晋书--列传第五十
王羲之(zhi)(zhi)(子玄之(zhi)(zhi) 凝之(zhi)(zhi) 徽之(zhi)(zhi) 徽之(zhi)(zhi)子桢(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi) 徽之(zhi)(zhi) 弟操之(zhi)(zhi) 献之(zhi)(zhi) 许迈
王(wang)羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi),字逸少,司(si)徒(tu)导(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)子(zi)也(ye),祖正(zheng),尚书(shu)郎。父旷,淮南太守。元帝之(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)江(jiang)也(ye),旷首创其议。羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)幼(you)讷于言,人(ren)未之(zhi)(zhi)奇。年十三,尝谒周顗(yi),顗(yi)察而异之(zhi)(zhi)。时重(zhong)牛心炙,坐客未啖,顗(yi)先割啖羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi),于是始知(zhi)名(ming)。及长,辩赡,以骨鲠称,尤善隶书(shu),为(wei)古今之(zhi)(zhi)冠,论者称其笔势,以为(wei)飘若浮云,矫若惊龙。深为(wei)从(cong)伯敦(dun)、导(dao)所(suo)器(qi)重(zhong)。时陈留阮裕有(you)重(zhong)名(ming),为(wei)敦(dun)主簿。敦(dun)尝谓(wei)羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“汝是吾家(jia)佳子(zi)弟,当不减阮主簿。”裕亦目羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)与王(wang)承(cheng)、王(wang)悦为(wei)王(wang)氏三少。时太尉郗鉴使门生求女(nv)婿(xu)于导(dao),导(dao)令就东(dong)(dong)厢遍观子(zi)弟。门生归,谓(wei)鉴曰:“王(wang)氏诸少并佳,然闻(wen)信至,咸自矜(jin)持。惟一人(ren)在东(dong)(dong)床坦(tan)腹食,独若不闻(wen)。”鉴曰:“正(zheng)此佳婿(xu)邪!”访之(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye),遂以女(nv)妻之(zhi)(zhi)。
起家秘书(shu)(shu)(shu)郎,征西将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)庾亮(liang)请为参军(jun)(jun)(jun),累迁长(zhang)史。亮(liang)临薨(hong),上(shang)疏称(cheng)羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清贵有鉴裁。迁宁(ning)远将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、江(jiang)州(zhou)刺史。羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既少有美(mei)誉,朝廷公卿(qing)皆(jie)(jie)爱其才(cai)器,频召为侍中、吏部尚书(shu)(shu)(shu),皆(jie)(jie)不(bu)就。复(fu)授护军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),又推迁不(bu)拜。扬州(zhou)刺史殷浩素雅重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),劝使应命(ming),乃遗羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)曰:“悠悠者以足(zu)下出(chu)处足(zu)观政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隆(long)替,如吾(wu)等亦谓为然。至如足(zu)下出(chu)处,正与隆(long)替对(dui),岂可以一世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存亡,必(bi)从足(zu)下从容之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)适?幸徐求众心(xin)。卿(qing)不(bu)时(shi)起,复(fu)可以求美(mei)政不(bu)?若(ruo)豁然开怀,当知(zhi)万物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情也。”羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遂报书(shu)(shu)(shu)曰:“吾(wu)素自无(wu)(wu)廊庙志,直王丞相时(shi)果(guo)欲内(nei)吾(wu),誓不(bu)许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),手(shou)迹犹(you)存,由来尚矣,不(bu)于(yu)足(zu)下参政而(er)方(fang)进退。自兒娶女嫁,便(bian)怀尚子平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,数与亲(qin)知(zhi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非一日也。若(ruo)蒙驱使,关陇、巴蜀(shu)皆(jie)(jie)所不(bu)辞。吾(wu)虽(sui)无(wu)(wu)专对(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能,直谨守时(shi)命(ming),宣(xuan)国家威德,固(gu)当不(bu)同于(yu)凡(fan)使,必(bi)令远近咸(xian)知(zhi)朝廷留心(xin)于(yu)无(wu)(wu)外(wai),此所益殊不(bu)同居(ju)护军(jun)(jun)(jun)也。汉末使太傅马日磾慰(wei)抚关东,若(ruo)不(bu)以吾(wu)轻微,无(wu)(wu)所为疑,宜及初冬(dong)以行,吾(wu)惟(wei)恭以待命(ming)。”
