晋书--列传第(di)三十七(qi)
温峤(jiao) 郗鉴(jian)(子愔(yin) 愔(yin)子超 愔(yin)弟昙 鉴(jian)叔父隆)
温峤,字太真,司(si)徒羡弟之(zhi)子也。父憺,河(he)东太守。峤性(xing)聪敏,有(you)识(shi)量,博学(xue)能属(shu)文(wen),少以孝悌称(cheng)于邦族。风仪秀整,美于谈论,见(jian)者皆爱(ai)悦之(zhi)。年十七,州郡辟召(zhao),皆不就。司(si)隶命为都官从事。散骑常侍庾敳有(you)重名,而(er)颇(po)聚敛,峤举(ju)奏之(zhi),京都振肃(su)。后举(ju)秀才、灼然。司(si)徒辟东阁祭酒,补上(shang)党潞(lu)令(ling)。
平北大将(jiang)军(jun)刘琨妻(qi),峤(jiao)(jiao)之从(cong)母也。琨深礼之,请为参军(jun)。琨迁(qian)大将(jiang)军(jun),峤(jiao)(jiao)为从(cong)事中(zhong)郎、上党太守,加建威将(jiang)军(jun)、督护前锋军(jun)事。将(jiang)兵讨(tao)石勒,屡(lv)有战功。琨迁(qian)司空,以(yi)峤(jiao)(jiao)为右司马。于(yu)时并土荒残,寇盗群起(qi),石勒、刘聪(cong)跨带疆埸(yi),峤(jiao)(jiao)为之谋主,琨所凭恃焉。
属二都倾覆,社(she)稷绝祀,元帝初镇江(jiang)左(zuo),琨(kun)(kun)诚系(xi)王室,谓峤(jiao)曰(yue):“昔班彪识(shi)刘氏(shi)之(zhi)复(fu)兴,马援(yuan)知汉(han)光之(zhi)可辅。今晋祚虽(sui)衰,天命(ming)未(wei)改,吾欲立(li)功(gong)河朔,使(shi)卿延誉江(jiang)南,子其行乎?”对曰(yue):“峤(jiao)虽(sui)无(wu)管张之(zhi)才,而明公有桓文之(zhi)志,欲建(jian)匡合之(zhi)功(gong),岂敢辞命(ming)。”乃以为左(zuo)长史,檄告华夷,奉表(biao)劝进。峤(jiao)既(ji)至,引(yin)见,具(ju)陈琨(kun)(kun)忠诚,志在(zai)效节,因说(shuo)社(she)稷无(wu)主(zhu),天人系(xi)望(wang),辞旨(zhi)慷慨。举朝属目(mu),帝器而喜(xi)焉。王导(dao)、周顗、谢鲲(kun)、庾亮、桓彝等并与(yu)亲善(shan)。于时江(jiang)左(zuo)草创,纲维未(wei)举,峤(jiao)殊(shu)以为忧。及见王导(dao)共谈,欢然(ran)曰(yue);“江(jiang)左(zuo)自有管夷吾,吾复(fu)何虑!”屡求反(fan)命(ming),不(bu)许。会琨(kun)(kun)为段(duan)匹磾所害(hai),峤(jiao)表(biao)琨(kun)(kun)忠诚,虽(sui)勋业(ye)不(bu)遂,然(ran)家破身亡,宜在(zai)褒崇,以慰海内(nei)之(zhi)望(wang)。帝然(ran)之(zhi)。
除(chu)散骑侍郎。初(chu),峤(jiao)欲(yu)将命,其(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)崔(cui)氏固止之,峤(jiao)绝裾而去。其(qi)(qi)后(hou)母(mu)(mu)亡,峤(jiao)阻乱不获(huo)归葬,由是(shi)固让不拜,苦请北归。诏三司、八坐议其(qi)(qi)事,皆(jie)曰:“昔伍员(yuan)志复私仇,先假(jia)诸侯之力,东(dong)奔阖闾,位为上将,然后(hou)鞭荆王之尸。若峤(jiao)以母(mu)(mu)未葬没在(zai)胡虏者,乃(nai)应竭其(qi)(qi)智谋,仰(yang)凭皇灵,使逆寇冰消,反(fan)哀墓次,岂可稍以乖嫌(xian),废其(qi)(qi)远图哉!”峤(jiao)不得已,乃(nai)受(shou)命。
后历骠骑王(wang)导长史,迁太(tai)(tai)子中庶子。及(ji)在东宫,深见宠(chong)遇(yu),太(tai)(tai)子与(yu)为(wei)布衣之交。数陈规讽,又(you)献《侍臣(chen)箴》,甚有弘益。时太(tai)(tai)子起西池楼观,颇为(wei)劳费,峤上(shang)疏以(yi)为(wei)朝廷草(cao)创,巨寇(kou)未(wei)灭,宜应俭以(yi)率下(xia),务农重兵(bing),太(tai)(tai)子纳(na)焉。王(wang)敦举(ju)兵(bing)内(nei)向,六军败(bai)绩(ji),太(tai)(tai)子将自(zi)出战(zhan),峤执鞚谏曰:“臣(chen)闻善战(zhan)者(zhe)不怒,善胜者(zhe)不武,如何万乘储(chu)副(fu)而以(yi)身(shen)轻天下(xia)!”太(tai)(tai)子乃(nai)止。
明帝(di)即(ji)位,拜(bai)侍中,机密大(da)谋(mou)皆(jie)所参(can)综,诏命文(wen)翰亦悉豫焉。俄转中书令。峤(jiao)有栋梁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren),帝(di)亲而(er)倚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),甚为(wei)(wei)王敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)所忌(ji),因请(qing)为(wei)(wei)左司(si)马(ma)。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)阻兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)朝(chao)(chao),多行(xing)陵纵,峤(jiao)谏敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue):“昔周公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)成王,劳谦(qian)吐握,岂(qi)好勤(qin)而(er)恶逸哉!诚(cheng)由处(chu)大(da)任(ren)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)尔。而(er)公自还辇毂(gu),入辅朝(chao)(chao)政,阙拜(bai)觐(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,简人(ren)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪,不(bu)(bu)达圣(sheng)心者(zhe)莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)於邑。昔帝(di)舜(shun)服(fu)(fu)事(shi)(shi)唐尧,伯禹竭身虞(yu)庭,文(wen)王虽盛,臣节(jie)不(bu)(bu)愆(qian)。故有庇人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)德,必有事(shi)(shi)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)心,俾方烈奋乎百世,休风流(liu)乎万祀。至(zhi)圣(sheng)遗轨,所不(bu)(bu)宜忽。愿思舜(shun)、禹、文(wen)王服(fu)(fu)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勤(qin),惟(wei)公旦吐握之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),则(ze)天下幸甚。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)不(bu)(bu)纳。峤(jiao)知(zhi)其终不(bu)(bu)悟,于(yu)是谬为(wei)(wei)设敬,综其府(fu)事(shi)(shi),干说(shuo)密谋(mou),以(yi)附(fu)其欲。深结钱(qian)凤(feng)(feng),为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声誉,每曰(yue):“钱(qian)世仪精神满腹。”峤(jiao)素有知(zhi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,凤(feng)(feng)闻而(er)悦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),深结好于(yu)峤(jiao)。会丹(dan)阳(yang)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)缺(que),峤(jiao)说(shuo)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue):“京尹(yin)(yin)(yin)辇毂(gu)喉舌,宜得(de)文(wen)武兼能(neng),公宜自选(xuan)其才。若朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)用人(ren),或不(bu)(bu)尽理。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),问峤(jiao)谁(shei)可作(zuo)者(zhe)。峤(jiao)曰(yue):“愚谓钱(qian)凤(feng)(feng)可用。”凤(feng)(feng)亦推峤(jiao),峤(jiao)伪辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)不(bu)(bu)从,表补(bu)丹(dan)阳(yang)尹(yin)(yin)(yin)。峤(jiao)犹(you)惧钱(qian)凤(feng)(feng)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奸谋(mou),因敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)饯别,峤(jiao)起行(xing)酒,至(zhi)凤(feng)(feng)前,凤(feng)(feng)未及饮,峤(jiao)因伪醉(zui),以(yi)手版击凤(feng)(feng)帻坠,作(zuo)色曰(yue):“钱(qian)凤(feng)(feng)何(he)人(ren),温太(tai)真(zhen)行(xing)酒而(er)敢不(bu)(bu)饮!”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)醉(zui),两释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。临去(qu)言别,涕(ti)泗横(heng)流(liu),出阁(ge)复入,如是再三,然(ran)(ran)后即(ji)路。及发后,凤(feng)(feng)入说(shuo)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue):“峤(jiao)于(yu)朝(chao)(chao)廷(ting)甚密,而(er)与庾亮(liang)深交,未必可信。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue):“太(tai)真(zhen)昨醉(zui),小(xiao)加(jia)声色,岂(qi)得(de)以(yi)此便相(xiang)谗贰(er)。”由是凤(feng)(feng)谋(mou)不(bu)(bu)行(xing),而(er)峤(jiao)得(de)还都,乃(nai)具奏敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逆(ni)谋(mou),请(qing)先为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)备。
及(ji)(ji)敦(dun)构逆,加峤中垒将(jiang)军(jun)、持(chi)节、都(dou)督(du)东安(an)北部(bu)诸军(jun)事(shi)。敦(dun)与王(wang)导书曰(yue):“太真(zhen)别来(lai)几日(ri),作如此事(shi)!”表诛奸臣,以峤为首(shou)。募生得峤者,当自拔其(qi)舌。及(ji)(ji)王(wang)含(han)、钱凤奄至(zhi)都(dou)下,峤烧硃雀桁(heng)以挫其(qi)锋(feng),帝怒(nu)之(zhi),峤曰(yue):“今宿(su)卫寡弱(ruo),征兵未至(zhi),若贼豕突,危及(ji)(ji)社稷,陛下何(he)惜一桥。”贼果不得渡(du)。峤自率众与贼夹水战(zhan),击王(wang)含(han),败之(zhi),复督(du)刘遐追钱凤于(yu)江宁。事(shi)平,封建宁县(xian)开国公(gong),赐绢五千四百匹,进(jin)号前将(jiang)军(jun)。
时制王敦纲纪(ji)除(chu)名(ming),参(can)佐禁固,峤(jiao)上疏曰:“王敦刚愎不仁(ren),忍行(xing)杀戮,亲任小人(ren),疏远(yuan)君子(zi)(zi),朝廷所(suo)不能抑,骨肉所(suo)不能间。处(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)朝者恆惧危亡,故人(ren)士(shi)结舌,道路以(yi)目,诚贤人(ren)君子(zi)(zi)道穷数(shu)尽(jin),遵(zun)养时晦之辰也(ye)。且敦为大逆之日,拘录人(ren)士(shi),自免无路,原其(qi)(qi)(qi)私(si)心,岂遑(huang)晏处(chu),如(ru)陆玩、羊(yang)曼(man)、刘胤、蔡(cai)谟、郭璞常(chang)与臣言,备知之矣(yi)。必(bi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)凶悖,自可罪人(ren)斯得(de);如(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)枉入奸党,宜(yi)施之以(yi)宽。加以(yi)玩等之诚,闻(wen)于圣听,当受同(tong)贼之责(ze),实(shi)负其(qi)(qi)(qi)心。陛下仁(ren)圣含弘,思求允中(zhong);臣阶缘博纳,干非其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi),诚在(zai)爱才,不忘忠益(yi)。”帝从之。
