晋(jin)书--列传第三十八
顾荣 纪(ji)瞻 贺循 杨方(fang) 薛兼
顾荣,字彦(yan)先,吴(wu)国吴(wu)人(ren)也,为(wei)(wei)南土著姓(xing)。祖雍,吴(wu)丞相。父穆,宜都(dou)太守。荣机神朗悟,弱冠仕吴(wu),为(wei)(wei)黄门侍郎、太子(zi)辅义都(dou)尉(wei)。吴(wu)平(ping),与陆机兄弟同入洛,时人(ren)号为(wei)(wei)“三俊。”例拜(bai)为(wei)(wei)郎中,历(li)尚书郎、太子(zi)中舍(she)人(ren)、廷尉(wei)正。恆纵酒酣(han)暢,谓(wei)友人(ren)张(zhang)翰曰:“惟酒可以忘忧,但(dan)无如作病何耳。”
会赵(zhao)王(wang)伦(lun)诛淮南王(wang)允(yun),收(shou)允(yun)僚属付(fu)廷尉,皆(jie)欲诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),荣(rong)平心处当,多所(suo)全宥。及伦(lun)篡位,伦(lun)子虔为(wei)大将军(jun),以荣(rong)为(wei)长史(shi)。初,荣(rong)与同僚宴饮,见执(zhi)炙(zhi)者貌(mao)状不(bu)凡,有欲炙(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色,荣(rong)割炙(zhi)啖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。坐者问其故,荣(rong)曰:“岂有终日执(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而不(bu)知其味!”及伦(lun)败,荣(rong)被(bei)执(zhi),将诛,而执(zhi)炙(zhi)者为(wei)督率,遂救(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得免。
齐(qi)王冏召为(wei)大(da)司马主簿(bu)。冏擅权骄恣,荣(rong)(rong)(rong)惧及(ji)祸,终日(ri)昏酣,不(bu)(bu)综府(fu)事,以(yi)情告友人长乐冯熊(xiong)。熊(xiong)谓(wei)冏长史葛旟曰(yue):“以(yi)顾(gu)荣(rong)(rong)(rong)为(wei)主簿(bu),所以(yi)甄拔才望,委以(yi)事机,不(bu)(bu)复计南(nan)(nan)北(bei)亲疏(shu),欲平海内之(zhi)心(xin)也。今府(fu)大(da)事殷,非酒客(ke)之(zhi)政。”旟曰(yue):“荣(rong)(rong)(rong)江南(nan)(nan)望士,且居职日(ri)浅,不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)轻(qing)代易之(zhi)。”熊(xiong)曰(yue):“可转为(wei)中(zhong)书(shu)(shu)侍郎(lang),荣(rong)(rong)(rong)不(bu)(bu)失清显,而府(fu)更收实才。”旟然之(zhi),白冏,以(yi)为(wei)中(zhong)书(shu)(shu)侍郎(lang)。在(zai)职不(bu)(bu)复饮酒。人或问(wen)之(zhi)曰(yue):“何前醉而后(hou)醒邪(xie)?”荣(rong)(rong)(rong)惧罪(zui),乃(nai)复更饮。与(yu)州里杨彦明书(shu)(shu)曰(yue):“吾为(wei)齐(qi)王主簿(bu),恆(heng)虑祸及(ji),见刀与(yu)绳,每欲自(zi)杀(sha),但人不(bu)(bu)知耳。”及(ji)旟诛(zhu),荣(rong)(rong)(rong)以(yi)讨(tao)葛旟功,封喜兴(xing)伯,转太(tai)子中(zhong)庶子。
长沙王乂为(wei)骠(piao)骑,复以(yi)荣(rong)为(wei)长史。乂败(bai),转成都王颖丞相从事中(zhong)郎。惠帝(di)幸临漳,以(yi)荣(rong)兼(jian)侍中(zhong),遣行园陵。会张方据洛,不得进,避之陈留。及帝(di)西(xi)迁(qian)长安,征为(wei)散骑常侍,以(yi)世乱不应,遂还吴。东海王越聚兵于徐州,以(yi)荣(rong)为(wei)军(jun)谘祭酒。
属(shu)广陵相陈(chen)敏(min)(min)反(fan),南渡江(jiang),逐扬(yang)州(zhou)刺史刘(liu)机、丹阳内(nei)(nei)史王旷,阻兵据州(zhou),分置子弟(di)为列郡,收礼豪桀,有(you)(you)孙(sun)氏鼎峙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计。假荣(rong)(rong)(rong)右将(jiang)军(jun)、丹阳内(nei)(nei)史。荣(rong)(rong)(rong)数践(jian)危亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际,恆以恭逊自(zi)勉(mian)。会敏(min)(min)欲诛诸士(shi)人(ren)(ren),荣(rong)(rong)(rong)说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“中国丧乱,胡(hu)夷(yi)内(nei)(nei)侮,观太傅今日不(bu)能复振华夏,百(bai)姓无复遗种(zhong)。江(jiang)南虽(sui)有(you)(you)石(shi)冰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寇,人(ren)(ren)物尚全。荣(rong)(rong)(rong)常忧无窦氏、孙(sun)、刘(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策,有(you)(you)以存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。今将(jiang)军(jun)怀神武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略,有(you)(you)孙(sun)吴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能,功勋(xun)效于已著,勇略冠于当世(shi),带甲数万,舳舻山积,上(shang)方虽(sui)有(you)(you)数州(zhou),亦可(ke)传檄而(er)定也。若能委(wei)信君子,各得尽(jin)怀,散蒂芥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恨,塞谗谄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口,则大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)图也。”敏(min)(min)纳(na)其(qi)(qi)言(yan),悉(xi)引诸豪族委(wei)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。敏(min)(min)仍遣(qian)甘(gan)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)出(chu)横江(jiang),坚甲利器,尽(jin)以委(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。荣(rong)(rong)(rong)私于卓(zhuo)(zhuo)曰(yue):“若江(jiang)东之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)济,当共成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然卿观事(shi)(shi)(shi)势当有(you)(you)济理不(bu)?敏(min)(min)既常才,本无大(da)(da)略,政令(ling)反(fan)覆,计无所定,然其(qi)(qi)子弟(di)各已骄矜(jin),其(qi)(qi)败必矣(yi)。而(er)吾等安然受其(qi)(qi)官禄(lu),事(shi)(shi)(shi)败之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,使江(jiang)西诸军(jun)函首(shou)送(song)洛(luo),题曰(yue)逆贼顾荣(rong)(rong)(rong)、甘(gan)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou),岂惟(wei)一身颠覆,辱及(ji)万世(shi),可(ke)不(bu)图之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!”卓(zhuo)(zhuo)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。明年,周与荣(rong)(rong)(rong)及(ji)甘(gan)卓(zhuo)(zhuo)、纪瞻(zhan)潜谋起兵攻敏(min)(min)。荣(rong)(rong)(rong)废桥敛舟于南岸(an),敏(min)(min)率万余人(ren)(ren)出(chu),不(bu)获济,荣(rong)(rong)(rong)麾以羽扇,其(qi)(qi)众(zhong)溃散。事(shi)(shi)(shi)平,还(hai)吴。永嘉初,征拜侍(shi)中,行至彭城,见祸难(nan)方作,遂(sui)轻舟而(er)还(hai),语在《纪瞻(zhan)传》。
元帝(di)镇江东(dong),以(yi)(yi)荣为军(jun)司,加散(san)骑常侍,凡所(suo)谋画,皆以(yi)(yi)谘焉。荣既南州望士,躬处右职,朝野甚(shen)推(tui)敬之(zhi)。时帝(di)所(suo)幸郑贵(gui)嫔有疾,以(yi)(yi)祈祷(dao)颇废(fei)万机,荣上(shang)笺谏曰:“昔文王(wang)父子兄弟乃有三圣,可(ke)谓穷理者也(ye)(ye)。而文王(wang)日昃不(bu)暇食,周公(gong)一沐(mu)三握发,何(he)哉?诚以(yi)(yi)一日万机,不(bu)可(ke)不(bu)理;一言(yan)蹉跌,患必(bi)及之(zhi)故也(ye)(ye)。当今衰季(ji)之(zhi)末,属乱离之(zhi)运,而天子流播,豺狼塞路,公(gong)宜露营野次,星言(yan)夙(su)驾(jia),伏(fu)轼怒蛙以(yi)(yi)募勇士,悬胆(dan)于庭以(yi)(yi)表辛苦(ku)。贵(gui)嫔未安,药石实急;祷(dao)祀之(zhi)事(shi),诚复可(ke)修;岂有便塞参佐白(bai)事(shi),断宾客(ke)问讯?今强贼(zei)临境(jing),流言(yan)满(man)国,人心万端,去就(jiu)纷(fen)纭。愿(yuan)冲虚纳(na)下,广延俊彦,思画今日之(zhi)要,塞鬼(gui)道淫(yin)祀,弘九合之(zhi)勤(qin),雪天下之(zhi)耻,则群生(sheng)有赖,开泰有期矣。”
时南土之(zhi)士(shi)未尽才用,荣又言:“陆士(shi)光贞正清贵,金(jin)玉(yu)其质(zhi);甘季思忠款尽诚(cheng),胆(dan)干殊(shu)快;殷庆元质(zhi)略有明(ming)规,文武可施用;荣族兄公(gong)让明(ming)亮守节(jie),困不易操(cao);会稽杨(yang)彦明(ming)、谢行(xing)言皆(jie)服膺(ying)儒教,足(zu)为公(gong)望;贺生(sheng)沈潜,青云之(zhi)士(shi);陶恭兄弟才干虽少,实事极佳(jia)。凡(fan)此诸人,皆(jie)南金(jin)也。”书奏(zou),皆(jie)纳之(zhi)。
六年,卒官(guan)。帝临(lin)丧尽哀,欲表赠荣,依齐王功臣格。吴郡内史殷祐(you)笺曰:
昔贼(zei)臣陈敏凭宠藉(jie)权,滔天(tian)作乱,兄(xiong)弟姻娅盘固州郡,威逼士庶以为(wei)臣仆,于时(shi)贤(xian)愚计无所出。故散骑常侍、安东军司、嘉(jia)兴伯顾荣(rong)(rong)经(jing)德体(ti)道,谋猷弘远(yuan),忠贞之节,在困弥(mi)厉。崎岖艰险之中(zhong),逼迫奸逆(ni)之下(xia),每惟(wei)社稷(ji),发愤慷忾。密结(jie)腹(fu)心,同(tong)谋致(zhi)讨(tao)。信著(zhu)群(qun)士,名冠东夏(xia),德声所振(zhen),莫(mo)不响应,荷戈(ge)骏奔,其会如林。荣(rong)(rong)躬当(dang)矢石,为(wei)众率(lv)先,忠义(yi)奋发,忘家为(wei)国,历年逋寇,一朝(chao)土(tu)崩,兵不血(xue)刃,荡平六州,勋茂上代,义(yi)彰天(tian)下(xia)。
伏闻(wen)论功(gong)依(yi)故(gu)大司马齐(qi)王格,不(bu)在帷幕密(mi)谋参议之(zhi)例,下(xia)(xia)附州征野(ye)战之(zhi)比,不(bu)得进爵拓土,赐拜子弟,遐迩同(tong)叹(tan),江表(biao)失望。齐(qi)王亲则近属,位为(wei)方(fang)(fang)岳,杖节握兵(bing),都督(du)近畿,外有五国之(zhi)援,内有宗室之(zhi)助(zhu),称兵(bing)弥(mi)时,役连天下(xia)(xia),元功(gong)虽(sui)建,所丧亦(yi)多。荣众无(wu)一旅,任非籓翰,孤(gu)绝江外,王命不(bu)通(tong),临(lin)危(wei)独(du)断,以身徇国,官无(wu)一金之(zhi)费,人无(wu)终朝之(zhi)劳。元恶既(ji)殄,高尚成(cheng)功(gong),封闭仓(cang)廪,以俟大军,故(gu)国安(an)物(wu)阜,以义(yi)成(cheng)俗(su),今日(ri)匡霸事举,未(wei)必(bi)不(bu)由此而隆也(ye)。方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)于齐(qi),强弱不(bu)同(tong),优(you)劣亦(yi)异。至于齐(qi)府参佐(zuo)(zuo),扶义(yi)助(zhu)强,非创谋之(zhi)主(zhu),皆锡珪受瑞,或(huo)公或(huo)侯。荣首(shou)建密(mi)谋,为(wei)方(fang)(fang)面盟主(zhu),功(gong)高元帅,赏(shang)卑下(xia)(xia)佐(zuo)(zuo),上(shang)亏经国纪功(gong)之(zhi)班(ban),下(xia)(xia)孤(gu)忠义(yi)授命之(zhi)士。