羲(xi)(xi)之既拜(bai)护军,又(you)(you)苦(ku)求宣城(cheng)郡,不许,乃以(yi)为(wei)右(you)军将军、会稽内史(shi)。时(shi)殷浩(hao)(hao)与(yu)桓温不协,羲(xi)(xi)之以(yi)国家之安(an)在于内外和,因以(yi)与(yu)浩(hao)(hao)书(shu)以(yi)戒之,浩(hao)(hao)不从。及浩(hao)(hao)将北伐,羲(xi)(xi)之以(yi)为(wei)必败,以(yi)书(shu)止之,言(yan)甚切至。浩(hao)(hao)遂行果为(wei)姚(yao)襄所败。复图(tu)再举,又(you)(you)遗浩(hao)(hao)书(shu)曰:
知安西(xi)败(bai)丧,公私惋怛,不能须臾去怀(huai),以(yi)区(qu)区(qu)江左,所营综如(ru)此,天(tian)下寒心,固(gu)以(yi)久矣,而加之(zhi)败(bai)丧,此可熟念。往事岂复(fu)可追,顾思弘将来(lai),令(ling)天(tian)下寄命(ming)有(you)所,自隆中兴之(zhi)业。政以(yi)道胜宽和为(wei)本,力争武功,作非所当,因循所长,以(yi)固(gu)大(da)业,想识其由来(lai)也。
自寇乱以来(lai),处内外之(zhi)(zhi)任者,未有(you)(you)深谋(mou)远虑,括囊至(zhi)计(ji),而(er)疲竭根(gen)本,各从所志(zhi),竟(jing)无一(yi)功可(ke)论,一(yi)事可(ke)记,忠言嘉谋(mou)弃而(er)莫(mo)用,遂令天下将有(you)(you)土崩之(zhi)(zhi)势,何(he)能不痛心悲慨(kai)也。任其(qi)事者,岂得辞四(si)海之(zhi)(zhi)责(ze)!追咎(jiu)往事,亦何(he)所复及,宜(yi)更虚己求贤,当与有(you)(you)识共之(zhi)(zhi),不可(ke)复令忠允之(zhi)(zhi)言常(chang)屈(qu)于(yu)当权。今军(jun)破(po)于(yu)外,资竭于(yu)内,保淮之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)非(fei)复所及,莫(mo)过还(hai)保长(zhang)江(jiang),都督将各复旧(jiu)镇,自长(zhang)江(jiang)以外,羁縻而(er)已。任国钧者,引(yin)咎(jiu)责(ze)躬(gong),深自贬降以谢(xie)百姓。更与朝贤思布平政,除其(qi)烦苛,省其(qi)赋役,与百姓更始(shi)。庶可(ke)以允塞群望,救倒悬之(zhi)(zhi)急。
使(shi)君起于布衣,任天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,尚德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举,未(wei)(wei)能事事允称。当董(dong)统之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任而败丧(sang)至(zhi)此,恐阖朝群贤未(wei)(wei)有与(yu)人(ren)分其谤者。今亟(ji)修德补阙(que),广延群贤,与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分任,尚未(wei)(wei)知获济(ji)所期。若犹以(yi)前事为未(wei)(wei)工,故复求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于分外,宇宙虽广,自容何所!知言不必用,或取怨执政,然当情(qing)慨所在,正自不能不尽怀极言。若必亲征,未(wei)(wei)达此旨,果行者,愚智(zhi)所不解也。愿复与(yu)众共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
复被(bei)州符(fu),增运千石,征役兼(jian)至,皆以(yi)军期,对(dui)之丧气,罔知所厝。自顷年(nian)割剥遗黎(li),刑徒竟路,殆同秦政,惟未加参夷之刑耳,恐胜广之忧,无(wu)复日矣。
又与(yu)会稽王笺陈浩不(bu)宜北伐,并论时事曰:
古(gu)(gu)人耻(chi)其(qi)君不(bu)为尧舜,北(bei)面之(zhi)(zhi)道,岂不(bu)愿尊其(qi)所(suo)事,比隆(long)往(wang)代,况遇千载(zai)一时之(zhi)(zhi)运?顾智(zhi)力屈于(yu)当(dang)年,何得(de)不(bu)权(quan)轻(qing)重而处之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。今虽有(you)可(ke)欣之(zhi)(zhi)会,内求诸(zhu)己,而所(suo)忧(you)乃重于(yu)所(suo)欣。《传》云:“自非(fei)圣人,外宁必有(you)内忧(you)。”今外不(bu)宁,内忧(you)已深。古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)弘(hong)大业者(zhe),或不(bu)谋于(yu)众(zhong),倾国以济一时功者(zhe),亦往(wang)往(wang)而有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)。诚(cheng)独运之(zhi)(zhi)明足以迈众(zhong),暂劳之(zhi)(zhi)弊终(zhong)获永逸者(zhe)可(ke)也(ye)。求之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)今,可(ke)得(de)拟议乎!
夫庙算(suan)决胜,必(bi)宜审量彼我(wo),万全而(er)(er)(er)后动。功就(jiu)之日,便当(dang)因其众而(er)(er)(er)即其实。今功未(wei)(wei)可期(qi),而(er)(er)(er)遗黎歼尽,万不(bu)(bu)余一(yi)。且千里(li)馈粮,自古为难,况今转运(yun)供继(ji),西输许洛,北入黄河(he)。虽秦政之弊,未(wei)(wei)至(zhi)于此,而(er)(er)(er)十(shi)室之忧,便以交至(zhi)。今运(yun)无还期(qi),征求日重,以区区吴越经(jing)纬天下十(shi)分之九(jiu),不(bu)(bu)亡何待!而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)度(du)德量力,不(bu)(bu)弊不(bu)(bu)已,此封内所痛(tong)心叹悼而(er)(er)(er)莫敢吐诚。