是时(shi)(shi)(shi)天下(xia)凋弊,国(guo)用不足(zu),诏公卿以(yi)(yi)下(xia)诣都坐论时(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所先(xian)(xian),峤因奏军国(guo)要务(wu)。其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰:“祖约退舍(she)寿阳(yang),有(you)(you)将来之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难。今二(er)方(fang)(fang)守御,为功尚易(yi)。淮泗都督,宜(yi)(yi)竭力(li)以(yi)(yi)资之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。选(xuan)名重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,配征兵(bing)(bing)(bing)五千(qian)人,又择(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)偏(pian)将,将二(er)千(qian)兵(bing)(bing)(bing),以(yi)(yi)益(yi)寿阳(yang),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)保固徐(xu)豫,援助(zhu)司土(tu)。”其(qi)二(er)曰:“一(yi)(yi)(yi)夫不耕(geng),必(bi)有(you)(you)受(shou)其(qi)饥者(zhe)。今不耕(geng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫,动有(you)(you)万计(ji)。春(chun)废劝课之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),冬峻出租之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令,下(xia)未见施(shi),惟赋(fu)是闻。赋(fu)不可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)己(ji),当思令百姓有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)殷(yin)实。司徒(tu)置田(tian)(tian)曹掾,州一(yi)(yi)(yi)人,劝课农桑,察吏能(neng)否,今宜(yi)(yi)依旧置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必(bi)得清恪奉(feng)公,足(zu)以(yi)(yi)宣示惠化者(zhe),则所益(yi)实弘(hong)矣。”其(qi)三曰:“诸外州郡将兵(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)及都督府非(fei)临(lin)敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)军,且(qie)(qie)田(tian)(tian)且(qie)(qie)守。又先(xian)(xian)朝(chao)(chao)使五校出田(tian)(tian),今四军五校有(you)(you)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe),及护军所统外军,可(ke)(ke)(ke)分遣二(er)军出,并屯要处。缘江上下(xia),皆有(you)(you)良(liang)田(tian)(tian),开(kai)荒须一(yi)(yi)(yi)年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)即易(yi)。且(qie)(qie)军人累重(zhong)者(zhe)在外,有(you)(you)樵采蔬食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,于事(shi)为便。”其(qi)四曰:“建(jian)官(guan)(guan)以(yi)(yi)理世,不以(yi)(yi)私(si)人也。如(ru)此则官(guan)(guan)寡而材(cai)精。周制(zhi)六卿莅事(shi),春(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi),入作卿辅,出将三军。后(hou)代建(jian)官(guan)(guan)渐(jian)多,诚由事(shi)有(you)(you)烦(fan)简耳(er)。然今江南六州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu),尚又荒残,方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平日,数十分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)耳(er)。三省军校无兵(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe),九府寺署可(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)并相领者(zhe),可(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)省半者(zhe),粗计(ji)闲剧,随事(shi)减之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。荒残之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)县,或(huo)同在一(yi)(yi)(yi)城,可(ke)(ke)(ke)并合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)此选(xuan)既(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)精,禄(lu)俸可(ke)(ke)(ke)优,令足(zu)代耕(geng),然后(hou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)责以(yi)(yi)清公耳(er)。”其(qi)五曰:“古者(zhe)亲耕(geng)藉田(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)供粢盛,旧置藉田(tian)(tian)、廪牺(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)。今临(lin)时(shi)(shi)(shi)市求,既(ji)上黩至敬,下(xia)费生(sheng)灵(ling),非(fei)所以(yi)(yi)虔奉(feng)宗庙蒸(zheng)尝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨。宜(yi)(yi)如(ru)旧制(zhi),立此二(er)官(guan)(guan)。”其(qi)六曰:“使命愈远(yuan),益(yi)宜(yi)(yi)得才,宣扬王化,延誉四方(fang)(fang)。人情不乐,遂(sui)取(qu)卑品(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,亏辱国(guo)命,生(sheng)长患(huan)害。故(gu)宜(yi)(yi)重(zhong)其(qi)选(xuan),不可(ke)(ke)(ke)减二(er)千(qian)石见居(ju)二(er)品(pin)(pin)者(zhe),”其(qi)七曰:“罪(zui)不相及,古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)也。近(jin)者(zhe)大逆,诚由凶(xiong)戾。凶(xiong)戾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚,一(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)权用。今遂(sui)施(shi)行(xing),非(fei)圣朝(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令典,宜(yi)(yi)如(ru)先(xian)(xian)朝(chao)(chao)除(chu)三族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)。”议奏,多纳(na)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
帝疾笃,峤(jiao)与王(wang)导、郗鉴、庚亮、陆晔、卞壸等(deng)同受顾命。时历(li)阳太守苏峻藏匿亡命,朝廷疑(yi)之(zhi)。征西将军陶侃有(you)威(wei)名于荆楚(chu),又以(yi)(yi)西夏(xia)为虞(yu),故(gu)使峤(jiao)为上流(liu)形援。咸(xian)和(he)初(chu),代应詹为江(jiang)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史、持节、都督(du)、平南将军,镇武昌,甚有(you)惠政,甄(zhen)异(yi)行能(neng),亲(qin)祭徐孺子之(zhi)墓。又陈豫(yu)章十(shi)郡之(zhi)要(yao),宜以(yi)(yi)刺(ci)史居之(zhi)。寻(xun)阳滨江(jiang),都督(du)应镇其地(di)。今(jin)以(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)贴府,进退不(bu)便。且古镇将多不(bu)领州(zhou)(zhou),皆以(yi)(yi)文武形势不(bu)同故(gu)也。宜选单车刺(ci)史别抚豫(yu)章,专(zhuan)理(li)黎(li)庶(shu)。”诏(zhao)不(bu)许。在镇见王(wang)敦画像,曰:“敦大(da)逆,宜加斫棺(guan)之(zhi)戮,受崔杼之(zhi)刑。古人阖棺(guan)而(er)定谥(shi),《春秋》大(da)居正(zheng),崇王(wang)父之(zhi)命,未有(you)受戮于天子而(er)图形于群下。”命削去之(zhi)。
峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)闻苏峻之(zhi)(zhi)征也,虑必有(you)(you)变,求还(hai)朝以备不(bu)(bu)虞,不(bu)(bu)听。未几(ji)而(er)苏峻果(guo)反。峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)屯(tun)寻(xun)阳,遣督护王愆(qian)期(qi)、西(xi)阳太(tai)守邓岳、鄱阳内(nei)史(shi)纪瞻等率舟师赴难。及京(jing)师倾(qing)覆,峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)闻之(zhi)(zhi)号恸。人有(you)(you)候之(zhi)(zhi)者,悲哭相(xiang)对。俄而(er)庾亮来奔(ben),宣(xuan)太(tai)后(hou)(hou)诏,进峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)骠骑将军、开府(fu)仪同(tong)三司。峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)曰(yue):“今日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)急,殄(tian)寇为(wei)先,未效勋庸而(er)逆受荣宠,非所闻也,何(he)以示(shi)天(tian)下乎(hu)!”固辞不(bu)(bu)受。时亮虽奔(ben)败,峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)每推崇之(zhi)(zhi),分兵给亮。遣王愆(qian)期(qi)等要陶侃(kan)同(tong)赴国难,侃(kan)恨不(bu)(bu)受顾命,不(bu)(bu)许(xu)。峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初从之(zhi)(zhi),后(hou)(hou)用其部将毛宝(bao)说,复(fu)固请侃(kan)行(xing),语在宝(bao)传(chuan)。初,峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)与庾亮相(xiang)推为(wei)盟(meng)主,峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)从弟(di)充言于(yu)峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)曰(yue):“征西(xi)位重兵强,宜共推之(zhi)(zhi)。”峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)于(yu)是(shi)遣王愆(qian)期(qi)奉侃(kan)为(wei)盟(meng)主。侃(kan)许(xu)之(zhi)(zhi),遣督护袭登率兵诣峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。峤(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)于(yu)是(shi)列上尚书(shu),陈峻罪状(zhuang),有(you)(you)众(zhong)七(qi)千,洒泣登舟,移告四方征镇(zhen)曰(yue):
贼臣(chen)祖约、苏(su)峻同恶相(xiang)济,用生邪(xie)心。天(tian)(tian)夺其(qi)(qi)魄,死期将(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)。谴负(fu)(fu)天(tian)(tian)地,自(zi)绝(jue)人伦。寇不可纵(zong),宜增军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)讨扑,辄(zhe)屯次湓口(kou)。即日护(hu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)庾亮(liang)至(zhi),宣太后(hou)诏,寇逼宫城,王旅挠败,出告籓臣(chen),谋(mou)宁社(she)稷(ji)。后(hou)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)郭(guo)默、冠军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)赵胤、奋(fen)宗(zong)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袭保与峤督护(hu)王愆期、西阳太守邓岳、鄱(po)阳内史纪瞻,率其(qi)(qi)所领,相(xiang)寻(xun)而(er)至(zhi)。逆贼肆凶,陵蹈宗(zong)庙,火(huo)延宫掖,矢流太极,二御(yu)幽逼,宰相(xiang)困迫,残虐朝(chao)士,劫辱子女(nv)。承(cheng)问悲惶,精魂(hun)飞散。峤暗弱不武(wu),不能徇难,哀恨自(zi)咎,五(wu)情摧(cui)陨,惭负(fu)(fu)先帝(di)托寄之重,义在毕力,死而(er)后(hou)已。今躬率所统,为士卒先,催进诸军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),一时电击。西阳太守邓岳、寻(xun)阳太守褚(chu)诞等连旗(qi)相(xiang)继,宣城内史桓(huan)彝已勒(le)所属屯滨(bin)江之要,江夏相(xiang)周抚乃(nai)心求征,军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)已向(xiang)路。
昔包(bao)胥楚国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)臣,重(zhong)趼致诚(cheng),义感诸(zhu)侯。蔺(lin)相如赵邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陪隶(li),耻(chi)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辱,按剑秦庭。皇汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季,董卓作乱(luan),劫迁献帝,虐害(hai)忠良(liang),兰东州郡相率同(tong)盟。广陵功曹(cao)臧洪,郡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小吏耳,登坛臿血,涕泪横(heng)流,慷慨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节,实厉(li)群后。况(kuang)今居台鼎,据方州,列名邦,受国(guo)恩者哉!不期而会,不谋而同(tong),不亦(yi)宜乎!
