晋书(shu)--列传第四十八
孔愉(子(zi)汪 安国 弟(di)(di)祗 从(cong)子(zi)坦 严 从(cong)弟(di)(di)群 群子(zi)沉(chen) 丁潭 张茂陶回
孔愉,字(zi)(zi)敬康(kang)(kang),会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)山阴人也。其先世(shi)居(ju)梁国。曾祖(zu)潜,太(tai)子少傅(fu),汉末避(bi)地会(hui)(hui)稽(ji),因家焉(yan)。祖(zu)竺,吴(wu)(wu)豫章太(tai)守。父恬(tian),湘(xiang)东太(tai)守。从(cong)兄侃,大司(si)(si)农。俱有名(ming)江左(zuo)。愉年十三(san)而孤,养祖(zu)母以(yi)孝闻,与同郡(jun)张(zhang)茂字(zi)(zi)伟康(kang)(kang)、丁(ding)潭字(zi)(zi)世(shi)康(kang)(kang)齐(qi)名(ming),时人号(hao)曰“会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)三(san)康(kang)(kang)”。吴(wu)(wu)平,愉迁于(yu)洛。惠帝末,归乡(xiang)(xiang)里,行(xing)至江淮间,遇(yu)石(shi)冰、封云为(wei)(wei)乱(luan),云逼愉为(wei)(wei)参军,不(bu)从(cong)将杀之(zhi)(zhi),赖(lai)云司(si)(si)马张(zhang)统营救获(huo)免。东还会(hui)(hui)稽(ji),人新安山中,改(gai)姓孙氏,以(yi)稼穑(se)读书为(wei)(wei)务,信著(zhu)乡(xiang)(xiang)里。后忽舍去,皆谓(wei)为(wei)(wei)神(shen)人,而为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)立祠。永嘉中,元帝始以(yi)安东将军镇扬土,命愉为(wei)(wei)参军。邦族寻求(qiu),莫知所在(zai)。建兴初,始出应召。为(wei)(wei)丞相掾(yuan),仍除驸(fu)马都尉、参丞相军事,时年已五十矣。以(yi)讨华轶功,封余不(bu)亭侯。愉尝行(xing)经余不(bu)亭,见笼(long)龟于(yu)路者,愉买而放之(zhi)(zhi)溪中,龟中流左(zuo)顾(gu)者数四。及是,铸侯印,而印龟左(zuo)顾(gu),三(san)铸如初。印工以(yi)告,愉乃悟,遂佩(pei)焉(yan)。
帝(di)为晋王,使长(zhang)兼中(zhong)书(shu)郎。于时(shi)刁协、刘隗用事(shi),王导颇(po)见疏远。愉(yu)(yu)(yu)陈导忠(zhong)贤(xian),有(you)佐命之(zhi)勋,谓事(shi)无大小(xiao)皆宜谘访。由是(shi)不(bu)合旨(zhi),出为司徒左长(zhang)史,累迁(qian)吴兴太守。沈充(chong)反(fan),愉(yu)(yu)(yu)弃官还京师,拜(bai)御史中(zhong)丞,迁(qian)侍中(zhong)、太常。及(ji)苏(su)峻(jun)反(fan),愉(yu)(yu)(yu)朝服守宗庙。初,愉(yu)(yu)(yu)为司徒长(zhang)史,以平南(nan)将(jiang)军(jun)温峤母亡遭乱(luan)不(bu)葬,乃(nai)不(bu)过其品(pin)。至是(shi),峻(jun)平,而(er)峤有(you)重功,愉(yu)(yu)(yu)往石头(tou)诣峤,峤执愉(yu)(yu)(yu)手而(er)流涕曰:“天下丧乱(luan),忠(zhong)孝道废。能持(chi)古人之(zhi)节,岁寒(han)不(bu)凋者(zhe),唯君一人耳。”时(shi)人咸称峤居公而(er)重愉(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)守正(zheng)。寻(xun)徙大尚书(shu),迁(qian)安南(nan)将(jiang)军(jun)、江州(zhou)刺(ci)史,不(bu)行。转尚书(shu)右(you)仆(pu)射(she),领东(dong)海(hai)王师。寻(xun)迁(qian)左仆(pu)射(she)。
咸(xian)和八(ba)年,诏曰(yue):“尚(shang)书令玩、左仆射(she)愉(yu)(yu)(yu)并恪居(ju)官次,禄(lu)不(bu)(bu)代耕。端(duan)右任重(zhong),先朝(chao)(chao)(chao)所(suo)崇,其给玩亲信三十人,愉(yu)(yu)(yu)二十人,禀赐。”愉(yu)(yu)(yu)上疏固(gu)让,优诏不(bu)(bu)许。重(zhong)表曰(yue):“臣以(yi)朽暗,忝厕(ce)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)右,而(er)以(yi)惰劣,无益毗佐。方(fang)今强寇未(wei)殄(tian),疆场日骇,政烦役重(zhong),百姓困苦(ku),奸吏擅威,暴(bao)人肆虐。大(da)弊之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),仓库空虚,功劳(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),赏(shang)报(bao)不(bu)(bu)足,困悴之(zhi)(zhi)余,未(wei)见拯恤,呼嗟(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)怨,人鬼感动。宜(yi)(yi)并官省职,贬食节用(yong),勤(qin)抚其人,以(yi)济其艰。臣等(deng)不(bu)(bu)能赞扬大(da)化,纠明刑政,而(er)偷(tou)安高位,横受宠给,无德而(er)禄(lu),殃必及之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)敢横受殊施,以(yi)重(zhong)罪(zui)戾(li)。”从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。王导(dao)闻而(er)非之(zhi)(zhi),于(yu)都(dou)坐谓愉(yu)(yu)(yu)曰(yue):“君言奸吏擅威,暴(bao)人肆虐,为(wei)患是谁?”愉(yu)(yu)(yu)欲大(da)论朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷得失,陆玩抑之(zhi)(zhi)乃止。后(hou)导(dao)将以(yi)赵(zhao)胤(yin)(yin)为(wei)护军,愉(yu)(yu)(yu)谓导(dao)曰(yue):“中兴(xing)以(yi)来,处(chu)此官者(zhe),周伯仁、应思远耳(er)。今诚乏才,岂(qi)宜(yi)(yi)以(yi)赵(zhao)胤(yin)(yin)居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)邪!”导(dao)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)。其守(shou)正如(ru)此。由是为(wei)导(dao)所(suo)衔。
