晋书--列传第五十四
王恭 庾楷 刘牢(lao)之(子敬宣) 殷(yin)仲堪 杨(yang)佺期
王恭(gong),字孝(xiao)伯(bo),光禄大夫蕴子,定皇(huang)后之(zhi)(zhi)兄(xiong)也(ye)。少有美誉,清操过人(ren),自负(fu)才地高华,恆(heng)有宰辅之(zhi)(zhi)望。与王忱(chen)齐名友善,慕刘(liu)惔之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)人(ren)。谢安常曰(yue):“王恭(gong)人(ren)地可以为(wei)将来(lai)伯(bo)舅。”尝从其(qi)父自会稽至都,忱(chen)访之(zhi)(zhi),见恭(gong)所坐六尺簟,忱(chen)谓(wei)其(qi)有余,因求之(zhi)(zhi)。恭(gong)辄以送焉,遂坐荐上。忱(chen)闻而大惊,恭(gong)曰(yue):“吾(wu)平生无长物。”其(qi)简率(lv)如此。
起家为佐著作郎(lang),叹曰:“仕宦不为宰相,才志(zhi)何(he)足以(yi)骋!”因以(yi)疾(ji)辞。俄为秘书(shu)丞(cheng),转中书(shu)郎(lang),未拜,遭父忧(you)。服阕,除吏(li)部郎(lang),历(li)建威将军(jun)。太(tai)元中,代(dai)沈嘉为丹(dan)阳尹,迁(qian)中书(shu)令,领太(tai)子詹事(shi)。
孝武帝以(yi)(yi)恭(gong)(gong)后(hou)兄(xiong),深(shen)相(xiang)钦重。时陈郡(jun)袁悦之以(yi)(yi)倾(qing)巧事会稽王(wang)道子(zi)(zi),恭(gong)(gong)言(yan)之于帝,遂诛之。道子(zi)(zi)尝集朝(chao)士(shi),置(zhi)酒于东府(fu),尚书(shu)令(ling)谢石因醉为(wei)(wei)委巷之歌,恭(gong)(gong)正(zheng)色曰:“居端右之重,集籓王(wang)之第,而(er)肆(si)淫声,欲令(ling)群下何所取则(ze)!”石深(shen)衔之。淮陵内史(shi)虞珧子(zi)(zi)妻裴氏(shi)有(you)(you)服食之术,常(chang)衣黄衣,状如(ru)天师(shi),道子(zi)(zi)甚(shen)悦之,令(ling)与宾客(ke)谈论(lun),时人皆为(wei)(wei)降节(jie)。恭(gong)(gong)抗言(yan)曰:“未(wei)闻宰相(xiang)之坐有(you)(you)失行妇人。”坐宾莫不(bu)反侧,道子(zi)(zi)甚(shen)愧(kui)之。其(qi)后(hou)帝将擢时望以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)籓屏,乃以(yi)(yi)恭(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)都(dou)督(du)(du)兗青(qing)冀(ji)幽并徐州(zhou)晋(jin)陵诸军(jun)事、平北(bei)将军(jun)、兗青(qing)二州(zhou)刺史(shi)、假节(jie),镇京口。初,都(dou)督(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)“北(bei)”为(wei)(wei)号者,累有(you)(you)不(bu)祥,故桓冲、王(wang)坦(tan)之、刁彝之徒(tu)不(bu)受镇北(bei)之号。恭(gong)(gong)表让军(jun)号,以(yi)(yi)超受为(wei)(wei)辞,而(er)实恶其(qi)名,于是(shi)改号前将军(jun)。慕容(rong)垂入青(qing)州(zhou),恭(gong)(gong)遣偏师(shi)御之,失利,降号辅国将军(jun)。
及(ji)帝(di)崩,会稽(ji)王道(dao)(dao)子执政(zheng)(zheng),宠昵王国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao),委以(yi)(yi)机(ji)权(quan)。恭(gong)每正色(se)直(zhi)(zhi)言,道(dao)(dao)子深(shen)惮而(er)忿(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)。及(ji)赴(fu)山陵(ling),罢朝,叹曰:“榱栋虽新,便有《黍离》之(zhi)(zhi)叹矣。”时(shi)国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)从(cong)弟绪(xu)说(shuo)(shuo)国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao),因恭(gong)入觐相(xiang)(xiang)王,伏兵杀之(zhi)(zhi),国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)许。而(er)道(dao)(dao)子亦欲辑和(he)内外,深(shen)布腹心于(yu)恭(gong),冀(ji)除旧恶。恭(gong)多不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺,每言及(ji)时(shi)政(zheng)(zheng),辄(zhe)厉声(sheng)色(se)。道(dao)(dao)子知恭(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可和(he)协,王绪(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)遂行(xing)(xing),于(yu)是国(guo)难(nan)始结。或劝恭(gong)因人朝以(yi)(yi)兵诛(zhu)国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao),而(er)庾楷(kai)党于(yu)国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao),士(shi)马甚(shen)盛(sheng),恭(gong)惮之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢发,遂还镇。临别,谓道(dao)(dao)子曰:“主上(shang)谅闇,冢宰(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)任,伊(yi)周(zhou)所难(nan),愿大王亲(qin)万机(ji),纳直(zhi)(zhi)言,远郑声(sheng),放佞人。”辞色(se)甚(shen)厉,故国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)等(deng)愈惧。以(yi)(yi)恭(gong)为安北将(jiang)军,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拜。乃谋诛(zhu)国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao),遣使与殷(yin)仲堪、桓玄相(xiang)(xiang)结,仲堪伪许之(zhi)(zhi)。恭(gong)得(de)书,大喜,乃抗表(biao)京师(shi)曰:“后(hou)(hou)将(jiang)军国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)得(de)以(yi)(yi)姻戚频(pin)登显列,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能感恩效力,以(yi)(yi)报时(shi)施,而(er)专宠肆威,将(jiang)危社稷。先帝(di)登遐,夜乃犯阖叩扉,欲矫遗诏。赖皇太后(hou)(hou)聪明(ming)(ming)(ming),相(xiang)(xiang)王神武,故逆谋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)果(guo)。又割(ge)东(dong)宫见兵以(yi)(yi)为己(ji)府,谗疾二昆甚(shen)于(yu)仇敌。与其从(cong)弟绪(xu)同(tong)党凶狡,共相(xiang)(xiang)扇动。此不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忠(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)义之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)白(bai)也。以(yi)(yi)臣(chen)忠(zhong)诚,必亡身殉国(guo),是以(yi)(yi)谮臣(chen)非一。赖先帝(di)明(ming)(ming)(ming)鉴(jian),浸润(run)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)。昔赵(zhao)鞅兴(xing)甲,诛(zhu)君侧之(zhi)(zhi)恶,臣(chen)虽驽劣,敢忘斯义!”表(biao)至,内外戒严。国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao)及(ji)绪(xu)惶惧不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知所为,用王珣计,请(qing)解职(zhi)。道(dao)(dao)子收国(guo)宝(bao)(bao)(bao),赐死,斩绪(xu)于(yu)市,深(shen)谢愆失(shi),恭(gong)乃还京口(kou)。
恭之(zhi)初抗表(biao)也,虑事不捷,乃(nai)版前(qian)司(si)徒(tu)左长(zhang)史(shi)王廞为吴国内史(shi),令起兵(bing)于东。会国宝死,令廞解军去(qu)职。廞怒,以(yi)兵(bing)伐(fa)恭。恭遣刘牢之(zhi)击(ji)灭(mie)之(zhi),上疏自贬(bian),诏不许。谯王尚之(zhi)复说道(dao)子以(yi)籓(fan)伯(bo)强盛(sheng),宰相权弱,宜多(duo)树置(zhi)以(yi)自卫。道(dao)子然之(zhi),乃(nai)以(yi)其司(si)马王愉为江(jiang)州刺史(shi),割庾(yu)楷(kai)豫州四郡使愉督之(zhi)。由(you)是楷(kai)怒,遣子鸿说恭曰:“尚之(zhi)兄弟专弄相权,欲(yu)假朝威(wei)贬(bian)削方(fang)镇,惩警前(qian)事,势转难(nan)测。及其议未成(cheng),宜早图(tu)之(zhi)。”恭以(yi)为然,复以(yi)谋告殷仲(zhong)堪(kan)、桓玄(xuan)。玄(xuan)等从之(zhi),推恭为盟主,克(ke)期同赴京师。