二贼(zei)合众,不盈五千,且外畏胡(hu)寇,城(cheng)内(nei)饥(ji)乏(fa),后(hou)(hou)将军郭默即于战阵俘杀贼(zei)千人。贼(zei)今虽残破(po)都邑,其宿卫兵(bing)人即时(shi)出散,不为贼(zei)用。且祖(zu)约情性褊厄,忌克(ke)不仁,苏(su)峻(jun)小子(zi),惟利是视,残酷骄猜,权相假合。江表(biao)兴义,以抗其前,强胡(hu)外寇,以蹑其后(hou)(hou),运漕隔绝,资食(shi)空悬,内(nei)乏(fa)外孤(gu),势何得久(jiu)!
群公(gong)(gong)征镇,职(zhi)在(zai)(zai)御(yu)侮。征西陶公(gong)(gong),国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)耆德(de),忠(zhong)肃义(yi)正,勋庸弘(hong)著。诸方镇州郡(jun)咸齐断(duan)金,同禀规略,以(yi)雪(xue)国(guo)耻,苟利社稷,死生以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。峤(jiao)虽怯(qie)劣(lie),忝据一方,赖忠(zhong)贤(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)规,文武之(zhi)(zhi)助,君子(zi)竭诚,小人尽力,高操之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)被(bei)褐而(er)从戎(rong),负(fu)薪之(zhi)(zhi)徒匍匐(fu)而(er)赴(fu)命,率其私仆,致其私杖,人士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)诚,竹帛(bo)不能载也。岂峤(jiao)无(wu)德(de)而(er)致之(zhi)(zhi)哉?士(shi)(shi)禀义(yi)风,人感皇(huang)泽(ze)。且护军庾公(gong)(gong),帝之(zhi)(zhi)元舅,德(de)望隆(long)重,率郭后军、赵、龚三将,与峤(jiao)戮力,得有资凭,且悲(bei)且庆(qing),若朝(chao)廷之(zhi)(zhi)不泯也。其各(ge)明(ming)率所(suo)统(tong),无(wu)后事(shi)机(ji)。赏募(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)信,明(ming)如日月。有能斩约峻者,封五等侯,赏布(bu)万匹。夫忠(zhong)为令德(de),为仁由己,万里一契,义(yi)不在(zai)(zai)言也。
时陶侃虽许自下而未发,复追其督(du)护龚登。峤重与侃书曰:
仆(pu)谓(wei)军(jun)有进而无退,宜增而不可减(jian)。近已移檄远(yuan)近,言于盟府,克后月(yue)半大举。南(nan)康、建安(an)(an)、晋安(an)(an)三郡(jun)军(jun)并(bing)在(zai)路次,同(tong)赴(fu)此会,惟须仁公(gong)所统至,便齐(qi)进耳。仁公(gong)今召(zhao)军(jun)还(hai),疑惑(huo)远(yuan)近,成败之由,将(jiang)在(zai)于此。
仆(pu)才(cai)轻(qing)任重,实凭仁公笃爱(ai),远禀(bing)成规。至于首启(qi)戎行,不(bu)敢有(you)辞,仆(pu)与(yu)仁公当如常山之蛇,首尾相卫(wei),又脣齿之喻(yu)也。恐惑(huo)者不(bu)达高(gao)旨,将谓仁公缓于讨贼,此(ci)声难追(zhui)。仆(pu)与(yu)仁公并受方(fang)岳之任,安危休戚,理既(ji)同之。且自顷之顾,绸缪(mou)往来,情(qing)深义(yi)重,著于人士之口,一旦有(you)急,亦望仁公悉(xi)众见救(jiu),况社(she)稷(ji)之难!
惟仆偏当(dang)一州(zhou),州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)武莫(mo)不翘企(qi)。假(jia)令(ling)此州(zhou)不守(shou),约峻树置官长于此,荆(jing)楚(chu)西(xi)逼强胡,东(dong)接逆贼,因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)饥馑,将来之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)乃当(dang)甚于此州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)日也。以(yi)大义(yi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则社(she)稷(ji)颠(dian)覆(fu),主辱臣(chen)死(si),公进当(dang)为大晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忠(zhong)臣(chen),参桓文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),开国(guo)承家(jia),铭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天府;退(tui)当(dang)以(yi)慈父雪爱子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)痛。
约峻凶(xiong)逆无道,囚制人(ren)士,裸其五形。近日来者,不可忍见(jian)。骨肉生离(li),痛感天(tian)地(di),人(ren)心齐(qi)一,咸(xian)皆切齿。今之进讨(tao),若(ruo)以石投卵耳!今出军(jun)既缓,复(fu)召兵还(hai),人(ren)心乖离(li),是(shi)为(wei)败于几成也。愿深察所陈,以副三军(jun)之望。
峻时杀侃(kan)子瞻(zhan),由是(shi)侃(kan)激励(li),遂率所统与峤、亮(liang)同赴京师,戎卒六万,旌旗七百(bai)余里(li)(li),钲鼓之(zhi)声震(zhen)于(yu)百(bai)里(li)(li),直(zhi)指石头,次于(yu)蔡洲(zhou)。侃(kan)屯(tun)查浦(pu),峤屯(tun)沙门浦(pu)。时祖约据历阳,与峻为首尾,见峤等(deng)军盛,谓其党曰:“吾(wu)本知峤能为四公子之(zhi)事,今果(guo)然矣。”
峻(jun)闻峤(jiao)将(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi),逼(bi)大(da)驾幸石(shi)头。时峻(jun)军(jun)多(duo)马,南(nan)军(jun)杖舟楫,不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢轻与交锋。用将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)李根(gen)计(ji),据白石(shi)筑(zhu)(zhu)垒以(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)固,使庾(yu)亮(liang)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。贼(zei)步骑万余来(lai)攻(gong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)而退(tui),追斩二百(bai)余级(ji)。峤(jiao)又(you)于(yu)四望(wang)矶筑(zhu)(zhu)垒以(yi)(yi)逼(bi)贼(zei),曰(yue):“贼(zei)必(bi)争之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),设伏(fu)以(yi)(yi)逸(yi)待劳(lao),是制贼(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一奇(qi)也。”是时义军(jun)屡战失(shi)利,峤(jiao)军(jun)食尽,陶侃怒曰(yue):“使君前云不(bu)(bu)(bu)忧(you)无(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)士,惟得老仆(pu)为(wei)主耳。今(jin)数战皆北,良将(jiang)(jiang)安(an)在?荆州(zhou)接(jie)胡蜀二虏,仓廪当备不(bu)(bu)(bu)虞(yu),若复无(wu)食,仆(pu)便(bian)欲(yu)西归,更思良算(suan)。但(dan)今(jin)岁计(ji),殄贼(zei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)晚也。”峤(jiao)曰(yue):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)然。自(zi)(zi)古成监,师克在和。光武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)济昆阳,曹公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)拔官渡,以(yi)(yi)寡敌众,杖义故(gu)也。峻(jun)、约小竖,为(wei)海内所患,今(jin)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju),决在一战。峻(jun)勇而无(wu)谋(mou),藉骄(jiao)胜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势,自(zi)(zi)谓无(wu)前,今(jin)挑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战,可一鼓(gu)则擒(qin)也。奈(nai)何舍垂立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,设进退(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计(ji)!且天(tian)子(zi)幽(you)逼(bi),社稷(ji)危殆,四海臣子(zi),肝脑涂地,峤(jiao)等与公(gong)并受国恩,是臻命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,事(shi)若克济,则臣主同祚,如其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)捷,身虽(sui)灰灭,不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)谢责于(yu)先帝。今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)势,义无(wu)旋踵,骑猛兽(shou),安(an)可中下(xia)哉!公(gong)若违众独反,人(ren)心(xin)必(bi)沮(ju)。沮(ju)众败事(shi),义旗将(jiang)(jiang)回指(zhi)于(yu)公(gong)矣。”侃无(wu)以(yi)(yi)对,遂(sui)留不(bu)(bu)(bu)去。