后省左右仆(pu)(pu)射(she),以(yi)愉(yu)(yu)为(wei)尚书仆(pu)(pu)射(she)。愉(yu)(yu)年(nian)在(zai)悬车(che),累乞骸骨,不许,转护(hu)军(jun)(jun)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),加散骑(qi)常侍(shi)。复徙领(ling)军(jun)(jun)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),加金紫光禄大夫,领(ling)国子祭酒。顷之,出为(wei)镇军(jun)(jun)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、会稽内(nei)史,加散骑(qi)常侍(shi)。句章(zhang)县有汉时(shi)旧陂(po),毁(hui)废数(shu)百年(nian)。愉(yu)(yu)自巡行(xing),修复故堰,溉田二百余顷,皆(jie)成良业。在(zai)郡三年(nian),乃营山阴湖南侯山下数(shu)亩地(di)为(wei)宅,草屋数(shu)间,便弃官居之。送资数(shu)百万,悉无所取(qu)。病笃,遗(yi)令敛以(yi)时(shi)服,乡邑义(yi)赗,一不得受(shou)。年(nian)七十五(wu),咸康八(ba)年(nian)卒(zu)。赠车(che)骑(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、开府仪同三司,谥曰贞。
三子:訚、汪、安(an)国。訚嗣爵,位至建(jian)安(an)太守。訚子静(jing),字(zi)季恭(gong),再(zai)为(wei)会稽内史,累迁尚书左仆射,加后将军。
汪字德泽,好学有(you)志行,孝武帝(di)时位至(zhi)侍中(zhong)。时茹(ru)千秋以佞媚见(jian)幸于(yu)会(hui)稽王(wang)道子(zi),汪屡(lv)言之于(yu)帝(di),帝(di)不(bu)纳。迁尚书太常卿,以不(bu)合意,求(qiu)出。为假节、都督(du)交广二(er)州(zhou)诸军事、征虏(lu)将军、平越中(zhong)郎将、广州(zhou)刺(ci)史,甚有(you)政绩,为岭表所称。太元十七年卒。
安(an)国(guo)(guo)字安(an)国(guo)(guo),年小诸兄三十余(yu)岁。群从诸兄并乏(fa)才名,以富(fu)强自立,唯(wei)安(an)国(guo)(guo)与汪(wang)少厉孤贫之操。汪(wang)既以直亮称(cheng),安(an)国(guo)(guo)亦以儒素显。孝武帝(di)时甚蒙(meng)礼遇,仕历侍中(zhong)、太常。及帝(di)崩,安(an)国(guo)(guo)形素赢瘦,服衰(shuai)绖,涕泗竟日,见者以为真孝,再为会稽内史、领(ling)军(jun)将军(jun)。安(an)帝(di)隆(long)安(an)中(zhong)下诏曰:“领(ling)军(jun)将军(jun)孔安(an)国(guo)(guo)贞慎清正(zheng),出内播(bo)誉,可以本官领(ling)东(dong)海(hai)王(wang)师,必(bi)能(neng)导(dao)达(da)津梁,依(yi)仁游(you)艺。”后历尚书左(zuo)右仆射。义(yi)熙四年卒,赠(zeng)左(zuo)光禄大夫(fu)。
祗字(zi)承祖。太(tai)守周札命为功曹史。札为沈(shen)充所害,故人(ren)宾吏莫敢近者。祗冒刃号哭,亲行殡礼,送丧还义兴,时人(ren)义之。
坦(tan)字君(jun)平。祖冲,丹阳太守。父侃,大司农。坦(tan)少(shao)方直,有(you)雅望,通《左(zuo)氏(shi)传(chuan)》,解属文(wen)。完帝(di)为晋王(wang),以坦(tan)为世子(zi)(zi)(zi)文(wen)学。东宫(gong)建(jian),补太子(zi)(zi)(zi)舍人,迁尚书(shu)郎。时(shi)台郎初到,普加策试,帝(di)手策问(wen)曰:“吴兴(xing)徐馥为贼,杀郡将,郡今应举(ju)孝廉不(bu)?”坦(tan)对曰:“四罪不(bu)相(xiang)及,殛鲧而兴(xing)禹(yu)。徐馥为逆,何妨一郡之贤!”又问(wen):“奸臣贼子(zi)(zi)(zi)弑君(jun),污(wu)宫(gong)潴宅,莫(mo)大之恶也。乡旧废(fei)四科之选,今何所依?”坦(tan)曰:“季平子(zi)(zi)(zi)逐鲁昭公,岂(qi)可以废(fei)仲尼也!”竟(jing)不(bu)能屈
先是,以兵(bing)乱(luan)之后,务(wu)存慰悦,远方秀(xiu)孝(xiao)(xiao)到,不策试,普皆除(chu)署。至是,帝申明旧制,皆令试《经》,有不中科,刺史(shi)、太守免官。太兴三年,秀(xiu)孝(xiao)(xiao)多(duo)不敢行,其有到者,并(bing)托疾(ji)。帝欲除(chu)署孝(xiao)(xiao)廉,而秀(xiu)才如前制。坦奏议曰:
臣(chen)闻经邦(bang)建国,教(jiao)(jiao)学为先(xian),移风(feng)崇(chong)化,莫尚(shang)斯矣(yi)。古者且耕且学,三(san)年而(er)通一经,以(yi)平康之世,犹假渐渍(zi),积以(yi)日(ri)月。自(zi)丧乱(luan)以(yi)来,十(shi)有余年,于戈载扬,俎(zu)豆礼戢(ji),家废讲诵,国阙(que)庠序,率尔责试(shi),窃以(yi)为疑。然宣下以(yi)来,涉历三(san)载,累遇庆(qing)会(hui)(hui),遂未一试(shi)。扬州(zhou)诸郡(jun),接近京都,惧(ju)累及君父,多不(bu)敢行。其(qi)远州(zhou)边郡(jun),掩(yan)诬朝廷,冀于不(bu)试(shi),冒昧来赴,既到审试(shi),遂不(bu)敢会(hui)(hui)。臣(chen)愚以(yi)不(bu)会(hui)(hui)与不(bu)行,其(qi)为阙(que)也(ye)同。若当(dang)偏加(jia)除署,是(shi)(shi)为肃法奉宪(xian)者失分,侥幸(xing)投射(she)者得(de)官,颓风(feng)伤(shang)教(jiao)(jiao),惧(ju)于是(shi)(shi)始。
夫王(wang)言(yan)如丝,其(qi)出如纶,临事改制(zhi),示短天(tian)下,人听有惑,臣窃惜之(zhi)(zhi)。愚以(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)命(ming)无贰(er),宪制(zhi)宜(yi)信。去年察举,一(yi)皆策试(shi)。如不能试(shi),可不拘到,遣归不署。又秀才虽以(yi)(yi)(yi)事策,亦汜问(wen)经义,苟(gou)所未学,实(shi)难(nan)暗通,不足复曲碎垂例,违旧造异。谓宜(yi)因其(qi)不会(hui),徐更革制(zhi)。可申明前下,崇修(xiu)学校,普延(yan)五(wu)年,以(yi)(yi)(yi)展(zhan)讲习,钧法齐(qi)训,示人轨则。夫信之(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)法,为政之(zhi)(zhi)纲(gang),施之(zhi)(zhi)家室(shi),犹弗可贰(er),况经国之(zhi)(zhi)典(dian)而可玩黩(du)乎(hu)!