往者(zhe)不可(ke)(ke)谏,来者(zhe)犹可(ke)(ke)追,愿殿下(xia)更垂(chui)三思,解而(er)更张(zhang),令殷(yin)浩(hao)、荀羡(xian)还据合肥、广(guang)陵,许昌、谯郡(jun)、梁(liang)、彭城诸(zhu)军皆(jie)还保(bao)淮,为不可(ke)(ke)胜之(zhi)基,须(xu)根(gen)立势举,谋之(zhi)未晚,此(ci)实当今策之(zhi)上者(zhe)。若(ruo)不行此(ci),社稷(ji)之(zhi)忧(you)可(ke)(ke)计日而(er)待。安危(wei)之(zhi)机,易于反掌(zhang),考之(zhi)虚实,著于目前,愿运独断(duan)之(zhi)明,定之(zhi)于一(yi)朝也。
地浅而言深,岂不(bu)知其(qi)未易(yi)。然古人处闾阎行阵之(zhi)间(jian),尚或干时谋国(guo),评裁(cai)者不(bu)以为讥,况厕大臣(chen)末行,岂可默而不(bu)言哉!存亡所系(xi),决在行之(zhi),不(bu)可复(fu)持疑后机(ji),不(bu)定之(zhi)于此(ci),后欲悔之(zhi),亦无及也。
殿(dian)下(xia)德冠(guan)宇内(nei),以公室辅(fu)朝,最可(ke)直道行之(zhi),致隆当(dang)年,而未允物望,受(shou)殊遇者(zhe)所以寤寐长叹,实为殿(dian)下(xia)惜之(zhi)。国家之(zhi)虑深矣(yi),常恐伍员之(zhi)忧不(bu)独(du)在昔(xi),麋鹿(lu)之(zhi)游(you)将不(bu)止林薮而已。愿殿(dian)下(xia)暂废虚远(yuan)之(zhi)怀,以救(jiu)倒悬之(zhi)急,可(ke)谓以亡为存,转祸为福(fu),则宗(zong)庙之(zhi)庆(qing),四(si)海有赖矣(yi)。
时东土饥荒,羲(xi)之辄开仓振贷。然朝(chao)廷赋役繁(fan)重,吴会忧甚,羲(xi)之每上疏(shu)争之,事(shi)多见(jian)从。又(you)遗尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)仆射谢安书(shu)(shu)曰:
顷所陈论,每蒙允纳,所以令(ling)下小得苏息,各安其业。若不耳,此一(yi)郡久以蹈(dao)东海矣。
今事之(zhi)大者未布,漕运是也。吾意望朝廷可申下定期,委之(zhi)所司,勿复催下,但当岁终考其殿最。长吏(li)尤殿,命槛车送诣(yi)天台。三县(xian)不举,二千石必免,或可左降,令在(zai)疆塞极难之(zhi)地。
又自吾(wu)到(dao)此,从事(shi)常有四五,兼(jian)以台(tai)(tai)司及都水御史(shi)行台(tai)(tai)文符如雨,倒错违(wei)背,不(bu)复可知。吾(wu)又瞑目循(xun)常推前,取重者及纲纪,轻者在五曹(cao)。主者莅事(shi),未尝得十日,吏民趋走(zou),功费万计。卿方任其重,可徐寻(xun)所(suo)言(yan)。江(jiang)左平日,扬(yang)州(zhou)一(yi)(yi)良(liang)刺史(shi)便足(zu)(zu)统之,况(kuang)以群才而更不(bu)理,正由为法不(bu)一(yi)(yi),牵制(zhi)者众,思简(jian)而易从,便足(zu)(zu)以保(bao)守成业
仓督监耗盗官米,动以万(wan)计,吾谓诛翦一(yi)人,其后(hou)便断,而时意不同。近(jin)检校诸县,无不皆尔。余姚近(jin)十万(wan)斛,重敛(lian)以资奸(jian)吏,令(ling)国用空乏,良可(ke)叹也。
自军兴以(yi)(yi)(yi)来,征役(yi)(yi)及(ji)充(chong)运死亡(wang)叛散不(bu)(bu)反(fan)者(zhe)众,虚耗至此(ci),而补代(dai)循(xun)常(chang),所(suo)在(zai)凋困,莫知(zhi)所(suo)出。上命(ming)所(suo)差(cha),上道(dao)多叛,则吏(li)及(ji)叛者(zhe)席(xi)卷同(tong)去(qu)。又(you)有(you)常(chang)制(zhi),辄令(ling)其(qi)家及(ji)同(tong)伍课捕(bu)。课捕(bu)不(bu)(bu)擒,家及(ji)同(tong)伍寻复(fu)(fu)亡(wang)叛。百(bai)姓流亡(wang),户(hu)口日减,其(qi)源在(zai)此(ci)。又(you)有(you)百(bai)工医寺(si),死亡(wang)绝(jue)没(mei),家户(hu)空(kong)尽(jin)(jin),差(cha)代(dai)无所(suo),上命(ming)不(bu)(bu)绝(jue),事(shi)(shi)起成十年(nian)、十五(wu)年(nian),弹举获罪无懈息而无益(yi)实(shi)(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi),何(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)堪之(zhi)!谓自今诸死罪原轻者(zhe)及(ji)五(wu)岁(sui)(sui)刑,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)充(chong)此(ci),其(qi)减死者(zhe),可(ke)(ke)长充(chong)兵役(yi)(yi),五(wu)岁(sui)(sui)者(zhe),可(ke)(ke)充(chong)杂(za)工医寺(si),皆令(ling)移(yi)其(qi)家以(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)(shi)(shi)都邑。都邑既(ji)实(shi)(shi)(shi),是政(zheng)之(zhi)本,又(you)可(ke)(ke)绝(jue)其(qi)亡(wang)叛。不(bu)(bu)移(yi)其(qi)家,逃(tao)亡(wang)之(zhi)患(huan)复(fu)(fu)如(ru)初(chu)耳(er)。今除(chu)罪而充(chong)杂(za)役(yi)(yi),尽(jin)(jin)移(yi)其(qi)家,小人愚迷,或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)重(zhong)于(yu)杀(sha)戮,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)绝(jue)奸。刑名虽(sui)轻,惩肃(su)实(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong),岂非适(shi)时之(zhi)宜邪!