峤(jiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)创建行庙,广(guang)设坛(tan)场(chang),告皇天(tian)后土祖宗之灵(ling),亲读祝文,声气(qi)激(ji)扬,流涕覆面,三军(jun)莫(mo)能仰视。其日(ri)侃(kan)(kan)督水(shui)军(jun)向石(shi)头(tou)(tou),亮、峤(jiao)等率精(jing)勇一万从白石(shi)以挑(tiao)战。时峻(jun)劳其将(jiang)士,因醉,突阵马踬,为侃(kan)(kan)将(jiang)所(suo)斩,峻(jun)弟逸及(ji)子硕婴城自固。峤(jiao)乃(nai)立(li)行台,布(bu)告天(tian)下,凡(fan)故吏二千(qian)石(shi)、台郎御史以下,皆令(ling)赴台。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)至者(zhe)云集。司徒王导因奏峤(jiao)、侃(kan)(kan)录(lu)尚书(shu),遣间使宣旨,并让不(bu)(bu)受(shou)。贼(zei)(zei)将(jiang)匡术以台城来降(jiang),为逸所(suo)击,求(qiu)救(jiu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)峤(jiao)。江州别驾罗(luo)洞曰:“今水(shui)暴(bao)长,救(jiu)之不(bu)(bu)便,不(bu)(bu)如攻榻(ta)杭。榻(ta)杭军(jun)若败(bai),术围自解。”峤(jiao)从之,遂破贼(zei)(zei)石(shi)头(tou)(tou)军(jun)。奋威长史滕含抱天(tian)子奔于(yu)(yu)(yu)峤(jiao)船(chuan)。时陶侃(kan)(kan)虽(sui)为盟主,而(er)处分规略一出于(yu)(yu)(yu)峤(jiao),及(ji)贼(zei)(zei)灭,拜骠骑将(jiang)军(jun)、开府仪(yi)同三司,加散骑常(chang)侍,封始(shi)安郡公,邑三千(qian)户。
初(chu),峻(jun)党路永、匡术(shu)、贾宁中途悉以(yi)众归顺,王导将(jiang)褒显之,峤曰:“术(shu)辈首乱,罪(zui)莫大焉。晚(wan)虽改悟(wu),未足(zu)以(yi)补前失。全其(qi)首领,为幸已过(guo),何可(ke)复宠授哉!”导无以(yi)夺。
朝议将(jiang)留辅政,峤以导先(xian)帝所任,固(gu)辞还(hai)籓(fan)。复以京邑荒残,资用(yong)不(bu)给(ji),峤借资蓄,具(ju)器用(yong),而(er)后旋于武(wu)昌,至牛渚矶,水深(shen)不(bu)可(ke)测,世云(yun)其下(xia)多(duo)怪物(wu),峤遂毁犀(xi)角而(er)照之。须臾,见(jian)水族覆火,奇形异(yi)状,或乘马车著(zhu)赤衣(yi)者。峤其夜梦人谓己曰:“与君(jun)幽明(ming)道(dao)别,何意相照也?”意甚恶之。峤先(xian)有齿疾,至是(shi)拔之,因中(zhong)风(feng),至镇未旬而(er)卒,时(shi)年四(si)十二。江(jiang)州士庶闻(wen)之,莫不(bu)相顾而(er)泣。帝下(xia)册书曰:“朕(zhen)以眇身,纂(zuan)承洪绪,不(bu)能光阐(chan)大道(dao),化洽时(shi)雍,至乃狂(kuang)狡滔天(tian),社(she)稷危逼。惟公明(ming)鉴特达,识心经远,惧皇纲(gang)之不(bu)维,忿(fen)凶寇之纵暴,唱(chang)率(lv)群后,五(wu)州响应,首启戎(rong)行,元恶授(shou)馘。王室危而(er)复安,三光幽而(er)复明(ming),功格宇(yu)宙,勋著(zhu)八表。方(fang)赖大献以拯区夏,天(tian)不(bu)慭遗,早世薨殂,朕(zhen)用(yong)痛悼于厥心。夫褒(bao)德(de)铭动,先(xian)王之明(ming)典,今追赠公侍中(zhong)、大将(jiang)军(jun)、持节、都(dou)督、刺史,公如故,赐钱(qian)百万,布千匹(pi),谥(shi)曰忠武(wu),祠以太牢。”
初(chu)葬(zang)于(yu)豫章,后(hou)(hou)朝廷追峤(jiao)勋德,将为造(zao)大(da)墓于(yu)元明二帝陵之(zhi)(zhi)北,陶侃上表曰:“故大(da)将军峤(jiao)忠(zhong)(zhong)诚(cheng)著于(yu)圣世,勋义感(gan)于(yu)人(ren)神,非臣笔墨所能称(cheng)陈。临卒之(zhi)(zhi)际,与臣书(shu)别,臣藏之(zhi)(zhi)箧(qie)笥,时(shi)时(shi)省视,每一(yi)思述,未尝不中夜(ye)抚膺,临饭酸噎(ye)。‘人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)云亡’,峤(jiao)实(shi)当(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)。谨写峤(jiao)书(shu)上呈(cheng),伏惟陛(bi)下(xia)既垂御省,伤其(qi)情旨,死(si)不忘忠(zhong)(zhong),身没(mei)黄泉,追恨国(guo)耻(chi),将臣戮力,救济艰(jian)难,使亡而有知,抱恨结草,岂乐今日(ri)劳费之(zhi)(zhi)事。愿陛(bi)下(xia)慈恩,停其(qi)移葬(zang),使峤(jiao)棺柩无风波之(zhi)(zhi)危,魂(hun)灵(ling)安于(yu)后(hou)(hou)土。”诏(zhao)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)后(hou)(hou)峤(jiao)后(hou)(hou)妻何(he)氏(shi)卒,子放之(zhi)(zhi)便载丧还都。诏(zhao)葬(zang)建平(ping)陵北,并赠峤(jiao)前妻王氏(shi)及(ji)何(he)氏(shi)始安夫人(ren)印(yin)绶。
放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嗣(si)爵,少(shao)历清官,累至给事黄门侍(shi)郎。以贫,求为交(jiao)州,朝(chao)廷许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。王(wang)(wang)述与会稽王(wang)(wang)笺曰:“放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)温峤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子,宜见优异,而投之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岭外,窃用愕然(ran)。愿远(yuan)存周礼(li),近参(can)人情(qing),则望实惟(wei)允。”时竟不纳。放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既至南海,甚有威(wei)惠。将(jiang)征林邑(yi),交(jiao)阯太(tai)守杜宝(bao)、别驾阮(ruan)朗并不从,放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以其沮众,诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),勒兵进(jin),遂(sui)破林邑(yi)而还。卒于(yu)官。
弟(di)式之(zhi),新建县侯,位至散骑(qi)常侍。
郗鉴(jian),字道徽,高(gao)平金乡人,汉(han)御史大夫虑之玄孙也(ye)(ye)。少(shao)孤(gu)贫(pin),博览(lan)经籍(ji),躬(gong)耕(geng)陇亩(mu),吟咏不(bu)(bu)(bu)倦。以儒雅(ya)著(zhu)名,不(bu)(bu)(bu)应(ying)州命(ming)。赵王伦辟(pi)(pi)为掾,知伦有不(bu)(bu)(bu)臣之迹,称疾去职。及伦篡,其(qi)党皆至大官(guan),而(er)(er)(er)鉴(jian)闭门自守(shou),不(bu)(bu)(bu)染逆节(jie)。惠帝反正,参司空军事,累迁(qian)太(tai)子中舍人、中书侍郎(lang)。东海王越辟(pi)(pi)为主簿,举贤良,不(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)。征东大将军苟晞(xi)檄为从事中郎(lang)。晞(xi)与(yu)越方(fang)以力争(zheng),鉴(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)应(ying)其(qi)召(zhao)。从兄旭,晞(xi)之别驾,恐祸及己,劝(quan)之赴召(zhao),鉴(jian)终不(bu)(bu)(bu)回,晞(xi)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)之逼(bi)也(ye)(ye)。及京师不(bu)(bu)(bu)守(shou),寇难锋起,鉴(jian)遂(sui)陷于陈午(wu)贼中。邑人张实先求交于鉴(jian),鉴(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)许。至是,实于午(wu)营来省(sheng)鉴(jian)疾,既而(er)(er)(er)卿鉴(jian)。鉴(jian)谓(wei)实曰:“相与(yu)邦壤,义(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)及通(tong),何可怙乱至此邪!”实大惭而(er)(er)(er)退。午(wu)以鉴(jian)有名于世,将逼(bi)为主,鉴(jian)逃而(er)(er)(er)获免。午(wu)寻(xun)溃散,鉴(jian)得归乡里。于时所在(zai)饥荒,州中之士素(su)有感其(qi)恩(en)义(yi)者,相与(yu)资赡。鉴(jian)复分所得,以恤(xu)宗(zong)族及乡曲(qu)孤(gu)老,赖而(er)(er)(er)全济者甚多,咸相谓(wei)曰:“今天子播越,中原无伯,当归依仁德,可以后亡(wang)。”遂(sui)共推鉴(jian)为主,举千余家俱避难于鲁(lu)之峄(yi)山。
