong)(gong)遂(sui)诃臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)父(fu)老(lao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)归(gui)供(gong)养(yang),卿(qing)为(wei)无天地。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服罪(zui)自(zi)(zi)引,而(er)更忿怒,厉声名公(gong)(gong),临时喧饶,遂(sui)至荒越。礼(li),‘八十月制’,诚以(yi)衰老(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian),变难(nan)无常也(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)惟生育(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩,求养(yang)老(lao)父(fu),而(er)怀禄贪荣,乌(wu)鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)若(ruo)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)为(wei)三公(gong)(gong),论道(dao)兴(xing)化,以(yi)教义(yi)(yi)责臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen),是也(ye)。而(er)以(yi)枉错直,居(ju)下犯(fan)(fan)上(shang)(shang)(shang),醉(zui)酒(jiu)迷荒,昏乱仪度(du)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)得以(yi)凡才,擢授显任(ren)。《易》戒濡首,《论》诲酒(jiu)困,而(er)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)闻义(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服,过(guo)言盈庭,黩幔台司(si),违犯(fan)(fan)宪度(du),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)训。请(qing)(qing)台免臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)官,廷(ting)尉结罪(zui),大鸿(hong)胪削(xue)爵土。敕(chi)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)谨,伏须罪(zui)诛(zhu)。”御史中(zhong)丞孔(kong)恂(xun)劾纯(chun)(chun),请(qing)(qing)免官。诏(zhao)曰(yue)(yue):“先(xian)王(wang)崇尊卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),明贵贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序,著(zhu)温克之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),记沈酗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸(huo),所(suo)以(yi)光宣道(dao)化,示人轨(gui)仪也(ye)。昔广(guang)汉(han)陵慢宰(zai)相,获犯(fan)(fan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑;灌夫托(tuo)醉(zui)肆忿,致诛(zhu)毙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)。纯(chun)(chun)以(yi)凡才,备位(wei)卿(qing)尹(yin)(yin),不(bu)(bu)(bu)惟谦敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节,不(bu)(bu)(bu)忌(ji)覆车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戒,陵上(shang)(shang)(shang)无礼(li),悖言自(zi)(zi)口,宜加显黜,以(yi)肃朝伦。”遂(sui)免纯(chun)(chun)官。
又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)纯(chun)(chun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)老不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求(qiu)供养,使据礼(li)典(dian)正其(qi)臧(zang)否。太(tai)傅(fu)何曾、太(tai)尉荀顗(yi)、骠骑将军齐(qi)王攸议曰:“凡(fan)断(duan)正臧(zang)否,宜(yi)先(xian)(xian)稽(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)、律(lv)(lv)。八十(shi)者,一子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)政(zheng);九(jiu)十(shi)者,其(qi)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)政(zheng)。