帝纳焉(yan)。听孝(xiao)廉申(shen)至七年,秀(xiu)才如故。
时典客(ke)令万默(mo)领诸胡,胡人相诬,朝廷疑默(mo)有所偏助,将(jiang)加大(da)辟。坦独(du)不(bu)署,由是被谴,遂弃官归会稽。久(jiu)之(zhi),除领军司马(ma),未(wei)赴召(zhao)。会王(wang)敦反,与右(you)卫将(jiang)军虞(yu)潭俱在(zai)会稽起义,而讨沈(shen)充。事平,始就(jiu)职。扬州刺史王(wang)导请为(wei)别驾。
咸(xian)和初(chu),迁尚书左(zuo)丞,深为(wei)台中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)所敬惮。寻属苏峻(jun)(jun)(jun)反,坦与司(si)徒(tu)司(si)马陶(tao)回白王导曰:“及(ji)峻(jun)(jun)(jun)未至(zhi),宜急(ji)断阜(fu)陵之(zhi)(zhi)界(jie),守江西当利诸口,彼(bi)少我众,一战决矣(yi)。若峻(jun)(jun)(jun)未至(zhi),可往逼其(qi)城(cheng)。今(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先往,峻(jun)(jun)(jun)必先至(zhi)。先人(ren)有夺人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)功,时不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可失。”导然之(zhi)(zhi)。庾亮以(yi)为(wei)峻(jun)(jun)(jun)脱径来,是(shi)袭朝廷(ting)虚也(ye)(ye),故计(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行。峻(jun)(jun)(jun)遂(sui)破姑(gu)熟,取盐(yan)米,亮方(fang)悔(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)。坦谓人(ren)曰:“观峻(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)势(shi),必破台城(cheng)。自非战士,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须戎服(fu)。”既(ji)而台城(cheng)陷,戎服(fu)者(zhe)多(duo)死,白衣者(zhe)无(wu)他,时人(ren)称其(qi)先见。及(ji)峻(jun)(jun)(jun)挟天(tian)子幸石头,坦奔陶(tao)侃,侃引为(wei)长史。时侃等(deng)(deng)夜筑(zhu)白石垒(lei),至(zhi)晓而成。闻峻(jun)(jun)(jun)军严声,咸(xian)惧来攻(gong)(gong)。坦曰:“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然。若峻(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)(gong)垒(lei),必须东(dong)(dong)北风急(ji),令我水军不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得往救(jiu)。今(jin)天(tian)清静(jing),贼必不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)动,决遣军出江乘,掠京口以(yi)东(dong)(dong)矣(yi)。”果如(ru)所筹(chou)。时郗鉴镇(zhen)京口,侃等(deng)(deng)各(ge)以(yi)兵会。既(ji)至(zhi),坦议以(yi)为(wei)本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)应(ying)须召郗公,遂(sui)使东(dong)(dong)门无(wu)限(xian)。今(jin)宜遣还,虽晚,犹胜(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)。侃等(deng)(deng)犹疑,坦固争(zheng)甚切,始令鉴还据京口,遣郭默(mo)屯大业,又令骁将李闳、曹统、周光与默(mo)并力,贼遂(sui)势(shi)分(fen),卒(zu)如(ru)坦计(ji)。
及峻平,以(yi)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)为吴(wu)郡太守(shou)。自陈(chen)吴(wu)多贤豪,而(er)(er)(er)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)年少(shao),未(wei)宜临(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。王导、庾亮并欲用坦(tan)(tan)(tan)为丹阳(yang)尹。时(shi)乱(luan)(luan)离之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,百姓凋弊,坦(tan)(tan)(tan)固(gu)辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。导等(deng)犹未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)。坦(tan)(tan)(tan)慨然(ran)曰:“昔肃(su)祖临(lin)崩(beng),诸君亲据(ju)御床,共奉遗(yi)诏。孔坦(tan)(tan)(tan)疏贱(jian),不(bu)在(zai)顾(gu)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限(xian)。既有艰难,则以(yi)微臣为先(xian)。今由俎上肉,任人(ren)脍截耳!”乃拂衣而(er)(er)(er)去(qu)。导等(deng)亦止。于是迁吴(wu)兴内史(shi),封晋陵男,加建(jian)威将军。以(yi)岁饥,运家(jia)米以(yi)振穷乏,百姓赖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时(shi)使坦(tan)(tan)(tan)募(mu)江淮流人(ren)为军,有殿中兵,因乱(luan)(luan)东(dong)还,来(lai)应坦(tan)(tan)(tan)募(mu),坦(tan)(tan)(tan)不(bu)知而(er)(er)(er)纳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。或讽朝廷,以(yi)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)藏台叛兵,遂坐免。寻拜侍(shi)中。
三康元年,石(shi)(shi)聪寇历阳,王导(dao)为大(da)司马,讨之(zhi),请(qing)坦为司马。会石(shi)(shi)勒新死,季龙专恣,石(shi)(shi)聪及谯郡太守彭彪(biao)等各遣使请(qing)降。坦与(yu)聪书曰:
华狄(di)道(dao)乖,南北回邈,瞻河企宋,每怀饥渴(ke)。数会阳九,天(tian)祸晋(jin)国,奸凶猾夏,乘衅肆(si)虐。我德(de)虽衰,天(tian)命(ming)未改。乾符启再集(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)庆,中(zhong)兴应灵期(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)会,百六之(zhi)(zhi)艰既(ji)过,惟(wei)新之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)日隆。而神州振荡,遗(yi)氓(mang)波散,誓命(ming)戎(rong)狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)手,局蹐豺狼之(zhi)(zhi)穴,朝廷每临(lin)寐永叹,痛心疾首。天(tian)罚既(ji)集(ji),罪人斯陨,王旅(lv)未加,自相(xiang)鱼肉。岂非(fei)人怨神怒,天(tian)降(jiang)其灾!兰艾同(tong)焚,贤愚所叹,哀矜(jin)勿喜,我后之(zhi)(zhi)仁,大(da)赦旷廓,唯季(ji)龙是(shi)讨。彭谯使至,粗具动静(jing),知(zhi)将军忿疾丑(chou)类,翻然(ran)同(tong)举(ju)。承问欣豫,庆若在己(ji)。何(he)知(zhi)几之(zhi)(zhi)先觉,砎(jie)石之(zhi)(zhi)易悟哉!引领(ling)来仪,怪(guai)无(wu)声息。