元帝初镇江左,承(cheng)制假鉴龙(long)骧将军(jun)(jun)、兗(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),镇邹山。时荀籓用(yong)李述,刘(liu)琨用(yong)兄子演,并为(wei)兗(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou),各屯一郡,以力相倾,阖(he)州(zhou)(zhou)编(bian)户,莫知所(suo)适。又(you)徐龛、石勒左右交(jiao)侵,日寻(xun)干戈,外无(wu)救援,百姓饥馑,或(huo)掘(jue)野(ye)鼠蛰(zhe)燕而(er)食之(zhi),终无(wu)叛(pan)者。三(san)年(nian)间(jian),众至数(shu)万。帝就加辅国(guo)将军(jun)(jun)、都督兗(yan)(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)诸军(jun)(jun)事。
永昌初,征(zheng)拜领军将军,既至,转尚书,以(yi)疾不(bu)(bu)(bu)拜。时(shi)明帝(di)初即位,王敦(dun)专制,内(nei)外危逼,谋杖鉴(jian)(jian)为(wei)外援,由是拜安西(xi)将军、兗州(zhou)刺史、都督(du)扬州(zhou)江西(xi)诸军、假节,镇(zhen)合肥。敦(dun)忌(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),表为(wei)尚书令,征(zheng)还。道(dao)(dao)经姑(gu)孰,与敦(dun)相(xiang)见,敦(dun)谓曰(yue)(yue):“乐彦(yan)辅短才耳(er)。后生流宕(dang),言违名检,考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)实,岂(qi)(qi)胜满武秋(qiu)邪(xie)?”鉴(jian)(jian)曰(yue)(yue):“拟人必于(yu)其伦。彦(yan)辅道(dao)(dao)韵(yun)平淡,体识冲粹,处(chu)倾危之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得而亲疏。及愍怀(huai)太子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)废,可(ke)谓柔(rou)而有正。武秋(qiu)失节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),何可(ke)同日而言!”敦(dun)曰(yue)(yue):“愍怀(huai)废徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际,交有危机(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急,人何能以(yi)死守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎!以(yi)此相(xiang)方,其不(bu)(bu)(bu)减明矣(yi)。”鉴(jian)(jian)曰(yue)(yue):“丈夫既洁身北面,义同在(zai)三,岂(qi)(qi)可(ke)偷生屈节,靦(tian)颜天壤(rang)邪(xie)!苟道(dao)(dao)数终极,固(gu)当存亡以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。”敦(dun)素怀(huai)无君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),闻(wen)鉴(jian)(jian)言,大忿(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遂(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)复相(xiang)见,拘(ju)留不(bu)(bu)(bu)遣。敦(dun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党与谮(jian)毁(hui)日至,鉴(jian)(jian)举止自若,初无惧(ju)心(xin)。敦(dun)谓钱凤曰(yue)(yue):“郗道(dao)(dao)徽儒(ru)雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),名位既重(zhong),何得害之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!”乃放(fang)还台(tai)。鉴(jian)(jian)遂(sui)与帝(di)谋灭敦(dun)。
既而(er)(er)钱凤攻逼京都,假鉴(jian)节(jie),加(jia)卫将(jiang)军、都督从(cong)驾(jia)诸军事。鉴(jian)以(yi)无益事实(shi),固辞不(bu)(bu)受军号。时议者以(yi)王含(han)、钱凤众力(li)百倍,苑城小而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)固,宜及(ji)军势(shi)未成(cheng),大驾(jia)自出距战。鉴(jian)曰:“群逆纵逸,其势(shi)不(bu)(bu)可当,可以(yi)算屈,难以(yi)力(li)竞。且含(han)等号令(ling)不(bu)(bu)一,抄(chao)盗相寻(xun),百姓惩往年之(zhi)暴,皆人自为守(shou)。乘逆顺之(zhi)势(shi),何往不(bu)(bu)克!且贼无经略远图,惟恃豕突(tu)一战,旷日持久(jiu),必启义士之(zhi)心(xin),令(ling)谋(mou)猷得展。今以(yi)此弱力(li)敌彼强寇,决胜负于一朝,定成(cheng)败于呼吸,虽(sui)有申胥之(zhi)徒,义存投(tou)袂,何补于既往哉!”帝从(cong)之(zhi)。鉴(jian)以(yi)尚(shang)书令(ling)领诸屯(tun)营(ying)。
及凤等平,温峤(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)议,请宥敦(dun)(dun)佐吏(li),鉴(jian)(jian)以为(wei)(wei)先(xian)王(wang)(wang)崇君臣之(zhi)(zhi)教,故贵伏死之(zhi)(zhi)节;昏亡之(zhi)(zhi)主,故开待放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)门(men)。王(wang)(wang)敦(dun)(dun)佐吏(li)虽多逼迫(po),然居逆乱之(zhi)(zhi)朝,无出关之(zhi)(zhi)操(cao),准之(zhi)(zhi)前训,宜加(jia)(jia)义(yi)责。又奏钱(qian)凤母年八十,宜蒙全(quan)宥。乃从之(zhi)(zhi)。封高(gao)平侯,赐(ci)绢四千八百匹。帝以其(qi)有器望,万机动静辄问之(zhi)(zhi),乃诏鉴(jian)(jian)特草上(shang)表(biao)疏(shu),以从简易(yi)。王(wang)(wang)导(dao)(dao)议欲赠周札官(guan),鉴(jian)(jian)以为(wei)(wei)不(bu)合,语在札传(chuan)。导(dao)(dao)不(bu)从。鉴(jian)(jian)于(yu)是驳之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“敦(dun)(dun)之(zhi)(zhi)逆谋,履霜日久,缘札开门(men),令王(wang)(wang)师不(bu)振。若敦(dun)(dun)前者之(zhi)(zhi)举(ju),义(yi)同桓文,则先(xian)帝可为(wei)(wei)幽厉邪?”朝臣虽无以难(nan),而不(bu)能从。俄而迁车骑将(jiang)军(jun)、都督(du)徐兗(yan)青(qing)三州(zhou)军(jun)事(shi)、兗(yan)州(zhou)刺(ci)史、假节,镇广(guang)陵。寻而帝崩,鉴(jian)(jian)与王(wang)(wang)导(dao)(dao)、卞壸、温峤(jiao)(jiao)、庾亮、陆晔等并受遗诏,辅少主,进位(wei)车骑大将(jiang)军(jun)、开府(fu)仪同三司(si),加(jia)(jia)散(san)骑常侍。
咸(xian)和(he)初,领徐州刺史(shi)。及祖约(yue)、苏峻反,鉴闻(wen)难(nan),便欲率所领东(dong)赴(fu)。诏以(yi)(yi)北(bei)寇(kou)不(bu)许(xu)。于是(shi)遣(qian)司马(ma)刘(liu)矩(ju)领三(san)千(qian)人宿卫京(jing)都。寻(xun)而王师(shi)败绩,矩(ju)遂退还。中书令(ling)庾亮宣(xuan)太后口(kou)诏,进鉴为(wei)司空。鉴去贼(zei)(zei)密迩(er),城孤粮绝(jue),人情业(ye)(ye)业(ye)(ye),莫有(you)固志(zhi),奉诏流涕,设坛场,刑白马(ma),大誓(shi)三(san)军曰:“贼(zei)(zei)臣(chen)祖约(yue)、苏峻不(bu)恭天(tian)命,不(bu)畏王诛,凶戾肆逆,干国之(zhi)纪,陵(ling)汨五常,侮弄神(shen)器,遂制胁幽主,拔本(ben)塞原,残(can)害忠良,祸虐黎庶(shu),使天(tian)地神(shen)祇靡(mi)所依(yi)归(gui)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)率土(tu)怨酷,兆庶(shu)泣血(xue),咸(xian)愿(yuan)奉辞罚(fa)罪,以(yi)(yi)除元恶。昔戎狄泯周(zhou),齐(qi)桓纠盟;董(dong)卓陵(ling)汉,群后致(zhi)讨。义(yi)存(cun)君亲,古今(jin)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)。今(jin)主上幽危(wei),百姓倒悬(xuan),忠臣(chen)正(zheng)士志(zhi)存(cun)报国。凡我同盟,既(ji)(ji)盟之(zhi)后,戮力一(yi)(yi)心,以(yi)(yi)救(jiu)社稷。若二(er)寇(kou)不(bu)枭,义(yi)无(wu)偷安。有(you)渝此(ci)盟,明神(shen)残(can)之(zhi)!”鉴登坛慷慨,三(san)军争(zheng)为(wei)用命。乃遣(qian)将(jiang)军夏(xia)侯(hou)长等间行,谓平南将(jiang)军温峤曰:“今(jin)贼(zei)(zei)谋(mou)欲挟(xie)天(tian)子东(dong)入会稽,宜先立(li)营垒,屯据要(yao)害,既(ji)(ji)防其越(yue)逸,又断贼(zei)(zei)粮运(yun),然后静镇京(jing)口(kou),清壁以(yi)(yi)待贼(zei)(zei)。贼(zei)(zei)攻城不(bu)拔,野(ye)无(wu)所掠,东(dong)道既(ji)(ji)断,粮运(yun)自绝(jue),不(bu)过(guo)百日,必自溃矣。”峤深(shen)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)然。