羲(xi)(xi)之雅(ya)好服(fu)食养性,不乐在(zai)京师(shi),初渡浙(zhe)江,便有终焉(yan)之志。会稽有佳山水,名(ming)士多(duo)居之,谢安(an)未仕时(shi)亦居焉(yan)。孙绰、李充、许询、支遁等皆以文义冠世(shi),并筑室东土,与(yu)羲(xi)(xi)之同(tong)好。尝(chang)与(yu)同(tong)志宴集(ji)于会稽山阴之兰(lan)亭,羲(xi)(xi)之自为之序以申其志,曰:
永和九年,岁在(zai)癸丑,暮春之(zhi)(zhi)初,会(hui)于会(hui)稽山(shan)阴之(zhi)(zhi)兰亭,修禊事也(ye)。群贤毕(bi)至,少(shao)长咸集。此地有(you)崇山(shan)峻岭,茂林修竹,又有(you)清(qing)流(liu)激湍(tuan),映(ying)带(dai)左右,引以为流(liu)觞曲水,列坐其(qi)次。虽(sui)无丝竹管弦之(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng),一(yi)觞一(yi)咏,亦足(zu)以暢叙幽(you)情。
是日也(ye),天朗气清,惠(hui)风和暢(chang),仰(yang)观宇宙之(zhi)大(da),俯察(cha)品类之(zhi)盛,所以游目骋怀,足以极(ji)视听之(zhi)娱,信可乐也(ye)。
夫人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)与,俯(fu)仰(yang)一世,或(huo)取(qu)诸怀(huai)抱(bao),悟言一室之(zhi)(zhi)内,或(huo)因寄(ji)所托,放浪(lang)形(xing)骸之(zhi)(zhi)外。虽趣舍万殊,静躁不(bu)(bu)同(tong),当其欣于(yu)所遇,暂(zan)得于(yu)己,快然(ran)自足,不(bu)(bu)知老之(zhi)(zhi)将至(zhi)。及其所之(zhi)(zhi)既倦,情随(sui)事迁(qian),感慨系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)矣。向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)所欣,俯(fu)仰(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),已为(wei)陈迹,犹不(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)以之(zhi)(zhi)兴怀(huai)。况修(xiu)短随(sui)化(hua),终(zhong)期于(yu)尽。古人(ren)云,死生(sheng)亦大矣,岂不(bu)(bu)痛(tong)哉(zai)!
每览昔(xi)人(ren)(ren)兴(xing)感(gan)之由,若合(he)一契,未尝不临文嗟(jie)悼,不能喻之于怀。固知(zhi)一死生为虚诞,齐(qi)彭殇为妄作(zuo),后(hou)之视今,亦犹(you)今之视昔(xi),悲夫(fu)!故(gu)列叙时人(ren)(ren),录其所述,虽世殊事(shi)异,所以兴(xing)怀,其致一也(ye)。后(hou)之览者,亦将有感(gan)于斯文。
或以(yi)潘岳《金谷诗序》方其文,羲之比(bi)于石(shi)崇,闻而甚喜(xi)。
性(xing)爱鹅(e),会稽有孤(gu)居(ju)姥(lao)(lao)养一(yi)(yi)(yi)鹅(e),善(shan)鸣,求(qiu)(qiu)市未能得,遂携亲友命驾就观(guan)。姥(lao)(lao)闻羲(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)至(zhi),烹以待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),羲(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叹(tan)(tan)惜弥日(ri)(ri)。又(you)山(shan)(shan)阴有一(yi)(yi)(yi)道士,养好鹅(e),羲(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)往观(guan)焉,意甚悦(yue),固求(qiu)(qiu)市之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。道士云:“为(wei)写《道德经》,当举群相赠(zeng)耳。”羲(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欣然写毕(bi),笼鹅(e)而归,甚以为(wei)乐。其(qi)(qi)任(ren)率(lv)如(ru)此。尝(chang)诣门生(sheng)家(jia),见棐几(ji)滑(hua)净,因书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),真草(cao)(cao)(cao)相半。后为(wei)其(qi)(qi)父误刮(gua)去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),门生(sheng)惊懊(ao)者(zhe)累日(ri)(ri)。又(you)尝(chang)在(zai)蕺山(shan)(shan)见一(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)姥(lao)(lao),持六角竹扇卖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。羲(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书其(qi)(qi)扇,各为(wei)五(wu)字。姥(lao)(lao)初(chu)有愠色(se)。因谓姥(lao)(lao)曰:“但言是王右军书,以求(qiu)(qiu)百钱(qian)邪。”姥(lao)(lao)如(ru)其(qi)(qi)言,人竞买之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。他日(ri)(ri),姥(lao)(lao)又(you)持扇来,羲(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笑而不答。其(qi)(qi)书为(wei)世所重,皆此类也(ye)。每(mei)自称“我书比钟繇,当抗行;比张芝草(cao)(cao)(cao),犹当雁行也(ye)”。曾(ceng)与(yu)人书云:“张芝临池学书,池水尽黑,使人耽(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若(ruo)是,未必后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”羲(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书初(chu)不胜庾翼(yi)、郗愔,及其(qi)(qi)暮年方(fang)妙(miao)。尝(chang)以章草(cao)(cao)(cao)答庾亮,而翼(yi)深(shen)叹(tan)(tan)伏,因与(yu)羲(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书云:“吾昔有伯英章草(cao)(cao)(cao)十纸,过江颠狈(bei),遂乃亡(wang)失,常叹(tan)(tan)妙(miao)迹永绝。忽见足下答家(jia)兄书,焕若(ruo)神明,顿还旧观(guan)。”