将军(jun)出自名族,诞育(yu)洪胄。遭世多故,国(guo)倾(qing)家(jia)覆(fu),生(sheng)离亲属(shu),假养(yang)异类(lei)。虽(sui)逼伪宠,将亦何(he)赖(lai)!闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者犹或有(you)悼(dao),况身婴(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),能不愤(fen)慨哉!非我(wo)族类(lei),其心必(bi)异,诚(cheng)反族归正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秋,图义建功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日也。若(ruo)将军(jun)喻纳往言(yan),宣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同盟,率关右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众,辅(fu)(fu)河南之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu),申威赵魏,为国(guo)前(qian)驱,虽(sui)窦融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保西河,黥布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去项羽,比诸古今,未足为喻。圣(sheng)上宽明(ming),宰辅(fu)(fu)弘纳,虽(sui)射钩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隙,赏(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故行,雍(yong)齿(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恨,侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)列国(guo)。况二(er)三子无曩人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌(xian),而遇天启之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,当如影响(xiang),有(you)何(he)迟(chi)疑!
今(jin)六(liu)军诫严,水陆齐(qi)举(ju),熊(xiong)罴(pi)踊(yong)跃,龁噬争先(xian),锋镝(di)一(yi)交,玉石同碎,虽复后悔,何嗟及矣(yi)!仆(pu)以不(bu)才,世(shi)荷国宠,虽实不(bu)敏(min),诚为(wei)行(xing)李(li)之(zhi)主,区区之(zhi)情,还信所(suo)具。夫机事(shi)不(bu)先(xian),鲜不(bu)后悔,自求多福,唯将军图之(zhi)。
朝廷(ting)遂不果北伐,人皆怀(huai)恨。
坦(tan)(tan)在职数年,迁侍中。时(shi)成帝(di)每幸丞相王(wang)(wang)导(dao)(dao)府,拜(bai)导(dao)(dao)妻曹氏,有(you)同(tong)家(jia)人,坦(tan)(tan)每切(qie)谏。时(shi)帝(di)刻(ke)日(ri)纳后(hou)(hou),而尚(shang)书(shu)左仆射王(wang)(wang)彬卒,议者以为欲却(que)期。坦(tan)(tan)曰:“婚礼之重,重于(yu)救日(ri)蚀。救日(ri)蚀,有(you)后(hou)(hou)之丧,太子堕(duo)井(jing),则止(zhi)。纳后(hou)(hou)盛(sheng)礼,岂可以臣丧而废!”从之。及帝(di)既(ji)加(jia)元服(fu),犹委政王(wang)(wang)导(dao)(dao),坦(tan)(tan)每发愤,以国事为己忧,尝从容(rong)言于(yu)帝(di)曰:“陛下(xia)春秋以长,圣敬日(ri)跻(ji),宜博纳朝(chao)臣,谘诹善道。”由是忤(wu)导(dao)(dao),出为廷尉,怏(yang)怏(yang)不悦(yue),以疾去职。加(jia)散骑常侍,迁尚(shang)书(shu),未拜(bai)。
疾(ji)笃,庾冰省(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃流涕。坦慨(kai)然曰(yue)(yue):“大丈夫将终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)问安(an)国宁家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术,乃作兒女子相问邪!”冰深谢(xie)焉。临终(zhong),与庾亮(liang)书曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓疾(ji)苦,遂(sui)(sui)至(zhi)顿弊,自(zi)省(sheng)绵绵,奄忽无日。修短命也,将何(he)所(suo)悲!但以(yi)身往(wang)名(ming)没(mei),朝恩不(bu)(bu)(bu)报(bao),所(suo)怀(huai)未叙,即命多恨(hen)耳!足(zu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)以(yi)伯舅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊,居方(fang)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,抗威(wei)顾眄,名(ming)震天下(xia)(xia)(xia),榱(cui)椽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佐,常愿下(xia)(xia)(xia)风。使(shi)九服(fu)式(shi)序(xu),四(si)海一(yi)统(tong),封京(jing)观于中(zhong)原,反(fan)紫极于华(hua)壤(rang),是(shi)宿昔(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味咏(yong),慷慨(kai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本诚矣。今中(zhong)道而毙(bi),岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)惜(xi)哉!若死(si)而有灵,潜听风烈。”俄卒,时年五(wu)(wu)十一(yi)。追赠(zeng)光(guang)禄勋,谥曰(yue)(yue)简。亮(liang)报(bao)书曰(yue)(yue):“廷尉孔君,神游体离(li),呜呼哀哉!得八月十五(wu)(wu)日书,知(zhi)疾(ji)患(huan)转笃,遂(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起济,悲恨(hen)伤(shang)楚,不(bu)(bu)(bu)能自(zi)胜。