时内(nei)外疑阻,津(jin)逻严急,仲堪之信因庾(yu)楷(kai)(kai)(kai)达之,以(yi)(yi)斜绢(juan)为书,内(nei)箭秆中,合镝漆(qi)之,楷(kai)(kai)(kai)送于恭(gong)。恭(gong)发书,绢(juan)文角戾(li),不复可识,谓楷(kai)(kai)(kai)为诈。又料仲堪去年已不赴盟,今无动理,乃(nai)先期举兵。司马刘牢之谏(jian)曰:“将军(jun)(jun)今动以(yi)(yi)伯(bo)舅之重,执(zhi)忠贞之节,相(xiang)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)姬(ji)旦(dan)之尊,时望所系,昔年已戮宝、绪,送王(wang)(wang)廞书,是(shi)深(shen)伏将军(jun)(jun)也。顷所授(shou)用(yong),虽(sui)非皆允,未(wei)为大(da)失。割(ge)庾(yu)楷(kai)(kai)(kai)四郡以(yi)(yi)配王(wang)(wang)愉,于将军(jun)(jun)何损!晋阳(yang)之师(shi),其可再乎!”恭(gong)不从,乃(nai)上表以(yi)(yi)封王(wang)(wang)愉、司马尚之兄弟为辞。朝廷使元显及王(wang)(wang)珣(xun)、谢琰等距之。
恭(gong)梦牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坐其处(chu),旦谓牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“事克,即以卿为北(bei)府。”遣(qian)牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)率帐下督颜延先(xian)据竹里。元显使(shi)说牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),啖(dan)以重(zhong)利(li),牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)斩颜延以降。是日,牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遣(qian)其婿高雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、子(zi)(zi)敬(jing)宣,因恭(gong)曜军。轻骑(qi)击恭(gong)。恭(gong)败,将还(hai),雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已闭城门,恭(gong)遂与弟履单(dan)骑(qi)奔(ben)曲阿。恭(gong)久不骑(qi)乘,髀生(sheng)疮(chuang),不复能去(qu)。曲阿人(ren)殷确,恭(gong)故参军也,以船载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),藏(zang)于苇席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,将奔(ben)桓玄。至长(zhang)塘(tang)(tang)湖,遇商人(ren)钱强。强宿憾于确,以告湖浦尉。尉收之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以送京(jing)师。道子(zi)(zi)闻其将至,欲出(chu)与语,面折之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杀也。时(shi)桓玄等已至石头(tou),惧其有变,即于建(jian)康(kang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倪(ni)塘(tang)(tang)斩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。恭(gong)五男及弟爽(shuang)、爽(shuang)兄(xiong)子(zi)(zi)秘书(shu)郎和及其党孟璞、张恪(ke)等皆(jie)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
恭性抗(kang)直。深(shen)存节义,读(du)《左传(chuan)》至“奉王(wang)命讨不(bu)庭(ting)”,每辍卷而叹。为性不(bu)弘,以暗(an)于(yu)机会,自(zi)(zi)在北(bei)府,虽以简惠为政,然自(zi)(zi)矜贵(gui),与下殊(shu)隔。不(bu)闲用(yong)兵,尤信佛(fo)道,调役百姓,修营佛(fo)寺,务在壮(zhuang)丽,士庶怨嗟(jie)。临刑,犹诵佛(fo)经,自(zi)(zi)理须(xu)鬓,神无(wu)惧容,谓监刑者(zhe)曰:“我(wo)暗(an)于(yu)信人,所以致(zhi)此,原其本心,岂(qi)不(bu)忠于(yu)社稷(ji)!但令(ling)百代之下知(zhi)有(you)王(wang)恭耳。”家无(wu)财(cai)帛(bo),唯(wei)书(shu)籍而已,为识者(zhe)所伤(shang)。
恭美(mei)姿仪,人多(duo)爱悦,或目之(zhi)云“濯濯如春月柳”。尝被鹤氅裘,涉雪而行,孟(meng)昶窥见之(zhi),叹(tan)曰:“此真神仙中(zhong)人也!”初见执,遇故吏戴耆之(zhi)为(wei)湖(hu)孰令,恭私告之(zhi)曰:“我有庶兒未(wei)举,在乳母(mu)家,卿为(wei)我送寄桓南(nan)郡。”耆之(zhi)遂送之(zhi)于夏口。桓玄抚养之(zhi),为(wei)立丧庭吊(diao)祭(ji)焉(yan)。及玄执政,上表理(li)恭,诏(zhao)赠侍中(zhong)、太保,谥曰忠(zhong)简。爽(shuang)赠太常,和及子简并通直散骑(qi)郎(lang),殷确(que)散骑(qi)侍郎(lang)。腰斩湖(hu)浦尉及钱(qian)强等。恭庶子昙亨(heng),义熙中(zhong)为(wei)给事中(zhong)。
庾楷(kai),征西将(jiang)军亮之(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun),会(hui)稽(ji)内(nei)史羲小子也(ye)。初(chu)拜侍中(zhong)(zhong),代兄准为(wei)西中(zhong)(zhong)郎(lang)将(jiang)、豫州刺史、假节,镇历(li)阳。隆安初(chu),进号左将(jiang)军。时(shi)会(hui)稽(ji)王道子惮王恭(gong)、殷仲堪等擅兵,故(gu)出王愉为(wei)江州,督豫州四郡,以(yi)(yi)为(wei)形援(yuan)。楷(kai)上(shang)疏以(yi)(yi)江州非险塞(sai)之(zhi)(zhi)地,而西府北带寇戎,不(bu)应(ying)使(shi)愉分督,诏不(bu)许(xu)。时(shi)楷(kai)怀恨,使(shi)子鸿说王恭(gong),以(yi)(yi)谯王尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)兄弟(di)复握机权,势过国宝。恭(gong)亦素忌尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)。遂连谋举兵。事在(zai)恭(gong)传。诏使(shi)尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)讨楷(kai)。楷(kai)遣汝(ru)南太守段(duan)方逆尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi),战于慈湖(hu),方大败,被杀,楷(kai)奔于桓玄(xuan)(xuan)。及(ji)玄(xuan)(xuan)等盟(meng)于柴桑,连名上(shang)疏自(zi)理,诏赦玄(xuan)(xuan)等而不(bu)赦恭(gong)、楷(kai),楷(kai)遂依玄(xuan)(xuan),玄(xuan)(xuan)用为(wei)武昌太守。楷(kai)后惧(ju)玄(xuan)(xuan)必败,密遣使(shi)结会(hui)稽(ji)世子元显:“若朝廷讨玄(xuan)(xuan),当为(wei)内(nei)应(ying)。”及(ji)玄(xuan)(xuan)得志,楷(kai)以(yi)(yi)谋泄(xie),为(wei)玄(xuan)(xuan)所诛。
刘牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi),字道坚(jian)(jian),彭城人也(ye)。曾(ceng)祖(zu)羲(xi),以善射事武帝(di),历北地、雁(yan)门太(tai)守。父(fu)建,有武干,为(wei)(wei)征虏将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)。世(shi)以壮勇称(cheng)。牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)面紫赤色,须(xu)目惊人,而(er)沈毅(yi)多(duo)(duo)计(ji)画。太(tai)元初,谢玄北镇广陵(ling),时苻坚(jian)(jian)方(fang)盛,玄多(duo)(duo)募劲勇,牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)与东海何(he)谦(qian)、琅邪诸(zhu)葛侃、乐安高衡、东平(ping)刘轨(gui)、西河田洛及(ji)(ji)晋陵(ling)孙无终等(deng)以骁猛(meng)应选。玄以牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)参军(jun),领精锐为(wei)(wei)前锋,百战百胜,号(hao)为(wei)(wei)“北府兵”,敌人畏之(zhi)(zhi)。及(ji)(ji)坚(jian)(jian)将(jiang)(jiang)句难南侵(qin),玄率何(he)谦(qian)等(deng)距(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)。牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)破(po)难辎重于盱眙,获其运船,迁鹰扬将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、广陵(ling)相。