及陶侃为盟主,进鉴(jian)(jian)都督(du)扬州(zhou)八郡(jun)军(jun)事。时抚军(jun)将军(jun)王舒、辅(fu)军(jun)将军(jun)虞(yu)潭(tan)皆受鉴(jian)(jian)节度,率(lv)众(zhong)渡江,与侃会于茄子浦。鉴(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)白石垒而(er)(er)(er)据之。会舒、潭(tan)战不(bu)利,鉴(jian)(jian)与后将军(jun)郭默还(hai)丹徒,立大(da)(da)业(ye)、曲阿、庱(cheng)亭三(san)垒以(yi)距贼(zei)。而(er)(er)(er)贼(zei)将张健来攻大(da)(da)业(ye),城中(zhong)乏水,郭默窘迫,遂(sui)突围而(er)(er)(er)出(chu),三(san)军(jun)失色。参军(jun)曹纳(na)以(yi)为大(da)(da)业(ye)京口之捍,一旦不(bu)守,贼(zei)方轨而(er)(er)(er)前,劝鉴(jian)(jian)退还(hai)广陵以(yi)俟后举。鉴(jian)(jian)乃大(da)(da)会僚佐,责(ze)纳(na)曰:“吾蒙先帝厚顾,荷托(tuo)付之重,正复捐躯九泉不(bu)足以(yi)报。今强寇在郊(jiao),众(zhong)心危(wei)迫,君腹(fu)心之佐,而(er)(er)(er)生长异(yi)端,当(dang)何以(yi)率(lv)先义众(zhong),镇一三(san)军(jun)邪!”将斩之,久(jiu)而(er)(er)(er)乃释(shi)。会峻死(si),大(da)(da)业(ye)围解(jie)。及苏逸等走(zou)吴兴(xing),鉴(jian)(jian)遣参军(jun)李闳追斩之,降(jiang)男女万(wan)余口。拜(bai)司空,加侍中(zhong),解(jie)八郡(jun)都督(du),更(geng)封南昌县(xian)公,以(yi)先爵封其子昙。
时贼帅刘(liu)征聚(ju)众(zhong)数千(qian),浮海抄(chao)东南诸(zhu)县。鉴(jian)遂(sui)(sui)城(cheng)京口,加都督扬州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晋陵(ling)吴郡诸(zhu)军事(shi),率(lv)众(zhong)讨平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。进位太尉。后以(yi)(yi)寝(qin)疾(ji),上疏逊(xun)位曰:“臣(chen)疾(ji)弥留,遂(sui)(sui)至沈笃,自忖气力(li),差理难(nan)冀。有(you)生(sheng)有(you)死(si),自然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分。但忝位过才,会(hui)无以(yi)(yi)报(bao),上惭(can)先帝,下愧日月。伏枕哀叹,抱恨黄(huang)泉。臣(chen)今虚乏(fa),救命朝夕,辄以(yi)(yi)府事(shi)付长史刘(liu)遐,乞骸(hai)骨归(gui)(gui)丘园(yuan)。惟愿陛(bi)下崇山海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量,弘(hong)济大猷,任(ren)(ren)贤使能,事(shi)从(cong)简(jian)易,使康(kang)哉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌复兴于(yu)今,则臣(chen)虽死(si),犹(you)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日耳。臣(chen)所(suo)(suo)统错杂,率(lv)多(duo)北(bei)人,或逼迁徙(xi),或是(shi)(shi)新附(fu),百姓(xing)怀土,皆(jie)有(you)归(gui)(gui)本之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。臣(chen)宣国恩,示以(yi)(yi)好(hao)恶,处兴田宅,渐得少安。闻臣(chen)疾(ji)笃,众(zhong)情骇(hai)动,若(ruo)当北(bei)渡(du),必启寇心。太常臣(chen)谟(mo),平(ping)简(jian)贞正,素望所(suo)(suo)归(gui)(gui),谓可以(yi)(yi)为都督、徐州(zhou)刺史。臣(chen)亡兄(xiong)息晋陵(ling)内史迈,谦爱养士(shi),甚为流亡所(suo)(suo)宗(zong),又(you)是(shi)(shi)臣(chen)门户子弟,堪(kan)任(ren)(ren)兗州(zhou)刺史。公(gong)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),知无不为,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)敢希(xi)祁(qi)奚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju)。”疏奏,以(yi)(yi)蔡谟(mo)为鉴(jian)军司。鉴(jian)寻薨(hong),时年七十一。帝朝晡哭于(yu)朝堂,遣御史持(chi)节护(hu)丧(sang)事(shi),赠一依温峤故(gu)事(shi)。册曰:“惟公(gong)道德(de)冲邃(sui),体识(shi)弘(hong)远,忠(zhong)亮雅正,行为世表,历位内外,勋庸弥著。乃者约(yue)峻狂(kuang)狡,毒流朝廷,社(she)稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei),赖公(gong)以(yi)(yi)宁(ning)。功(gong)侔古烈,勋迈桓文(wen)。方倚大猷,籓翼时难(nan),昊天不吊,奄忽薨(hong)殂,朕用(yong)震悼于(yu)厥(jue)心。夫爵以(yi)(yi)显(xian)德(de),谥以(yi)(yi)表行,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)崇明轨迹,丕扬徽(hui)劭。今赠太宰,谥曰文(wen)成,祠以(yi)(yi)太牢。魂而有(you)灵,嘉兹宠荣。”
初(chu),鉴(jian)值(zhi)永(yong)嘉(jia)丧乱,在乡里(li)甚穷馁,乡人以(yi)鉴(jian)名德,传共饴之(zhi)。时兄子(zi)迈(mai)、外甥(sheng)周翼(yi)(yi)并(bing)小,常(chang)携之(zhi)就食。乡人曰:“各(ge)自饥困,以(yi)君(jun)贤,欲共相济耳,恐(kong)不能兼有所存。”鉴(jian)于是独往,食讫,以(yi)饭(fan)著两颊边(bian),还吐与二兒(er),后并(bing)得(de)存,同过江。迈(mai)位至护军,翼(yi)(yi)为剡县令。鉴(jian)之(zhi)薨也(ye),翼(yi)(yi)追抚育(yu)之(zhi)恩(en),解(jie)职而归(gui),席苫(shan)心丧三年(nian)。二子(zi):愔、昙。
愔字方(fang)回。少不(bu)(bu)交竞,弱(ruo)冠,除散骑侍郎,不(bu)(bu)拜(bai)。性至(zhi)孝,居父母忧,殆将灭(mie)性。服阕(que),袭(xi)爵南(nan)昌公(gong),征拜(bai)中(zhong)书侍郎。骠骑何(he)充辅政,征北将军褚裒镇京口,皆(jie)以愔为(wei)长(zhang)史。再迁黄门侍郎。时(shi)吴郡守阕(que),欲(yu)以愔为(wei)太守。愔自以资望少,不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)超莅大郡,朝议嘉(jia)之(zhi)。转为(wei)临海太守。会弟昙卒,益无处(chu)世意,在郡优(you)游,颇称简默(mo),与姊夫王(wang)羲(xi)之(zhi)、高士许(xu)询并(bing)有迈世之(zhi)风,俱栖心绝谷,修黄老(lao)之(zhi)术。后以疾去职(zhi),乃筑(zhu)宅章安,有终焉之(zhi)志(zhi)。十许(xu)年间,人事顿(dun)绝。
简文帝辅(fu)(fu)政,与(yu)尚书仆射江(jiang)[A170]等荐(jian)愔,以(yi)为(wei)执德存正(zheng),识怀沈敏,而(er)辞(ci)职(zhi)遗(yi)荣(rong),有不(bu)拔之操,成务(wu)须才,岂得遂其(qi)独(du)善,宜见征(zheng)(zheng)引,以(yi)参政术(shu)。于(yu)是征(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)光禄大(da)夫(fu),加散骑常侍。既(ji)到,更除太常,固让不(bu)拜。深抱冲退(tui),乐补远郡(jun),从之,出为(wei)辅(fu)(fu)国将(jiang)军(jun)、会稽内(nei)史(shi)。大(da)司马桓温以(yi)愔与(yu)徐兗(yan)有故义,乃迁愔都督徐兗(yan)青幽扬州之晋陵诸军(jun)事、领徐兗(yan)二州刺史(shi)、假节。虽(sui)居(ju)籓镇(zhen),非其(qi)好也。
俄属桓温北伐,愔(yin)请督(du)所部(bu)出河上,用其子超计,以(yi)己非将帅才(cai),不堪军旅,又固(gu)辞解职,劝温并领(ling)己所统(tong)。转冠军将军、会稽内史。