足(zu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)方(fang)在(zai)中(zhong)年,素少疾(ji)患(huan),虽天命有在(zai),亦祸出(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)图。且(qie)足(zu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)才经于世,世常须(xu)才,况于今日,倍相痛惜(xi)。吾以(yi)寡乏,忝当大任,国耻未雪,夙(su)夜忧愤。常欲足(zu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)同(tong)在(zai)外籓,戮力时事。此情未果,来书奄至(zhi)。申寻(xun)往(wang)复(fu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)觉涕陨。深明足(zu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)慷慨(kai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怀(huai),深痛足(zu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。邈然永隔,夫复(fu)何(he)言(yan)!谨遣报(bao)答,并(bing)致(zhi)薄祭,望足(zu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降神飨(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”子混嗣。
严(yan)字彭祖(zu)。祖(zu)父奕,全椒(jiao)令,明(ming)察过人(ren)(ren)。时(shi)有(you)(you)遗其(qi)酒(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe),始提(ti)入门(men),奕遥呵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“人(ren)(ren)饷吾两罂酒(jiu),其(qi)一(yi)何故非也?”检(jian)视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)罂果是水(shui)。或问奕何以知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),笑曰:“酒(jiu)重水(shui)轻,提(ti)酒(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)手有(you)(you)轻重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异故耳(er)。”在官有(you)(you)惠化,及卒(zu),市(shi)人(ren)(ren)若(ruo)丧(sang)慈亲(qin)焉(yan)。父伦,黄门(men)郎。严(yan)少(shao)仕(shi)州郡,历司(si)徒(tu)掾、尚书殿中郎。殷浩(hao)临扬州,请为别驾。迁(qian)尚书左丞。时(shi)朝(chao)廷崇树浩(hao),以抗拟桓(huan)温,温深以不(bu)(bu)平(ping)。浩(hao)又(you)引接荒人(ren)(ren),谋立功(gong)于(yu)阃外。严(yan)言于(yu)浩(hao)曰:“当(dang)今时(shi)事艰难(nan),可谓(wei)百六之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)运,使君屈己应(ying)务,属当(dang)其(qi)会。圣怀(huai)所以日昃匪懈,临朝(chao)斤斤,每欲深根固本,静边宁国耳(er),亦(yi)岂至私哉(zai)!而(er)处任者(zhe)(zhe)所志不(bu)(bu)同,所见各异,人(ren)(ren)口(kou)云云,无所不(bu)(bu)至。顷(qing)来天(tian)时(shi)人(ren)(ren)情(qing),良(liang)可寒心(xin)(xin)。古人(ren)(ren)为政,防人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)甚于(yu)防川。间(jian)日侍座,亦(yi)已粗(cu)申所怀(huai),不(bu)(bu)审竟当(dang)何以镇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?《老子》云‘夫唯(wei)不(bu)(bu)争,则万物不(bu)(bu)难(nan)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)争’,此言不(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)察也。愚意故谓(wei)朝(chao)廷宜(yi)更明(ming)授(shou)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方,韩彭可专(zhuan)征伐,萧曹守管籥,内(nei)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任,各有(you)(you)攸司(si)。深思廉蔺屈申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,平(ping)勃相(xiang)和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),令婉然(ran)通顺,人(ren)(ren)无间(jian)言,然(ran)后乃可保大(da)定功(gong),平(ping)济天(tian)下也。又(you)观(guan)顷(qing)日降(jiang)附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu),皆人(ren)(ren)面兽(shou)心(xin)(xin),贪而(er)无亲(qin),难(nan)以义(yi)感。而(er)聚(ju)著都邑,杂处人(ren)(ren)间(jian),使君常疲(pi)圣体以接之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虚府库以拯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),足(zu)以疑惑视听耳(er)。”浩(hao)深纳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
及哀帝践阼,议(yi)(yi)所承(cheng)统,时多异议(yi)(yi)。严与丹(dan)阳尹庾和(he)议(yi)(yi)曰:“顺本居正,亲(qin)亲(qin)不(bu)可(ke)夺,宜继成(cheng)皇帝。”诸儒咸以严议(yi)(yi)为长(zhang),竟从(cong)之。
隆和元(yuan)年,诏曰:“天(tian)(tian)文(wen)失度(du),太(tai)史虽有(you)(you)禳祈之(zhi)(zhi)事,犹衅眚屡彰。今欲(yu)依(yi)鸿(hong)(hong)祀之(zhi)(zhi)制,于太(tai)极殿前(qian)庭亲(qin)(qin)执(zhi)虔肃。”严谏曰:“鸿(hong)(hong)祀虽出《尚书(shu)(shu)大(da)传》,先儒(ru)所不(bu)(bu)究(jiu),历(li)代(dai)莫之(zhi)(zhi)兴,承天(tian)(tian)接神,岂(qi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)疑殆(dai)行事乎(hu)!天(tian)(tian)道(dao)无(wu)亲(qin)(qin),唯(wei)德是辅(fu),陛下祗顺恭敬,留(liu)心兆庶(shu),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)消灾复(fu)异。皆已(yi)蹈而行之(zhi)(zhi),德合神明,丘祷久矣,岂(qi)须屈万乘之(zhi)(zhi)尊,修杂(za)祀之(zhi)(zhi)事!君举必书(shu)(shu),可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)慎欤!”帝(di)嘉之(zhi)(zhi)而止。以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)扬(yang)州大(da)中正,严不(bu)(bu)就。有(you)(you)司(si)奏免,诏特以(yi)(yi)(yi)侯领(ling)尚书(shu)(shu)