时(shi)车骑(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)桓冲击(ji)襄阳,宣(xuan)城(cheng)(cheng)内史胡彬(bin)率众向寿(shou)阳,以(yi)(yi)为冲声援。牢之(zhi)领卒二(er)千(qian),为彬(bin)后继。淮(huai)(huai)肥之(zhi)役,苻坚遣其弟融及骁将(jiang)张蚝攻(gong)陷寿(shou)阳,谢(xie)玄使彬(bin)与(yu)牢之(zhi)距之(zhi)。师次硖(xia)石(shi),不敢进(jin)。坚将(jiang)梁成又以(yi)(yi)二(er)万人屯(tun)洛涧,玄遣牢之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)精卒五千(qian)距之(zhi)。去(qu)贼(zei)十里,成阻涧列阵(zhen)。牢之(zhi)率参军(jun)刘(liu)袭、诸(zhu)(zhu)葛求等(deng)直(zhi)进(jin)渡水,临阵(zhen)斩成及其弟云,又分兵断其归(gui)津。贼(zei)步(bu)骑(qi)崩溃,争赴(fu)淮(huai)(huai)水,杀(sha)获万余人,尽收其器械。坚寻亦(yi)大败,归(gui)长安,余党(dang)所(suo)在屯(tun)结。牢之(zhi)进(jin)平谯城(cheng)(cheng),使安丰太守戴宝戍(shu)之(zhi)。迁龙(long)骧(xiang)将(jiang)军(jun)、彭城(cheng)(cheng)内史,以(yi)(yi)功(gong)赐爵武冈县男,食邑(yi)五百户。牢之(zhi)进(jin)屯(tun)鄄城(cheng)(cheng),讨诸(zhu)(zhu)未服,河南城(cheng)(cheng)堡承风归(gui)顺者甚众。
时(shi)苻坚子丕据鄴,为慕容(rong)垂(chui)(chui)所逼,请降(jiang),牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)引兵(bing)救之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。垂(chui)(chui)闻军至,出新(xin)城(cheng)(cheng)北走(zou)。牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与沛郡太(tai)(tai)(tai)守田(tian)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)追之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),行(xing)二百里,至五桥泽中,争趣辎重,稍乱,为垂(chui)(chui)所击(ji),牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)败绩,士卒(zu)歼焉。牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策马跳五丈涧(jian),得(de)脱。会丕救至,因入临漳,集亡散(san),兵(bing)复少(shao)振。牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以军败征还。顷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),复为龙骧将军,守淮阴(yin)。后进(jin)戍彭(peng)城(cheng)(cheng),复领(ling)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守。祅贼(zei)刘黎(li)僭尊号于皇丘,牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讨灭(mie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。苻坚将张(zhang)遇(yu)遣(qian)(qian)兵(bing)击(ji)破金乡(xiang)。围太(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守羊(yang)迈(mai),牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遣(qian)(qian)参军向钦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)击(ji)走(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。会慕容(rong)垂(chui)(chui)叛将翟(zhai)钊(zhao)救遇(yu),牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)引还。钊(zhao)还,牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)进(jin)平(ping)太(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan),追钊(zhao)于鄄城(cheng)(cheng),钊(zhao)走(zou)河北,因获张(zhang)遇(yu)以归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彭(peng)城(cheng)(cheng)。袄贼(zei)司马徽聚党马头山(shan),牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遣(qian)(qian)参军竺朗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讨灭(mie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时(shi)慕容(rong)氏掠廪丘,高平(ping)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守徐含远告急,牢(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不能救,坐畏懦免。
及王(wang)(wang)恭(gong)(gong)将讨王(wang)(wang)国宝(bao),引牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)府司马(ma),领(ling)南彭城内(nei)史(shi),加辅国将军(jun)。恭(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讨破王(wang)(wang)廞(xin),以(yi)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)领(ling)晋(jin)陵(ling)太守。恭(gong)(gong)本以(yi)才地陵(ling)物(wu),及檄至京(jing)师,朝廷戮国宝(bao)、王(wang)(wang)绪(xu),自(zi)谓威(wei)德(de)已著(zhu),虽杖牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)爪牙,但以(yi)行阵武将相(xiang)遇,礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚薄。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)负其才能,深怀耻(chi)恨。及恭(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后举,元(yuan)显(xian)遣庐江(jiang)太守高素说牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)叛恭(gong)(gong),事成,当即其位号,牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许焉(yan)。恭(gong)(gong)参军(jun)何澹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)其谋告恭(gong)(gong)。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与澹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有隙,故(gu)恭(gong)(gong)疑而不(bu)纳。乃置酒请牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于众中,拜牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)兄,精兵(bing)利器悉以(yi)配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)(shi)为(wei)前锋。行至竹(zhu)里,牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)背恭(gong)(gong)归朝廷。恭(gong)(gong)既死,遂代恭(gong)(gong)为(wei)都督兗、青、冀、幽、并、徐(xu)、扬州、晋(jin)陵(ling)军(jun)事。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本自(zi)小将,一(yi)朝据恭(gong)(gong)位,众情不(bu)悦,乃树用腹(fu)心徐(xu)谦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等以(yi)自(zi)强。时杨佺期、桓玄将兵(bing)上(shang)表理王(wang)(wang)恭(gong)(gong),求诛(zhu)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)率北府之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众驰(chi)赴京(jing)师,次于新亭。玄等受诏退兵(bing),牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)还镇京(jing)口。