夫考绩幽明,王教(jiao)所(suo)崇,况(kuang)若荣者(zhe),济难宁国,应天先事,历观古今,未(wei)有立功若彼,酬报如此(ci)者(zhe)也。
由是赠(zeng)荣侍(shi)中、骠骑将军(jun)、开(kai)府仪同三司,谥曰元。及帝(di)为(wei)晋(jin)王,追(zhui)封为(wei)公,开(kai)国,食邑。
荣素好琴,及卒(zu),家(jia)人常置琴于(yu)灵(ling)座。吴郡(jun)张翰(han)哭之(zhi)恸(tong),既而上床鼓琴数曲,抚琴而叹曰:“顾彦先复(fu)能(neng)赏此不?”因又恸(tong)哭,不吊丧主而去。子毗嗣(si),官至(zhi)散(san)骑侍(shi)郎。
纪瞻,字(zi)思远,丹阳秣(mo)陵人也。祖(zu)亮,吴尚书(shu)令(ling)。父陟,光(guang)禄大(da)夫。瞻少以方直知名。吴平,徙家历(li)阳郡(jun)。察孝廉,不行。
后举秀才,尚书郎陆机策之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“昔三代(dai)明(ming)王(wang),启建洪业,文(wen)(wen)质(zhi)殊制(zhi),而(er)(er)令名一致(zhi)。然(ran)夏人(ren)(ren)尚忠(zhong)(zhong),忠(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也朴,救朴莫若(ruo)敬。殷人(ren)(ren)革而(er)(er)修焉,敬之(zhi)(zhi)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也鬼,救鬼莫若(ruo)文(wen)(wen)。周人(ren)(ren)矫而(er)(er)变焉,文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)也薄,救薄则(ze)(ze)又(you)反(fan)(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)于忠(zhong)(zhong)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)王(wang)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)(fan)覆其(qi)(qi)无(wu)一定(ding)邪(xie),亦所祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)同(tong)而(er)(er)功(gong)(gong)业各异也?自无(wu)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)王(wang),人(ren)(ren)散久矣。三代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)损(sun)益,百(bai)姓之(zhi)(zhi)变迁,其(qi)(qi)故可得而(er)(er)闻(wen)邪(xie)?今将反(fan)(fan)古以(yi)救其(qi)(qi)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),明(ming)风以(yi)荡其(qi)(qi)秽(hui),三代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)将何所从?太(tai)(tai)古之(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)有(you)何异道(dao)?”瞻对曰(yue):“瞻闻(wen)有(you)国有(you)家者,皆(jie)欲迈化(hua)隆政,以(yi)康庶绩(ji),垂(chui)歌亿(yi)载,永(yong)传于后。然(ran)而(er)(er)俗变事弊(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),得不(bu)随(sui)时(shi),虽经圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)哲,无(wu)以(yi)易(yi)也。故忠(zhong)(zhong)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)质(zhi)野,敬失(shi)多(duo)仪。周鉴二王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi),崇文(wen)(wen)以(yi)辩等差,而(er)(er)流遁者归薄而(er)(er)无(wu)款(kuan)诚(cheng),款(kuan)诚(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)薄,则(ze)(ze)又(you)反(fan)(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)于忠(zhong)(zhong)。三代(dai)相循,如水济火,所谓(wei)随(sui)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)义,救弊(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)术也。羲皇简朴,无(wu)为(wei)而(er)(er)化(hua);后圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)因承,所务(wu)或(huo)异。非贤(xian)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)同(tong),世变使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)耳(er)。今大晋阐元,圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)功(gong)(gong)日隮,承天顺时(shi),九有(you)一贯,荒服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)君,莫不(bu)来同(tong)。然(ran)而(er)(er)大道(dao)既往,人(ren)(ren)变由久,谓(wei)当今之(zhi)(zhi)政宜(yi)去文(wen)(wen)存(cun)朴,以(yi)反(fan)(fan)其(qi)(qi)本,则(ze)(ze)兆庶渐化(hua),太(tai)(tai)和可致(zhi)也。”
又(you)问:“在昔哲王象(xiang)事备(bei)物,明(ming)堂(tang)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)崇上帝(di)(di),清(qing)庙(miao)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)宁(ning)祖(zu)考,辟雍所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)班礼(li)教,太(tai)学(xue)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)讲艺文,此盖(gai)有国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)盛典,为帮之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)司。亡秦废学(xue),制(zhi)度(du)荒阙(que)。诸儒之(zhi)(zhi)论,损益异物。汉氏遗作,居(ju)为异事,而蔡邕(yong)《月(yue)令(ling)》谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)一物。将何(he)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)从?”对曰(yue)(yue):“周(zhou)制(zhi)明(ming)堂(tang),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)宗(zong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)以(yi)配上帝(di)(di),敬(jing)恭明(ming)祀,永光孝道(dao)也。其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)数有六(liu)。古者圣帝(di)(di)明(ming)王南面而听(ting)政(zheng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)六(liu)则(ze)(ze)以(yi)明(ming)堂(tang)为主。又(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)中,皆云(yun)太(tai)庙(miao),以(yi)顺天(tian)时,施(shi)行(xing)法令(ling),宗(zong)祀养老,训学(xue)讲肄,朝诸侯而选造士,备(bei)礼(li)辩物,一教化之(zhi)(zhi)由(you)也。故取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)宗(zong)祀之(zhi)(zhi)类,则(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)清(qing)庙(miao);取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)室之(zhi)(zhi)貌,则(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)太(tai)庙(miao);取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)室,则(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)太(tai)室;取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)堂(tang),则(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)明(ming)堂(tang);取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)四门之(zhi)(zhi)学(xue),则(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)太(tai)学(xue);取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)周(zhou)水圜(yuan)如璧,则(ze)(ze)白璧雍。异名同事,其(qi)(qi)(qi)实一也。是以(yi)蔡邕(yong)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)一物。”