及帝践阼,就(jiu)加镇军(jun)、都督浙江东(dong)五郡(jun)军(jun)事。久之,以年老乞骸骨,因居会稽。征拜司空,诏(zhao)书优美,敦奖殷勤,固辞不起。太元九(jiu)年卒,时(shi)年七十二。追赠侍中、司空,谥曰文穆。三子。超、融、冲(chong)。超最知名。
超字景兴,一字嘉宾。少卓荦(luo)不羁(ji),有旷世(shi)之度,交游士(shi)林(lin),每存胜(sheng)拔(ba),善谈(tan)论,义理(li)精(jing)微。愔(yin)事天师道,而超奉(feng)佛。愔(yin)又(you)好聚(ju)敛,积钱数千万,尝开库,任超所取(qu)。超性好施,一日中散与(yu)亲故都尽(jin)。其任心(xin)独诣,皆此类也。
桓温(wen)辟为征西大(da)将(jiang)军掾。温(wen)迁(qian)大(da)司马,又(you)转(zhuan)为参军。温(wen)英气高迈(mai),罕有所推,与(yu)超(chao)(chao)言,常谓(wei)不能(neng)测,遂倾意礼待。超(chao)(chao)亦(yi)深自结纳。时王(wang)(wang)珣为温(wen)主簿,亦(yi)为温(wen)所重。府中语曰:“髯(ran)参军,短主簿,能(neng)令(ling)公(gong)(gong)喜,能(neng)令(ling)公(gong)(gong)怒(nu)。”超(chao)(chao)髯(ran),珣短故(gu)也(ye)。寻除散骑侍郎。时愔(yin)在北(bei)府,徐(xu)州人(ren)(ren)多(duo)劲悍(han),温(wen)恆云“京口酒可饮,兵可用(yong)”,深不欲(yu)愔(yin)居之(zhi)(zhi)。而愔(yin)暗于事机,遣笺诣温(wen),欲(yu)共奖王(wang)(wang)室,修复园陵。超(chao)(chao)取视,寸寸毁裂,乃更作笺,自陈老(lao)病,甚不堪人(ren)(ren)间(jian),乞闲地(di)自养(yang)。温(wen)得笺大(da)喜,即转(zhuan)愔(yin)为会(hui)稽太(tai)守。温(wen)怀不轨,欲(yu)立霸王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)基,超(chao)(chao)为之(zhi)(zhi)谋。谢安(an)(an)与(yu)王(wang)(wang)坦(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)尝(chang)诣温(wen)论事,温(wen)令(ling)超(chao)(chao)帐中卧听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi),风(feng)动帐开,安(an)(an)笑(xiao)曰:“郗生可谓(wei)入幕(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)宾矣。”
太和中(zhong),温(wen)(wen)(wen)将(jiang)伐(fa)慕容氏(shi)于临漳,超谏以(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)远(yuan),汴水(shui)又(you)浅,运(yun)道(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)。温(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,遂引(yin)(yin)军自济(ji)入(ru)(ru)河(he),超又(you)进策于温(wen)(wen)(wen)曰:“清水(shui)入(ru)(ru)河(he),无(wu)通(tong)运(yun)理(li)。若寇(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)战,运(yun)道(dao)又(you)难,因资(zi)无(wu)所(suo),实为(wei)深虑也(ye)。今盛夏,悉力径造鄴城(cheng),彼伏公(gong)(gong)威略,必望阵(zhen)而(er)走,退(tui)还幽(you)朔矣(yi)。若能(neng)(neng)决(jue)战,呼吸可定(ding)。设(she)欲城(cheng)鄴,难为(wei)功力。百(bai)姓布野(ye),尽为(wei)官有(you)(you)。易水(shui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)南,必交臂请命。但恐此(ci)计轻决(jue),公(gong)(gong)必务(wu)其持重耳。若此(ci)计不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,便当(dang)顿(dun)兵河(he)济(ji),控引(yin)(yin)粮运(yun),令资(zi)储充备,足(zu)及来夏,虽(sui)如赊迟,终(zhong)亦济(ji)克。若舍(she)此(ci)二策而(er)连军西进,进不(bu)(bu)(bu)速决(jue),退(tui)必愆乏,贼因此(ci)势(shi),日月相引(yin)(yin),僶俛秋冬,船道(dao)涩滞,且(qie)北土早寒(han),三军裘褐(he)者少,恐不(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)涉冬。此(ci)大限阂,非惟(wei)无(wu)食而(er)已。”温(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,果有(you)(you)枋(fang)头(tou)(tou)之(zhi)败,温(wen)(wen)(wen)深惭之(zhi)。寻而(er)有(you)(you)寿阳(yang)之(zhi)捷,问超曰:“此(ci)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)雪枋(fang)头(tou)(tou)之(zhi)耻乎?”超曰:“未厌有(you)(you)识(shi)之(zhi)情也(ye)。”既(ji)而(er)超就温(wen)(wen)(wen)宿,中(zhong)夜谓温(wen)(wen)(wen)曰:“明公(gong)(gong)都有(you)(you)虑不(bu)(bu)(bu)?”温(wen)(wen)(wen)曰:“卿(qing)欲有(you)(you)所(suo)言(yan)邪?”超曰:“明公(gong)(gong)既(ji)居重任(ren),天下之(zhi)责将(jiang)归(gui)于公(gong)(gong)矣(yi)。若不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)行废立(li)大事、为(wei)伊霍之(zhi)举者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)镇压四海,震(zhen)服宇(yu)内(nei),岂可不(bu)(bu)(bu)深思哉!”温(wen)(wen)(wen)既(ji)素有(you)(you)此(ci)计,深纳其言(yan),遂定(ding)废立(li),超始谋也(ye)。
迁中书(shu)侍(shi)郎(lang)。谢安尝与(yu)王文(wen)度共诣超,日旰(gan)未得(de)前,文(wen)度便欲(yu)去(qu),安曰:“不(bu)能(neng)为(wei)(wei)性命忍俄顷邪!”其权(quan)重当时如此。转司徒左长(zhang)史,母丧去(qu)职。常(chang)谓(wei)其父名公之(zhi)子,位遇(yu)应在(zai)谢安右,而(er)安入掌机权(quan),愔优(you)游而(er)已,恆怀(huai)愤愤,发(fa)言慷慨,由是与(yu)谢氏不(bu)穆。安亦深(shen)恨(hen)之(zhi)。服阕,除散骑常(chang)侍(shi),不(bu)起。以为(wei)(wei)临海太守(shou),加宣威将军,不(bu)拜(bai)。年四十二,先愔卒。
初,超(chao)(chao)虽实党桓氏,以(yi)(yi)愔忠于(yu)王(wang)(wang)室(shi),不(bu)令知之(zhi)。将亡,出一(yi)箱书(shu),付门生(sheng)曰(yue):“本欲焚(fen)之(zhi),恐公年尊(zun),必以(yi)(yi)伤愍为弊(bi)。我(wo)亡后,若大(da)损眠食(shi),可(ke)呈(cheng)此(ci)箱。不(bu)尔(er),便烧之(zhi)。”愔后果哀悼成疾(ji),门生(sheng)依旨呈(cheng)之(zhi),则悉(xi)与温往反密计。愔于(yu)是(shi)大(da)怒曰(yue):“小子(zi)死恨晚矣!”更不(bu)复哭。凡超(chao)(chao)所交友,皆(jie)一(yi)时(shi)秀美,虽寒门后进,亦拔而(er)(er)友之(zhi)。及死之(zhi)日,贵(gui)贱操(cao)笔而(er)(er)为诔者(zhe)四十余人,其为众(zhong)所宗(zong)贵(gui)如此(ci)。王(wang)(wang)献之(zhi)兄弟,自(zi)超(chao)(chao)未亡,见愔,常蹑履问讯,甚修舅甥之(zhi)礼。及超(chao)(chao)死,见愔慢(man)怠(dai),屐(ji)而(er)(er)候之(zhi),命席便迁延辞避。愔每慨然曰(yue):“使(shi)嘉(jia)宾(bin)不(bu)死,鼠(shu)子(zi)敢尔(er)邪!”性好闻人栖遁,有能辞荣拂衣(yi)者(zhe),超(chao)(chao)为之(zhi)起屋宇(yu),作器服,畜(chu)仆竖,费(fei)百金而(er)(er)不(bu)吝。又(you)沙门支遁以(yi)(yi)清谈著名于(yu)时(shi),风流胜贵(gui),莫(mo)不(bu)崇(chong)敬,以(yi)(yi)为造微之(zhi)功,足参诸正始。而(er)(er)遁常重超(chao)(chao),以(yi)(yi)为一(yi)时(shi)之(zhi)俊,甚相知赏。超(chao)(chao)无子(zi),从弟俭(jian)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)子(zi)僧施(shi)嗣。
僧施字惠脱(tuo),袭爵南昌公。弱冠(guan),与王(wang)绥、桓胤(yin)齐名(ming),累居(ju)清显,领宣城(cheng)内史,入补丹阳尹。刘毅(yi)镇江陵,请为南蛮校尉、假节。与毅(yi)俱诛,国除。