及孙(sun)恩(en)攻(gong)(gong)陷会稽(ji),牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)遣将桓(huan)宝率师救(jiu)三吴(wu),复(fu)遣子敬宣为(wei)宝后继。比至(zhi)(zhi)曲阿,吴(wu)郡(jun)(jun)内(nei)史(shi)桓(huan)谦已(yi)弃郡(jun)(jun)走,牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)率众(zhong)(zhong)东讨,拜表辄行。至(zhi)(zhi)吴(wu),与(yu)卫将军谢(xie)(xie)琰击贼(zei),屡(lv)胜(sheng),杀伤甚众(zhong)(zhong),径(jing)临浙(zhe)江(jiang)。进拜前将军、都(dou)督吴(wu)郡(jun)(jun)诸军事。时谢(xie)(xie)琰屯(tun)乌程,遣司马高素助牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)率众(zhong)(zhong)军济(ji)浙(zhe)江(jiang),恩(en)惧,逃于海。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)还(hai)镇,恩(en)复(fu)入会稽(ji),害谢(xie)(xie)琰。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)进号镇北将军、都(dou)督会稽(ji)五郡(jun)(jun),率众(zhong)(zhong)东征,屯(tun)上虞(yu),分军戍诸县。恩(en)复(fu)攻(gong)(gong)破吴(wu)国(guo),杀内(nei)史(shi)袁(yuan)山松。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)参军刘(liu)裕(yu)讨之(zhi)(zhi),恩(en)复(fu)入海。顷之(zhi)(zhi)。恩(en)浮海奄至(zhi)(zhi)京口(kou),战(zhan)士十万,楼(lou)船千余。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)在山阴,使(shi)刘(liu)裕(yu)自(zi)海盐赴难,牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)率大众(zhong)(zhong)而还(hai)。裕(yu)兵不满千人,与(yu)贼(zei)战(zhan),破之(zhi)(zhi)。恩(en)闻牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)还(hai)京口(kou),乃(nai)走郁洲,又(you)为(wei)敬宣、刘(liu)裕(yu)等所破。及恩(en)死,牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)威名(ming)转振。
元(yuan)兴初,朝廷将讨桓玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),以(yi)牢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)前(qian)锋都督、征西将军,领江州事。元(yuan)显遣使(shi)以(yi)讨玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)事谘牢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。牢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)少有(you)(you)雄(xiong)名,杖全楚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众,惧不(bu)(bu)能制(zhi),又虑(lv)平玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)功(gong)(gong)盖天下(xia),必不(bu)(bu)为(wei)元(yuan)显所容,深怀疑贰(er),不(bu)(bu)得已(yi)率北府文(wen)(wen)武屯洌洲。桓玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)遣何穆说牢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“自(zi)古(gu)乱世(shi)君(jun)(jun)臣相(xiang)信者有(you)(you)燕昭乐毅、玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德孔(kong)明,然(ran)皆勋业未(wei)卒(zu)而(er)(er)二主(zhu)早世(shi),设使(shi)功(gong)(gong)成事遂(sui),未(wei)保二臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸也(ye)。鄙(bi)语有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):‘高鸟(niao)尽(jin),良弓藏;狡兔(tu)殚(dan),猎(lie)犬烹。’故文(wen)(wen)种诛于(yu)句(ju)践,韩白戮于(yu)秦(qin)汉。彼皆英雄(xiong)霸王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu),犹(you)不(bu)(bu)敢信其功(gong)(gong)臣,况凶愚凡庸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流乎!自(zi)开辟(pi)以(yi)来,戴震(zhen)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,挟不(bu)(bu)赏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong),以(yi)见容于(yu)暗世(shi)者而(er)(er)谁?至如管(guan)仲相(xiang)齐(qi),雍齿(chi)侯汉,则(ze)(ze)往往有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),况君(jun)(jun)见与(yu)无射钩屡逼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仇邪!今君(jun)(jun)战败(bai)则(ze)(ze)倾宗,战胜亦(yi)覆(fu)族,欲(yu)以(yi)安归乎?孰(shu)若翻然(ran)改图,保其富贵,则(ze)(ze)身(shen)(shen)与(yu)金(jin)石等固,名与(yu)天壤无穷,孰(shu)与(yu)头(tou)足异处(chu),身(shen)(shen)名俱灭,为(wei)天下(xia)笑哉!惟君(jun)(jun)图之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”牢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)谓握强(qiang)兵,才能算略(lve)足以(yi)经(jing)纶(lun)江表,时谯王尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)败(bai),人情转沮(ju),乃颇(po)纳穆说,遣使(shi)与(yu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)交(jiao)通。其甥何无忌(ji)与(yu)刘裕(yu)固谏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并不(bu)(bu)从。俄令葆宣降玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)大喜,与(yu)敬(jing)宣置酒宴集,阴谋诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),陈法书(shu)画图与(yu)敬(jing)宣共观(guan),以(yi)安悦其志。敬(jing)宣不(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觉,玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)佐(zuo)吏(li)莫不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)视而(er)(er)笑。
元显既败,玄(xuan)以牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)为征(zheng)东将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、会(hui)稽太守,牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)乃(nai)(nai)叹曰:“始尔,便夺我兵,祸将(jiang)(jiang)至矣(yi)!”时玄(xuan)屯相府,敬(jing)宣(xuan)劝牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)袭(xi)玄(xuan),犹(you)豫不决(jue),移屯班渎(du),将(jiang)(jiang)北奔(ben)广(guang)陵相高雅之(zhi),欲据江北以距玄(xuan),集众大议。参军(jun)刘(liu)袭(xi)曰:“事(shi)不可者莫大于(yu)反(fan)(fan),而将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)往年反(fan)(fan)王兗州,近日反(fan)(fan)司(si)马郎君,今复欲反(fan)(fan)桓公。一人而三反(fan)(fan),岂得立也(ye)。”语毕,趋出,佐吏多散走。而敬(jing)宣(xuan)先(xian)还京口拔其家(jia),失期(qi)不到。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)谓其为刘(liu)袭(xi)所杀(sha),乃(nai)(nai)自缢而死。俄而敬(jing)宣(xuan)至,不遑(huang)哭,奔(ben)于(yu)高雅之(zhi)。将(jiang)(jiang)吏共殡(bin)敛(lian)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi),丧归丹徒。桓玄(xuan)令斫棺(guan)斩首,暴尸于(yu)市,及(ji)刘(liu)裕建义,追理牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi),乃(nai)(nai)复本官。