又问(wen):“庶明亮采,故时雍穆唐;有命(ming)既(ji)集,而(er)多士(shi)(shi)隆周。故《书》称明良之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌,《易》贵金兰(lan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美。此(ci)长世(shi)所以(yi)(yi)废兴,有邦所以(yi)(yi)崇替。夫成功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君勤于(yu)(yu)求才,立名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)急于(yu)(yu)招世(shi),理(li)无世(shi)不(bu)对,而(er)事千(qian)载(zai)恆(heng)(heng)背。古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴王何道而(er)如彼(bi)?后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰世(shi)何阙(que)而(er)如此(ci)?”对曰(yue):“兴隆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政务在得贤,清(qing)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化急于(yu)(yu)拔才,故二八登庸,则百揆序;有乱十(shi)人,而(er)天下(xia)泰。武(wu)丁擢傅岩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,周文携渭滨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi),居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上司,委之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国政,故能龙奋天衢,垂勋百代。先王身下(xia)白屋,搜扬仄陋,使(shi)山(shan)无扶(fu)苏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才,野无《伐檀》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咏。是以(yi)(yi)化厚物感(gan),神(shen)祇来应,翔凤(feng)飘飖,甘(gan)露丰(feng)坠,醴泉吐(tu)液,硃(zhu)草自生,万物滋(zi)茂,日月重光,和气四(si)塞,大道以(yi)(yi)成;序君臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,敦父子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲,明夫妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,别(bie)长幼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,自九州,被(bei)八荒,海外(wai)移心(xin),重译(yi)入(ru)贡(gong)(gong),颂声穆穆,南(nan)面垂拱也。今贡(gong)(gong)贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途已(yi)闿,而(er)教(jiao)学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)务未广,是以(yi)(yi)进竞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志恆(heng)(heng)锐(rui),而(er)务学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)不(bu)修(xiu)。若辟四(si)门(men)以(yi)(yi)延造士(shi)(shi),宣五教(jiao)以(yi)(yi)明令德,考绩殿最,审其(qi)优(you)劣(lie),厝(cuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百僚,置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群司,使(shi)调物度宜,节宣国典,必协(xie)济康哉,符契往代,明良来应,金兰(lan)复存(cun)也。”
又(you)问:“昔(xi)唐虞垂五(wu)刑(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教,周公(gong)明四罪(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),故(gu)(gu)世叹清问而(er)(er)(er)(er)时(shi)歌缉熙。奸宄既(ji)殷,法(fa)物滋有(you)。叔(shu)(shu)世崇三辟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,暴秦加族(zu)(zu)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律,淫刑(xing)(xing)沦(lun)胥,虐滥已甚。汉(han)魏遵承,因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)弗革。亦由险泰不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同,而(er)(er)(er)(er)救世异(yi)术,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得已而(er)(er)(er)(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)也。宽克之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,将(jiang)何立而(er)(er)(er)(er)可?族(zu)(zu)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)足为永制(zhi)与不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)?”对曰:“二(er)仪分则兆(zhao)庶生(sheng),兆(zhao)庶生(sheng)则利害作。利害之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,有(you)由而(er)(er)(er)(er)然也。太古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),化道德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教,贱勇(yong)力(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)贵仁义(yi)。仁义(yi)贵则强不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)陵(ling)弱(ruo),众(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)暴寡(gua)。三皇结绳而(er)(er)(er)(er)天下泰,非(fei)惟象刑(xing)(xing)缉熙而(er)(er)(er)(er)已也。且太古(gu)知法(fa),所以远狱。及其(qi)末,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失有(you)罪(zui),是以狱用(yong)弥繁,而(er)(er)(er)(er)人弥暴,法(fa)令滋章,盗贼多有(you)。《书》曰:‘惟敬五(wu)刑(xing)(xing),以成三德。’叔(shu)(shu)世道衰,既(ji)兴(xing)三辟,而(er)(er)(er)(er)文公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊(bi),又(you)加族(zu)(zu)诛,淫刑(xing)(xing)沦(lun)胥,感伤和气,化染(ran)后代,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)变(bian)改。故(gu)(gu)汉(han)祖(zu)指麾而(er)(er)(er)(er)六合响(xiang)应,魏承汉(han)末,因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)未革,将(jiang)以俗变(bian)由久,权时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜也。今四海一统,人思反本(ben),渐(jian)尚简朴(po),则贪夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)竞(jing);尊(zun)贤(xian)黜否,则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仁者远。尔则斟参夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)(xing),除族(zu)(zu)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律,品(pin)物各顺其(qi)生(sheng),缉熙异(yi)世而(er)(er)(er)(er)偕也。”
又(you)问曰:“夫五行迭代,阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)相须,二仪(yi)所以(yi)隗育,四时所以(yi)化生。《易》称‘在天成象,在地成形’。形象之(zhi)(zhi)作,相须之(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。若阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)调(diao),则大数不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)否(fou);一(yi)气偏废(fei),则万物不(bu)(bu)得独成。此应同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)至验,不(bu)(bu)偏之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)证(zheng)也(ye)。今有温(wen)泉而无寒火,其故何也(ye)?思(si)闻(wen)辩之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)释不(bu)(bu)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。”对(dui)曰:“盖闻(wen)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)升降(jiang),山(shan)泽通气,初九(jiu)纯卦,潜龙勿用(yong),泉源所托,其温(wen)宜也(ye)。若夫水(shui)润(run)下,火炎上,刚柔(rou)燥(zao)湿,自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing),故阳(yang)(yang)动而外,阴(yin)(yin)静而内(nei)。内(nei)性(xing)柔(rou)弱,以(yi)含容为质;外动刚直,以(yi)外接为用(yong)。是以(yi)金水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)内(nei)鉴,火日之(zhi)(zhi)光外辉(hui),刚施柔(rou)受,阳(yang)(yang)胜阴(yin)(yin)伏。水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)受温(wen),含容之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)也(ye)。”
又问曰:“夫穷神(shen)知化,才(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尽称(cheng);备物(wu)(wu)致(zhi)用(yong),功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极目。以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为政(zheng),则黄羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)规(gui)可踵(zhong);以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)革乱,则玄古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)可绍。然而(er)唐虞密皇人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阔纲,夏殷(yin)繁帝(di)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)约法(fa),机(ji)心起而(er)日进,淳德(de)往而(er)莫返。岂(qi)太朴(po)一离,理不可振(zhen),将圣(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道稍有降(jiang)杀邪?”对曰:“政(zheng)因时以(yi)(yi)兴(xing),机(ji)随(sui)物(wu)(wu)而(er)动,故(gu)圣(sheng)王(wang)究穷通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源,审始终之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,适(shi)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi),期于(yu)济(ji)世。皇代质朴(po),祸难不作,结(jie)绳为信,人知所守。大道既离,智(zhi)惠扰物(wu)(wu),夷(yi)险不同(tong),否泰异数,故(gu)唐虞密皇人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纲,夏殷(yin)繁帝(di)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),皆废兴(xing)有由,轻重以(yi)(yi)节,此穷神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,知化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术,随(sui)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi),非有降(jiang)杀也。”