新令亦如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。按(an)纯(chun)(chun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)年(nian)八十(shi)一,兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)六(liu)人(ren)(ren),三人(ren)(ren)在(zai)家(jia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)废(fei)侍(shi)养。纯(chun)(chun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求(qiu)供养,其(qi)于(yu)礼(li)、律(lv)(lv)未(wei)有(you)违也。司(si)空公以(yi)(yi)(yi)纯(chun)(chun)备位卿(qing)尹(yin),望其(qi)有(you)加于(yu)人(ren)(ren)。而纯(chun)(chun)荒醉,肆(si)其(qi)忿(fen)怒。臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)纯(chun)(chun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)远(yuan)布孝(xiao)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,而近习常人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失,应在(zai)讥贬。”司(si)徒石苞议:“纯(chun)(chun)荣(rong)官忘(wang)亲(qin),恶(e)闻格言,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忠不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao),宜(yi)除名(ming)削爵土。”司(si)徒西(xi)曹掾刘(liu)斌(bin)议以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei):“敦叙风俗,以(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)伦为(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian);人(ren)(ren)伦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教,以(yi)(yi)(yi)忠孝(xiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主。忠故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)其(qi)君(jun),孝(xiao)故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)其(qi)亲(qin)。若孝(xiao)必(bi)专(zhuan)心于(yu)色(se)养,则(ze)(ze)明君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)而臣(chen);忠必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顾其(qi)亲(qin),则(ze)(ze)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)而子(zi)也。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)者,必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)义断(duan)其(qi)恩;为(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)也,必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)情割其(qi)义。在(zai)朝则(ze)(ze)从(cong)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,在(zai)家(jia)则(ze)(ze)随父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制。然后君(jun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)两济,忠孝(xiao)各序。纯(chun)(chun)兄(xiong)(xiong)峻以(yi)(yi)(yi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)老求(qiu)归(gui)(gui),峻若得(de)(de)归(gui)(gui),纯(chun)(chun)无不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)归(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势;峻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)归(gui)(gui),纯(chun)(chun)无得(de)(de)归(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。纯(chun)(chun)虽(sui)自闻,同不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)听。