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晋书 列传第六十四在线阅读

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晋书(shu)--列传第六十(shi)四

隐逸


  ○孙登(deng) 董(dong)京 夏统(tong) 硃冲(chong) 范粲 鲁胜(sheng) 董(dong)养 霍原 郭(guo)琦 伍朝 鲁褒氾腾(teng) 任旭 郭(guo)文 龚壮(zhuang) 孟陋 韩(han)绩 谯(qiao)秀 翟汤 郭(guo)翻 辛谧 刘驎之 索袭 杨轲 公(gong)孙凤 公(gong)孙永 张忠 石(shi)垣 宋纤 郭(guo)荷 郭(guo)瑀 祈(qi)嘉 瞿硎(xing)先生谢(xie)敷 戴逵 龚玄(xuan)之 陶(tao)(tao)淡 陶(tao)(tao)潜

若(ruo)(ruo)夫穹昊垂景,少微(wei)以(yi)躔其(qi)(qi)次;《文》《系(xi)》探幽(you),贞(zhen)遁以(yi)成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)象(xiang)。故有避(bi)于(yu)(yu)言色,其(qi)(qi)道闻(wen)乎(hu)孔公;骄乎(hu)富贵,厥义详于(yu)(yu)孙(sun)子(zi)。是以(yi)处柔伊存(cun),有生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恆性;在(zai)盈斯害,惟神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常道。古先(xian)智士(shi)(shi)体其(qi)(qi)若(ruo)(ruo)兹,介焉超俗,浩然养(yang)素,藏声江海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),卷(juan)迹嚣氛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表,漱(shu)流而激(ji)其(qi)(qi)清,寝巢(chao)而韬其(qi)(qi)耀,良画(hua)以(yi)符其(qi)(qi)志(zhi),绝机以(yi)虚其(qi)(qi)心。玉辉冰洁,川渟岳(yue)峙,修至乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,固无疆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)休,长(zhang)往邈而不追(zhui),安排(pai)窅而无闷(men),修身自保(bao),悔吝弗生(sheng)(sheng),诗人《考(kao)槃》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌,抑在(zai)兹矣。至于(yu)(yu)体天作制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,讼息刑(xing)清之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,尚乃仄席幽(you)贞(zhen)以(yi)康神化,征聘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)贲(bi)于(yu)(yu)岩穴(xue),玉帛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贽(zhi)委于(yu)(yu)窒衡,故《月(yue)令(ling)》曰:“季春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)聘名士(shi)(shi),礼(li)贤者”,斯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓欤!

自(zi)典午(wu)运开,旁求(qiu)隐(yin)逸,谯元彦之(zhi)杜绝人事(shi),江思悛之(zhi)啸咏林薮(sou),峻其贞白之(zhi)轨,成其出尘(chen)之(zhi)迹,虽不(bu)应其嘉招,亦足激其贪竞(jing)。今(jin)美其高尚之(zhi)德,缀集于篇。

孙登(deng)(deng)(deng),字公(gong)和,汲郡(jun)共人(ren)也(ye)。无家属,于(yu)郡(jun)北山为(wei)土窟居之(zhi),夏则编(bian)草为(wei)裳,冬则被(bei)发自覆。好(hao)读《易》,抚一(yi)弦琴,见者皆亲(qin)乐之(zhi)。性无恚怒,人(ren)或投诸水中,欲(yu)观(guan)其怒,登(deng)(deng)(deng)既出(chu),便大笑。时时游人(ren)间(jian),所(suo)经家或设衣食(shi)者,一(yi)无所(suo)辞(ci),去(qu)皆舍弃。尝住(zhu)宜(yi)阳山,有(you)作(zuo)(zuo)炭人(ren)见之(zhi),知非常人(ren),与(yu)语,登(deng)(deng)(deng)亦(yi)不(bu)应(ying)。文(wen)帝闻之(zhi),使(shi)阮(ruan)籍往观(guan),既见,与(yu)语,亦(yi)不(bu)应(ying)。嵇康(kang)(kang)又(you)从之(zhi)游三年(nian),问其所(suo)图(tu),终不(bu)答,康(kang)(kang)每(mei)叹(tan)息。将(jiang)别,谓(wei)曰:“先生(sheng)竟无言乎(hu)?”登(deng)(deng)(deng)乃(nai)曰:“子(zi)(zi)识(shi)火(huo)乎(hu)?火(huo)生(sheng)而(er)有(you)光,而(er)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)其光,果(guo)在(zai)于(yu)用(yong)(yong)光。人(ren)生(sheng)而(er)有(you)才(cai)(cai),而(er)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)其才(cai)(cai),而(er)果(guo)在(zai)于(yu)用(yong)(yong)才(cai)(cai)。故用(yong)(yong)光在(zai)乎(hu)得薪(xin),所(suo)以(yi)保其耀;用(yong)(yong)才(cai)(cai)在(zai)乎(hu)识(shi)真(zhen),所(suo)以(yi)全其年(nian)。今子(zi)(zi)才(cai)(cai)多(duo)识(shi)寡,难乎(hu)免于(yu)今之(zhi)世矣!子(zi)(zi)无求乎(hu)?”康(kang)(kang)不(bu)能用(yong)(yong),果(guo)遭非命(ming),乃(nai)作(zuo)(zuo)《幽愤诗》曰:“昔惭柳(liu)下,今愧(kui)孙登(deng)(deng)(deng)。”或谓(wei)登(deng)(deng)(deng)以(yi)魏晋去(qu)就(jiu),易生(sheng)嫌疑,故或嘿者也(ye)。竟不(bu)知所(suo)终。

董京,字(zi)威辇,不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)何郡人(ren)(ren)(ren)也。初与陇西(xi)计吏俱(ju)(ju)至洛(luo)阳,被(bei)发(fa)而行,逍遥吟咏,常宿(su)白社中。时乞于(yu)市,得残碎缯絮,结(jie)以(yi)(yi)自覆,全帛佳绵则(ze)不(bu)(bu)肯受。或见推排骂辱,曾(ceng)无(wu)怒(nu)色。孙楚时为(wei)(wei)著作郎,数(shu)就社中与语(yu),遂载与俱(ju)(ju)归,京不(bu)(bu)肯坐(zuo)。楚乃贻之书,劝(quan)以(yi)(yi)今(jin)尧舜(shun)之世(shi)(shi),胡(hu)(hu)为(wei)(wei)怀道迷邦。京答(da)之以(yi)(yi)诗曰(yue):“周(zhou)道斁兮(xi)颂(song)声没,夏政衰(shuai)兮(xi)五常汨。便便君子,顾望而逝,洋洋乎(hu)满目,而作者七。岂不(bu)(bu)乐天地之化也?哀哉(zai)乎(hu)时之不(bu)(bu)可与,对之以(yi)(yi)独处。无(wu)娱我以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)欢,清流可饮,至道可餐(can),何为(wei)(wei)栖(qi)栖(qi),自使疲单(dan)?鱼悬兽槛,鄙(bi)夫知(zhi)(zhi)之。夫古之至人(ren)(ren)(ren),藏器于(yu)灵,缊袍不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)令暖,轩(xuan)冕不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)令荣;动如(ru)川(chuan)(chuan)之流,静如(ru)川(chuan)(chuan)之渟。鹦鹉能(neng)(neng)言(yan),泗滨浮磬,众人(ren)(ren)(ren)所玩(wan),岂合物情!玄鸟纡(yu)幕,而不(bu)(bu)被(bei)害?尺隼远(yuan)巢,咸以(yi)(yi)欲死。眄彼(bi)梁鱼,逡巡倒尾,沈吟不(bu)(bu)决,忽焉失水。嗟呼(hu)!鱼鸟相与,万世(shi)(shi)而不(bu)(bu)悟;以(yi)(yi)我观之,乃明(ming)其(qi)(qi)故。焉知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)有达人(ren)(ren)(ren),深穆其(qi)(qi)度,亦将窥我,颦而去(qu)。万物皆贱,惟人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)贵(gui),动以(yi)(yi)九州为(wei)(wei)狭,静以(yi)(yi)环(huan)堵为(wei)(wei)大。”后(hou)数(shu)年,遁(dun)去(qu),莫知(zhi)(zhi)所之,于(yu)其(qi)(qi)所寝处惟有一石竹(zhu)子及(ji)诗二篇(pian)。其(qi)(qi)一曰(yue):“乾道刚简,坤体敦密,茫(mang)茫(mang)太素(su),是则(ze)是述。末世(shi)(shi)流奔,以(yi)(yi)文代(dai)质,悠悠世(shi)(shi)目,孰知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)实(shi)!逝将去(qu)此至虚,归我自然之室。”又曰(yue):“孔子不(bu)(bu)遇,时彼(bi)感麟。麟乎(hu)麟!胡(hu)(hu)不(bu)(bu)遁(dun)世(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)存真?”