时东海王(wang)奕(yi)求海盐、钱塘(tang)以(yi)水牛牵埭税取钱直,帝初从之,严谏乃(nai)止(zhi)。初,帝或施私恩(en),以(yi)钱帛赐(ci)左右。严又启诸所(suo)别赐(ci)及给(ji)厨食(shi),皆应减省。帝曰:“左右多(duo)困乏,故有所(suo)赐(ci),今通断之。又厨膳宜有减撤,思详具闻。”严多(duo)所(suo)匡益。
太和中,拜吴兴(xing)太守,加秩中二千石。善于宰(zai)牧,甚得(de)人和。余杭(hang)妇(fu)人经(jing)年荒,卖其(qi)(qi)子(zi)以(yi)活夫之兄(xiong)子(zi)。武康有(you)兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)二人,妻各有(you)孕,弟(di)(di)远(yuan)行未(wei)反,遇荒岁(sui),不能两(liang)全,弃其(qi)(qi)子(zi)而(er)活弟(di)(di)子(zi)。严(yan)并褒荐之。又(you)甄赏才(cai)能之士,论者美焉(yan)。五年,以(yi)疾去职,卒于家。
三子:道民(min),宣城内(nei)史;静民(min),散骑侍郎;福民(min),太子洗马(ma),皆为孙恩所害。
群(qun)(qun)(qun)字敬林,严叔父也(ye)。有智局,志尚不(bu)羁。苏峻(jun)入石头(tou),时匡术(shu)有宠于(yu)峻(jun),宾从甚盛。群(qun)(qun)(qun)与(yu)从兄愉同行于(yu)横(heng)塘(tang),遇之(zhi),愉止(zhi)与(yu)语,而群(qun)(qun)(qun)初不(bu)视术(shu)。术(shu)怒,欲刃(ren)之(zhi)。愉下车抱术(shu)曰:“吾(wu)弟(di)发(fa)狂,卿为我宥之(zhi)。”乃(nai)获(huo)免。后峻(jun)平,王导(dao)保存术(shu),尝(chang)(chang)因众坐,令术(shu)劝(quan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)酒(jiu)(jiu),以释(shi)横(heng)塘(tang)之(zhi)憾(han)。群(qun)(qun)(qun)答(da)曰:“群(qun)(qun)(qun)非孔子,厄同匡人。虽阳和(he)布气,鹰化为鸠,至于(yu)识者,犹憎其目。”导(dao)有愧色(se)。仕历中丞。性嗜酒(jiu)(jiu),导(dao)尝(chang)(chang)戒(jie)之(zhi)曰:“卿恆饮,不(bu)见酒(jiu)(jiu)家覆(fu)瓿布,日月久糜烂邪?”答(da)曰:“公(gong)不(bu)见肉糟淹更堪久邪?”尝(chang)(chang)与(yu)亲友书云:“今年(nian)田(tian)得(de)七百石秫(shu)米,不(bu)足了曲糵(nie)事。”其耽湎如此。卒于(yu)官。嗣子沉。
沉(chen)字德度,有(you)美名。何充荐(jian)沉(chen)于(yu)王导曰:“文思通(tong)敏,宜(yi)登宰门。”辟(pi)丞相司徒掾(yuan)、琅邪王文学(xue),并不(bu)就(jiu)。从(cong)兄坦以裘(qiu)遗之(zhi),辞不(bu)受。坦曰:“晏平仲俭,祀其先人(ren),豚肩不(bu)掩豆,犹狐裘(qiu)数十年(nian),卿复何辞!”于(yu)是受而服之(zhi)。是时沉(chen)与(yu)魏顗、虞球、虞存、谢奉(feng)并为四(si)族之(zhi)俊。
沉子(zi)廞(xin),位至吴(wu)兴太(tai)守、廷(ting)尉(wei)。廞(xin)子(zi)琳之,以草书(shu)擅名(ming),又为吴(wu)兴太(tai)守,侍(shi)中。
丁潭(tan),字世康,会(hui)稽(ji)山(shan)阴人(ren)也。祖固,吴司徒(tu)。父弥,梁(liang)州刺史。潭(tan)初为郡功曹,察孝(xiao)廉,除郎中,稍(shao)迁丞相西(xi)阁(ge)祭酒(jiu)。时元帝称制,使各(ge)陈时事(shi)损益,潭(tan)上书曰(yue):
为国者(zhe)(zhe)恃人(ren)须才,盖二千石长吏是(shi)也。安可不明简(jian)其(qi)才,使必(bi)允当(dang)。既(ji)(ji)然得其(qi)人(ren),使久(jiu)于其(qi)职(zhi),在官者(zhe)(zhe)无苟(gou)且(qie),居(ju)下者(zhe)(zhe)有恆心,此(ci)为政(zheng)之(zhi)较也。今之(zhi)长吏,迁(qian)转既(ji)(ji)数,有送迎之(zhi)费。古(gu)人(ren)三载考绩,三考黜陟,中才处局,故难(nan)以速成矣。
夫(fu)兵(bing)所(suo)以(yi)防(fang)御(yu)未然,镇压奸凶,周虽三圣,功(gong)成由(you)武(wu)。今(jin)(jin)戎战(zhan)之世(shi),益(yi)宜留心,简选(xuan)精锐(rui),以(yi)备不虞。无事则(ze)优其(qi)身,有(you)难则(ze)责其(qi)力。窃闻今(jin)(jin)之兵(bing)士,或(huo)私有(you)役(yi)使,而(er)营陈(chen)不充。夫(fu)为国者,由(you)为家也。计财(cai)力之所(suo)任,审趋(qu)舍之举(ju)动(dong),不营难成之功(gong),损弃分外之役(yi)。今(jin)(jin)兵(bing)人未强,当审其(qi)宜,经涂(tu)远举(ju),未献大捷,更使力单(dan)财(cai)尽而(er)威望挫弱也。
及帝践阼,拜驸马都尉、奉朝(chao)(chao)请(qing)、尚书祠部郎(lang)。时(shi)(shi)琅(lang)邪(xie)王(wang)裒始受封(feng),帝欲引朝(chao)(chao)贤为(wei)(wei)(wei)其国(guo)上(shang)卿,将(jiang)用潭,以(yi)(yi)(yi)问中(zhong)(zhong)书令(ling)(ling)(ling)贺(he)循(xun)。循(xun)曰(yue):“郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)令(ling)(ling)(ling)职望(wang)清重(zhong)(zhong),实(shi)宜审授。潭清淳贞粹,雅(ya)有(you)隐正,圣(sheng)明(ming)所(suo)简(jian),才(cai)实(shi)宜之(zhi)。”遂为(wei)(wei)(wei)琅(lang)邪(xie)王(wang)郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)令(ling)(ling)(ling)。会裒薨,潭上(shang)疏求行终丧(sang)礼(li)(li),曰(yue):“在(zai)三(san)(san)之(zhi)义(yi),礼(li)(li)有(you)达(da)制,近代(dai)已(yi)(yi)来(lai),或随时(shi)(shi)降(jiang)杀(sha),宜一(yi)(yi)匡革,以(yi)(yi)(yi)敦于(yu)(yu)后,辄案(an)令(ling)(ling)(ling)文(wen)(wen),王(wang)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)丧(sang),官(guan)(guan)僚(liao)服斩(zhan)(zhan),既(ji)葬(zang)而(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)。