近辽东太(tai)守(shou)孙和、广汉太(tai)守(shou)邓良皆(jie)有(you)老母,良无兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di),授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远(yuan)郡,辛苦自归(gui)(gui),皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)听。且纯(chun)(chun)近为(wei)(wei)(wei)京尹(yin),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)在(zai)界(jie)内,时得(de)(de)自启定(ding)省(sheng),独于(yu)礼(li)法外处其(qi)贬黜(chu),斌(bin)愚(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)非理也。礼(li),年(nian)八十(shi),一子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)政(zheng)。纯(chun)(chun)有(you)二(er)弟(di)在(zai)家(jia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)违礼(li)。又(you)令,年(nian)九(jiu)十(shi),乃听悉归(gui)(gui)。今(jin)纯(chun)(chun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)实(shi)未(wei)九(jiu)十(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)犯(fan)令。骂辱宰相,宜(yi)加放斥,以(yi)(yi)(yi)明国典(dian)。圣恩恺悌,示加贬退,臣(chen)愚(yu)无所清(qing)议。”河南(nan)功曹史庞札等(deng)表曰:
臣郡前尹关内侯(hou)纯,醉(zui)酒(jiu)失(shi)常(chang),《戊申诏书(shu)》既(ji)免尹官,以父笃(du)老不(bu)求供养,下五府(fu)依礼典(dian)正其(qi)(qi)臧否。臣谨按(an)三王养老之(zhi)(zhi)制,八十(shi),一子不(bu)从(cong)政(zheng);九十(shi),其(qi)(qi)家不(bu)从(cong)政(zheng),斯诚使(shi)人无阙孝养之(zhi)(zhi)道,为(wei)臣不(bu)违在(zai)公之(zhi)(zhi)节也(ye)。先王制礼垂(chui)训,莫(mo)尚(shang)于周(zhou)。当其(qi)(qi)时也(ye),姬公留(liu)周(zhou),伯禽之(zhi)(zhi)鲁,孝子不(bu)匮,典(dian)礼无愆。今公府(fu)议(yi),七十(shi)时制,八十(shi)月制,欲以驳夺从(cong)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)限,削除爵土。是为(wei)公旦立法,还(hai)自越之(zhi)(zhi),鲁侯(hou)为(wei)子,即为(wei)罚首也(ye)。石(shi)奋期颐,四子列郡。近太宰献(xian)王诸子,亦有籓外。古今同符,忠孝并(bing)济。
臣(chen)闻悔(hui)吝之(zhi)(zhi)疵(ci),君(jun)子(zi)有之(zhi)(zhi)。尹(yin)(yin)性(xing)少(shao)饮多,遂至沈(shen)醉。尹(yin)(yin)醒闻知(zhi),悼(dao)恨(hen)前(qian)失,执谦引罪(zui),深自(zi)奏(zou)劾,求入重法。今(jin)公府(fu)不原(yuan)所(suo)由,而(er)(er)谓傲很,是(shi)为(wei)重罪(zui)过(guo)醉之(zhi)(zhi)言,而(er)(er)没迷复(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)。臣(chen)闻父子(zi)天(tian)性(xing),爱由自(zi)然,君(jun)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)交,出自(zi)义合,而(er)(er)求忠臣(chen)必于孝子(zi)。是(shi)以(yi)先王立礼(li)(li),敬同于父,原(yuan)始要终,齐于所(suo)生,如(ru)此犹患人(ren)臣(chen)罕能致身(shen)。今(jin)公府(fu)议(yi)云,礼(li)(li)律虽有常限,至于疾病归养(yang),不夺(duo)其志。如(ru)此则为(wei)礼(li)(li)禁(jin)正直,而(er)(er)陷人(ren)以(yi)诈,违越(yue)王制,开其殆(dai)原(yuan)。尹(yin)(yin)少(shao)履清苦,事(shi)亲色养(yang),历职内(nei)外,公廉无(wu)私(si),此陛下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)屡发明诏,而(er)(er)尹(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)仍见(jian)擢授也(ye)(ye)。尹(yin)(yin)行己也(ye)(ye)恭,率下(xia)也(ye)(ye)敬,先众后己,实是(shi)宿心。一(yi)旦由醉,责以(yi)暴慢(man)。按奏(zou)状不忠不孝,群公建议(yi)削(xue)除(chu)爵土,此愚臣(chen)所(suo)以(yi)自(zi)悲自(zi)悼(dao),拊(fu)心泣血也(ye)(ye)。