时(shi)骠骑(qi)将(jiang)军王述(shu)(shu)(shu)少(shao)有(you)名誉,与羲(xi)(xi)之齐(qi)名,而(er)(er)羲(xi)(xi)之甚轻(qing)之,由是情好不(bu)(bu)协。述(shu)(shu)(shu)先为(wei)(wei)(wei)会(hui)稽(ji)(ji),以(yi)母(mu)丧(sang)居郡境,羲(xi)(xi)之代述(shu)(shu)(shu),止一吊(diao),遂(sui)不(bu)(bu)重诣(yi)。述(shu)(shu)(shu)每闻(wen)角声(sheng),谓(wei)羲(xi)(xi)之当(dang)候己(ji),辄洒扫而(er)(er)待(dai)之。如此者(zhe)累年,而(er)(er)羲(xi)(xi)之竟不(bu)(bu)顾,述(shu)(shu)(shu)深(shen)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)恨。及(ji)(ji)述(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)扬州(zhou)刺史,将(jiang)就征,周行郡界,而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)过羲(xi)(xi)之,临发,一别(bie)而(er)(er)去。先是,羲(xi)(xi)之常谓(wei)宾友曰:“怀(huai)祖(zu)正(zheng)当(dang)作尚(shang)书耳,投老可(ke)得(de)(de)仆射。更(geng)求会(hui)稽(ji)(ji),便自(zi)邈(miao)然。”及(ji)(ji)述(shu)(shu)(shu)蒙显授,羲(xi)(xi)之耻为(wei)(wei)(wei)之下,遣使诣(yi)朝(chao)廷,求分(fen)会(hui)稽(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)越州(zhou)。行人失(shi)辞(ci),大(da)为(wei)(wei)(wei)时(shi)贤(xian)所笑。既(ji)而(er)(er)内怀(huai)愧叹,谓(wei)其诸子曰:“吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)减(jian)怀(huai)祖(zu),而(er)(er)位遇悬邈(miao),当(dang)由汝等不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)坦之故(gu)邪!”述(shu)(shu)(shu)后检察(cha)会(hui)稽(ji)(ji)郡,辩其刑政,主者(zhe)疲于简对。羲(xi)(xi)之深(shen)耻之,遂(sui)称病(bing)去郡,于父母(mu)墓(mu)前(qian)自(zi)誓(shi)曰:“维(wei)永和十一年三月(yue)癸(gui)卯(mao)朔,九日(ri)辛亥,小子羲(xi)(xi)之敢(gan)告(gao)(gao)二尊(zun)(zun)之灵(ling)。羲(xi)(xi)之不(bu)(bu)天(tian)(tian),夙遭闵凶,不(bu)(bu)蒙过庭之训。母(mu)兄(xiong)鞠育,得(de)(de)渐(jian)庶(shu)几(ji),遂(sui)因人乏,蒙国宠荣。进(jin)(jin)无忠孝之节,退违推(tui)贤(xian)之义,每仰咏老氏(shi)、周任之诫,常恐死(si)亡无日(ri),忧(you)及(ji)(ji)宗祀,岂在(zai)微(wei)身而(er)(er)已!是用(yong)寤寐永叹,若(ruo)坠(zhui)深(shen)谷(gu)。止足(zu)之分(fen),定之于今。谨以(yi)今月(yue)吉辰肆筵(yan)设席,稽(ji)(ji)颡归诚,告(gao)(gao)誓(shi)先灵(ling)。自(zi)今之后,敢(gan)渝此心,贪(tan)冒苟进(jin)(jin),是有(you)无尊(zun)(zun)之心而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)子也。子而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)子,天(tian)(tian)地所不(bu)(bu)覆载,名教所不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)容。信(xin)誓(shi)之诚,有(you)如皦日(ri)!”
羲(xi)之既去(qu)官,与东(dong)土人士(shi)尽(jin)山水之游(you),弋钓为娱。又与道士(shi)许迈共修(xiu)服食,采(cai)药石不远千里(li),遍游(you)东(dong)中诸(zhu)郡,穷诸(zhu)名山,泛沧海,叹(tan)曰:“我卒(zu)当(dang)以(yi)乐死(si)。”谢安(an)尝谓羲(xi)之曰:“中年以(yi)来,伤于(yu)哀乐,与亲友别,辄作数日恶。”羲(xi)之曰:“年在(zai)桑(sang)榆,自然至此。顷正赖丝竹(zhu)陶写,恆恐兒辈觉,损其欢乐之趣。”朝廷(ting)以(yi)其誓苦,亦不复征(zheng)之。
时刘惔(yan)为丹阳(yang)尹(yin),许(xu)询尝就惔(yan)宿,床帷新丽(li),饮食丰甘。询曰:“若此(ci)保全,殊(shu)胜东山。”惔(yan)曰:“卿(qing)若知吉凶(xiong)由人,吾安得保此(ci)。”羲之在坐(zuo),曰:“令巢(chao)许(xu)遇稷契,当无(wu)此(ci)言(yan)。”二(er)人并有愧(kui)色。
初,羲之既优游无事,与吏(li)部郎(lang)谢(xie)万书曰(yue):
古之辞世(shi)者或被发(fa)阳狂,或污身秽迹(ji),可谓(wei)艰矣。今仆(pu)坐而获逸(yi),遂其宿心,其为庆幸(xing),岂非天赐(ci)!违天不祥。
顷东游还,修植桑(sang)果,今(jin)盛敷荣,率诸子,抱弱孙(sun),游观其间,有(you)一(yi)味之甘,割而分之,以娱(yu)目前。虽植德无(wu)殊(shu)邈,犹欲教养子孙(sun)以敦厚退让。或以轻(qing)薄(bo),庶令举策数马,仿佛万石之风。君谓此何如?