夏统(tong),字仲御,会稽(ji)永兴人也。幼孤贫(pin),养亲以孝闻(wen),睦于兄弟,每采梠求(qiu)食(shi),星行夜(ye)归,或(huo)至海边,拘螊越(yue)以资养。雅善谈论。宗(zong)族(zu)(zu)劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仕,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“卿(qing)清亮质直,可作郡纲纪(ji),与(yu)(yu)(yu)府(fu)朝接,自(zi)(zi)当(dang)显至,如(ru)何甘(gan)辛苦于山林,毕(bi)性(xing)命(ming)于海滨也!”统(tong)悖然作色曰:“诸君待我乃(nai)至此(ci)(ci)乎!使(shi)统(tong)属太平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,当(dang)与(yu)(yu)(yu)元凯评议出处,遇浊代(dai),念与(yu)(yu)(yu)屈(qu)生同污(wu)(wu)共(gong)泥;若污(wu)(wu)隆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),自(zi)(zi)当(dang)耦耕沮溺,岂(qi)有辱身曲意于郡府(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)乎!闻(wen)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谈,不觉(jue)寒毛尽戴,白汗四(si)匝,颜如(ru)渥丹,心(xin)热如(ru)炭,舌(she)缩(suo)口张,两耳壁(bi)塞(sai)也。”言(yan)者(zhe)大惭(can)。统(tong)自(zi)(zi)此(ci)(ci)遂不与(yu)(yu)(yu)宗(zong)族(zu)(zu)相见。

会母疾,统(tong)侍医药(yao),宗(zong)亲(qin)因得(de)见之(zhi)(zhi)。其从(cong)(cong)父(fu)敬宁祠(ci)先人,迎女(nv)(nv)巫(wu)章丹(dan)、陈珠二(er)人,并有国色(se),庄服甚丽,善歌儛,又能隐形匿影。甲夜(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)初,撞钟击鼓,间(jian)以丝竹,丹(dan)、珠乃拔刀(dao)破舌,吞刀(dao)吐火,云雾杳冥,流光电发。统(tong)诸从(cong)(cong)兄(xiong)弟欲往观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi),难统(tong),于是共绐之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“从(cong)(cong)父(fu)间(jian)疾病得(de)瘳(chou),大小以为(wei)喜庆,欲因其祭(ji)祀,并往贺之(zhi)(zhi),卿可俱行(xing)乎?”统(tong)从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。入(ru)门,忽见丹(dan)、珠在中庭,轻(qing)步佪舞,灵谈鬼笑,飞触挑柈,酬酢翩翻。统(tong)惊愕(e)而走,不由(you)门,破籓直出。归责(ze)诸人曰:“昔(xi)淫乱之(zhi)(zhi)俗兴(xing),卫(wei)文公为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)悲惋;蝀蝀之(zhi)(zhi)气见,君子尚不敢(gan)指;季桓纳(na)齐女(nv)(nv),仲尼载驰而退;子路见夏南,愤恚而忼忾(kai)。吾常恨不得(de)顿叔向之(zhi)(zhi)头,陷华父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)眼(yan)。奈何(he)诸君迎此妖物,夜(ye)与游戏,放傲(ao)逸之(zhi)(zhi)情,纵奢淫之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),乱男女(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)礼,破贞高之(zhi)(zhi)节(jie),何(he)也?”遂(sui)隐床上,被发而卧,不复言(yan)。众(zhong)亲(qin)踧,即退遣丹(dan)、珠,各各分散。

后其(qi)母病笃,乃诣(yi)洛(luo)市(shi)药。会(hui)三(san)月上巳,洛(luo)中(zhong)王(wang)公已下并至(zhi)浮桥,士女(nv)(nv)骈(pian)填,车服(fu)烛路。统时在(zai)船(chuan)中(zhong)曝(pu)所(suo)市(shi)药,诸(zhu)贵人(ren)车乘(cheng)来者如(ru)(ru)云(yun),统并不(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顾。太尉贾充(chong)(chong)怪而问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),统初不(bu)(bu)应,重问(wen),乃徐答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“会(hui)稽夏仲御也(ye)。”充(chong)(chong)使(shi)问(wen)其(qi)土(tu)(tu)地(di)风俗,统曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“其(qi)人(ren)循(xun)循(xun),犹有(you)大(da)禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗风,大(da)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义让,严遵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抗(kang)志(zhi),黄公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)节。”又(you)问(wen)“卿(qing)(qing)居海(hai)滨,颇能(neng)随水戏乎?”答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“可。”统乃操柂正橹,折(zhe)旋中(zhong)流,初作(zuo)鲻鸟跃,后作(zuo)鯆(fu)孚引,飞鹢首,掇兽尾,夺长(zhang)(zhang)梢而船(chuan)直逝(shi)者三(san)焉。于是(shi)(shi)风波振骇,云(yun)雾杳(yao)冥,俄而白鱼(yu)跳入船(chuan)者有(you)八(ba)九。观(guan)者皆悚遽,充(chong)(chong)心尤(you)异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃更(geng)就船(chuan)与语,其(qi)应如(ru)(ru)响,欲(yu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仕,即俯(fu)而不(bu)(bu)答(da)。充(chong)(chong)又(you)谓(wei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昔尧亦歌,舜(shun)亦歌,子(zi)与人(ren)歌而善,必反而后和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明先圣前哲无不(bu)(bu)尽歌。卿(qing)(qing)颇能(neng)作(zuo)卿(qing)(qing)土(tu)(tu)地(di)间(jian)曲乎?”统曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“先公惟(wei)寓稽山,朝(chao)会(hui)万国(guo),授化鄙邦,崩殂(cu)而葬。恩泽云(yun)布(bu),圣化犹存,百姓感咏,遂作(zuo)《慕歌》。又(you)孝(xiao)女(nv)(nv)曹娥,年甫十四,贞顺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)过越梁宋,其(qi)父堕(duo)江不(bu)(bu)得户,娥仰天(tian)(tian)哀号,中(zhong)流悲叹,便(bian)投水而死,父子(zi)丧(sang)尸,后乃俱出,国(guo)人(ren)哀其(qi)孝(xiao)义,为歌《河(he)女(nv)(nv)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)。伍子(zi)胥谏吴王(wang),言不(bu)(bu)纳(na)用,见戮投海(hai),国(guo)人(ren)痛其(qi)忠烈,为作(zuo)《小(xiao)(xiao)海(hai)唱(chang)》。今欲(yu)歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”众人(ren)佥曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“善。”统于是(shi)(shi)以(yi)足叩船(chuan),引声喉(hou)啭,清激(ji)慷慨,大(da)风应至(zhi),含水敕(chi)天(tian)(tian),云(yun)雨响集,叱(chi)咤(zha)欢呼,雷电(dian)昼(zhou)冥,集气长(zhang)(zhang)啸,沙尘烟起。王(wang)公已下皆恐(kong),止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃已。诸(zhu)人(ren)顾相谓(wei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“若不(bu)(bu)游洛(luo)水,安(an)见是(shi)(shi)人(ren)!听《慕歌》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声,便(bian)仿佛见大(da)禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)。闻《河(he)女(nv)(nv)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音(yin),不(bu)(bu)觉(jue)涕泪交流,即谓(wei)伯(bo)姬高(gao)行在(zai)目前也(ye)。聆《小(xiao)(xiao)海(hai)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)唱(chang),谓(wei)子(zi)胥、屈平立吾左右(you)矣。”充(chong)(chong)欲(yu)耀以(yi)文武卤簿,觊(ji)其(qi)来观(guan),因而谢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遂命建硃旗,举幡校,分羽(yu)骑为队,军(jun)伍肃然。须臾(yu),鼓吹乱作(zuo),胡(hu)葭(jia)长(zhang)(zhang)鸣,车乘(cheng)纷错,纵横驰道(dao),又(you)使(shi)妓女(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒服(fu)袿襡,炫金翠(cui),绕其(qi)船(chuan)三(san)匝(za)。统危坐如(ru)(ru)故(gu),若无所(suo)闻。充(chong)(chong)等(deng)各散曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“此吴兒是(shi)(shi)木人(ren)石心也(ye)。”统归会(hui)稽,竟不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)所(suo)终。