按今父(fu)母年(nian)过(guo)八十,听(ting)令其子不(bu)给(ji)限外职,诚以(yi)(yi)得有归(gui)(gui)来之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缘。今尹(yin)(yin)(yin)居在郡内,前每表屡蒙定(ding)省。尹(yin)(yin)(yin)昆弟六人,三人在家(jia),孝(xiao)养(yang)不(bu)废(fei)。兄侍中(zhong)峻(jun),家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫡长(zhang),往比自表,求归(gui)(gui)供(gong)养(yang),诏(zhao)喻不(bu)听(ting)。国体法同,兄弟无(wu)异,而虚责(ze)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)不(bu)求供(gong)养(yang)如斯,臣惧长(zhang)假(jia)饰(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,而损忠(zhong)诚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)也。夫礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所以(yi)(yi)经国家(jia),定(ding)社稷也。故(gu)陶唐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隆,顺考古典;周成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,率由旧章。伏(fu)惟陛下圣德钦明,敦(dun)礼(li)崇教,畴(chou)谘四岳,以(yi)(yi)详典制。尹(yin)(yin)(yin)以(yi)(yi)犯违受黜,而所由者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)醉。公以(yi)(yi)教义见责(ze),而所因者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)忿。积(ji)忿以(yi)(yi)立义,由醉以(yi)(yi)得罪,礼(li)律(lv)不(bu)复为断,文致欲以(yi)(yi)成法。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)愚臣敢(gan)冒(mao)死(si)亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛,而耻不(bu)伸于盛明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世。惟蒙哀(ai)察(cha)。
帝复(fu)下诏曰:“自中世以(yi)来,多为(wei)(wei)贵(gui)重顺意(yi),贱(jian)者(zhe)生情(qing),故令释之(zhi)、定国得扬名于(yu)前(qian)世。今(jin)议(yi)责(ze)庾(yu)纯(chun)(chun)(chun),不(bu)惟温克,醉(zui)酒沈湎,此责(ze)人(ren)以(yi)齐圣也(ye)。疑贾公(gong)亦(yi)醉(zui),若其不(bu)醉(zui),终不(bu)于(yu)百客之(zhi)中责(ze)以(yi)不(bu)去(qu)官(guan)供养也(ye)。大晋依(yi)圣人(ren)典礼(li),制(zhi)臣(chen)子出(chu)处之(zhi)宜(yi)(yi),若有八十,皆当归(gui)养,亦(yi)不(bu)独纯(chun)(chun)(chun)也(ye)。古(gu)人(ren)云:‘由(you)醉(zui)之(zhi)言,俾出(chu)童羖(gu)。’明不(bu)责(ze)醉(zui),恐失(shi)度(du)也(ye)。所以(yi)免纯(chun)(chun)(chun)者(zhe),当为(wei)(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)来之(zhi)醉(zui)戒耳。齐王、刘掾(yuan)议(yi)当矣。”复(fu)以(yi)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)国子祭酒,加散骑(qi)常侍(shi)。后将(jiang)(jiang)军荀眅于(yu)朝(chao)会中奏纯(chun)(chun)(chun)以(yi)前(qian)坐不(bu)孝免黜,不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)升(sheng)进(jin)(jin)。侍(shi)中甄德进(jin)(jin)曰:“孝以(yi)显亲为(wei)(wei)大,禄养为(wei)(wei)荣。诏赦(she)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)前(qian)愆(qian),擢为(wei)(wei)近侍(shi),兼(jian)掌教官(guan),此纯(chun)(chun)(chun)召不(bu)俟驾之(zhi)日(ri)。而后将(jiang)(jiang)军眅敢以(yi)私议(yi)贬夺公(gong)论(lun),抗言矫情(qing),诬罔朝(chao)廷,宜(yi)(yi)加贬黜。”眅坐免官(guan)。
初,眅(pan)与(yu)纯俱为大将军所(suo)辟,眅(pan)整(zheng)丽(li)车服,纯率(lv)素而(er)已,眅(pan)以(yi)(yi)为愧(kui)恨。至是,毁纯。眅(pan)既免黜,纯更以(yi)(yi)此愧(kui)之(zhi),亟(ji)往慰(wei)勉(mian)之(zhi),时人称(cheng)纯通恕。
迁侍中(zhong),以父(fu)忧去官。起(qi)为御史中(zhong)丞(cheng),转尚书。除魏郡太守,不之(zhi)官,拜少府。年六十(shi)四卒。子旉。
旉(fu)字允臧。少有(you)清节,历位博士。齐王攸之(zhi)就(jiu)国也,下礼官议(yi)崇锡之(zhi)物(wu)。旉(fu)与博士太叔广(guang)、刘暾(tun)、缪蔚、郭颐、秦秀、傅珍等(deng)上表(biao)谏曰(yue):