比当(dang)与安石东游山海,并行田(tian)视地利,颐(yi)养闲暇。衣(yi)食之余(yu),欲(yu)与亲(qin)知时共欢宴,虽(sui)不能兴言(yan)高咏,衔(xian)杯引满,语田(tian)里所行,故以为抚掌之资(zi),其为得意,可胜言(yan)邪!常(chang)依(yi)陆贾、班嗣、杨王孙(sun)之处世,甚欲(yu)希风数子,老(lao)夫(fu)志(zhi)愿(yuan)尽于此(ci)也(ye)。
万(wan)后为(wei)豫州都督,又遗万(wan)书诫之(zhi)曰:“以(yi)君(jun)迈(mai)往不屑之(zhi)韵(yun),而俯同群辟,诚难为(wei)意也。然所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)通识,正自当(dang)随(sui)事行藏,乃(nai)为(wei)远耳。愿君(jun)每(mei)与士之(zhi)下者同,则尽善(shan)矣。食(shi)不二味,居不重席,此复何有,而古(gu)人以(yi)为(wei)美(mei)谈。济否所(suo)(suo)由。实在积小以(yi)致高大,君(jun)其(qi)存之(zhi)。”万(wan)不能(neng)用,果(guo)败。
年五十九(jiu)卒,赠金紫光禄大夫(fu)。诸子遵父先旨,固让不受。
有七子,知名者(zhe)五人。玄之(zhi)早卒(zu)。次凝(ning)之(zhi),亦(yi)工(gong)草隶,仕(shi)历江州刺史、左将军、会稽(ji)内史。王氏(shi)世(shi)事张氏(shi)五斗米道,凝(ning)之(zhi)弥笃(du)。孙(sun)恩之(zhi)攻会稽(ji),僚佐请(qing)为之(zhi)备(bei)。凝(ning)之(zhi)不(bu)从,方入(ru)靖室请(qing)祷,出语诸(zhu)将佐曰:“吾已请(qing)大(da)道,许(xu)鬼兵(bing)相(xiang)助,贼自破矣。”既不(bu)设(she)备(bei),遂为孙(sun)所害。
徽(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)字子猷。性(xing)卓荦不(bu)(bu)羁(ji),为(wei)大司马桓温参(can)(can)军,蓬首散带(dai),不(bu)(bu)综府事。又(you)(you)为(wei)车骑(qi)桓冲(chong)(chong)骑(qi)兵(bing)参(can)(can)军,冲(chong)(chong)问:“卿署何曹(cao)?”对曰(yue):“似是马曹(cao)。”又(you)(you)问:“管(guan)几马?”曰(yue):“不(bu)(bu)知马,何由知数!”又(you)(you)问:“马比(bi)死(si)多少(shao)?”曰(yue):“未知生,焉(yan)知死(si)!”尝从(cong)冲(chong)(chong)行,值暴雨,徽(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)因(yin)下马排(pai)入车中,谓曰(yue):“公岂(qi)得独擅一车!”冲(chong)(chong)尝谓徽(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“卿在府日久,比(bi)当相料理(li)。”徽(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)初不(bu)(bu)酬答,直高(gao)视,以(yi)手版柱(zhu)颊云:“西山朝来致有爽气(qi)耳。”
时吴(wu)中一士(shi)大(da)夫家有好(hao)竹(zhu),欲观之(zhi)(zhi),便(bian)出(chu)(chu)坐舆造(zao)竹(zhu)下,讽啸(xiao)良久。主(zhu)人洒扫请坐,徽(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)顾。将(jiang)出(chu)(chu),主(zhu)人乃闭(bi)门(men),徽(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)便(bian)以此(ci)赏之(zhi)(zhi),尽(jin)叹而去(qu)。尝寄居空宅中,便(bian)令种竹(zhu)。或问(wen)其(qi)故,徽(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)但啸(xiao)咏(yong),指竹(zhu)曰:“何可一日无(wu)此(ci)君邪!”尝居山阴,夜雪(xue)初(chu)霁(ji),月(yue)色清朗,四望皓然,独酌酒咏(yong)左思《招(zhao)隐诗》,忽忆(yi)戴逵。逵时在剡,便(bian)夜乘小船诣之(zhi)(zhi),经宿方至,造(zao)门(men)不(bu)(bu)前而反。人问(wen)其(qi)故,徽(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“本(ben)乘兴而行,兴尽(jin)而反,何必(bi)见(jian)安道邪!”雅性放(fang)诞,好(hao)声色,尝夜与(yu)弟献之(zhi)(zhi)共读(du)《高士(shi)传赞》,献之(zhi)(zhi)赏井(jing)丹(dan)高洁(jie),徽(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“未若(ruo)(ruo)长卿慢(man)世也(ye)。”其(qi)傲(ao)达若(ruo)(ruo)此(ci)。时人皆钦其(qi)才而秽其(qi)行。
后为黄(huang)门(men)侍郎,弃官东(dong)归(gui),与献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)俱病笃,时有术(shu)人(ren)云:“人(ren)命应终,而有生(sheng)人(ren)乐代(dai)者,则(ze)死者可生(sheng)。”徽之(zhi)谓(wei)曰(yue):“吾才位不(bu)如弟,请以余(yu)年代(dai)之(zhi)。”术(shu)者曰(yue):“代(dai)死者,以己(ji)年有余(yu),得以足亡者耳。今君与弟算俱尽(jin),何代(dai)也!”未(wei)几,献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)卒(zu),徽之(zhi)奔(ben)丧不(bu)哭,直上(shang)灵床坐,取(qu)献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)琴弹(dan)之(zhi),久而不(bu)调(diao),叹曰(yue):“呜呼(hu)子敬,人(ren)琴俱亡!”因(yin)顿绝(jue)。先(xian)有背疾,遂溃裂,月余(yu)亦卒(zu)。子桢(zhen)之(zhi)。
桢(zhen)之字公干,历位侍中、大司(si)马长史。桓玄为(wei)太尉,朝(chao)臣毕集,问桢(zhen)之:“我何如(ru)君亡叔?”在(zai)坐咸为(wei)气(qi)咽(yan)。桢(zhen)之曰:“亡叔一(yi)时之标,公是千(qian)载之英(ying)。”一(yi)坐皆悦。
操之字子重(zhong),历侍中、尚书、豫章太(tai)守。
献之(zhi)(zhi)字子(zi)敬。少有盛名,而(er)高(gao)迈不(bu)羁,虽闲居终日,容止不(bu)怠,风(feng)(feng)流为一时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)。年数岁,尝观门生(sheng)樗(chu)蒱(pu),曰(yue)(yue):“南风(feng)(feng)不(bu)竞。”门生(sheng)曰(yue)(yue):“此郎亦管中(zhong)窥豹,时(shi)见一斑(ban)。”献之(zhi)(zhi)怒曰(yue)(yue):“远惭(can)荀奉(feng)倩,近愧刘真(zhen)长。”遂拂(fu)衣而(er)去。尝与兄(xiong)(xiong)徽之(zhi)(zhi)、操之(zhi)(zhi)俱诣谢安(an),二兄(xiong)(xiong)多言俗事,献之(zhi)(zhi)寒温而(er)已。既(ji)出(chu),客(ke)问安(an)王氏(shi)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟优劣,安(an)曰(yue)(yue):“小(xiao)者佳。”客(ke)问其(qi)故,安(an)曰(yue)(yue):“吉人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)寡,以(yi)其(qi)少言,故知之(zhi)(zhi)。”尝与徽之(zhi)(zhi)共在一室(shi),忽然火(huo)发,徽之(zhi)(zhi)遽走(zou),不(bu)遑(huang)取履。献之(zhi)(zhi)神色恬然,徐呼左右扶出(chu)。夜卧斋(zhai)中(zhong)而(er)有偷(tou)人(ren)入其(qi)室(shi),盗物(wu)都尽。献之(zhi)(zhi)徐曰(yue)(yue):“偷(tou)兒,氈青我家旧(jiu)物(wu),可(ke)特置之(zhi)(zhi)。”群偷(tou)惊走(zou)。