硃冲(chong)(chong)(chong),字巨容(rong),南安(an)人也。少有(you)至行,闲静寡欲,好学而贫,常(chang)以耕艺为事(shi)。邻人失犊(du),认(ren)冲(chong)(chong)(chong)犊(du)以归(gui),后得犊(du)于林下(xia),大惭,以犊(du)还冲(chong)(chong)(chong),冲(chong)(chong)(chong)竟不受。有(you)牛犯其禾稼,冲(chong)(chong)(chong)屡持刍送牛而无恨色。主愧之,乃不复为暴。咸宁四年,诏(zhao)补博(bo)士(shi),冲(chong)(chong)(chong)称疾不应。寻又(you)诏(zhao)曰(yue):“东宫官(guan)属亦宜得履蹈至行、敦悦典籍者,其以冲(chong)(chong)(chong)为太子(zi)右庶子(zi)。”冲(chong)(chong)(chong)每闻征(zheng)书至,辄(zhe)逃(tao)入深山(shan),时人以为梁管(guan)之流。冲(chong)(chong)(chong)居近夷俗(su),羌(qiang)戎奉之若(ruo)君,冲(chong)(chong)(chong)亦以礼让为训,邑里(li)化之,路不拾遗,村无凶人,毒虫猛(meng)兽皆(jie)不为害。卒以寿终。

范粲(can)(can),字(zi)承明,陈留外(wai)黄人,汉莱芜长丹(dan)之(zhi)孙也。粲(can)(can)高亮贞(zhen)正,有(you)丹(dan)风,而博(bo)涉强记,学(xue)皆可(ke)师,远近(jin)请益者(zhe)甚众,性不矜庄(zhuang),而见之(zhi)皆肃如也。魏时(shi)州(zhou)府交辟(pi)(pi),皆无所(suo)就。久之(zhi),乃应命为治中,转(zhuan)别驾(jia),辟(pi)(pi)太(tai)(tai)尉掾、尚(shang)书郎,出为征(zheng)西司马,所(suo)历(li)职皆有(you)声称。及宣帝(di)辅(fu)政,迁武威太(tai)(tai)守。到郡,选良吏,立学(xue)校,劝农桑。是(shi)时(shi)戎夷颇(po)侵疆场,粲(can)(can)明设(she)防备,敌不敢犯,西域流通,无烽(feng)燧(sui)之(zhi)警。又(you)(you)郡壤富实,珍玩充积,粲(can)(can)检(jian)制之(zhi),息其华侈。以母(mu)老罢(ba)官。郡既(ji)接近(jin)寇戎,粲(can)(can)又(you)(you)重镇(zhen)辄去(qu)职,朝廷尤之(zhi),左迁乐(le)涫令。

顷之,转太(tai)宰从事中郎(lang)。遭(zao)母忧,以至(zhi)孝称(cheng)。服阙,复(fu)为太(tai)宰中郎(lang)。齐王芳被废,迁于金墉城,粲(can)素服拜送,哀恸左右。时景帝辅政,召(zhao)群官会议,粲(can)又(you)不(bu)到(dao),朝廷以其时望(wang),优容之。粲(can)又(you)称(cheng)疾,阖门不(bu)出。于是特诏为侍中,持节使(shi)于雍(yong)州。粲(can)因阳狂不(bu)言,寝(qin)所乘(cheng)车,足不(bu)履地。子孙恆(heng)侍左右,至(zhi)有(you)婚(hun)宦大事,辄密谘焉。合者则色无变,不(bu)合则眠寝(qin)不(bu)安,妻(qi)子以此知(zhi)其旨。

武帝践阼,泰始中,粲同郡孙和时为(wei)太(tai)子中庶子,表荐粲,称(cheng)其操行高(gao)洁,久婴疾(ji)病,可使郡县舆致京(jing)师,加(jia)以(yi)(yi)圣恩,赐(ci)其医(yi)(yi)药,若遂(sui)瘳(chou)除,必(bi)有益于(yu)政。乃诏郡县给医(yi)(yi)药,又以(yi)(yi)二千石禄养病,岁(sui)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)常,加(jia)赐(ci)帛百匹。子乔以(yi)(yi)父疾(ji)笃,辞不敢受,诏不许。以(yi)(yi)太(tai)康(kang)六(liu)年卒,时年八十四,不言三十六(liu)载,终于(yu)所(suo)寝之(zhi)车(che)。长子乔。

乔(qiao)(qiao)字伯(bo)(bo)孙。年(nian)二岁时,祖(zu)(zu)馨临(lin)终,抚乔(qiao)(qiao)首曰(yue):“恨不(bu)见汝成(cheng)人!”因以所(suo)用砚(yan)与(yu)之(zhi)。至(zhi)五岁,祖(zu)(zu)母以告乔(qiao)(qiao),乔(qiao)(qiao)便执砚(yan)涕(ti)泣。九(jiu)岁请(qing)学,在同辈之(zhi)中,言(yan)无媟辞。弱冠,受业(ye)于乐安蒋国(guo)明(ming)。济阴刘公荣有知人之(zhi)鉴(jian),见乔(qiao)(qiao),深相器(qi)重。友人刘彦秋(qiu)夙(su)有声誉,尝谓人曰(yue):“范伯(bo)(bo)孙体应纯和,理思周密,吾(wu)每欲错其一事而(er)终不(bu)能。”光禄大夫李铨尝论杨(yang)雄才学优于刘向,乔(qiao)(qiao)以为向定(ding)一代之(zhi)书,正(zheng)群籍之(zhi)篇,使雄当之(zhi),故(gu)非所(suo)长,遂著《刘杨(yang)优劣论》,文(wen)多不(bu)载。