敬(jing)宣(xuan),牢之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)子也。智略不及(ji)父(fu),而(er)技艺过之(zhi)(zhi)。孙恩之(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan),随父(fu)征(zheng)讨,所向有功。为(wei)元(yuan)显从事中郎,又为(wei)桓玄(xuan)谘(zi)议(yi)参军(jun)(jun)(jun)。牢之(zhi)(zhi)败(bai),与(yu)广陵(ling)相(xiang)高雅之(zhi)(zhi)俱奔慕容超,梦丸(wan)土(tu)而(er)服之(zhi)(zhi),既(ji)觉,喜曰:“丸(wan)者桓也,丸(wan)既(ji)吞矣,我当复(fu)土(tu)也。”旬日而(er)玄(xuan)败(bai),遂与(yu)司(si)马(ma)休(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)还京师(shi)。拜辅(fu)国将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、晋陵(ling)太守。与(yu)诸葛长(zhang)民破桓歆于芍陂,迁建(jian)威将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、江州刺史(shi),镇(zhen)寻阳。又击(ji)桓亮、苻(fu)宏于湘(xiang)中,所在(zai)有功。安帝反(fan)(fan)政,征(zheng)拜冠军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、宣(xuan)城内史(shi),领襄城太守。谯(qiao)(qiao)纵反(fan)(fan),以(yi)敬(jing)宣(xuan)督征(zheng)蜀军(jun)(jun)(jun)事、假节,与(yu)宁朔将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)臧喜西伐(fa)。敬(jing)宣(xuan)人自白(bai)帝,所攻皆克。军(jun)(jun)(jun)次黄兽(shou),与(yu)伪将(jiang)(jiang)谯(qiao)(qiao)道(dao)福相(xiang)持六十余(yu)日,遇(yu)疠疫,又以(yi)食尽,班师(shi),为(wei)有司(si)所劾,免官。顷之(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)中军(jun)(jun)(jun)谘(zi)议(yi),加(jia)冠军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),寻迁镇(zhen)蛮护军(jun)(jun)(jun)、安丰太守、梁国内史(shi)。会卢循反(fan)(fan),以(yi)冠军(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)从大军(jun)(jun)(jun)南讨。循平,迁左卫将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、散骑(qi)常侍,又迁征(zheng)虏(lu)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、青州刺史(shi)。寻改镇(zhen)冀州,为(wei)其参军(jun)(jun)(jun)司(si)马(ma)道(dao)赐所害。
殷仲(zhong)堪,陈郡人也。祖融,太常、吏部(bu)尚书。父师(shi),骠骑谘(zi)议参(can)军(jun)(jun)、晋(jin)陵太守(shou)、沙阳男(nan)。仲(zhong)堪能清言,善(shan)属文(wen),每(mei)云三日(ri)不读《道德论》,便觉舌本间强。其谈理与韩康(kang)伯齐名(ming),士(shi)咸爱慕之(zhi)。调补(bu)佐著作郎。冠军(jun)(jun)谢玄(xuan)镇京口(kou),请为参(can)军(jun)(jun)。除尚书郎,不拜。玄(xuan)以为长史,厚任(ren)遇之(zhi)。仲(zhong)堪致书于玄(xuan)曰:
胡亡之(zhi)后,中原子(zi)女鬻于(yu)江(jiang)东(dong)者(zhe)不(bu)可(ke)胜数,骨肉星离,荼毒终(zhong)年,怨苦之(zhi)气(qi),感伤和理(li)(li),诚丧(sang)乱之(zhi)常,足(zu)以惩戒(jie),复非王泽(ze)广润,爱育苍(cang)生之(zhi)意也。当世(shi)大人既(ji)慨然(ran)经略(lve),将以救其涂(tu)炭,而使理(li)(li)至于(yu)此,良可(ke)叹息!愿节下弘之(zhi)以道德,运之(zhi)以神明,隐心以及(ji)物,垂理(li)(li)以禁暴,使足(zu)践晋境者(zhe)必无(wu)怀戚之(zhi)心,枯槁之(zhi)类莫不(bu)同渐天润,仁义与(yu)干戈并运,德心与(yu)功业俱隆,实(shi)所期于(yu)明德也。
顷闻抄掠所得(de),多皆采梠饥人,壮者(zhe)欲(yu)以(yi)救子,少者(zhe)志在存亲,行者(zhe)倾筐以(yi)顾念,居者(zhe)吁(yu)嗟以(yi)待延。而一(yi)旦幽絷,生(sheng)离死绝,求之(zhi)(zhi)于情,可伤之(zhi)(zhi)甚。昔孟(meng)孙猎而得(de)麑,使(shi)秦西(xi)以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)归,其母随而悲鸣,不(bu)(bu)忍而放之(zhi)(zhi),孟(meng)孙赦(she)其罪以(yi)傅其子。禽兽犹(you)不(bu)(bu)可离,况于人乎!夫飞鸮(xiao),恶鸟(niao)也,食桑葚,犹(you)怀好音。虽曰戎狄(di),其无情乎!苟感之(zhi)(zhi)有物(wu),非难化也。必(bi)使(shi)边界无贪小(xiao)利,强弱不(bu)(bu)得(de)相(xiang)陵,德音一(yi)发,必(bi)声振沙漠,二寇之(zhi)(zhi)党,将(jiang)靡然(ran)向风,何忧黄河之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)济,函谷之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)开哉!
玄深然之。
领(ling)晋陵太守(shou),居(ju)郡禁(jin)产子不举,久丧(sang)(sang)不葬,录父(fu)母以(yi)(yi)质亡叛者,所下(xia)条教甚有(you)义理(li)。父(fu)病积年,仲堪衣不解带,躬(gong)学医术,究其(qi)精妙,执药挥泪,遂眇一目。居(ju)丧(sang)(sang)哀毁(hui),以(yi)(yi)孝(xiao)闻。服阕,孝(xiao)武帝(di)召(zhao)为太子中庶子,甚相亲(qin)爱。仲堪父(fu)尝患耳聪,闻床下(xia)蚁动,谓(wei)之(zhi)牛斗(dou)。帝(di)素闻之(zhi)而(er)不知其(qi)人(ren)。至是,从容问仲堪曰:“患此者为谁?”仲堪流涕而(er)起曰:“臣进(jin)退惟谷。”帝(di)有(you)愧焉。复领(ling)黄门郎(lang),宠任转隆(long)。帝(di)尝示仲堪侍,乃(nai)曰:“勿以(yi)(yi)己才而(er)笑(xiao)不才。”帝(di)以(yi)(yi)会稽王非社稷(ji)之(zhi)臣,擢所亲(qin)幸以(yi)(yi)为籓捍,乃(nai)授伸堪都督(du)荆(jing)益宁三(san)州军(jun)事、振威将(jiang)军(jun)、荆(jing)州刺史、假(jia)节,镇江陵。将(jiang)之(zhi)任,又诏(zhao)曰:“卿去有(you)日,使人(ren)酸然。常谓(wei)永(yong)为廊庙之(zhi)宝,而(er)忽为荆(jing)楚之(zhi)珍,良以(yi)(yi)慨恨!”其(qi)恩狎如此。
仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)虽有(you)(you)英誉,议者未以分陕许之(zhi)(zhi)。既受腹心之(zhi)(zhi)任,居(ju)上流之(zhi)(zhi)重,朝野属想(xiang),谓有(you)(you)异政。及在州(zhou),纲目不举(ju),而好(hao)行小惠,夷夏(xia)颇安(an)附(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)。先(xian)是,仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)游于江(jiang)滨,见(jian)流棺,接而葬焉。旬日间,门(men)前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)沟忽起为(wei)(wei)岸。其夕,有(you)(you)人通(tong)仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan),自(zi)称徐伯玄,云:“感(gan)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)惠,无以报也。”仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)因(yin)问:“门(men)前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)岸是何祥乎?”对曰(yue):“水(shui)中有(you)(you)岸,其名为(wei)(wei)洲,君(jun)将为(wei)(wei)州(zhou)。”言(yan)终而没(mei)。至(zhi)是,果临荆州(zhou)。桂阳人黄钦生(sheng)(sheng)父(fu)没(mei)已久,诈(zha)服衰麻,言(yan)迎父(fu)丧(sang)。府曹先(xian)依律(lv)诈(zha)取(qu)父(fu)母(mu)卒弃市(shi),仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)乃曰(yue):“律(lv)诈(zha)取(qu)父(fu)母(mu)宁依驱詈法弃市(shi)。原此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)旨,当(dang)以二亲生(sheng)(sheng)存而横言(yan)死没(mei),情事悖逆,忍所不当(dang),故同之(zhi)(zhi)驱詈之(zhi)(zhi)科,正以大辟之(zhi)(zhi)刑。今(jin)钦生(sheng)(sheng)父(fu)实终没(mei),墓在旧(jiu)邦,积年久远(yuan),方诈(zha)服迎丧(sang),以此(ci)为(wei)(wei)大妄(wang)耳。比之(zhi)(zhi)于父(fu)存言(yan)亡,相殊(shu)远(yuan)矣(yi)。”遂活之(zhi)(zhi)。又以异姓(xing)相养(yang),礼(li)律(lv)所不许,子孙继(ji)亲族(zu)无后者,唯(wei)令主其蒸尝,不听别籍以避役(yi)也。佐史咸服之(zhi)(zhi)。
时朝(chao)廷(ting)征益(yi)州刺史郭铨,犍为太守卞苞于(yu)坐劝铨以蜀反,仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)斩之以闻(wen)。朝(chao)廷(ting)以仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)事不(bu)预(yu)察,降号(hao)鹰扬将军。尚(shang)书下以益(yi)州所统梁(liang)州三郡(jun)人丁一千番戍汉中,益(yi)州未肯承遣。仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)乃(nai)奏(zou)之曰:
夫制(zhi)险(xian)(xian)分国,各有(you)攸宜(yi)(yi),剑阁(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隘(ai),实蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)关键。巴西、梓潼、宕(dang)渠三郡(jun)(jun)(jun)去汉(han)中(zhong)(zhong)辽(liao)远,在(zai)剑阁(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,成败与蜀为一(yi),而(er)统(tong)属梁州(zhou),盖定鼎(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)华,虑在(zai)后伏(fu),所(suo)以(yi)分斗绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势,开荷戟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路。自皇(huang)居(ju)南迁,守在(zai)岷邛,衿带之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形,事异曩昔。是以(yi)李势初平,割此(ci)(ci)三郡(jun)(jun)(jun)配隶益(yi)州(zhou),将(jiang)欲重复上流为习(xi)坎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)防。事经英(ying)略(lve),历年(nian)数(shu)纪。梁州(zhou)以(yi)统(tong)接旷远,求还得三郡(jun)(jun)(jun),忘王侯设(she)险(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,背地(di)势内外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实,盛(sheng)陈(chen)事力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寡(gua)(gua)弱(ruo),饰哀矜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苦言(yan)。今华阳乂清,陇(long)顺轨,关中(zhong)(zhong)余烬,自相鱼肉,梁州(zhou)以(yi)论求三郡(jun)(jun)(jun),益(yi)州(zhou)以(yi)本统(tong)有(you)定,更相牵制(zhi),莫知所(suo)从。致令巴、宕(dang)二郡(jun)(jun)(jun)为群(qun)獠所(suo)覆,城邑空虚(xu),士(shi)庶流亡(wang),要(yao)害(hai)膏腴皆为獠有(you)。今远虑长规,宜(yi)(yi)保全险(xian)(xian)塞(sai)。又蛮(man)獠炽盛(sheng),兵力(li)寡(gua)(gua)弱(ruo),如遂经理乖谬,号令不一(yi),则剑阁(ge)非我保,丑类转(zhuan)难制(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)乃(nai)籓捍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大机,上流之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至要(yao)。
昔三(san)郡(jun)全(quan)实,正(zheng)差(cha)文武三(san)百,以助梁州(zhou)。今俘没蛮獠,十不遗二,加逐食鸟(niao)散,资生未立,苟顺(shun)符指(zhi)以副梁州(zhou),恐公私困弊,无(wu)(wu)以堪命(ming),则剑阁之(zhi)守(shou)无(wu)(wu)击(ji)柝之(zhi)储(chu),号令选用不专于益州(zhou),虚有(you)监统之(zhi)名,而(er)无(wu)(wu)制御之(zhi)用,惧非分位之(zhi)本旨,经国之(zhi)远术。谓今正(zheng)可更加梁州(zhou)文武五百,合(he)前(qian)为(wei)一千(qian)五百,自(zi)此之(zhi)外,一仍旧(jiu)贯。设梁州(zhou)有(you)急(ji),蜀当倾力救之(zhi)。
书奏,朝廷许焉。
桓玄(xuan)在(zai)南郡,论四皓来仪汉庭,孝惠(hui)以(yi)(yi)立,而(er)惠(hui)帝柔弱,吕后凶忌,此(ci)数(shu)公者,触彼埃尘,欲以(yi)(yi)救弊(bi)。二(er)家之(zhi)中,各有其(qi)党,夺彼与此(ci),其(qi)仇必兴(xing)。不知匹夫之(zhi)志,四公何以(yi)(yi)逃(tao)其(qi)患?素履终吉,隐以(yi)(yi)保生者,其(qi)若是乎(hu)!以(yi)(yi)其(qi)文赠仲堪(kan)。仲堪(kan)乃(nai)答(da)之(zhi)曰:
隐(yin)显默语,非(fei)贤达之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),盖(gai)所遇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时不同,故所乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途(tu)必异。道(dao)无(wu)所屈而(er)天下以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)获(huo)宁,仁者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)未(wei)能无(wu)感。若夫四公者,养志岩(yan)阿,道(dao)高天下,秦(qin)网虽(sui)虐,游之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)莫惧,汉祖(zu)虽(sui)雄,请之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)弗(fu)顾,徒以(yi)(yi)一(yi)理(li)有感,泛然而(er)应(ying),事同宾客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),言(yan)无(wu)是非(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)对,孝惠以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)获(huo)安(an),莫由报其德,如意以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)籓,无(wu)所容其怨。且争夺滋(zi)生,主非(fei)一(yi)姓(xing),则(ze)百姓(xing)生心(xin),祚无(wu)常(chang)人(ren),则(ze)人(ren)皆自贤,况夫汉以(yi)(yi)剑起,人(ren)未(wei)知义(yi),式遏奸邪,特宜以(yi)(yi)正顺为(wei)宝。天下,大器也,苟乱(luan)亡(wang)见惧,则(ze)沧海横流。原夫若人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)振策,岂为(wei)一(yi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)废(fei)兴哉(zai)!苟可(ke)以(yi)(yi)暢其仁义(yi),与夫伏节委(wei)质可(ke)荣可(ke)辱者,道(dao)迹悬殊,理(li)势不同,君何疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉(zai)!
又谓诸(zhu)吕强盛,几危刘氏,如意若立,必无此患。夫(fu)祸福同(tong)门,倚伏(fu)万端,又未(wei)可断也。于时天下新(xin)定,权由上制,高祖分王(wang)子弟,有磐石(shi)之(zhi)固(gu),社稷深谋之(zhi)臣,森然(ran)比(bi)肩,岂琐琐之(zhi)禄产所能倾夺(duo)之(zhi)哉!此或四公所预,于今亦(yi)无以辩(bian)之(zhi),但求古贤之(zhi)心,宜存之(zhi)远大耳。端本正(zheng)源(yuan)者,虽不能无危,其危易持。苟启竞津,虽未(wei)必不安,而其安难(nan)保(bao)。此最有国(guo)之(zhi)要道(dao)。古今贤哲所同(tong)惜也。
玄屈之。
仲(zhong)(zhong)堪自在荆州,连年(nian)水旱,百姓饥馑(jin),仲(zhong)(zhong)堪食常(chang)五碗,盘无(wu)余肴(yao),饭粒(li)落席间,辄(zhe)拾以(yi)啖(dan)之(zhi)(zhi),虽欲率(lv)物(wu),亦缘其(qi)(qi)性真素也。每语子弟云:“人物(wu)见我受任(ren)方州,谓我豁平昔时意,今吾处之(zhi)(zhi)不易(yi)。贫者士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)常(chang),焉(yan)得登(deng)枝而捐其(qi)(qi)本?尔其(qi)(qi)存之(zhi)(zhi)!”其(qi)(qi)后蜀水大(da)出,漂浮(fu)江陵数千家。以(yi)堤防不严,复降为宁远将(jiang)军(jun)。安(an)帝即位,进(jin)号(hao)冠军(jun)将(jiang)军(jun),固(gu)让不受。
初,桓玄将应王(wang)(wang)(wang)恭(gong),乃说仲(zhong)堪(kan)(kan),推恭(gong)为盟主,共兴(xing)晋阳之举,立桓文之功,仲(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)然之。仲(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)以王(wang)(wang)(wang)恭(gong)在京口,去都不盈二百,自荆州(zhou)道(dao)远连兵(bing),势不相及,乃伪许恭(gong),而(er)实(shi)不欲下。闻(wen)恭(gong)已诛王(wang)(wang)(wang)国宝(bao)等,始抗表兴(xing)师,遣龙骧将军杨(yang)佺期次巴(ba)陵。会稽王(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)子遣书(shu)止(zhi)之,仲(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)乃还。