今国(guo)无(wu)(wu)继(ji)统,丧(sang)庭无(wu)(wu)主,臣(chen)实(shi)陋(lou)贱,不(bu)(bu)足当(dang)重(zhong)(zhong),谬荷首任,礼(li)(li)宜终丧(sang)。”诏(zhao)(zhao)下博议(yi)。国(guo)子(zi)祭(ji)酒杜夷议(yi):“古者(zhe)谅闇(an),三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)(bu)言。下及周世(shi),税衰效命(ming)。春秋之(zhi)时(shi)(shi),天子(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)既(ji)葬(zang)而(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)。此(ci)所(suo)谓三(san)(san)代(dai)损益,礼(li)(li)有(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。故(gu)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)丧(sang),由此(ci)而(er)(er)废(fei)。然则汉文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)诏(zhao)(zhao),合于(yu)(yu)随时(shi)(shi),凡有(you)国(guo)者(zhe),皆宜同(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye),非唯施于(yu)(yu)帝皇而(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)。案(an)礼(li)(li),殇与无(wu)(wu)后,降(jiang)于(yu)(yu)成人(ren)(ren)(ren)。有(you)后,既(ji)葬(zang)而(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)。今不(bu)(bu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)后之(zhi)故(gu)而(er)(er)独不(bu)(bu)除(chu)(chu)也(ye)。愚以(yi)(yi)(yi)丁(ding)郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)应(ying)除(chu)(chu)衰麻(ma),自(zi)宜主祭(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)终三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。”太常贺(he)循(xun)议(yi):“礼(li)(li),天子(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)俱以(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)尊临人(ren)(ren)(ren),上(shang)下之(zhi)义(yi),群臣(chen)之(zhi)礼(li)(li),自(zi)古以(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai),其例一(yi)(yi)也(ye)。故(gu)礼(li)(li)盛则并全(quan)(quan)其重(zhong)(zhong),礼(li)(li)杀(sha)则从其降(jiang)。春秋之(zhi)事,天子(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)行三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)臣(chen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)服,亦宜以(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)节(jie),未有(you)君(jun)除(chu)(chu)而(er)(er)臣(chen)服,君(jun)服而(er)(er)臣(chen)除(chu)(chu)者(zhe)。今法(fa)令(ling)(ling)(ling),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)卿相官(guan)(guan)属为(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)斩(zhan)(zhan)衰,既(ji)葬(zang)而(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)令(ling)(ling)(ling)文(wen)(wen)言之(zhi),明(ming)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)丧(sang)与天子(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)可知也(ye)。君(jun)若(ruo)遂服,则臣(chen)子(zi)轻重(zhong)(zhong)无(wu)(wu)应(ying)除(chu)(chu)者(zhe)也(ye)。若(ruo)当(dang)皆除(chu)(chu),无(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)独重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)文(wen)(wen)。礼(li)(li)有(you)摄主而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)摄重(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)大功之(zhi)亲主人(ren)(ren)(ren)丧(sang)者(zhe),必(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)再祭(ji)练祥,以(yi)(yi)(yi)大功之(zhi)服,主人(ren)(ren)(ren)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)者(zhe)也(ye)。苟谓诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)与天子(zi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)制,国(guo)有(you)嗣(si)王(wang),自(zi)不(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)服,而(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)主居(ju)丧(sang),素服主祭(ji),三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)(bu)摄吉事,以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊令(ling)(ling)(ling)制。若(ruo)当(dang)远迹三(san)(san)代(dai),令(ling)(ling)(ling)复旧典,不(bu)(bu)依法(fa)令(ling)(ling)(ling)者(zhe),则侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)服贵贱一(yi)(yi)例,亦不(bu)(bu)得唯一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)论。”于(yu)(yu)是诏(zhao)(zhao)使除(chu)(chu)服,心丧(sang)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。