《书(shu)》称帝尧“克明(ming)俊(jun)德,以(yi)亲九族(zu)”。武王(wang)光有天下,兄弟之国(guo)十(shi)(shi)有六人,同姓之国(guo)四十(shi)(shi)人,元(yuan)勋睦(mu)亲,显以(yi)殊礼,而鲁、卫、齐、晋大(da)启土宇(yu),并受(shou)分(fen)器。所谓惟善所在,亲疏一也。大(da)晋龙兴,隆(long)唐、周(zhou)之远迹,王(wang)室亲属,佐命(ming)功(gong)臣,咸受(shou)爵土,而四海乂(yi)安。今(jin)吴、会已平(ping),诏大(da)司马齐王(wang)出统方(fang)岳,当(dang)遂抚其国(guo)家,将(jiang)准古(gu)典(dian),以(yi)垂永制。
昔周之(zhi)(zhi)选建明德以(yi)左右(you)王(wang)室(shi)也(ye)(ye),则周公(gong)为太宰,康(kang)叔为司(si)(si)寇,聃季为司(si)(si)空。及召(zhao)、芮、毕、毛诸国,皆入居公(gong)卿(qing)大(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)位,明股肱(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)重(zhong),守(shou)地之(zhi)(zhi)位轻也(ye)(ye),未(wei)闻古(gu)典(dian)以(yi)三(san)事之(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)出之(zhi)(zhi)国者。汉氏诸侯(hou)王(wang)位尊势重(zhong),在丞相三(san)公(gong)上。其(qi)入赞朝(chao)政者,乃有兼官(guan),其(qi)出之(zhi)(zhi)国,亦不复假(jia)台司(si)(si)虚名为隆宠也(ye)(ye)。
昔申无宇(yu)曰(yue)“五(wu)大不在边”,先(xian)儒以为(wei)贵(gui)(gui)宠公子公孙,累世正卿也(ye)(ye)。又曰(yue)“五(wu)细不在庭”,先(xian)儒以为(wei)贱(jian)妨(fang)贵(gui)(gui),少陵长(zhang),远间亲,新(xin)间旧(jiu),小加大也(ye)(ye)。不在庭,不在朝廷为(wei)政也(ye)(ye)。又曰(yue):“亲不在外,羁(ji)不在内。今弃(qi)疾在外,郑丹在内,君(jun)其少戒(jie)之。”叔向(xiang)有言:“公室将卑,其枝叶先(xian)落(luo)。”公族(zu),公室之本,而(er)去之,谚所谓芘焉而(er)纵寻斧柯者也(ye)(ye)。
今使齐(qi)王(wang)贤(xian)邪(xie),则不(bu)宜以(yi)母弟之(zhi)亲尊,居鲁、卫之(zhi)常(chang)职;不(bu)贤(xian)邪(xie),不(bu)宜大启(qi)土宇,表(biao)建(jian)东海也。古礼,三公无职,坐而(er)论道(dao),不(bu)闻(wen)以(yi)方任婴之(zhi)。惟周室大坏,宣王(wang)中兴,四夷(yi)交侵,救急朝夕,然后(hou)命召穆(mu)公征淮夷(yi)。故其诗曰“徐(xu)方不(bu)回(hui),王(wang)曰旋(xuan)归”,宰相(xiang)不(bu)得久在外(wai)也。今天下已定,六合为家,将数延三事,与论太平(ping)之(zhi)基,而(er)更出之(zhi),去王(wang)城二千里,违旧(jiu)章矣。
旉(fu)草(cao)议,先以呈父(fu)纯,纯不禁。太常郑默、博(bo)士(shi)祭(ji)酒曹志并过其(qi)事。武帝以博(bo)士(shi)不答所问(wen),答所不问(wen),大怒,事下有司。尚书硃(zhu)整、褚等奏:“旉(fu)等侵官(guan)离局(ju),迷(mi)罔(wang)朝廷(ting),崇饰恶(e)言,假(jia)托(tuo)无讳,请收旉(fu)等八人付廷(ting)尉(wei)(wei)科罪(zui)。”旉(fu)父(fu)纯诣廷(ting)尉(wei)(wei)自首:“旉(fu)以议草(cao)见示,愚浅听之。”诏免(mian)纯罪(zui)。
廷尉刘颂又(you)(you)奏旉(fu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)大(da)(da)不敬(jing),弃(qi)市论,求平(ping)议(yi)。尚(shang)书又(you)(you)奏请报听廷尉行刑。尚(shang)书夏侯骏(jun)谓硃(zhu)整曰:“国(guo)家乃(nai)欲诛(zhu)谏臣!官(guan)立八座(zuo),正(zheng)为此时,卿可共驳正(zheng)之。”整不从,骏(jun)怒起,曰:“非所望也!”乃(nai)独(du)为驳议(yi)。左仆射魏(wei)舒、右(you)仆射下(xia)邳王(wang)晃(huang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)从骏(jun)议(yi)。奏留中七日,乃(nai)诏曰:“旉(fu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)备为儒官(guan),不念奉宪制(zhi),不指(zhi)答所问,敢肆其诬罔之言,以(yi)干乱(luan)视(shi)听。而旉(fu)是议(yi)主(zhu),应为戮首(shou)。但(dan)旉(fu)及家人(ren)并自首(shou),大(da)(da)信不可夺。秦秀(xiu)、傅珍前者虚妄,幸而得免(mian),复不以(yi)为惧(ju),当加罪戮,以(yi)彰(zhang)凶慝。犹复不忍,皆丐其死命(ming)。秀(xiu)、珍、旉(fu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)并除名。”后数岁,复起为散骑侍(shi)郎。终于国(guo)子祭(ji)酒。