初,桓玄弃官归国,仲堪惮其才地,深相交(jiao)结(jie)。玄亦欲假其兵势,诱(you)而悦之(zhi)(zhi)。国宝(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)役(yi),仲堪既纳玄之(zhi)(zhi)诱(you),乃外结(jie)雍州刺史郗(xi)恢,内要从兄南蛮校(xiao)尉顗(yi)、南郡(jun)相江绩(ji)(ji)等(deng)。恢、顗(yi)、绩(ji)(ji)并不(bu)同之(zhi)(zhi),乃以杨佺期代绩(ji)(ji),顗(yi)自逊(xun)位。
会王(wang)(wang)恭复(fu)与(yu)豫州刺(ci)史庾(yu)楷举(ju)兵(bing)讨(tao)江州刺(ci)史王(wang)(wang)愉及谯王(wang)(wang)尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,仲(zhong)堪(kan)因集议,以(yi)为朝廷去年(nian)自戮(lu)国(guo)宝,王(wang)(wang)恭威(wei)名已(yi)震(zhen),今(jin)其重(zhong)举(ju),势无不克。而我去年(nian)缓师(shi),已(yi)失(shi)信(xin)于(yu)彼,今(jin)可整棹晨征,参其霸功。于(yu)是使佺期(qi)舟师(shi)五千为前锋,桓玄(xuan)(xuan)次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。仲(zhong)堪(kan)率兵(bing)二(er)万,相(xiang)继而下。佺期(qi)、玄(xuan)(xuan)至(zhi)湓口,王(wang)(wang)愉奔于(yu)临川,玄(xuan)(xuan)遣偏军(jun)(jun)追(zhui)获之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。佺期(qi)等进至(zhi)横(heng)江,庾(yu)楷败奔于(yu)玄(xuan)(xuan),谯王(wang)(wang)尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等退走(zou),尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟恢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所领水军(jun)(jun)皆没。玄(xuan)(xuan)等至(zhi)石头,仲(zhong)堪(kan)至(zhi)芜湖,忽闻王(wang)(wang)恭已(yi)死,刘牢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反恭,领北府兵(bing)在新亭,玄(xuan)(xuan)等三军(jun)(jun)失(shi)色,无复(fu)固志,乃回师(shi)屯于(yu)蔡洲(zhou)。
时朝(chao)(chao)廷新平恭(gong)、楷,且不测西方人心,仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)等(deng)(deng)拥(yong)众数万,充斥郊(jiao)畿,内(nei)外(wai)忧逼(bi)。玄(xuan)从(cong)兄修告会稽王道(dao)子(zi)曰(yue):“西军(jun)(jun)(jun)可说而解也。修知其情矣。若(ruo)(ruo)许佺(quan)期(qi)(qi)以(yi)重利(li),无不倒戈于(yu)(yu)仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)者。”道(dao)子(zi)纳(na)之(zhi),乃以(yi)玄(xuan)为江(jiang)州,佺(quan)期(qi)(qi)为雍州,黜仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)为广州,以(yi)桓修为荆州,遣仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)叔父太常茂宣诏回军(jun)(jun)(jun)。仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)恚被(bei)贬退,以(yi)王恭(gong)虽(sui)败(bai),己众亦足以(yi)立(li)事(shi),令玄(xuan)等(deng)(deng)急(ji)进军(jun)(jun)(jun)。玄(xuan)等(deng)(deng)喜于(yu)(yu)宠授,并欲顺(shun)朝(chao)(chao)命,犹(you)豫未(wei)决。会仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)弟遹(yu)为佺(quan)期(qi)(qi)司马,夜奔仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan),说佺(quan)期(qi)(qi)受(shou)朝(chao)(chao)命,纳(na)桓修。仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)遑(huang)遽,即于(yu)(yu)芜湖南归(gui),使徇于(yu)(yu)玄(xuan)等(deng)(deng)军(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue):“若(ruo)(ruo)不各(ge)散而归(gui),大(da)军(jun)(jun)(jun)至江(jiang)陵,当(dang)悉戮余口。”仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)将(jiang)刘系先领二(er)千人隶于(yu)(yu)佺(quan)期(qi)(qi),辄率众而归(gui)。玄(xuan)等(deng)(deng)大(da)惧,狼狈追(zhui)仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan),至寻阳,及之(zhi)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)失职(zhi),倚(yi)玄(xuan)为援,玄(xuan)等(deng)(deng)又资(zi)仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)之(zhi)兵(bing),虽(sui)互相疑阻,亦不得异。仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)与佺(quan)期(qi)(qi)以(yi)子(zi)弟交质,遂于(yu)(yu)寻阳结盟(meng),玄(xuan)为盟(meng)主(zhu),临(lin)坛(tan)歃(sha)血,并不受(shou)诏,申(shen)理王恭(gong),求诛刘牢(lao)之(zhi)、谯王尚之(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。朝(chao)(chao)廷深惮之(zhi)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)诏仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)曰(yue):“间以(yi)以(yi)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)凭寄失所,朝(chao)(chao)野怀忧。然既(ji)往之(zhi)事(shi),宜其两忘,用乃班师回旆,祗(zhi)顺(shun)朝(chao)(chao)旨,所以(yi)改(gai)授方任,盖(gai)随时之(zhi)宜。将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)义,诚感朕心,今还复本位,即抚所镇,释(shi)甲休兵(bing),则内(nei)外(wai)宁一(yi),故遣太常茂具宣乃怀。”仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)等(deng)(deng)并奉诏,各(ge)旋所镇。
顷之(zhi)。桓玄(xuan)将(jiang)讨佺期,先告仲堪(kan)(kan)云:“今当人(ren)沔(mian)讨除佺期,已(yi)顿兵江(jiang)(jiang)口。若(ruo)见与无(wu)贰(er),可(ke)杀(sha)杨(yang)广(guang);若(ruo)其(qi)不(bu)然,便当率军入江(jiang)(jiang)。”仲堪(kan)(kan)乃(nai)执玄(xuan)兄伟,遣从弟遹等水军七千至江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)口。玄(xuan)使郭铨、苻宏击之(zhi),遹等败(bai)走。玄(xuan)顿巴(ba)陵(ling),而(er)馆其(qi)谷。玄(xuan)又(you)破杨(yang)广(guang)于夏口。仲堪(kan)(kan)既失巴(ba)陵(ling)之(zhi)积(ji),又(you)诸将(jiang)皆败(bai),江(jiang)(jiang)陵(ling)震骇。城内(nei)大饥,以(yi)胡(hu)麻为廪。仲堪(kan)(kan)急召(zhao)佺期。佺期率众赴(fu)之(zhi),直济江(jiang)(jiang)击玄(xuan),为玄(xuan)所(suo)败(bai),走还襄阳。仲堪(kan)(kan)出奔(ben)酂城,为玄(xuan)追兵所(suo)获,逼令自(zi)杀(sha),死于柞溪,弟子道获、参军罗企生等并被杀(sha)。仲堪(kan)(kan)少奉天师道,又(you)精(jing)心(xin)事神,不(bu)吝财贿,而(er)怠行(xing)仁义,啬(se)于周急,及玄(xuan)来(lai)攻,犹勤(qin)请祷。然善取人(ren)情,病(bing)者自(zi)为诊脉分药,而(er)用计倚(yi)伏烦密,少于鉴(jian)略,以(yi)至于败(bai)。
子简之,载(zai)丧(sang)下都,葬于丹徒(tu),遂居墓侧。义(yi)(yi)旗建,率私僮客随义(yi)(yi)军蹑(nie)桓玄。玄死(si),简之食其(qi)肉。桓振之役,义(yi)(yi)军失(shi)利,简之没阵。弟(di)旷之,有父风(feng),仕至剡(yan)令。
杨佺期(qi),弘农华阴(yin)人(ren),汉太(tai)尉震之(zhi)后也。曾祖准,太(tai)常。自(zi)震至准,七(qi)世(shi)有名德。祖林,少(shao)有才望,值乱没(mei)胡(hu)。父亮,少(shao)仕伪朝(chao),后归国(guo),终于梁州刺史(shi),以(yi)贞干知名。佺期(qi)沈勇果劲(jing),而(er)兄广及弟思平等皆强犷粗(cu)暴(bao)。自(zi)云门户承籍,江(jiang)表莫(mo)比,有以(yi)其门地比王(wang)珣者,犹恚恨,而(er)时人(ren)以(yi)其晚过江(jiang),婚宦失类,每排抑之(zhi),恆慷(kang)慨切齿,欲因事际以(yi)逞(cheng)其志。
佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)少仕军(jun)(jun)府。咸(xian)康中,领(ling)众(zhong)(zhong)屯成固。苻(fu)坚将潘猛(meng)距守(shou)康回垒,佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)击走(zou)之,其众(zhong)(zhong)悉降,拜(bai)广威(wei)将军(jun)(jun)、河南(nan)太守(shou),戍洛阳。苻(fu)坚将窦冲(chong)率众(zhong)(zhong)攻平(ping)阳太守(shou)张元熙于皇(huang)天坞,佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)击走(zou)之。佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)自湖城入潼关,累战皆捷,斩获千计,降九百余家,归(gui)于洛阳,进号龙骧将军(jun)(jun)。以病,改(gai)为新(xin)野太守(shou),领(ling)建威(wei)司(si)马。迁唐邑(yi)太守(shou),督石头军(jun)(jun)事,以疾(ji)去职。荆州刺史(shi)殷仲堪引为司(si)马,代(dai)江绩(ji)为南(nan)郡相。
仲(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)与(yu)恆玄举众应王恭(gong)、庾楷,仲(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)素无(wu)戎略,军旅之事(shi)一委(wei)佺期兄弟,以兵(bing)五千人为前(qian)锋,与(yu)桓玄相次而(er)下。至石头,恭(gong)死(si),楷败,朝(chao)廷未测玄军,乃以佺期代郗恢为都(dou)督梁(liang)雍秦(qin)三州诸军事(shi)、雍州刺史。仲(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)、玄皆有迁换(huan),于是(shi)俱(ju)还(hai)寻阳,结盟不奉诏。俄(e)而(er)朝(chao)廷复仲(zhong)堪(kan)(kan)本职,乃各还(hai)镇。
初,玄未奉诏,欲自(zi)为(wei)雍州(zhou),以郗恢(hui)为(wei)广州(zhou)。恢(hui)惧玄之来(lai),问于众(zhong),咸曰(yue):“佺(quan)期来(lai)者,谁不(bu)戮力!若桓玄来(lai),恐难与为(wei)敌。”既(ji)知佺(quan)期代己(ji),乃谋于南阳太(tai)守(shou)闾(lv)丘羡(xian),称兵距守(shou)。佺(quan)期虑事不(bu)济,乃声言玄来(lai)入沔,而佺(quan)期为(wei)前驱(qu)。恢(hui)众(zhong)信之,无复固志。恢(hui)军散请(qing)降,佺(quan)期入府斩闾(lv)丘羡(xian),放恢(hui)还都,抚将士,恤百(bai)姓,缮修城池,简练甲卒,甚(shen)得人情(qing)。
佺期(qi)(qi)、仲堪(kan)与桓玄素不穆,佺期(qi)(qi)屡欲相攻,仲堪(kan)每抑止之。玄以(yi)(yi)是(shi)告执政,求广其所(suo)统(tong)。朝廷亦欲成其衅隙(xi),故以(yi)(yi)桓伟为南蛮(man)校尉(wei)。佺期(qi)(qi)内怀忿惧,勒兵(bing)建牙,声(sheng)云援洛,欲与仲堪(kan)袭玄。仲堪(kan)虽外(wai)结佺期(qi)(qi),内疑(yi)其心,苦止之,又遣从弟遹(yu)屯北(bei)塞以(yi)(yi)驻之。佺期(qi)(qi)势不独举(ju),乃解兵(bing)。
隆安(an)三年,桓玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)遂举兵讨(tao)佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi),先攻仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)。初,仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)得玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)书,急召佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)。佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)曰:“江陵(ling)无(wu)食,当何(he)以待敌(di)?可(ke)来(lai)见就,共守襄阳。”仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)自以保境全军(jun)(jun)(jun),无(wu)缘弃城逆走,忧佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)不赴(fu),乃绐(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“比(bi)来(lai)收(shou)集(ji),已有储矣(yi)。”佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi),乃率(lv)众赴(fu)焉(yan)。步骑八千,精甲耀日(ri)。既至,仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)唯以饭饷其军(jun)(jun)(jun)。佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)大怒曰:“今兹败矣(yi)!”乃不见仲(zhong)(zhong)堪(kan)。时玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)在零口(kou),佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)与(yu)兄广击(ji)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)畏佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)锐(rui),乃渡军(jun)(jun)(jun)马头(tou)。明(ming)日(ri),佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)率(lv)殷(yin)道护等精锐(rui)万(wan)人乘舰(jian)出战,玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)距(ju)之(zhi)(zhi),不得进。佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)乃率(lv)其麾下(xia)数十舰(jian),直济江,径向玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)船。俄而回击(ji)郭铨(quan),殆(dai)获铨(quan),会玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)诸(zhu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)至,佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)退走,余众尽没(mei),单马奔襄阳。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)追(zhui)军(jun)(jun)(jun)至,佺(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)与(yu)兄广俱(ju)死之(zhi)(zhi),传(chuan)首京都(dou),枭于硃雀门。弟思平,从弟尚保、孜敬(jing),俱(ju)逃于蛮。刘裕起义,始归(gui)国,历位州郡。
孜(zi)敬为人剽(piao)锐,果于(yu)行事。昔与佺期(qi)劝殷(yin)仲(zhong)堪杀殷(yin)顗,仲(zhong)堪不从,孜(zi)敬拔刃而起,欲自己(ji)出(chu)取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),仲(zhong)堪苦禁乃止。及为梁州(zhou)刺(ci)史,常怏怏不满其志。经襄阳,见鲁(lu)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侍(shi)卫(wei)皆佺期(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧也(ye),孜(zi)敬愈愤,见于(yu)辞色(se)。宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)参军刘千期(qi)于(yu)座面折(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因大发怒,抽(chou)剑刺(ci)千期(qi)立死。宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表而斩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。思平、尚保后(hou)亦以罪诛,杨氏遂(sui)灭。
史臣曰:生灵道(dao)断,忠(zhong)贞路(lu)绝,弃彼弊冠,崇兹新履。牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)事非其主,抑亦(yi)不(bu)臣,功多见(jian)疑,势陵难信,而投兵(bing)散地,二三之(zhi)(zhi)甚。若夫司(si)牧居愆(qian),方隅作戾(li),口顺(shun)勤王,心(xin)乖(guai)抗节。王恭鲠言时政,有昔贤之(zhi)(zhi)风。国宝就诛,而晋(jin)阳(yang)犹起。是以(yi)仲堪侥幸,佺期无(wu)状,雅志多隙,佳兵(bing)不(bu)和(he),足(zu)(zu)以(yi)亡身,不(bu)足(zu)(zu)以(yi)静乱也。
赞曰:孝伯怀功,牢之(zhi)总戎(rong)。王(wang)因起衅,刘亦惭忠。殷杨(yang)乃武,抽旆(pei)争(zheng)雄。庾君含怨,交斗(dou)其中(zhong)。猗欤群采,道睽心异。是(shi)曰乱阶,非(fei)关臣(chen)事。
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