乔(qiao)(qiao)好学(xue)不倦。父粲阳狂不言(yan),乔(qiao)(qiao)与二(er)弟(di)并弃学(xue)业(ye),绝(jue)人(ren)事(shi),侍(shi)疾(ji)家庭,至粲没,足不出邑里。司隶(li)校尉刘毅尝抗论于朝廷(ting)曰:“使范武(wu)威疾(ji)若不笃,是(shi)为伯夷、叔(shu)齐(qi)复(fu)存(cun)于今(jin)。如其信(xin)笃,益是(shi)圣主所宜哀矜。其子(zi)久侍(shi)父疾(ji),名德著(zhu)茂,不加叙(xu)用,深(shen)为朝廷(ting)惜遗贤之(zhi)(zhi)讥也。”元康中,诏求(qiu)廉(lian)(lian)让(rang)冲退覆道寒(han)素者,不计(ji)资,以参选(xuan)叙(xu)。尚(shang)书郎王琨乃荐乔(qiao)(qiao)曰:“乔(qiao)(qiao)禀德真粹,立操(cao)高洁,儒学(xue)精深(shen),含章内奥(ao),安贫乐道,栖志穷巷,箪瓢(piao)咏业(ye),长而弥坚(jian),诚当(dang)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)寒(han)素,著(zhu)厉俗之(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)彦。”时张(zhang)华(hua)领司徒,天下所举凡十七(qi)人(ren),于乔(qiao)(qiao)特发优论。又(you)吏部郎郗(xi)隆亦思(si)求(qiu)海(hai)内幽遁之(zhi)(zhi)士,乔(qiao)(qiao)供养衡门,至于白(bai)首,于是(shi)除(chu)乐安令(ling)。辞疾(ji)不拜。乔(qiao)(qiao)凡一举孝廉(lian)(lian),八荐公府,再举清(qing)白(bai)异(yi)行(xing),又(you)举寒(han)素,一无所就。

初,乔邑(yi)人腊(la)夕盗斫其(qi)(qi)树(shu),人有(you)(you)告(gao)者(zhe),乔阳不闻,邑(yi)人愧而归之。乔往喻(yu)曰:“卿节日(ri)取柴,欲与父母相欢娱耳(er),何以愧为!”其(qi)(qi)通物善(shan)导,皆(jie)此类也(ye)。外黄令高頵叹曰:“诸(zhu)士大夫未有(you)(you)不及私(si)者(zhe),而范(fan)伯孙恂(xun)(xun)恂(xun)(xun)率道,名讳(hui)未尝经(jing)于(yu)官曹,士之贵异,于(yu)今而见。大道废而有(you)(you)仁义,信矣!”其(qi)(qi)行身不秽,为物所叹服如此。以元康八年(nian)卒(zu),年(nian)七(qi)十八。

鲁(lu)胜(sheng),字叔(shu)时,代郡人也。少(shao)有才操,为佐著(zhu)作郎(lang)(lang)。元康初(chu),迁建康令(ling)。到官,著(zhu)《正天(tian)论(lun)》云:“以冬至之(zhi)后立晷测影,准度(du)日月星。臣(chen)案日月裁径(jing)百里(li)(li),无千里(li)(li);星十里(li)(li),不百里(li)(li)。”遂(sui)表上求下群公卿士考论(lun)。“若臣(chen)言合理,当得改先(xian)代之(zhi)失,而正天(tian)地之(zhi)纪。如(ru)无据验,甘即(ji)刑(xing)戮,以彰虚妄(wang)之(zhi)罪。”事遂(sui)不报。尝岁日望气,知将来多故,便(bian)称疾去官。中书令(ling)张华遣子劝其更仕(shi),再征博(bo)士,举中书郎(lang)(lang),皆不就。

其著述为世(shi)所(suo)称,遭乱遗失(shi),惟注《墨辩》,存其叙曰(yue):

名(ming)(ming)者(zhe)所以(yi)(yi)别同异,明是非,道义之(zhi)门,政化之(zhi)准绳也。孔子(zi)曰:“必(bi)也正(zheng)(zheng)名(ming)(ming),名(ming)(ming)不正(zheng)(zheng)则事不成。”墨(mo)子(zi)著书,作(zuo)《辩经》以(yi)(yi)立名(ming)(ming)本,惠施、公孙龙祖(zu)述其学,以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)别名(ming)(ming)显于世(shi)。孟(meng)子(zi)非墨(mo)子(zi),其辩言正(zheng)(zheng)辞则与墨(mo)同。荀卿(qing)、庄周等皆(jie)非毁名(ming)(ming)家,而不能易其论也。

名(ming)必有(you)(you)(you)形,察(cha)形莫如(ru)别色,故(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)坚白(bai)之(zhi)辩(bian)。名(ming)必有(you)(you)(you)分明,分明莫如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)无(wu),故(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)无(wu)序之(zhi)辩(bian)。是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)不是(shi),可(ke)有(you)(you)(you)不可(ke),是(shi)名(ming)两可(ke)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)异,异而(er)有(you)(you)(you)同(tong)(tong)(tong),是(shi)之(zhi)谓辩(bian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)异。至同(tong)(tong)(tong)无(wu)不同(tong)(tong)(tong),至异无(wu)不异,是(shi)谓辩(bian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)辩(bian)异。同(tong)(tong)(tong)异生是(shi)非,是(shi)非生吉凶,取辩(bian)于一物(wu)而(er)原极天下(xia)之(zhi)污隆,名(ming)之(zhi)至也。

自邓析(xi)至秦(qin)时(shi)名家者(zhe),世有(you)篇(pian)籍,率颇(po)难知,后学(xue)莫复传(chuan)习,于今(jin)五百余岁,遂(sui)亡绝,《墨辩(bian)》有(you)上下(xia)《经(jing)》,《经(jing)》各(ge)有(you)《说(shuo)(shuo)》,凡四篇(pian),与其书(shu)众篇(pian)连第(di),故独存(cun)。今(jin)引说(shuo)(shuo)就经(jing),各(ge)附其章(zhang),疑者(zhe)阙(que)之(zhi)。又采诸众杂集(ji)为《刑(xing)》《名》二(er)篇(pian),略解指归(gui),以俟君子。其或兴(xing)微继绝者(zhe),亦有(you)乐乎此也!