工草隶,善丹青。七八岁时(shi)学(xue)书(shu)(shu),羲(xi)(xi)之密从后(hou)掣其笔不(bu)得,叹(tan)曰:“此兒后(hou)当(dang)复(fu)有(you)大名(ming)。”尝书(shu)(shu)壁为方丈大字,羲(xi)(xi)之甚(shen)以为能,观者数百(bai)人。桓温尝使(shi)书(shu)(shu)扇,笔误落,因画(hua)作乌驳(bo)牸牛,甚(shen)妙。
起家(jia)州(zhou)主簿、秘书郎,转丞,以选尚(shang)新(xin)安(an)公主。尝经吴(wu)郡(jun),闻(wen)顾(gu)辟(pi)(pi)彊(qiang)(qiang)有名园。先不(bu)相(xiang)识,乘平肩舆径入。时辟(pi)(pi)彊(qiang)(qiang)方集宾友,而献之游历既毕,傍若无人(ren)。辟(pi)(pi)彊(qiang)(qiang)勃然(ran)数(shu)之曰:“傲主人(ren),非礼(li)也(ye)。以贵骄(jiao)士,非道也(ye)。失是(shi)二者,不(bu)足齿之伧耳。”便(bian)驱出(chu)门。献之傲如也(ye),不(bu)以屑意(yi)。
谢安(an)(an)甚钦爱(ai)之(zhi)(zhi),请(qing)为长史。安(an)(an)进号(hao)卫将(jiang)军(jun),复为长史。太元中,新(xin)起太极殿(dian),安(an)(an)欲使献之(zhi)(zhi)题(ti)榜(bang),以为万代宝(bao),而难(nan)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),试谓曰(yue):“魏(wei)时陵云殿(dian)榜(bang)未题(ti),而匠者误钉(ding)之(zhi)(zhi),不可下,乃(nai)使韦仲将(jiang)悬(xuan)橙书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)。比讫,须鬓尽白(bai),裁余(yu)气息。还语子弟,宜绝此(ci)法。”献之(zhi)(zhi)揣(chuai)知其旨,正色(se)曰(yue):“仲将(jiang),魏(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)大臣,宁有此(ci)事!使其若(ruo)此(ci),有以知魏(wei)德之(zhi)(zhi)不长。”安(an)(an)遂不之(zhi)(zhi)逼。安(an)(an)又问曰(yue):“君书(shu)何如君家尊?”答(da)曰(yue):“故当不同。”安(an)(an)曰(yue):“外论不尔。”答(da)曰(yue):“人那得知!”寻除建威将(jiang)军(jun)、吴兴太守,征拜中书(shu)令。
及安(an)薨(hong),赠(zeng)礼(li)有同异(yi)之议,惟(wei)献(xian)之、徐邈共明安(an)之忠勋(xun)。献(xian)之乃上(shang)疏曰(yue):“故(gu)太傅臣(chen)安(an)少振玄(xuan)风,道誉(yu)泮溢。弱冠(guan)遐栖,则契齐箕(ji)皓;应运释褐(he),而王(wang)猷允塞。及至(zhi)载宣(xuan)威(wei)灵,强(qiang)猾消殄。功勋(xun)既融,投AX高让。且服事先帝,眷(juan)隆布(bu)衣。陛(bi)下践(jian)阼,阳(yang)秋尚富,尽心竭(jie)智以辅(fu)圣明。考其潜跃始终,事情缱绻,实(shi)大晋之俊辅(fu),义(yi)笃(du)于曩臣(chen)矣。伏惟(wei)陛(bi)下留心宗臣(chen),澄神于省察。”孝(xiao)武帝遂加安(an)殊礼(li)。
未几(ji),献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)遇疾,家人为上(shang)章,道家法应(ying)首过(guo),问其(qi)(qi)有何得失。对曰:“不觉余事,惟忆与郗家离(li)婚。”献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)前妻,郗昙女也。俄(e)而卒于官。安(an)僖(xi)皇(huang)后(hou)立,以(yi)后(hou)父(fu)追赠侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、特进、光禄大(da)夫(fu)、太宰(zai),谥曰宪。无子,以(yi)兄(xiong)子静(jing)之(zhi)嗣(si),位至义兴太守。时议者以(yi)为羲之(zhi)草隶,江左中(zhong)(zhong)朝莫(mo)有及者,献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)骨力远不及父(fu),而颇有媚(mei)趣(qu)。桓玄雅(ya)爱其(qi)(qi)父(fu)子书(shu),各为一帙,置左右(you)以(yi)玩之(zhi)。始羲之(zhi)所与共(gong)游者许迈。
许迈,字叔玄,一名(ming)映(ying),丹阳句容人也。家(jia)世士族,而(er)迈少恬(tian)静,不(bu)慕仕进(jin)。未弱冠(guan),尝(chang)造郭璞(pu),璞(pu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筮(shi),遇《泰》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《大畜》,其(qi)上(shang)六(liu)爻发(fa)。璞(pu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)曰:“君元吉(ji)自(zi)天,宜学升遐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。”时南海太守(shou)鲍靓(jing)隐迹潜遁(dun),人莫(mo)(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知。迈乃(nai)(nai)往候之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),探(tan)其(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)。父(fu)母(mu)尚存(cun),未忍(ren)违亲。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)余(yu)杭悬霤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)近延(yan)陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茅(mao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),是(shi)洞庭(ting)西(xi)门,潜通(tong)五岳,陈安(an)(an)世、茅(mao)季伟(wei)常(chang)所游(you)处,于(yu)是(shi)立精舍于(yu)悬霤,而(er)往来茅(mao)岭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洞室(shi),放(fang)绝世务(wu),以(yi)(yi)寻仙馆,朔望时节还(hai)家(jia)定省而(er)已。