太(tai)(tai)兴三年,迁(qian)王导骠骑司马,转(zhuan)中(zhong)书(shu)(shu)郎(lang),出为广武将军、东阳(yang)太(tai)(tai)守,以清(qing)洁见称。征为太(tai)(tai)子左(zuo)卫率,不拜。成帝(di)践阼(zuo),以为散骑常(chang)(chang)侍、侍中(zhong)。苏峻(jun)作(zuo)乱(luan),帝(di)蒙尘(chen)于石(shi)头(tou),唯潭及侍中(zhong)钟雅、刘(liu)超等随从不离帝(di)侧(ce)。峻(jun)诛,以功赐爵(jue)永安(an)伯,迁(qian)大尚书(shu)(shu),徙廷尉,累迁(qian)左(zuo)光禄大夫(fu)、领国子祭酒、本国大中(zhong)正(zheng),加散骑常(chang)(chang)侍。
康帝即位,屡表乞骸骨。诏以光禄(lu)大夫(fu)还(hai)第,门施行(xing)马,禄(lu)秩一如旧制,给(ji)传诏二人(ren),赐钱二十万,床帐褥席。年八十,卒。赠侍(shi)中,大夫(fu)如故,谥曰简。王导(dao)尝(chang)谓孔敬(jing)康有(you)公(gong)(gong)才(cai)而无(wu)公(gong)(gong)望,丁(ding)世康有(you)公(gong)(gong)望而无(wu)公(gong)(gong)才(cai)。子话(hua),位至散(san)骑侍(shi)郎。
张茂(mao),字(zi)伟康,少(shao)单贫,有(you)志(zhi)行,为(wei)乡里所敬信。初起义兵(bing),讨贼陈斌(bin),一郡(jun)用全。元帝(di)辟(pi)为(wei)掾属。官(guan)有(you)老(lao)牛数(shu)十,将卖之(zhi)(zhi),茂(mao)曰(yue):“杀牛有(you)禁,买者不得辄屠,齿(chi)力疲老(lao),又(you)(you)不任耕驾,是以(yi)(yi)无用之(zhi)(zhi)物收百姓利也。”帝(di)乃止。迁太子右(you)卫率,出补吴兴内(nei)史。沈充(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)也,茂(mao)与三子并遇(yu)害。茂(mao)弟(di)盎(ang),为(wei)周札(zha)将军(jun),充(chong)讨札(zha),盎(ang)又(you)(you)死(si)之(zhi)(zhi)。赠茂(mao)太仆。茂(mao)少(shao)时梦得大(da)象,以(yi)(yi)问占梦万推(tui)。推(tui)曰(yue):“君当为(wei)大(da)郡(jun),而(er)不善也。”问其故,推(tui)曰(yue):“象者大(da)兽,兽者守也,故知当得大(da)郡(jun)。然象以(yi)(yi)齿(chi)焚,为(wei)人(ren)所害。”果如(ru)其言。
陶(tao)回(hui),丹(dan)阳人也。祖基,吴交州刺史。父抗,太(tai)子中庶(shu)子。回(hui)辟司(si)空府中军(jun)、主簿(bu),并不(bu)(bu)就。大将军(jun)王(wang)敦命(ming)为参军(jun),转州别驾。敦死,司(si)徒(tu)王(wang)导引为从事(shi)中郎,迁司(si)马。苏峻(jun)(jun)之(zhi)役(yi),回(hui)与孔坦言于导,请早出兵守江口,语在(zai)坦传。峻(jun)(jun)将至,回(hui)复(fu)谓亮(liang)曰:“峻(jun)(jun)知(zhi)石头有重(zhong)戍(shu),不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)直(zhi)下(xia),必向小(xiao)丹(dan)阳南道(dao)(dao)步来,宜伏兵要之(zhi),可一战而擒。”亮(liang)不(bu)(bu)从。峻(jun)(jun)果由(you)小(xiao)丹(dan)阳经秣陵,迷失道(dao)(dao),逢郡人,执以(yi)为乡导。时峻(jun)(jun)夜行,甚无部分(fen)。亮(liang)闻之(zhi),深悔(hui)不(bu)(bu)从回(hui)等之(zhi)言。寻王(wang)师败(bai)绩,回(hui)还(hai)本县,收合义军(jun),得千余人,并为步军(jun),与陶(tao)侃(kan)、温峤等并力攻(gong)峻(jun)(jun),又别破韩(han)晁(chao),以(yi)功封(feng)康乐伯(bo)。
时(shi)大贼(zei)(zei)新平,纲维弛废(fei),司徒(tu)王导以回(hui)有器干,擢(zhuo)补北(bei)军中(zhong)候,俄转中(zhong)护(hu)军。久(jiu)之(zhi),迁征(zheng)(zheng)虏将军、吴兴太守。时(shi)人饥谷(gu)贵,三吴尤甚。诏欲听相鬻卖(mai),以拯一时(shi)之(zhi)急。回(hui)上(shang)疏曰(yue):“当(dang)今天下不普荒俭,唯(wei)独东土谷(gu)价偏贵,便(bian)相鬻卖(mai),声必(bi)远流,北(bei)贼(zei)(zei)闻之(zhi),将窥疆场(chang)。如愚(yu)臣意,不如开(kai)仓廪以振之(zhi)。”乃不待(dai)报(bao),辄(zhe)便(bian)开(kai)仓,及割府郡军资(zi)数万斛米以救乏绝,由是一境获全。既而下诏,并敕会稽、吴郡依回(hui)振恤,二郡赖(lai)之(zhi)。在(zai)郡四年,征(zheng)(zheng)拜领军将军,加散骑常(chang)侍,征(zheng)(zheng)虏将军如故。
回(hui)性雅正(zheng),不(bu)(bu)惮(dan)强御(yu)。丹阳(yang)尹桓景(jing)佞事王(wang)导,甚为导所(suo)昵(ni)。回(hui)常(chang)慷慨(kai)谓(wei)景(jing)非正(zheng)人,不(bu)(bu)宜亲狎。会荧(ying)惑守南斗经旬,导语回(hui)曰(yue):“南斗,扬州分,而荧(ying)惑守之,吾当(dang)逊位以厌此谪。”回(hui)答曰(yue):“公以明德(de)作(zuo)相,辅弼圣主,当(dang)亲忠贞,远邪佞,而与(yu)桓景(jing)造膝,荧(ying)惑何(he)由退舍!”导深愧之咸和二年,以疾辞(ci)职,帝不(bu)(bu)许。徙护军将军,常(chang)侍、领军如故,未(wei)拜,卒,年五十一(yi)。谥曰(yue)威(wei)。
四子:汪(wang)、陋(lou)、隐(yin)、无(wu)忌。汪(wang)嗣(si)爵,位至辅国将军(jun)、宣城内史,陋(lou)冠军(jun)将军(jun),隐(yin)少府,无(wu)忌光禄勋,兄弟咸有于用。
史臣曰(yue):孔愉(yu)父子暨丁潭等,咸以筱簜之(zhi)材,邀缔构之(zhi)运,策(ce)名霸府,骋足(zu)高(gao)(gao)衢,历试(shi)清阶,遂登显要,外宣政绩(ji),内尽谋猷,罄心力以佐时(shi),竭股肱以卫主,并能保(bao)全名节,善始令(ling)终。而愉(yu)高(gao)(gao)谢(xie)百(bai)万(wan)之(zhi)赀,辞荣数亩之(zhi)宅,弘止足(zu)之(zhi)分,有廉让(rang)之(zhi)风者矣。陶回(hui)陈邪佞(ning)之(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)远,明鬻卖之(zhi)非宜(yi)(yi),并补(bu)阙弼违(wei),良可称也。
赞曰:愉(yu)既公(gong)才,潭唯公(gong)望。领(ling)军儒雅(ya),平(ping)(ping)越(yue)忠亮。君平(ping)(ping)料敌,彭祖弘益。茂(mao)以象焚,群由匡厄。陶回规过,言(yan)同金石。
更多有关晋书 二十四史 的资料