董养(yang),字仲道,陈留浚仪(yi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。泰始初,到(dao)洛下,不(bu)干(gan)禄求(qiu)荣。及杨后(hou)废,养(yang)因游太学,升堂(tang)叹(tan)曰(yue):“建斯堂(tang)也(ye),将(jiang)何(he)为乎?每览(lan)国(guo)家(jia)赦(she)书,谋(mou)反(fan)大(da)逆皆赦(she),至于杀(sha)祖父母(mu)、父母(mu)不(bu)赦(she)者,以(yi)为王(wang)法所(suo)不(bu)容也(ye)。奈何(he)公卿处议,文饰礼典,以(yi)至此(ci)(ci)乎!天(tian)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)理既灭,大(da)乱作矣。”因著《无化论》以(yi)非(fei)之(zhi)。永嘉中,洛城(cheng)东北步广里中地陷,有(you)二鹅(e)(e)出(chu)焉(yan),其苍(cang)者飞去(qu),白(bai)者不(bu)能(neng)飞。养(yang)闻叹(tan)曰(yue):“昔周时所(suo)盟会(hui)狄泉,即此(ci)(ci)地也(ye)。今有(you)二鹅(e)(e),苍(cang)者胡象(xiang),白(bai)者国(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)象(xiang),其可(ke)尽言乎!顾(gu)谓谢鲲、阮孚曰(yue):“《易》称知(zhi)机其神乎,君(jun)等可(ke)深藏(zang)矣。”乃与(yu)妻荷担入蜀,莫知(zhi)所(suo)终。

霍原(yuan),字休(xiu)明(ming),燕国广阳人(ren)也。少(shao)有志力,叔父坐(zuo)法当死,原(yuan)入(ru)狱讼之(zhi)(zhi),楚毒备(bei)加(jia),终(zhong)免叔父。年(nian)(nian)十八,观太学行(xing)礼,因留习之(zhi)(zhi)。贵游(you)子(zi)弟(di)闻(wen)而重之(zhi)(zhi),欲与相见,以(yi)其(qi)(qi)名微(wei),不(bu)(bu)欲昼往(wang),乃夜(ye)共造焉。父友同郡(jun)刘岱将举之(zhi)(zhi),未果而病笃,临终(zhong),敕其(qi)(qi)子(zi)沈曰(yue):“霍原(yuan)慕道清虚,方成奇器,汝后必荐(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)。”后归乡里。高阳许猛素服其(qi)(qi)名,会为(wei)幽州刺史(shi),将诣之(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)簿(bu)当车谏不(bu)(bu)可(ke)出界,猛叹(tan)恨而止。原(yuan)山居积年(nian)(nian),门徒百数,燕王月致羊酒。及刘沈为(wei)国大中(zhong)正(zheng),元康中(zhong),进原(yuan)为(wei)二品,司徒不(bu)(bu)过,沈乃上表理之(zhi)(zhi)。诏下司徒参论,中(zhong)书监张华令陈准奏为(wei)上品,诏可(ke)。元康末,原(yuan)与王褒等俱(ju)以(yi)贤良(liang)征,累下州郡(jun),以(yi)礼发遣,皆不(bu)(bu)到。后王浚(jun)称制谋(mou)僭,使(shi)人(ren)问之(zhi)(zhi),原(yuan)不(bu)(bu)答,浚(jun)心衔之(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)有辽东囚徒三(san)百余人(ren),依山为(wei)贼,意欲劫(jie)原(yuan)为(wei)主(zhu)事,亦未行(xing)。时(shi)有谣曰(yue):“天子(zi)在何许?近(jin)在豆田中(zhong)。”浚(jun)以(yi)豆为(wei)霍,收原(yuan)斩之(zhi)(zhi),悬其(qi)(qi)首(shou)。诸(zhu)生悲哭,夜(ye)窃(qie)尸共埋(mai)殡之(zhi)(zhi)。远(yuan)近(jin)骇愕,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)冤痛之(zhi)(zhi)。

郭琦(qi)(qi)(qi),字(zi)公伟,太原(yuan)晋阳(yang)人(ren)也。少方(fang)直,有雅量,博学,善(shan)五行,作《天文志》、《五行传》,注《谷梁》、《京氏易》百卷(juan)。乡人(ren)王游等(deng)皆(jie)就琦(qi)(qi)(qi)学。武帝欲以琦(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)佐著作郎,问琦(qi)(qi)(qi)族人(ren)尚书郭彰。彰素疾(ji)琦(qi)(qi)(qi),答云:“不(bu)识”。帝曰:“若如卿(qing)言,乌(wu)丸家(jia)兒能事卿(qing),即堪(kan)为(wei)郎矣。”遂决意用(yong)(yong)之。及赵王伦篡位,又(you)欲用(yong)(yong)琦(qi)(qi)(qi),琦(qi)(qi)(qi)曰:“我已(yi)为(wei)武帝吏,不(bu)容复为(wei)今世吏。”终身处(chu)于家(jia)。

伍朝(chao),字世明,武陵汉(han)寿人也。少有雅操(cao),闲居乐道,不(bu)(bu)修世事。性好学,以(yi)(yi)博士征,不(bu)(bu)就。刺史(shi)刘弘荐(jian)朝(chao)为(wei)零(ling)陵太守,主者以(yi)(yi)非选例,不(bu)(bu)听。尚书(shu)郎胡济奏曰:“臣以(yi)(yi)为(wei)当今资(zi)丧乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)余运,承百王之(zhi)(zhi)遗弊,进(jin)趋者乘(cheng)国故(gu)以(yi)(yi)侥幸,守道者怀(huai)蕴椟以(yi)(yi)终身,故(gu)令敦褒之(zhi)(zhi)化亏(kui),退让之(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)薄。案朝(chao)游心(xin)物外,不(bu)(bu)屑时(shi)务,守静(jing)衡门(men),志道日(ri)新,年过耳顺(shun)而(er)所尚无亏(kui),诚(cheng)江(jiang)南之(zhi)(zhi)奇才,丘园(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)逸老也。不(bu)(bu)加饰进(jin),何以(yi)(yi)劝善!且白衣(yi)为(wei)郡,前汉(han)有旧,宜听光(guang)显,以(yi)(yi)奖风(feng)尚。”奏可(ke),而(er)朝(chao)不(bu)(bu)就,终于家。

鲁褒(bao),字(zi)元道,南阳人也。好学(xue)多闻,以(yi)贫素自(zi)立。元康之(zhi)后,纲纪(ji)大(da)坏,褒(bao)伤时(shi)之(zhi)贪鄙,乃隐姓名,而著《钱神论》以(yi)刺之(zhi)。其略(lve)曰:

钱之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)体,有(you)乾坤之(zhi)(zhi)象,内则(ze)其方,外则(ze)其圆(yuan)。其积(ji)如山,其流如川。动静有(you)时,行藏有(you)节,市井(jing)便易,不(bu)患耗折(zhe)。难折(zhe)象寿,不(bu)匮象道,故能长(zhang)久,为(wei)(wei)世神(shen)宝。亲之(zhi)(zhi)如兄,字(zi)曰(yue)孔(kong)方,失之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)贫弱,得之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)富昌(chang)。无翼而(er)飞,无足(zu)(zu)而(er)走,解严毅(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)颜,开难发之(zhi)(zhi)口。钱多者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)处前(qian),钱少者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)居后(hou)(hou)。处前(qian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)君长(zhang),在后(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)臣(chen)仆(pu)。君长(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)丰衍而(er)有(you)余,臣(chen)仆(pu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)穷竭而(er)不(bu)足(zu)(zu)。《诗》云:“哿矣富人,哀此茕(qiong)独。”