昙字重熙,少赐爵东安(an)县开(kai)国伯。司(si)徒王导辟秘书(shu)郎(lang)(lang)。朝论以(yi)昙名臣之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),每逼(bi)以(yi)宪制,年(nian)三十,始拜通(tong)直(zhi)散骑侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)(lang),迁中(zhong)书(shu)侍(shi)(shi)郎(lang)(lang)。简(jian)文帝为(wei)抚军(jun),引为(wei)司(si)马。寻除(chu)尚书(shu)吏部郎(lang)(lang),拜御史(shi)中(zhong)丞。时(shi)北(bei)中(zhong)郎(lang)(lang)荀羡(xian)(xian)有(you)疾,朝廷以(yi)昙为(wei)羡(xian)(xian)军(jun)司(si),加散骑常侍(shi)(shi)。顷之(zhi)(zhi),羡(xian)(xian)征还,仍除(chu)北(bei)中(zhong)郎(lang)(lang)将、都督徐(xu)兗青(qing)幽扬(yang)州之(zhi)(zhi)晋陵诸(zhu)军(jun)事、领徐(xu)兗二州刺史(shi)、假节,镇下(xia)邳,后与贼帅傅(fu)末波等战失利,降号建威将军(jun)。寻卒,年(nian)四(si)十二。追赠北(bei)中(zhong)郎(lang)(lang),谥曰简(jian)。子(zi)恢嗣。
恢字道胤,少袭父(fu)爵,散骑侍郎,累(lei)迁给事(shi)(shi)黄门侍郎,领(ling)太子右卫率。恢身(shen)长(zhang)八尺(chi),美(mei)鬓髯(ran),孝(xiao)武帝深器之,以为有(you)籓伯之望(wang)。会硃(zhu)序自表(biao)去职(zhi),擢(zhuo)恢为梁秦雍司荆扬(yang)并等州诸军(jun)(jun)事(shi)(shi)、建威将军(jun)(jun)、雍州刺史、假节,镇襄阳。恢甚得关(guan)陇之和,降附者动有(you)千(qian)计。
初(chu),姚苌(chang)将(jiang)窦(dou)冲(chong)来降,拜东羌(qiang)校尉(wei)。冲(chong)后举兵反(fan),入汉川(chuan),袭(xi)梁州。时(shi)关中有巴蜀之(zhi)众(zhong),皆背苌(chang),据(ju)弘农以结苻登。而(er)(er)登署(shu)冲(chong)为左丞相(xiang),徙(xi)屯(tun)华阴(yin)。河南(nan)太(tai)守(shou)杨佺(quan)期遣上党太(tai)守(shou)荀静戍(shu)皇天坞以距(ju)之(zhi)。冲(chong)数(shu)来攻,恢遣将(jiang)军赵睦守(shou)金墉城(cheng),而(er)(er)佺(quan)期率(lv)众(zhong)次(ci)湖城(cheng),讨冲(chong),走之(zhi)。
寻而(er)慕(mu)容垂围慕(mu)容永(yong)于潞川,永(yong)穷(qiong)蹙,遣(qian)其(qi)子弘求救(jiu)于恢,并献玉(yu)玺一纽,恢献玺于台,又陈“垂若并永(yong),其(qi)势(shi)难测。今于国计,谓(wei)宜救(jiu)永(yong)。永(yong)垂并存,自为(wei)(wei)仇雠,连鸡不(bu)栖,无能(neng)为(wei)(wei)患。然(ran)后乘机(ji)双毙,则河(he)北可平”。孝武(wu)帝以(yi)为(wei)(wei)然(ran),诏王(wang)恭、庾(yu)楷(kai)救(jiu)之,未及发而(er)永(yong)没。杨佺期(qi)以(yi)疾去职。
恢(hui)以(yi)随郡太守夏侯宗之为河南太守,戍(shu)洛(luo)阳。姚(yao)苌遣(qian)其子略(lve)(lve)攻湖城(cheng)及(ji)上(shang)洛(luo),又使其将(jiang)杨佛嵩围洛(luo)阳。恢(hui)遣(qian)建武将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)辛恭靖救洛(luo)阳,梁州刺史(shi)王正胤率众出子午谷,以(yi)为声(sheng)援。略(lve)(lve)惧而退。恢(hui)以(yi)功进征虏将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),又领秦州刺史(shi),加(jia)督陇上(shang)军(jun)(jun)。
时魏氏(shi)强盛,山陵(ling)危逼(bi),恢遣江(jiang)夏相邓启方等以万(wan)人(ren)距之,与魏主拓(tuo)跋(ba)珪战于(yu)荥阳,大(da)败而(er)还。
及王恭计(ji)王国(guo)宝,桓(huan)玄(xuan)、殷仲(zhong)堪皆举兵应恭,恢与朝廷掎角玄(xuan)等(deng)。襄(xiang)阳(yang)太守夏(xia)侯宗之(zhi)、府司马郭毗并以(yi)为不可,恢皆杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)。既而玄(xuan)等(deng)退守寻(xun)阳(yang)。以(yi)恢为尚书,将家还都,至杨口,仲(zhong)堪阴使人(ren)于道杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi),及其四子(zi),托以(yi)群蛮所杀(sha)(sha)。丧(sang)还京师(shi),赠镇军将军。子(zi)循嗣(si)。
隆字弘始,蹇(jian)亮有(you)匪躬之(zhi)节。初为尚(shang)书郎,转左丞,在(zai)朝为百僚所(suo)惮,坐漏泄事免(mian)。顷之(zhi),为吏部(bu)郎,复免(mian)。补(bu)东郡太(tai)守。
隆少(shao)为(wei)赵王(wang)(wang)伦所善(shan),及伦专擅,召为(wei)散骑常(chang)侍(shi)。伦之(zhi)(zhi)篡(cuan)也(ye),以为(wei)扬州(zhou)刺史(shi)。僚属有(you)犯,辄依台阁峻制绳之(zhi)(zhi),远近咸怨。寻加宁东将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun),未拜,而(er)齐王(wang)(wang)冏檄(xi)至,中州(zhou)人在军(jun)者皆欲赴义,隆以兄子(zi)鉴(jian)为(wei)赵王(wang)(wang)掾,诸子(zi)悉在京洛,故犹豫未决。主簿赵诱(you)、前秀才(cai)虞潭(tan)白(bai)隆曰(yue):“当(dang)今上(shang)(shang)计(ji),明(ming)使(shi)君(jun)自将(jiang)(jiang)精(jing)(jing)兵(bing)(bing)径赴齐王(wang)(wang);中计(ji),明(ming)使(shi)君(jun)可留(liu)督摄,速(su)遣(qian)猛将(jiang)(jiang)率(lv)精(jing)(jing)兵(bing)(bing)疾赴;下(xia)(xia)计(ji),示遣(qian)兵(bing)(bing)将(jiang)(jiang)助,而(er)称背(bei)伦。”隆素敬别(bie)驾(jia)顾(gu)彦,密(mi)与谋(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)。彦曰(yue):“赵诱(you)下(xia)(xia)计(ji),乃上(shang)(shang)策也(ye)。”西曹留(liu)承闻(wen)彦言(yan),请见,曰(yue):“不(bu)审明(ming)使(shi)君(jun)当(dang)今何(he)施(shi)?”隆曰(yue):“我(wo)俱受(shou)二帝恩(en),无所偏助,惟欲守(shou)州(zhou)而(er)已。”承曰(yue):“天下(xia)(xia)者,世祖皇(huang)帝之(zhi)(zhi)天下(xia)(xia)也(ye)。太上(shang)(shang)承代已积十年(nian),今上(shang)(shang)取四海不(bu)平,齐王(wang)(wang)应天顺时(shi)(shi),成(cheng)败之(zhi)(zhi)事可见。使(shi)君(jun)若顾(gu)二帝,自可不(bu)行,宜急下(xia)(xia)檄(xi)文,速(su)遣(qian)精(jing)(jing)兵(bing)(bing)猛将(jiang)(jiang)。若其(qi)疑惑(huo),此州(zhou)岂(qi)可得(de)保也(ye)!”隆无所言(yan),而(er)停檄(xi)六日。时(shi)(shi)宁远将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)陈留(liu)王(wang)(wang)邃领东海都尉,镇石头,隆军(jun)人西赴邃甚众。隆遣(qian)从(cong)事于牛渚(zhu)禁(jin)之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)得(de)止。将(jiang)(jiang)士愤怒(nu),夜扶(fu)邃为(wei)主而(er)攻(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),隆父子(zi)皆死,顾(gu)彦亦被害(hai),诬隆聚(ju)合(he)远近,图为(wei)不(bu)轨。隆之(zhi)(zhi)死也(ye),时(shi)(shi)议莫不(bu)痛惜焉。
史臣曰:忠臣本(ben)乎孝(xiao)子,奉(feng)上资乎爱(ai)亲,自家刑国(guo),于期极(ji)矣。太(tai)真性(xing)履纯(chun)深,誉(yu)流邦族(zu),始则承颜候色(se),老莱弗之(zhi)加也;既而(er)辞(ci)亲蹈(dao)义(yi),申胥何以尚(shang)焉(yan)!封狐万里,投躯而(er)弗顾;猰(ya)窳(yu)千群(qun),探(tan)穴(xue)而(er)忘死。竟(jing)能(neng)宣力王室(shi),扬(yang)名本(ben)朝,负荷受遗,继之(zhi)全节。言念(nian)主(zhu)辱,义(yi)声动(dong)于天(tian)地(di);祗赴国(guo)屯(tun),信誓(shi)明于日(ri)月(yue)。枕(zhen)戈雨泣(qi),若雪(xue)分天(tian)之(zhi)仇(chou);皇舆旋轸,卒(zu)复夷庚(geng)之(zhi)躅。微夫人(ren)之(zhi)诚恳,大(da)盗几移国(guo)乎!道徽儒雅,柔而(er)有正,协德(de)始安,颇均(jun)连璧。方回踵(zhong)武,奕(yi)世登(deng)台(tai)。露冕为(wei)饰,援高人(ren)以同志,抑惟大(da)隐者(zhe)献!爱(ai)子云(yun)亡,省遗文而(er)辍(chuo)泣(qi),殊(shu)有大(da)义(yi)之(zhi)风矣。
赞曰:太真(zhen)怀(huai)贞,勤宣乃诚。谋敦翦峻(jun),奋节摛名。道(dao)徽忠劲(jing),高(gao)芬远(yuan)映(ying)。愔克负荷,超惭雅正。
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