永(yong)康初(chu),州又举寒素,大司马辟东阁祭酒。其年,除鄢陵(ling)公(gong)国相(xiang),不(bu)之官(guan)。明(ming)年,左(zuo)降松滋(zi)侯相(xiang)。太安中,弃(qi)官(guan)归家,与顾荣等共诛陈敏,语(yu)在荣传。
召拜(bai)尚(shang)书郎,与(yu)荣同赴洛,在(zai)途共(gong)论《易(yi)》太(tai)极(ji)(ji)。荣曰:“太(tai)极(ji)(ji)者(zhe),盖谓(wei)(wei)(wei)混沌(dun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时曚昧(mei)未(wei)分,日(ri)月(yue)含其(qi)辉(hui),八卦(gua)(gua)隐(yin)其(qi)神,天(tian)(tian)地(di)混其(qi)体,圣人藏(zang)(zang)其(qi)身(shen)。然后廓(kuo)然既变,清浊乃陈,二仪(yi)著(zhu)象,阴(yin)(yin)阳交泰,万物(wu)始(shi)萌,六(liu)合闿拓。《老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》云‘有物(wu)混成,先(xian)天(tian)(tian)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)’,诚《易(yi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)极(ji)(ji)也(ye)。而王(wang)氏(shi)云‘太(tai)极(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)地(di)’,愚谓(wei)(wei)(wei)末当。夫(fu)两仪(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)体为称,则(ze)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)地(di);以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)气为名,则(ze)名阴(yin)(yin)阳。今若(ruo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)极(ji)(ji)为天(tian)(tian)地(di),则(ze)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)地(di)自(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),无(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)地(di)者(zhe)也(ye)。《老(lao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)》又云‘天(tian)(tian)地(di)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)长且久者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)不自(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),故能(neng)长久’‘一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)二,二生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三,三生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)万物(wu)’,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)资始(shi)冲气以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为和。原元气之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben),求天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)根(gen),恐宜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)为准也(ye)。”瞻曰:“昔疱牺画八卦(gua)(gua),阴(yin)(yin)阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)尽矣(yi)。文(wen)王(wang)、仲尼系其(qi)遗业(ye),三圣相承,共(gong)同一(yi)(yi)致,称《易(yi)》准天(tian)(tian),无(wu)(wu)复其(qi)余也(ye)。夫(fu)天(tian)(tian)清地(di)平,两仪(yi)交泰,四时推(tui)移,日(ri)月(yue)辉(hui)其(qi)间,自(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数,虽经诸圣,孰(shu)知其(qi)始(shi)。吾(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)云‘曚昧(mei)未(wei)分’分,岂其(qi)然乎!圣人,人也(ye),安(an)得混沌(dun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初能(neng)藏(zang)(zang)其(qi)身(shen)于未(wei)分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内!老(lao)氏(shi)先(xian)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),此(ci)(ci)盖虚诞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,非《易(yi)》者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。亦谓(wei)(wei)(wei)吾(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)神通体解(jie),所(suo)不应疑。意者(zhe)直谓(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)极(ji)(ji)极(ji)(ji)尽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,言(yan)其(qi)理(li)极(ji)(ji),无(wu)(wu)复外形(xing);外形(xing)既极(ji)(ji),而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)两仪(yi)。王(wang)氏(shi)指向(xiang)可谓(wei)(wei)(wei)近之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。古(gu)人举至(zhi)极(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为验(yan),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)二仪(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于此(ci)(ci),非复谓(wei)(wei)(wei)有父母(mu)。若(ruo)必有父母(mu),非天(tian)(tian)地(di)其(qi)孰(shu)在(zai)?”荣遂止。至(zhi)徐州,闻乱日(ri)甚(shen),将不行(xing)。会刺史裴盾得东(dong)海王(wang)越书,若(ruo)荣等顾望,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)军礼发遣,乃与(yu)荣及陆(lu)玩(wan)等各解(jie)船弃车牛(niu),一(yi)(yi)日(ri)一(yi)(yi)夜行(xing)三百(bai)里,得还(hai)扬州。
元帝为(wei)安(an)东将军,引为(wei)军谘祭(ji)酒,转镇东长史。帝亲(qin)幸瞻宅(zhai),与(yu)之同乘(cheng)而归。以讨周馥(fu)、华轶功,封都乡侯。石勒入寇,加扬威(wei)将军、都督京口以南至芜湖诸军事,以距勒。勒退,除会稽内史。时有(you)诈(zha)作大(da)将军府符收诸暨令(ling),令(ling)已受(shou)拘,瞻觉其诈(zha),便破槛出之,讯问使者,果伏诈(zha)妄。寻迁丞(cheng)相军谘祭(ji)酒。论讨陈(chen)敏功,封临(lin)湘县侯。西台除侍中,不就(jiu)。
及长安(an)不(bu)(bu)守,与王导俱入(ru)劝(quan)进。帝不(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu)。瞻曰(yue):“陛下性与天(tian)道,犹复(fu)役机神(shen)(shen)于(yu)(yu)史籍,观(guan)古人之成败(bai),今(jin)(jin)世事举目(mu)可(ke)知,不(bu)(bu)为难见(jian)。二(er)帝失御(yu)(yu),宗庙(miao)(miao)虚废,神(shen)(shen)器去(qu)晋,于(yu)(yu)今(jin)(jin)二(er)载(zai)(zai),梓宫未殡,人神(shen)(shen)失御(yu)(yu)。陛下膺录受图,特天(tian)所(suo)授。使六合革面,遐荒(huang)来庭,宗庙(miao)(miao)既建,神(shen)(shen)主复(fu)安(an),亿(yi)兆(zhao)向风,殊(shu)俗毕至(zhi),若(ruo)列宿之绾北极,百川之归(gui)巨海,而犹欲(yu)守匹(pi)夫之谦,非(fei)所(suo)以(yi)阐七庙(miao)(miao),隆(long)中(zhong)兴也。但(dan)国贼宜诛,当(dang)(dang)(dang)以(yi)此屈己谢天(tian)下耳。而欲(yu)逆天(tian)时(shi),违人事,失地(di)利,三(san)者一去(qu),虽复(fu)倾匡于(yu)(yu)将来,岂(qi)得救(jiu)祖(zu)宗之危急哉!适(shi)时(shi)之宜万端(duan),其可(ke)纲维大业(ye)者,惟理与当(dang)(dang)(dang)。晋祚屯否,理尽于(yu)(yu)今(jin)(jin)。促之则得,可(ke)以(yi)隆(long)中(zhong)兴之祚;纵之则失,所(suo)以(yi)资奸寇之权:此所(suo)谓理也。陛下身(shen)当(dang)(dang)(dang)厄运,纂承帝绪,顾望宗室,谁(shei)复(fu)与让!当(dang)(dang)(dang)承大位,此所(suo)谓当(dang)(dang)(dang)也。四祖(zu)廓开宇宙,大业(ye)如此。今(jin)(jin)五都燔爇,宗庙(miao)(miao)无主,刘载(zai)(zai)窃弄(nong)神(shen)(shen)器于(yu)(yu)西北,陛下方欲(yu)高(gao)让于(yu)(yu)东南,此所(suo)谓揖让而救(jiu)火也。臣等区区,尚所(suo)不(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu),况大人与天(tian)地(di)合德(de),日月(yue)并(bing)明(ming),而可(ke)以(yi)失机后时(shi)哉!”帝犹不(bu)(bu)许(xu)(xu),使殿中(zhong)将军韩绩撤去(qu)御(yu)(yu)坐。瞻叱(chi)绩曰(yue):“帝坐上应星宿,敢有动者斩(zhan)!”帝为之改容。
及帝践位(wei),拜(bai)侍(shi)中,转尚(shang)书,上疏谏诤,多所匡益,帝甚嘉其忠烈(lie)。会久疾(ji),不(bu)堪朝请,上疏曰:
臣(chen)(chen)疾(ji)疢不(bu)痊(quan),旷废转久,比陈诚款,未见哀察。重(zhong)以尸素,抱罪枕席,忧责之重(zhong),不(bu)知垂没之余当所(suo)投(tou)厝。臣(chen)(chen)闻(wen)易(yi)失者(zhe)时,不(bu)再者(zhe)年(nian),故(gu)古之志士义人负(fu)鼎趣(qu)走,商歌(ge)(ge)于(yu)市,诚欲(yu)及时效(xiao)(xiao)其忠(zhong)规,名传不(bu)朽也。然失之者(zhe)亿万,得之者(zhe)一两耳。常人之情(qing),贪求荣(rong)利。臣(chen)(chen)以凡(fan)庸,邂逅遭遇,劳无负(fu)鼎,口(kou)不(bu)商歌(ge)(ge),横逢大运,频烦(fan)饕窃。虽(sui)思慕古人自(zi)效(xiao)(xiao)之志,竟无毫厘报(bao)塞之效(xiao)(xiao),而犬马齿衰,众疾(ji)废顿(dun),僵卧救命,百(bai)有(you)余日(ri)(ri),叩棺(guan)曳(ye)衾,日(ri)(ri)顿(dun)一日(ri)(ri)。如复天(tian)假之年(nian),蒙陛下(xia)行(xing)苇之惠,适可薄存性命,枕息陋(lou)巷,亦无由复厕八坐(zuo),升降(jiang)台阁(ge)也。臣(chen)(chen)目冥齿堕,胸腹冰冷(leng),创(chuang)既不(bu)差,足复偏(pian)跛,为病受困,既以荼毒(du)。七十之年(nian),礼典所(suo)遗(yi),衰老之征,皎然露见。臣(chen)(chen)虽(sui)欲(yu)勤自(zi)藏护,隐(yin)伏(fu)何地(di)!
臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之职掌(zhang),户口租(zu)税(shui),国(guo)(guo)之所重。方(fang)今六(liu)合(he)波(bo)荡,人(ren)未安居(ju),始被大化,百度草创,发卒转(zhuan)运(yun),皆须(xu)人(ren)力。以(yi)(yi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)平强,兼(jian)以(yi)(yi)晨夜,尚不(bu)及事,今俟命(ming)漏刻,而当久(jiu)停机职,使(shi)王事有废(fei)。若朝(chao)廷以(yi)(yi)之广恩(en),则(ze)忧(you)责日(ri)(ri)重;以(yi)(yi)之序官(guan),则(ze)官(guan)废(fei)事弊;须(xu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)差(cha),则(ze)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)衰退。今以(yi)(yi)天慈,使(shi)官(guan)旷事滞,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)受偏私(si)之宥,于大望(wang)亦(yi)有亏损(sun)。今万国(guo)(guo)革面,贤(xian)俊比迹,而当虚(xu)停好(hao)爵(jue),不(bu)以(yi)(yi)縻(mi)贤(xian),以(yi)(yi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)秽病之余,妨官(guan)固职,诚非古今黜进之急。惟陛下割不(bu)已(yi)之仁(ren),赐以(yi)(yi)敝帷,陨仆之日(ri)(ri),得(de)以(yi)(yi)藉(jie)尸;时铨俊乂,使(shi)官(guan)修事举,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)免罪戮,死(si)生厚幸!
因以疾免(mian)。寻(xun)除尚书右(you)仆射,屡辞不听,遂称病笃,还第,不许。
时郗鉴(jian)(jian)据邹山,屡为石勒等所(suo)侵逼(bi)。瞻以鉴(jian)(jian)有将相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材(cai),恐(kong)朝廷弃而不(bu)(bu)(bu)恤,上疏(shu)请征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰:“臣闻(wen)皇代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴,必(bi)有爪牙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐,捍城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用,帝(di)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利器(qi)也。故虞(yu)舜(shun)举十六相而南面垂拱。伏见(jian)前辅国将军郗鉴(jian)(jian),少立(li)高操,体清望峻,文武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略,时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)干。昔(xi)与(yu)戴(dai)若(ruo)思(si)同辟,推放(fang)荒地(di),所(suo)在孤特(te),众无(wu)一(yi)旅,救援不(bu)(bu)(bu)至。然能(neng)绥集残余,据险(xian)历载,遂使凶寇(kou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢南侵。但(dan)士众单寡(gua),无(wu)以立(li)功,既统(tong)名州,又为常(chang)伯。若(ruo)使鉴(jian)(jian)从容台闼,出(chu)内(nei)王命,必(bi)能(neng)尽抗直之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)规,补衮职之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙。自(zi)先(xian)朝以来(lai),诸(zhu)所(suo)授用,已有成比。戴(dai)若(ruo)思(si)以尚(shang)书(shu)为六州都督、征西(xi)将军,复(fu)加常(chang)侍,刘隗镇北,陈镇东。以鉴(jian)(jian)年时,则与(yu)若(ruo)思(si)同;以资,则俱(ju)八坐。况鉴(jian)(jian)雅望清重,一(yi)代名器(qi)。圣朝以至公临天下,惟平是与(yu),是以臣寝顿陋巷,思(si)尽闻(wen)见(jian),惟开圣怀,垂问臣导,冀有毫厘(li)万分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。”
明(ming)帝(di)(di)尝独引瞻(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)于广室(shi),慨然忧(you)天下,曰:“社(she)稷之(zhi)臣,欲无复十(shi)人(ren)(ren),如(ru)何(he)?”因(yin)屈(qu)指曰:“君便其一(yi)。”瞻(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)辞(ci)让。帝(di)(di)曰:“方欲与君善(shan)语,复云(yun)何(he)崇谦让邪!”瞻(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)才(cai)兼文武,朝廷称其忠亮雅正(zheng)。俄转领军(jun)将军(jun),当时服(fu)其严毅。虽恆疾病(bing),六(liu)军(jun)敬(jing)惮之(zhi)。瞻(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)以久(jiu)病(bing),请去官,不(bu)听,复加散骑常侍(shi)。及王(wang)敦之(zhi)逆,帝(di)(di)使谓瞻(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)曰:“卿(qing)虽病(bing),但为(wei)(wei)朕(zhen)(zhen)卧护(hu)六(liu)军(jun),所益多矣。”乃赐(ci)布千匹。瞻(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)以归家(jia),分(fen)赏(shang)将士。贼平,复自表还(hai)家(jia),帝(di)(di)不(bu)许,固辞(ci)不(bu)起。诏曰:“瞻(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)忠亮雅正(zheng),识局经(jing)济,屡(lv)以年耆病(bing)久(jiu),逡(qun)巡告诚。朕(zhen)(zhen)深(shen)明(ming)此操,重违高志,今听所执,其以为(wei)(wei)骠骑将军(jun),常侍(shi)如(ru)故。服(fu)物制度,一(yi)按(an)旧典(dian)。”遣使就拜,止家(jia)为(wei)(wei)府。寻卒,时年七(qi)十(shi)二。册赠(zeng)本(ben)官、开府仪同三司,谥曰穆,遣御史持节(jie)监护(hu)丧事。论(lun)讨王(wang)含功(gong),追(zhui)封华(hua)容子,降先(xian)爵二等,封次(ci)子一(yi)人(ren)(ren)亭侯(hou)。
瞻(zhan)性静默(mo),少(shao)交游(you),好读书,或手自(zi)抄写,凡所著述,诗赋(fu)笺表数十篇。兼解(jie)音乐,殆(dai)尽其(qi)妙。厚自(zi)奉养(yang),立宅于乌(wu)衣(yi)巷(xiang),馆宇崇丽,园池竹木,有足赏玩焉(yan)。慎行爱(ai)士,老(lao)而弥笃。尚书闵(min)鸿、太(tai)(tai)常(chang)薛兼、广川太(tai)(tai)守河南褚沈、给(ji)事中(zhong)宣城章辽、历阳太(tai)(tai)守沛国武(wu)嘏,并与瞻(zhan)素(su)疏(shu),咸藉其(qi)高义(yi),临终托后于瞻(zhan)。瞻(zhan)悉营护其(qi)家(jia),为起(qi)居(ju)宅,同(tong)(tong)于骨肉焉(yan)。少(shao)与陆机兄弟亲善,及机被诛,赡恤其(qi)家(jia)周(zhou)至,及嫁机女,资送同(tong)(tong)于所生(sheng)。长子景(jing)早卒。景(jing)子友嗣,官至廷尉。景(jing)弟鉴(jian),太(tai)(tai)子庶(shu)子、大(da)将军从(cong)事中(zhong)郎,先瞻(zhan)卒。
贺(he)循(xun)(xun),字(zi)彦(yan)先,会稽山阴人(ren)(ren)也。其(qi)先庆普(pu),汉世传《礼》,世所(suo)谓庆氏学。族高(gao)祖(zu)纯(chun),博学有(you)(you)重(zhong)名,汉安(an)帝时为(wei)(wei)侍(shi)中,避(bi)安(an)帝父(fu)讳,改为(wei)(wei)贺(he)氏。曾祖(zu)齐,仕吴(wu)为(wei)(wei)名将(jiang)。祖(zu)景,灭贼校(xiao)尉。父(fu)邵,中书(shu)令(ling)(ling),为(wei)(wei)孙皓所(suo)杀,徙(xi)家属边郡。循(xun)(xun)少(shao)婴家难,流放海隅(yu),吴(wu)平(ping),乃(nai)还本(ben)郡。操尚(shang)高(gao)厉,童龀不(bu)(bu)群,言行进止,必以(yi)(yi)礼让(rang),国(guo)相丁乂请为(wei)(wei)五官掾。刺史(shi)嵇(ji)喜举秀才(cai),除阳(yang)羡(xian)令(ling)(ling),以(yi)(yi)宽惠(hui)为(wei)(wei)本(ben),不(bu)(bu)求课最。后为(wei)(wei)武(wu)康令(ling)(ling),俗多(duo)厚葬(zang),及有(you)(you)拘忌回避(bi)岁月,停丧不(bu)(bu)葬(zang)者,循(xun)(xun)皆禁焉。政(zheng)教大(da)行,邻城宗之。然(ran)无援于朝(chao),久不(bu)(bu)进序。著作郎(lang)陆机上疏荐循(xun)(xun)曰:“伏(fu)见武(wu)康令(ling)(ling)贺(he)循(xun)(xun)德量邃茂,才(cai)鉴清远,服膺道素,风操凝峻,历试(shi)二城,刑政(zheng)肃穆。前蒸阳(yang)令(ling)(ling)郭(guo)讷风度简(jian)旷,器(qi)识朗拔,通济敏悟,才(cai)足干事。循(xun)(xun)守(shou)下(xia)县,编名凡悴;讷归家巷,栖迟有(you)(you)年。皆出自新邦(bang),朝(chao)无知己,居在遐外,志不(bu)(bu)自营,年时倏忽,而邈(miao)无阶绪(xu),实州党愚智所(suo)为(wei)(wei)恨(hen)恨(hen)。臣等伏(fu)思(si)台(tai)郎(lang)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)使州,州有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren),非(fei)(fei)徒(tu)以(yi)(yi)均分显路,惠(hui)及外州而已(yi)。诚以(yi)(yi)庶士殊风,四方(fang)异(yi)俗,壅隔(ge)之害,远国(guo)益甚(shen)。至(zhi)于荆(jing)、扬(yang)二州,户各数十万,今扬(yang)州无郎(lang),而荆(jing)州江(jiang)南乃(nai)无一人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)京(jing)城职者,诚非(fei)(fei)圣朝(chao)待四方(fang)之本(ben)心。至(zhi)于才(cai)望资品,循(xun)(xun)可尚(shang)书(shu)郎(lang),讷可太子洗(xi)马、舍人(ren)(ren)。此乃(nai)众望所(suo)积,非(fei)(fei)但企(qi)及清途,苟充方(fang)选也。谨条资品,乞(qi)蒙简(jian)察。”久之,召补(bu)太子舍人(ren)(ren)。