钱(qian)之为言(yan)泉也(ye),无远(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)往,无幽(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)至(zhi)。京邑衣冠,疲(pi)劳讲肄(yi),厌(yan)闻清(qing)谈,对之睡寐,见我(wo)家兄(xiong),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)惊视。钱(qian)之所祐,吉无不(bu)(bu)(bu)利,何(he)必读(du)书,然(ran)后富贵!昔吕公欣悦于空版(ban),汉祖(zu)克(ke)之于赢二,文(wen)君解(jie)布(bu)裳而(er)被锦绣,相如(ru)乘高盖而(er)解(jie)犊(du)鼻(bi),官(guan)尊名显,皆(jie)钱(qian)所致。空版(ban)至(zhi)虚(xu),而(er)况有(you)实;赢二虽少,以致亲(qin)密(mi)。由(you)此论之,谓为神物。无德而(er)尊,无势而(er)热,排(pai)金门(men)而(er)入紫闼(ta)。危(wei)可(ke)(ke)使(shi)安,死可(ke)(ke)使(shi)活(huo),贵可(ke)(ke)使(shi)贱,生可(ke)(ke)使(shi)杀。是故忿争非钱(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜,幽(you)滞非钱(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)拔,怨仇非钱(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)解(jie),令问非钱(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)发。

洛(luo)中(zhong)硃(zhu)衣,当途之(zhi)士(shi),爱(ai)我(wo)(wo)家(jia)兄,皆我(wo)(wo)已已。执我(wo)(wo)之(zhi)手,抱我(wo)(wo)终始(shi),不计优劣,不论年纪,宾客辐辏,门常如(ru)市。谚(yan)曰:“钱(qian)(qian)无耳,可使(shi)鬼。”凡今之(zhi)人,惟钱(qian)(qian)而已。故曰军无财,士(shi)不来(lai);军无赏,士(shi)不往(wang)。仕(shi)无中(zhong)人,不如(ru)归田。虽有中(zhong)人,而无家(jia)兄,不异(yi)无翼而欲(yu)飞,无足(zu)而欲(yu)行(xing)。

盖疾时者共传(chuan)其文。褒不(bu)仕,莫知(zhi)其所(suo)终。

氾腾(teng),字无忌,敦煌(huang)人也。举孝廉(lian),除郎中。属天(tian)下兵乱,去官还家(jia)。太守张(zhang)閟造之(zhi),闭门不(bu)见,礼遗一无所(suo)受。叹曰:“生于(yu)乱世,贵(gui)而(er)能贫(pin),乃(nai)可以免。”散家(jia)财五十万,以施宗(zong)族,柴门灌园,琴书自适。张(zhang)轨征之(zhi)为府司马,腾(teng)曰:“门一杜(du),其可开乎!”固辞。病两月余而(er)卒(zu)。

任旭(xu)(xu),字(zi)次龙,临海章安人也(ye)。父访,吴南海太守(shou)(shou)。旭(xu)(xu)幼孤弱,兒童时勤于学。及长(zhang),立操清(qing)(qing)修,不(bu)染流俗,乡曲(qu)推(tui)而爱之(zhi)。郡将蒋秀(xiu)嘉其(qi)名(ming),请为功曹。秀(xiu)居官贪(tan)秽,每不(bu)奉(feng)法,旭(xu)(xu)正色苦谏。秀(xiu)既不(bu)纳,旭(xu)(xu)谢去(qu),闭(bi)门(men)讲(jiang)习(xi),养志而已。久(jiu)之(zhi),秀(xiu)坐事被收,旭(xu)(xu)狼狈营(ying)送,秀(xiu)慨然叹曰:“任功曹真人也(ye)。吾违其(qi)谠言,以至于此,复何(he)言哉(zai)!”寻察(cha)孝(xiao)廉(lian),除郎中(zhong),州郡仍举(ju)为郡中(zhong)正,固辞(ci)归家。永康初,惠帝博(bo)求清(qing)(qing)节俊(jun)异(yi)之(zhi)士,太守(shou)(shou)仇馥荐旭(xu)(xu)清(qing)(qing)贞洁素,学识通博(bo),诏下(xia)州郡以礼发遣。旭(xu)(xu)以朝廷多故(gu),志尚(shang)隐遁,辞(ci)疾不(bu)行。寻天下(xia)大(da)乱,陈敏作逆,江东名(ming)豪(hao)并见(jian)羁絷,惟旭(xu)(xu)与贺循守(shou)(shou)死不(bu)回。敏卒不(bu)能屈。

元帝(di)(di)初镇江东(dong),闻其名,召(zhao)为(wei)参军(jun),手书(shu)与(yu)旭,欲使必到,旭固辞以(yi)疾(ji)。后帝(di)(di)进位镇东(dong)大将军(jun),复召(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi);及为(wei)左丞相(xiang),辟(pi)为(wei)祭酒,并不就(jiu)。中兴建(jian),公车征,会(hui)遭(zao)母忧。于时司空王导(dao)启立学校,选天下明(ming)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)士,旭与(yu)会(hui)稽虞喜(xi)俱以(yi)隐(yin)学被召(zhao)。事(shi)(shi)未行,会(hui)有(you)王敦(dun)之(zhi)(zhi)难,寻而帝(di)(di)崩,事(shi)(shi)遂寝。明(ming)帝(di)(di)即位,又征拜(bai)给(ji)事(shi)(shi)中,旭称(cheng)疾(ji)笃,经(jing)年不到,尚书(shu)以(yi)稽留(liu)除名,仆射荀(xun)崧议(yi)以(yi)为(wei)不可。太(tai)宁末,明(ming)帝(di)(di)复下诏备礼征旭,始(shi)下而帝(di)(di)崩。咸和二年卒,太(tai)守冯怀上疏谓宜赠(zeng)九列值苏峻作乱(luan),事(shi)(shi)竟不行。

子琚,位至大宗(zong)正(zheng),终于家。

郭文(wen)(wen)(wen),字文(wen)(wen)(wen)举,河内轵人(ren)也。少爱(ai)山(shan)水,尚嘉(jia)遁(dun)。年(nian)三十(shi),每(mei)游山(shan)林,弥旬忘反。父母终(zhong),服(fu)毕,不(bu)(bu)(bu)娶,辞家游名山(shan),历华阴之(zhi)崖(ya),以(yi)(yi)观石(shi)室(shi)之(zhi)石(shi)函。洛阳(yang)陷,乃步担(dan)入吴兴(xing)余(yu)(yu)杭(hang)大(da)辟山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)穷谷(gu)无(wu)(wu)人(ren)之(zhi)地(di),倚(yi)木(mu)于树,苫覆其(qi)上而(er)(er)居(ju)焉,亦无(wu)(wu)壁障(zhang)。时猛(meng)(meng)兽为(wei)暴(bao),入屋(wu)害人(ren),而(er)(er)文(wen)(wen)(wen)独(du)宿十(shi)余(yu)(yu)年(nian),卒无(wu)(wu)患害。恆著鹿裘葛(ge)(ge)巾,不(bu)(bu)(bu)饮酒(jiu)食肉,区种菽(shu)麦,采竹叶木(mu)实,贸(mao)盐(yan)以(yi)(yi)自供。人(ren)或酬下价者,亦即与之(zhi)。后人(ren)识文(wen)(wen)(wen),不(bu)(bu)(bu)复贱酬。食有余(yu)(yu)谷(gu),辄恤穷匮。人(ren)有臻遗(yi),取其(qi)粗者,示(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)逆而(er)(er)已。有猛(meng)(meng)兽杀大(da)麀鹿于庵侧,文(wen)(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)语人(ren),人(ren)取卖之(zhi),分钱(qian)与文(wen)(wen)(wen)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰:“我(wo)若(ruo)须(xu)(xu)此,自当卖之(zhi)。所以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)语,正以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)须(xu)(xu)故(gu)也。”闻者皆嗟叹之(zhi)。尝(chang)有猛(meng)(meng)兽忽张口(kou)向文(wen)(wen)(wen),文(wen)(wen)(wen)视其(qi)口(kou)中(zhong)(zhong)有横骨,乃以(yi)(yi)手探去之(zhi),猛(meng)(meng)兽明旦致一(yi)鹿于其(qi)室(shi)前(qian)。猎(lie)者时往寄宿,文(wen)(wen)(wen)夜为(wei)担(dan)水而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)倦色。余(yu)(yu)杭(hang)令顾飏(yang)与葛(ge)(ge)洪(hong)共造之(zhi),而(er)(er)携与俱归。飏(yang)以(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)山(shan)行或须(xu)(xu)皮衣(yi),赠以(yi)(yi)韦袴(ku)褶一(yi)具,文(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)纳,辞归山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)。飏(yang)追(zhui)遣使者置衣(yi)室(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)去,文(wen)(wen)(wen)亦无(wu)(wu)言,韦衣(yi)乃至(zhi)烂于户内,竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)用。