秦秀,字玄良(liang),新兴云中人也。父朗(lang),魏骁骑(qi)将军。秀少(shao)敦学(xue)行,以忠直知名(ming)。咸(xian)宁(ning)中,为博士。何曾卒,下礼官议谥(shi)。秀议曰:
故太(tai)宰(zai)何曾(ceng)(ceng),虽(sui)阶世族之(zhi)(zhi)胤,而(er)(er)少(shao)以(yi)高亮严肃,显登王朝。事亲有(you)色养之(zhi)(zhi)名,在官奏科尹(yin)模(mo),此二(er)(er)者实(shi)得臣(chen)子(zi)事上之(zhi)(zhi)概。然(ran)资(zi)性骄奢,不(bu)循轨则。《诗》云:“节(jie)彼南山,惟石岩(yan)岩(yan),赫赫师尹(yin),人具尔瞻。”言(yan)其德行(xing)高峻,动(dong)必(bi)以(yi)礼耳(er)。丘明有(you)言(yan):“俭,德之(zhi)(zhi)恭;侈(chi),恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)大也。”大晋受命,劳廉(lian)隐约,曾(ceng)(ceng)受宠二(er)(er)代,显赫累(lei)世。暨乎耳(er)顺之(zhi)(zhi)年,身兼三公之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),食(shi)大国之(zhi)(zhi)租,荷(he)保(bao)傅之(zhi)(zhi)贵,执司(si)徒之(zhi)(zhi)均。二(er)(er)子(zi)皆金(jin)貂(diao)卿校,列于帝侧。方之(zhi)(zhi)古人,责深负重(zhong),虽(sui)举门尽死(si),犹不(bu)称(cheng)位(wei)。而(er)(er)乃骄奢过(guo)度,名被(bei)(bei)九域(yu),行(xing)不(bu)履(lv)道,而(er)(er)享位(wei)非常。以(yi)古义(yi)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),非惟失辅相之(zhi)(zhi)宜,违断金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)利也。秽皇代之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei),坏人伦之(zhi)(zhi)教,生(sheng)天下之(zhi)(zhi)丑,示后生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)傲,莫大于此。自近世以(yi)来,宰(zai)臣(chen)辅相,未有(you)受垢辱之(zhi)(zhi)声,被(bei)(bei)有(you)司(si)之(zhi)(zhi)劾,父(fu)子(zi)尘累(lei)而(er)(er)蒙恩贷若曾(ceng)(ceng)者也。
周公(gong)吊二季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陵迟(chi),哀大教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)行,于是作谥(shi)(shi)以纪其终。曾参奉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),启手归(gui)全,易箦而没,盖明(ming)慎终,死而后已。齐(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史氏,乱世(shi)陪臣耳,犹书君贼,累(lei)死不(bu)惩。况于皇代守典之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),敢畏强盛,而不(bu)尽礼。管子(zi)有言:“礼义廉(lian)耻,是谓四维,四维不(bu)张,国(guo)乃灭亡。”宰相(xiang)大臣,人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表仪,若生极(ji)其情,死又无贬,是则帝室(shi)无正刑(xing)也。王公(gong)贵人(ren),复(fu)何畏哉!所谓四维,复(fu)何寄乎!谨(jin)按《谥(shi)(shi)法(fa)》:“名(ming)与实爽(shuang)曰(yue)(yue)缪,怙乱肆行曰(yue)(yue)丑。”曾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行己,皆(jie)与此同,宜(yi)谥(shi)(shi)缪丑公(gong)。
时虽不同秀议,而闻(wen)者惧焉。
秀(xiu)性忌谗(chan)佞,疾之如仇,素(su)轻鄙贾充,及伐(fa)吴之役,闻其为(wei)大(da)都(dou)督,谓所亲者(zhe)曰:“充文(wen)案小才,乃(nai)居伐(fa)国(guo)大(da)任,吾将哭(ku)以送师。”或(huo)止(zhi)秀(xiu)曰:“昔蹇叔知(zhi)秦军(jun)必败,故哭(ku)送其子耳。今吴君无道,国(guo)有自亡之形,群率(lv)践境,将不(bu)战而(er)溃。子之哭(ku)也(ye),既为(wei)不(bu)智(zhi),乃(nai)不(bu)赦之罪。”于是(shi)乃(nai)止(zhi)。及孙皓降于王濬,充未(wei)之知(zhi),方以吴未(wei)可平,抗表(biao)请班师。充表(biao)与告捷(jie)同至,朝野以充位居人上,智(zhi)出人下,佥以秀(xiu)为(wei)知(zhi)言。
及充(chong)薨,秀议曰:“充(chong)舍宗族弗授,而(er)以(yi)(yi)异姓为后(hou),悖礼溺(ni)情,以(yi)(yi)乱(luan)大伦。昔(xi)鄫养(yang)外孙(sun)莒公(gong)子为后(hou),《春秋》书‘莒人灭鄫’。圣人岂(qi)不知外孙(sun)亲(qin)邪!但以(yi)(yi)义推之,则(ze)无父子耳。又案诏书‘自(zi)非功如太(tai)宰,始封无后(hou)如太(tai)宰,所取必(bi)己自(zi)出如太(tai)宰,不得(de)以(yi)(yi)为比’。然(ran)则(ze)以(yi)(yi)外孙(sun)为后(hou),自(zi)非元功显德,不之得(de)也。天(tian)子之礼,盖可然(ran)乎?绝(jue)父祖之血(xue)食(shi),开(kai)朝廷(ting)之祸门。《谥(shi)法》‘昏乱(luan)纪度曰荒’,请谥(shi)荒公(gong)。”不从。