赵王伦篡位(wei),转(zhuan)侍(shi)御(yu)史(shi),辞疾去(qu)职。后除南中郎长史(shi),不就,会逆贼(zei)李(li)辰起(qi)兵(bing)江夏,征(zheng)镇不能(neng)讨(tao),皆望尘(chen)奔(ben)走。辰别帅石冰(bing)略有扬州(zhou),逐会稽(ji)相张景(jing),以前宁远护(hu)军程超代之(zhi),以其长史(shi)宰与(yu)领山阴令。前南平(ping)内(nei)史(shi)王矩、吴兴内(nei)史(shi)顾秘、前秀才周等唱义,传檄(xi)州(zhou)郡(jun)以讨(tao)之(zhi),循(xun)亦合众应之(zhi)。冰(bing)大将(jiang)抗宠(chong)有众数千(qian),屯郡(jun)讲堂(tang)。循(xun)移檄(xi)于宠(chong),为陈逆顺,宠(chong)遂遁(dun)走,超、与(yu)皆降,一郡(jun)悉平(ping)。循(xun)迎景(jing)还(hai)郡(jun),即(ji)谢遣兵(bing)士,杜门不出(chu),论功报(bao)赏(shang),一无豫焉。
及(ji)(ji)陈(chen)敏之乱(luan),诈称诏书,以循(xun)为丹(dan)阳(yang)内史(shi)。循(xun)辞以脚疾,手不(bu)制笔,又服寒食散(san),露发袒(tan)身,示(shi)不(bu)可用,敏竟不(bu)敢逼。是时(shi)州内豪杰(jie)皆见维絷,或有老疾,就加(jia)秩命,惟循(xun)与吴郡(jun)硃诞(dan)不(bu)豫其事。及(ji)(ji)敏破,征东将军周馥(fu)上循(xun)领会稽相,寻除吴国内史(shi),公(gong)车(che)征贤良,皆不(bu)就。
元帝(di)(di)为(wei)安东将军(jun),复上循(xun)(xun)(xun)为(wei)吴国(guo)内(nei)史(shi),与循(xun)(xun)(xun)言(yan)及吴时事,因问曰(yue):“孙皓尝(chang)烧锯截一贺(he)头,是谁邪(xie)?”循(xun)(xun)(xun)未及言(yan),帝(di)(di)悟曰(yue):“是贺(he)邵(shao)也(ye)。”循(xun)(xun)(xun)流涕曰(yue):“先父遭遇(yu)无道,循(xun)(xun)(xun)创(chuang)巨痛深,无以上答。”帝(di)(di)甚愧之,三日不出。东海王越命(ming)为(wei)参(can)军(jun),征拜博(bo)士(shi),并不起。
及帝迁镇东大将军,以军司顾荣(rong)卒,引循代(dai)之。循称(cheng)疾笃,笺疏十余上。帝遗之书曰:
夫(fu)百(bai)行不同,故出处(chu)道(dao)(dao)殊,因(yin)性而(er)用(yong),各任(ren)其(qi)真耳。当(dang)宇(yu)宙清(qing)泰,彝伦攸序,随(sui)运(yun)所(suo)遇,动(dong)默(mo)在(zai)己。或有(you)遐栖(qi)高蹈,轻举绝俗,逍遥养和(he),恬神自足(zu),斯盖(gai)道(dao)(dao)隆人逸(yi),势(shi)使其(qi)然。若乃时运(yun)屯(tun)弊,主(zhu)危(wei)国急,义(yi)士救时,驱驰拯世,烛之(zhi)武乘缒(zhui)以(yi)(yi)入秦,园绮弹冠而(er)匡(kuang)汉,岂(qi)非大雅君子卷舒合道(dao)(dao)乎!虚薄寡(gua)德,忝备近(jin)亲,谬荷宠(chong)位(wei),受(shou)任(ren)方镇,餐服(fu)玄风,景羡(xian)高矩,常愿弃结(jie)驷(si)之(zhi)轩轨,策柴筚(bi)而(er)造门,徒有(you)其(qi)怀,而(er)无从贤之(zhi)实者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?良以(yi)(yi)寇逆(ni)殷扰,诸夏分崩,皇居失御,黎元(yuan)荼毒,是以(yi)(yi)日夜忧怀,慷慨发愤,志在(zai)竭节(jie)耳。前者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)顾公临(lin)朝(chao),深赖(lai)高算。元(yuan)凯既登,巢许获(huo)逸(yi)。至(zhi)于今(jin)(jin)日,所(suo)谓道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)云亡(wang),邦国殄悴,群望颙(yong)颙(yong),实在(zai)君侯。苟义(yi)之(zhi)所(suo)在(zai),岂(qi)得让劳居逸(yi)!想达(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦一以(yi)(yi)贯之(zhi)也。庶禀徽猷,以(yi)(yi)弘(hong)远(yuan)规(gui)。今(jin)(jin)上尚书,屈(qu)德为(wei)军司,谨遣参军沈祯衔命奉(feng)授,望必屈(qu)临(lin),以(yi)(yi)副倾迟。
循犹不起。
及(ji)帝承制,复以为(wei)军谘祭酒。循称疾(ji),敦逼不得已,乃轝疾(ji)至。帝亲(qin)幸其舟,因谘以政(zheng)道(dao)。循羸疾(ji)不拜谒,乃就(jiu)加朝服,赐第一区,车马(ma)床帐(zhang)衣(yi)褥等物(wu)。循辞让,一无所受。
廷尉张(zhang)闿住在小(xiao)市,将(jiang)夺左右近宅以广其居,乃私作都门,早闭(bi)晏开,人多患之,论于州府,皆不见省(sheng)。会(hui)循出,至破冈(gang),连名诣循质之。循曰:“见张(zhang)廷尉,当为言(yan)及之。”闿闻而(er)遽毁其门,诣循致谢。其为世(shi)所敬服(fu)如(ru)此(ci)。
时江(jiang)东草创,盗贼多(duo)有,帝(di)(di)思所以(yi)防(fang)之(zhi),以(yi)问于循(xun)。循(xun)答曰:“江(jiang)道万(wan)里(li),通(tong)涉(she)五州(zhou),朝贡(gong)商旅之(zhi)所来往也(ye)。今(jin)议(yi)者欲出宣城以(yi)镇江(jiang)渚,或使诸县(xian)领兵(bing)。愚谓(wei)令长威弱,而(er)(er)(er)兼才(cai)难备(bei),发惮役之(zhi)人,而(er)(er)(er)御(yu)之(zhi)不肃(su)(su),恐(kong)未必(bi)为(wei)用。以(yi)循(xun)所闻,江(jiang)中(zhong)剧(ju)地(di)(di)惟有阖庐一(yi)处(chu),地(di)(di)势险奥,亡(wang)逃(tao)所聚。特宜以(yi)重兵(bing)备(bei)戍,随势讨除,绝其根带(dai)。沿江(jiang)诸县(xian)各有分(fen)界,分(fen)界之(zhi)内,官(guan)长所任(ren),自可度土分(fen)力,多(duo)置亭行,恆(heng)使徼(jiao)行,峻(jun)其纲目,严其刑赏,使越常(chang)科,勤则有殊荣之(zhi)报,堕(duo)则有一(yi)身之(zhi)罪(zui),谓(wei)于大(da)理不得不肃(su)(su)。所给人以(yi)时番休(xiu),役不至(zhi)困,代(dai)易有期。案汉(han)制十里(li)一(yi)亭,亦(yi)以(yi)防(fang)禁(jin)切密故也(ye)。当(dang)今(jin)纵(zong)不能尔,要宜筹(chou)量,使力足相周。若寇劫强(qiang)多(duo),不能独制者,可指其纵(zong)迹,言所在都督寻当(dang)致(zhi)讨。今(jin)不明部(bu)分(fen),使所在百姓与(yu)军家(jia)杂其徼(jiao)备(bei),两(liang)情(qing)俱堕(duo),莫适(shi)任(ren)负,故所以(yi)徒有备(bei)名而(er)(er)(er)不能为(wei)益者也(ye)。”帝(di)(di)从之(zhi)。
及(ji)愍帝即位,征为(wei)宗(zong)正,元(yuan)帝在镇(zhen),又表(biao)为(wei)侍(shi)中(zhong),道险不行(xing)。以(yi)讨华轶功,将封(feng)乡侯,循(xun)自(zi)以(yi)卧疾(ji)私(si)门,固(gu)让不受。建武初,为(wei)中(zhong)书令,加散骑常(chang)侍(shi),又以(yi)老疾(ji)固(gu)辞。帝下令曰:“孤以(yi)寡德,忝当(dang)大位,若涉(she)巨(ju)川,罔知所(suo)凭。循(xun)言(yan)行(xing)以(yi)礼,乃时之(zhi)望(wang),俗之(zhi)表(biao)也(ye)(ye)。实赖其(qi)谋猷(you),以(yi)康(kang)万(wan)机(ji)。疾(ji)患有素,犹望(wang)卧相(xiang)规辅,而固(gu)守捴谦,自(zi)陈恳至,此(ci)贤履信思顺,苟以(yi)让为(wei)高者也(ye)(ye)。今从其(qi)所(suo)执。”于是改拜太(tai)常(chang),常(chang)侍(shi)如故(gu)。循(xun)以(yi)九卿旧不加官(guan),今又疾(ji)患,不宜(yi)兼(jian)处此(ci)职,惟拜太(tai)常(chang)而已。
时宗庙始建,旧仪多阙,或以惠怀二帝应各为(wei)世(shi),则颍川世(shi)数(shu)过七,宜在迭(die)毁。事下太常。循议以为(wei):
礼(li),兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)相为(wei)后(hou)(hou),不(bu)(bu)得以承(cheng)代(dai)为(wei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盘庚不(bu)(bu)序阳甲,汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光武不(bu)(bu)继成帝(di)(di)(di)(di),别立庙(miao)寝,使(shi)臣下(xia)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)前代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明典,而(er)承(cheng)继之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)著义也。惠(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)无(wu)后(hou)(hou),怀(huai)(huai)(huai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)承(cheng)统,弟(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)后(hou)(hou)兄(xiong),则(ze)(ze)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)自上(shang)继世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu),不(bu)(bu)继惠(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)帝(di)(di)(di)(di),当同殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳甲,汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。议者以圣德冲远,未(wei)便改旧(jiu)。诸如此(ci)(ci)(ci)礼(li),通所未(wei)论。