王导(dao)(dao)闻其名,遣人(ren)(ren)迎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)肯就船车,荷担徒行(xing)。既至(zhi),导(dao)(dao)置(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西园,园中(zhong)果木成林(lin),又(you)有(you)鸟兽麋鹿,因(yin)以(yi)居文(wen)(wen)(wen)焉(yan)。于(yu)是朝(chao)士咸(xian)共观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)颓然踑踞,傍若无(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)。温峤(jiao)尝(chang)(chang)问(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue):“人(ren)(ren)皆(jie)有(you)六亲相娱,先生(sheng)弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)乐?”文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue):“本行(xing)学道,不(bu)(bu)谓遭世乱,欲归(gui)无(wu)(wu)路,是以(yi)来(lai)也。”又(you)问(wen)曰(yue):“饥而思食(shi),壮而思室(shi),自然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,先生(sheng)安(an)独无(wu)(wu)情乎?”文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue):“情由忆生(sheng),不(bu)(bu)忆故无(wu)(wu)情。”又(you)问(wen)曰(yue):“先生(sheng)独处穷(qiong)山,若疾(ji)病遭命,则为(wei)乌鸟所食(shi),顾不(bu)(bu)酷(ku)乎?”文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue):“藏埋者亦为(wei)蝼(lou)蚁所食(shi),复何(he)异(yi)乎!”又(you)问(wen)曰(yue):“猛兽害人(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所畏,而先生(sheng)独不(bu)(bu)畏邪?”文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue):“人(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)害兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,则兽亦不(bu)(bu)害人(ren)(ren)。”又(you)问(wen)曰(yue):“苟世不(bu)(bu)宁,身(shen)不(bu)(bu)得安(an)。今将用先生(sheng)以(yi)济(ji)时(shi),若何(he)?”文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue):“山草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),安(an)能佐世!”导(dao)(dao)尝(chang)(chang)众客共集,丝竹并奏,试使呼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)瞪眸(mou)不(bu)(bu)转(zhuan),跨蹑华堂如行(xing)林(lin)野(ye)。于(yu)时(shi)坐者咸(xian)有(you)钩深(shen)味远之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,文(wen)(wen)(wen)常称不(bu)(bu)达来(lai)语。天机铿宏(hong),莫有(you)窥其门者。温峤(jiao)尝(chang)(chang)称曰(yue):“文(wen)(wen)(wen)有(you)贤人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,而无(wu)(wu)贤人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才,柳下、梁踦(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亚乎!”永昌(chang)中(zhong),大疫,文(wen)(wen)(wen)病亦殆。王导(dao)(dao)遗药,文(wen)(wen)(wen)曰(yue):“命在天,不(bu)(bu)在药也。夭寿长(zhang)短,时(shi)也。”

居导(dao)园七年(nian),未尝出(chu)入(ru)。一(yi)旦忽求还山,导(dao)不(bu)(bu)听(ting)。后逃归(gui)临(lin)安,结庐舍于山中。临(lin)安令(ling)万(wan)宠(chong)(chong)迎(ying)置(zhi)县中。及苏峻反,破余(yu)杭,而临(lin)安独全(quan),人皆异之(zhi),以(yi)为(wei)知机。自后不(bu)(bu)复语,但举手指(zhi)麾,以(yi)宣其(qi)意。病(bing)甚,求还山,欲枕石安尸,不(bu)(bu)令(ling)人殡葬(zang)(zang),宠(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)听(ting)。不(bu)(bu)食二十余(yu)日(ri),亦不(bu)(bu)瘦。宠(chong)(chong)问曰:“先(xian)生复可得几日(ri)?”文三举手,果以(yi)十五日(ri)终(zhong)。宠(chong)(chong)葬(zang)(zang)之(zhi)于所居之(zhi)处而祭哭(ku)之(zhi),葛洪(hong)、庾阐(chan)并为(wei)作传,赞颂其(qi)美云。

龚壮(zhuang)(zhuang),字(zi)子(zi)(zi)玮,巴西人(ren)也(ye)。洁己自(zi)守,与乡(xiang)人(ren)谯(qiao)秀齐(qi)名。父叔(shu)为(wei)李(li)特所害,壮(zhuang)(zhuang)积年不除丧,力弱不能复(fu)仇(chou)。及李(li)寿(shou)(shou)戍(shu)汉中,与李(li)期(qi)有(you)嫌,期(qi),特孙也(ye),壮(zhuang)(zhuang)欲假寿(shou)(shou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报,乃(nai)说(shuo)寿(shou)(shou)曰:“节下若能并有(you)西土,称(cheng)籓于晋,人(ren)必乐(le)从。且舍小就大,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)危易安,莫大之(zhi)策也(ye)。”寿(shou)(shou)然之(zhi),遂率众讨期(qi),果克之(zhi)。寿(shou)(shou)犹袭伪号,欲官之(zhi),壮(zhuang)(zhuang)誓(shi)不仕,赂遗(yi)一无所取。会天久(jiu)雨,百姓饥垫(dian),壮(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)书(shu)说(shuo)寿(shou)(shou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)归顺,允天心,应(ying)人(ren)望,永为(wei)国籓,福流子(zi)(zi)孙。寿(shou)(shou)省书(shu)内愧,秘(mi)而不宣。乃(nai)遣使入胡,壮(zhuang)(zhuang)又谏(jian)之(zhi),寿(shou)(shou)又不纳。壮(zhuang)(zhuang)谓百行之(zhi)本莫大忠(zhong)孝,即假寿(shou)(shou)杀期(qi),私仇(chou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雪,又欲使其归朝(chao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)臣节。寿(shou)(shou)既(ji)不从,壮(zhuang)(zhuang)遂称(cheng)聋,又云手不制物,终身不复(fu)至(zhi)成都,惟研考经(jing)典(dian),谭思文章,至(zhi)李(li)势时卒。

初,壮每叹中夏多经学(xue)(xue),而巴蜀鄙陋(lou),兼遭李氏(shi)之难,无复学(xue)(xue)徒(tu),乃著《迈(mai)德(de)论》,文(wen)多不载。