父(fu)母(mu)既(ji)终(zhong),乃(nai)(nai)遣妇(fu)孙(sun)氏还(hai)家(jia),遂携其(qi)同(tong)志(zhi)遍游(you)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)焉(yan)。初采药于(yu)桐庐(lu)县(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),饵(er)术涉(she)三年(nian),时欲(yu)断谷。以(yi)(yi)此山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)近人,不(bu)得(de)专一,四面(mian)籓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),好道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒欲(yu)相见者(zhe),登楼(lou)与(yu)(yu)语(yu),以(yi)(yi)此为(wei)乐。常(chang)服气,一气千余(yu)息。永和二(er)年(nian),移入(ru)临安(an)(an)西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),登岩(yan)茹芝,眇尔自(zi)得(de),有(you)终(zhong)焉(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)。乃(nai)(nai)改名(ming)玄,字远(yuan)游(you)。与(yu)(yu)妇(fu)书告别,又(you)著(zhu)诗十二(er)首(shou),论(lun)神仙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事焉(yan)。羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未尝(chang)不(bu)弥日忘归,相与(yu)(yu)为(wei)世外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交。玄遗羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书云:“自(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)阴南至(zhi)(zhi)临安(an)(an),多有(you)金堂玉室(shi),仙人芝草,左元放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,汉(han)末诸(zhu)得(de)道(dao)(dao)者(zhe)皆在焉(yan)。”羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)传,述灵异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹甚多,不(bu)可详记。玄自(zi)后(hou)莫(mo)(mo)测所终(zhong),好道(dao)(dao)者(zhe)皆谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羽化矣。
赞曰:书契(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴,肇乎中(zhong)(zhong)古,绳文鸟迹,不(bu)(bu)足可观。末代(dai)去朴(po)归(gui)华,舒笺(jian)点(dian)翰,争相跨(kua)尚,竞(jing)其(qi)工拙(zhuo)。伯英临(lin)池之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙(miao),无(wu)(wu)(wu)复(fu)余(yu)踪;师(shi)宜悬(xuan)帐(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi),罕(han)有(you)遗迹。逮(dai)乎钟王以(yi)(yi)降,略可言焉。钟虽(sui)擅美(mei)一时(shi),亦为回(hui)绝,论(lun)其(qi)尽善,或有(you)所疑(yi)。至(zhi)于布纤浓(nong),分疏(shu)密,霞舒云卷,无(wu)(wu)(wu)所间然(ran)。但(dan)其(qi)体则古而(er)不(bu)(bu)今(jin),字则长而(er)逾制,语其(qi)大量(liang),以(yi)(yi)此为瑕。献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虽(sui)有(you)父风(feng),殊非新巧。观其(qi)字势(shi)疏(shu)瘦,如(ru)(ru)隆(long)冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枯(ku)树(shu);览(lan)其(qi)笔(bi)踪拘束,若严家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饿(e)隶。其(qi)枯(ku)树(shu)也(ye),虽(sui)槎枿而(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)屈(qu)伸;其(qi)饿(e)隶也(ye),则羁羸而(er)不(bu)(bu)放纵。兼(jian)斯(si)二(er)者,故(gu)翰墨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)歙!子云近(jin)出(chu),擅名(ming)江表,然(ran)仅(jin)得成(cheng)(cheng)书,无(wu)(wu)(wu)丈夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi),行(xing)行(xing)若萦春蚓,字字如(ru)(ru)绾秋蛇(she);卧王濛于纸中(zhong)(zhong),坐徐偃于笔(bi)下(xia);虽(sui)秃(tu)千(qian)兔(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)翰,聚无(wu)(wu)(wu)一毫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筋(jin),穷万谷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮,敛无(wu)(wu)(wu)半分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨;以(yi)(yi)兹播(bo)美(mei),非其(qi)滥名(ming)邪!此数(shu)子者,皆誉过其(qi)实(shi)。所以(yi)(yi)详察(cha)古今(jin),研精篆素,尽善尽美(mei),其(qi)惟王逸少乎!观其(qi)点(dian)曳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工,裁成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙(miao),烟霏(fei)露结,状若断(duan)而(er)还连(lian);凤翥龙蟠,势(shi)如(ru)(ru)斜(xie)而(er)反(fan)直(zhi)。玩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)觉为倦,览(lan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莫(mo)识其(qi)端,心慕手追,此人(ren)而(er)已。其(qi)余(yu)区区之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,何足论(lun)哉!
更多有关晋书 二十四史 的资料