是(shi)以惠(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)尚在太(tai)庙(miao),而(er)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)复(fu)人,数(shu)则(ze)(ze)盈(ying)八(ba)(ba)。盈(ying)八(ba)(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,由(you)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu),非(fei)上(shang)祖(zu)宜迁(qian)也。下(xia)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既升,上(shang)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乃迁(qian),迁(qian)毁对代(dai),不(bu)(bu)得相通,未(wei)有(you)下(xia)升一世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)上(shang)毁二世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者也。惠(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)二帝(di)(di)(di)(di)俱继世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu),兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)旁亲,同为(wei)一世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),而(er)上(shang)毁二为(wei)一世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。今(jin)以惠(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崩已毁豫章,怀(huai)(huai)(huai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)入复(fu)毁颍川,如此(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)一世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再迁(qian),祖(zu)位横(heng)析。求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古义,未(wei)见此(ci)(ci)(ci)例(li)。惠(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)宜出(chu)(chu),尚未(wei)轻论,况可轻毁一祖(zu)而(er)无(wu)义例(li)乎?颍川既无(wu)可毁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,则(ze)(ze)见神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)居然自八(ba)(ba),此(ci)(ci)(ci)尽有(you)由(you)而(er)然,非(fei)谓数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常也。既有(you)八(ba)(ba)神(shen),则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)于七室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)权安一位也。至(zhi)尊于惠(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)怀(huai)(huai)(huai)俱是(shi)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di),自上(shang)后(hou)(hou)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu),不(bu)(bu)继二帝(di)(di)(di)(di),则(ze)(ze)二帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)行应(ying)别出(chu)(chu),不(bu)(bu)为(wei)庙(miao)中恆(heng)有(you)八(ba)(ba)室(shi)也。又武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)初成太(tai)庙(miao)时,正神(shen)止(zhi)七,而(er)杨(yang)元(yuan)后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)亦权立一室(shi)。永熙(xi)元(yuan)年,告世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)谥(shi)于太(tai)庙(miao)八(ba)(ba)室(shi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)苟有(you)八(ba)(ba)神(shen),不(bu)(bu)拘于七之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧(jiu)例(li)也。
又(you)议(yi)者(zhe)以(yi)景(jing)帝(di)俱已(yi)在庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),则惠(hui)怀一(yi)例。景(jing)帝(di)盛(sheng)德元功,王(wang)基之(zhi)(zhi)本,义(yi)著祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宗,百世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)毁(hui),故所(suo)以(yi)特在本庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),且亦世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代尚(shang)近,数(shu)(shu)得(de)相(xiang)容,安神而(er)已(yi),无逼上祖(zu)(zu)(zu),如王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)昭穆(mu)既(ji)满,终应别庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)今(jin)方之(zhi)(zhi),既(ji)轻重义(yi)异,又(you)七庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)七世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)亲;昭穆(mu),父子位也(ye)(ye)。若当(dang)兄弟旁满,辄毁(hui)上祖(zu)(zu)(zu),则祖(zu)(zu)(zu)位空悬(xuan),世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)数(shu)(shu)不(bu)足,何取(qu)于(yu)(yu)三昭三穆(mu)与(yu)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)然后成(cheng)七哉!今(jin)七庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),出于(yu)(yu)王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)。从祢以(yi)上至于(yu)(yu)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu),亲庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)四世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)上复有(you)五(wu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)无服之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),故为(wei)三昭三穆(mu)并太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)七也(ye)(ye)。故世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)郊定庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)礼,京兆、颍(ying)川(chuan)会(hui)、高之(zhi)(zhi)亲,豫章(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),征西六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)应此义(yi)。今(jin)至尊继(ji)统,亦宜(yi)有(you)五(wu)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),豫章(zhang)(zhang)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),颍(ying)川(chuan)五(wu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),俱不(bu)应毁(hui)。今(jin)既(ji)云豫章(zhang)(zhang)先毁(hui),又(you)当(dang)重毁(hui)颍(ying)川(chuan),此为(wei)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)亲惟从高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)已(yi)下(xia),无复高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)上二世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),于(yu)(yu)王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),三昭三穆(mu)废阙(que)其(qi)二,其(qi)非宗庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)本所(suo)据承,又(you)违世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)祭征西、豫章(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)意,于(yu)(yu)一(yi)王(wang)定礼所(suo)阙(que)不(bu)少(shao)。
时尚书(shu)仆(pu)射刁协与循(xun)(xun)异议(yi),循(xun)(xun)答(da)义深备(bei),辞多不(bu)载(zai),竟从(cong)循(xun)(xun)议(yi)焉。朝廷疑滞皆谘之(zhi)于循(xun)(xun),循(xun)(xun)辄依经礼而对,为当世儒宗。