王(wang)濬(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)平吴(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勋(xun),而(er)为(wei)王(wang)浑所(suo)谮毁(hui)。帝虽不(bu)从,无明赏罚,以(yi)濬(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)辅(fu)国(guo)大将军,天(tian)(tian)下(xia)咸为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怨。秀乃上言(yan)曰:“自大晋(jin)启(qi)祚,辅(fu)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao),率以(yi)旧恩。此为(wei)王(wang)濬(jun)(jun)(jun)无功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,受九列之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)显(xian)位,立功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后更得宠人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辱号(hao)也。四海视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),孰不(bu)失(shi)望!蜀小吴(wu)(wu)(wu)大,平蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,二将皆就加(jia)三(san)事,今(jin)濬(jun)(jun)(jun)还而(er)降等(deng),天(tian)(tian)下(xia)安得不(bu)惑乎!吴(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未亡也,虽以(yi)三(san)祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神武(wu),犹(you)躬受其(qi)屈。以(yi)孙皓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚名,足以(yi)惊动诸夏,每一小出,虽圣心(xin)知其(qi)垂亡,然中国(guo)辄怀惶怖。当(dang)尔时,有(you)能借天(tian)(tian)子百万之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众,平而(er)有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与国(guo)家结兄弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交,臣恐(kong)朝(chao)野实皆甘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。今(jin)濬(jun)(jun)(jun)举(ju)蜀、汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒,数旬而(er)平吴(wu)(wu)(wu),虽举(ju)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)财宝以(yi)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),本非(fei)己分有(you)焉(yan),而(er)遽与计(ji)校乎?”
后与刘暾等同议齐王攸事,忤(wu)旨(zhi),除名。寻复起(qi)为博士。秀性(xing)悻直(zhi),与物多忤(wu)。为博士前后垂二十年,卒于官。
史臣曰(yue):齐献王(wang)以明德(de)茂亲(qin),经邦(bang)论道(dao),允(yun)厘庶绩,式叙彝(yi)伦。武帝纳奸谄之(zhi)(zhi)邪谋(mou),怀绍终(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)远虑,遂乃君兹青土,作牧东(dong)籓。远迩惊(jing)嗟,朝野失望(wang)。曹志等(deng)服膺(ying)教(jiao)义,方轨儒门,蹇蹇匪躬,慺(lv)慺(lv)体国(guo)。故能抗(kang)言凤(feng)阙(que),忤犯龙鳞(lin),身虽暂屈,道(dao)亦弘矣!庾(yu)氏世载清德(de),见称于世,汝颍之(zhi)(zhi)多奇士,斯焉取(qu)斯。谋(mou)甫素(su)疾(ji)佞邪,而发因醉饱,投鼠忌器,岂易由(you)言。窃人之(zhi)(zhi)财,犹(you)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)盗,子玄(xuan)假(jia)誉攘善(shan),将非盗乎!
赞曰:魏氏维(wei)城,济北知(zhi)名(ming)。颍川多士,峻亦(yi)飞英(ying)。长岑徇(xun)义,祭酒遗荣(rong)。谋甫三爵,酗(xu)[QBDM]斯作。象既(ji)攘善,秀惟瘅恶。旉献嘉谋,几趋(qu)鼎镬(huo)。
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