其(qi)后帝以(yi)循清贫(pin),下(xia)令曰(yue):“循冰清玉洁,行(xing)为俗表,位处上卿,而居身服物(wu)盖周形而已,屋室财(cai)庇(bi)风雨。孤近造其(qi)庐,以(yi)为慨然(ran)。其(qi)赐六尺床荐席(xi)褥并(bing)钱二十万,以(yi)表至德,暢孤意焉。”循又让,不(bu)(bu)许,不(bu)(bu)得已留之(zhi),初不(bu)(bu)服用。及帝践位,有司(si)奏琅(lang)邪恭(gong)王(wang)宜(yi)称皇考,循又议曰(yue):“案礼子不(bu)(bu)敢以(yi)己爵加父。”帝纳之(zhi)。俄以(yi)循行(xing)太(tai)子太(tai)傅,太(tai)常(chang)如故。
循自以枕疾(ji)(ji)废(fei)顿(dun),臣节(jie)不(bu)修,上隆降尊之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),不(bu)替交叙之(zhi)(zhi)敬,惧(ju)非(fei)垂典之(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)也,累表(biao)固让。帝以循体德(de)率物,有不(bu)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)益,敦厉(li)备至,期于(yu)不(bu)许,命(ming)皇(huang)太子亲(qin)往拜焉(yan)。循有羸疾(ji)(ji),而(er)恭(gong)于(yu)接对;诏断宾(bin)客,其崇遇(yu)如此。疾(ji)(ji)渐笃,表(biao)乞骸骨(gu),上还印绶,改(gai)授(shou)左光禄(lu)大夫、开府(fu)仪同三(san)司。帝临(lin)轩(xuan),遣使持(chi)节(jie),加印绶。循虽口(kou)不(bu)能(neng)言(yan),指(zhi)麾左右,推(tui)去(qu)章服(fu)。车(che)驾(jia)亲(qin)幸,执手流涕。太子亲(qin)临(lin)者三(san)焉(yan),往还皆(jie)拜,儒者以为荣。太兴二(er)年卒,时(shi)年六十。帝素(su)服(fu)举哀,哭之(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)恸。赠司空,谥(shi)曰穆。将(jiang)葬,帝又出临(lin)其柩,哭之(zhi)(zhi)尽哀,遣兼侍御史持(chi)节(jie)监(jian)护(hu)。皇(huang)太子追送(song)近(jin)途(tu),望船流涕。
循(xun)少玩篇(pian)籍,善属(shu)文,博览众书,尤精礼传(chuan)。雅(ya)有知人之鉴(jian),拔同(tong)郡杨方于(yu)卑陋,卒成名于(yu)世。子隰,康(kang)帝时官至临海太守。
杨方,字公(gong)(gong)回。少(shao)好(hao)学(xue),有(you)(you)异(yi)才。初为(wei)(wei)(wei)郡铃(ling)下(xia)威仪(yi),公(gong)(gong)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暇,辄读《五(wu)经(jing)》,乡邑(yi)未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知。内史(shi)诸葛恢见(jian)而(er)奇(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),待以门人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),由是始得周(zhou)旋(xuan)贵(gui)人间(jian)。时(shi)虞喜兄弟以儒学(xue)立(li)名,雅爱方,为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延誉。恢尝(chang)遣方为(wei)(wei)(wei)文,荐郡功曹主簿(bu)。虞预称(cheng)美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),送以示循。循报书曰:“此子(zi)开拔(ba)有(you)(you)志,意只言异(yi)于(yu)(yu)凡猥耳,不图伟才如此。其文甚(shen)有(you)(you)奇(qi)分,若出其胸臆,乃是一国所推(tui),岂但(dan)牧竖中逸群(qun)邪!闻(wen)处旧党(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,好(hao)有(you)(you)谦冲(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,此亦立(li)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一隅。然(ran)世(shi)衰道丧,人物凋弊,每闻(wen)一介之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)向道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,冀(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如方者乃荒莱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特苗(miao),卤田之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善秀,姿质已良(liang),但(dan)沾(zhan)染未(wei)足耳;移植丰壤,必(bi)成(cheng)嘉竖。足下(xia)才为(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)英,位(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)朝(chao)右,道隆化(hua)立(li),然(ran)后(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)贵(gui)。昔(xi)许子(zi)将(jiang)拔(ba)樊仲昭于(yu)(yu)贾坚,郭(guo)林宗成(cheng)魏德公(gong)(gong)于(yu)(yu)畎亩。足下(xia)志隆此业,二贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功不为(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)及也(ye)。”循遂称(cheng)方于(yu)(yu)京师。司(si)徒(tu)(tu)王(wang)导(dao)辟为(wei)(wei)(wei)掾,转东安(an)太守,迁司(si)徒(tu)(tu)参军事(shi)。方在都邑(yi),搢绅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士咸厚遇(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自以地寒,不愿(yuan)久留京华,求补远郡,欲闲居(ju)著述。导(dao)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上补高(gao)梁太守。在郡积年,著《五(wu)经(jing)钩沈》,更撰《吴越春(chun)秋(qiu)》,并杂(za)文笔,皆行于(yu)(yu)世(shi)。以年老,弃郡归。导(dao)将(jiang)进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)台阁,固辞还乡里,终于(yu)(yu)家。
薛兼(jian),字令长(zhang)(zhang),丹阳(yang)人也。祖综,仕吴(wu)为尚书仆射。父(fu)莹,有(you)名(ming)吴(wu)朝(chao)。吴(wu)平,为散骑(qi)常侍(shi)。兼(jian)清素(su)有(you)器宇(yu),少与同郡纪瞻、广陵闵鸿、吴(wu)郡顾(gu)荣、会(hui)稽贺循齐名(ming),号为“五俊(jun)”。初入洛(luo),司空(kong)(kong)张华(hua)见而(er)奇之(zhi),曰(yue):“皆(jie)南(nan)金也。”察河南(nan)孝(xiao)谦,辟(pi)公(gong)府,除比阳(yang)相(xiang),莅(li)任有(you)能名(ming)。历太子洗(xi)马、散骑(qi)常侍(shi)、怀令。司空(kong)(kong)、东海王越(yue)引为参军(jun),转(zhuan)祭(ji)(ji)酒(jiu),赐爵安阳(yang)亭侯。元帝(di)为安东将军(jun),以为军(jun)谘(zi)祭(ji)(ji)酒(jiu),稍迁(qian)丞相(xiang)长(zhang)(zhang)史。甚勤(qin)王事,以上佐禄优,每自约(yue)损(sun),取周而(er)已(yi)。进爵安阳(yang)乡(xiang)侯,拜丹阳(yang)太守。中(zhong)兴建(jian),转(zhuan)尹,加秩中(zhong)二千(qian)石,迁(qian)尚书,领太子少傅。自综至兼(jian),三(san)世傅东宫,谈者美之(zhi)。
永昌(chang)初(chu),王敦表兼(jian)为(wei)太(tai)(tai)常。明帝即(ji)位(wei),加散骑常侍。帝以(yi)(yi)(yi)东宫(gong)时(shi)师傅,犹(you)宜尽敬,乃下诏(zhao)曰(yue):“朕以(yi)(yi)(yi)不德,夙遭闵凶(xiong)。猥(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)眇身,托于(yu)(yu)王公(gong)之上。哀茕在(zai)疚,靡所(suo)谘(zi)仰,忧怀惴(zhui)惴(zhui),如临于(yu)(yu)谷。孔子(zi)(zi)有(you)云:‘故虽天子(zi)(zi),必有(you)尊(zun)也。’朕将祗(zhi)奉先(xian)师之礼,以(yi)(yi)(yi)谘(zi)有(you)德。太(tai)(tai)宰西阳王秩尊(zun)望重,在(zai)贵思降。丞相武昌(chang)公(gong)、司空(kong)即(ji)丘子(zi)(zi)体道高邈(miao),勋德兼(jian)备,先(xian)帝执友,朕之师傅。太(tai)(tai)常安阳乡侯训保朕躬,忠(zhong)肃笃(du)诚(cheng)。夫崇亲尊(zun)贤(xian),先(xian)帝所(suo)重,朕见四君及(ji)书疏仪体,一(yi)如东宫(gong)故事。”是岁(sui),卒。诏(zhao)曰(yue):“太(tai)(tai)常、安阳乡侯兼(jian)履德冲素,尽忠(zhong)恪己。方赖(lai)德训,弘济(ji)政道,不幸殂殒,痛于(yu)(yu)厥心。今遣持节侍御史赠左光禄大(da)夫、开(kai)府仪同三司。魂而有(you)灵,嘉(jia)兹荣宠。”及(ji)葬,属王敦作逆(ni),朝廷多故,不得议谥,直遣使者祭以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)牢。子(zi)(zi)颙,先(xian)兼(jian)卒,无后。
史臣曰:元(yuan)帝树基淮海(hai),百度权舆,梦想群材,共康庶绩(ji)。顾(gu)、纪、贺、薛等并南金东(dong)箭(jian),世胄高门,委质(zhi)霸朝(chao),豫闻邦政;典(dian)宪资其刊辑,帷幄伫其谋猷;望重搢绅,任(ren)惟元(yuan)凯,官成名(ming)立,光国(guo)荣家。非惟感会所钟,抑亦材能斯至。而循位(wei)登保傅,朝(chao)望特隆,遂使銮跸降临,承明下拜(bai)。虽(sui)西汉之恩(en)崇张禹,东(dong)都(dou)之礼重桓荣,弗是过(guo)也。
赞曰:彦先(xian)通识,思远(yuan)方直(zhi)。薛(xue)既清(qing)贞(zhen),贺惟学植。逢时遇主,抟风矫翼。
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