孟陋(lou)(lou),字少孤(gu)(gu),武昌人(ren)也(ye)。吴司空(kong)宗之(zhi)曾孙(sun)也(ye)。兄嘉,桓温征西长史。陋(lou)(lou)少而贞立,清操(cao)绝伦,布衣蔬(shu)食(shi),以(yi)文籍自娱(yu)。口不(bu)(bu)及世事,未曾交游(you),时或(huo)弋钓,孤(gu)(gu)兴(xing)独往,虽家(jia)人(ren)亦不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)其(qi)所之(zhi)也(ye)。丧(sang)母(mu),毁瘠殆于灭性,不(bu)(bu)饮(yin)酒食(shi)肉十有余年。亲族迭谓之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“少孤(gu)(gu)!谁无(wu)父母(mu)?谁有父母(mu)!圣人(ren)制礼,令贤者俯(fu)就(jiu),不(bu)(bu)肖企(qi)及。若使毁性无(wu)嗣,更为(wei)不(bu)(bu)孝也(ye)。陋(lou)(lou)感此(ci)言,然(ran)后从吉。由是名著海内。简(jian)文帝(di)辅(fu)政,命为(wei)参军,称疾(ji)不(bu)(bu)起(qi)。桓温躬(gong)往造焉。或(huo)谓温曰(yue)(yue):“孟陋(lou)(lou)高行,学为(wei)儒宗,宜(yi)引在府(fu),以(yi)和鼎味。”温叹曰(yue)(yue):“会稽(ji)王(wang)(wang)尚不(bu)(bu)能屈,非敢(gan)拟议也(ye)。”陋(lou)(lou)闻(wen)之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“桓公正当以(yi)我不(bu)(bu)往故耳(er)。亿兆之(zhi)人(ren),无(wu)官(guan)者十居其(qi)九,岂皆(jie)高士哉(zai)!我疾(ji)病(bing)不(bu)(bu)堪恭相王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)命,非敢(gan)为(wei)高也(ye)。”由是名称益重。博学多通,长于《三礼》。注《论语》,行于世。卒以(yi)寿终。

韩(han)绩,字(zi)兴齐(qi),广陵(ling)人也。其先避乱,居于吴(wu)之嘉兴。父建,仕吴(wu)至大鸿胪。绩少好(hao)文学,以(yi)潜(qian)退为操(cao),布衣蔬食(shi),不(bu)(bu)交当世(shi),由是东土并宗敬焉。司徒王导闻其名,辟以(yi)为掾,不(bu)(bu)就。咸(xian)康(kang)末,会(hui)稽(ji)内(nei)史孔(kong)愉(yu)上疏荐之,诏以(yi)安车束(shu)帛征之。尚书令诸(zhu)葛恢奏(zou)绩名望犹轻(qing),未宜备(bei)礼(li),于是召拜博士。称老病不(bu)(bu)起,卒于家(jia)。

于时高密刘鲕字长鱼、城(cheng)阳(yang)邴郁(yu)(yu)(yu)字弘文,并(bing)有(you)高名(ming)。鲕幼不(bu)慕俗,长而希古,笃学厉(li)行,化流邦(bang)邑。郁(yu)(yu)(yu),魏征(zheng)士(shi)原(yuan)之(zhi)曾孙(sun),少有(you)原(yuan)风(feng),敕身(shen)谨洁(jie),口不(bu)妄说,耳不(bu)妄听,端拱(gong)恂(xun)恂(xun),举动有(you)礼。咸康中,成(cheng)帝博求异(yi)行之(zhi)士(shi),鲕、郁(yu)(yu)(yu)并(bing)被公卿(qing)荐(jian)举,于是依绩及翟汤等例,以博士(shi)征(zheng)之(zhi)。郁(yu)(yu)(yu)辞(ci)以疾,鲕随使者(zhe)到京(jing)师,自(zi)陈年老(lao),不(bu)拜。各以寿(shou)终(zhong)。

谯(qiao)秀(xiu),字元(yuan)彦,巴西人(ren)也。祖(zu)周(zhou),以儒(ru)学著称,显(xian)明蜀(shu)朝(chao)。秀(xiu)少而静默,不交于世,知天下将乱(luan),预绝(jue)人(ren)事,虽内外宗亲,不与相见。郡察孝廉,州举秀(xiu)才,皆不就。及李雄(xiong)据蜀(shu),略有(you)巴西,雄(xiong)叔父(fu)骧(xiang)、骧(xiang)子寿皆慕秀(xiu)名,具束帛(bo)安车征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi),皆不应。常冠(guan)皮弁,弊衣,躬耕山薮。龚壮常叹服焉。桓温灭(mie)蜀(shu),上(shang)疏荐之(zhi)(zhi),朝(chao)廷(ting)以秀(xiu)年在笃老,兼道远,故不征(zheng),遣使敕所在四时(shi)存问。寻而范贲(bi)、萧(xiao)敬(jing)相继(ji)作乱(luan),秀(xiu)避难宕渠,乡里宗族依凭之(zhi)(zhi)者以百(bai)数(shu)。秀(xiu)年出八十(shi),众人(ren)欲(yu)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)负(fu)担(dan),秀(xiu)曰:“各有(you)老弱,当先(xian)营护(hu)。吾气(qi)力(li)犹足自(zi)堪(kan),岂(qi)以垂朽之(zhi)(zhi)年累诸(zhu)君也!”年九十(shi)余(yu)卒。

翟汤(tang)(tang),字(zi)道深,寻(xun)阳人(ren)。笃行纯素,仁让廉洁(jie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)屑世事,耕而后食,人(ren)有馈赠,虽釜庾(yu)(yu)一无(wu)(wu)所受(shou)。永嘉(jia)末,寇(kou)害相继,闻汤(tang)(tang)名(ming)德,皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢犯(fan),乡(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)赖之(zhi)(zhi)。司(si)徒王导(dao)辟,不(bu)(bu)(bu)就,隐于县界南山。始安太守(shou)干宝(bao)与(yu)汤(tang)(tang)通(tong)家,遣船饷(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi),敕吏云:“翟公廉让,卿致(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)讫,便委(wei)船还。”汤(tang)(tang)无(wu)(wu)人(ren)反致(zhi)(zhi),乃货易绢物,因寄还宝(bao)。宝(bao)本以为惠,而更(geng)烦之(zhi)(zhi),益愧叹(tan)焉(yan)。咸康中,征西大将军庾(yu)(yu)亮上疏荐之(zhi)(zhi),成帝征为国(guo)子(zi)博士,汤(tang)(tang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)起。建(jian)元初,安西将军庾(yu)(yu)翼北征石(shi)季龙,大发僮(tong)客以充戎役,敕有司(si)特蠲汤(tang)(tang)所调。汤(tang)(tang)悉推仆使委(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)乡(xiang)(xiang)吏,吏奉旨一无(wu)(wu)所受(shou),汤(tang)(tang)依所调限,放(fang)免其仆,使令编户(hu)为百姓。康帝复以散骑常(chang)侍征汤(tang)(tang),固辞老疾,不(bu)(bu)(bu)至。年七(qi)十三,卒于家。

子庄(zhuang),字祖休。少以孝友著名,遵汤之操,不(bu)交人物,耕而(er)后食,语不(bu)及俗(su),惟以弋钓为(wei)事。及长,不(bu)复(fu)猎。或问:“渔猎同是(shi)害生(sheng)之事,而(er)先生(sheng)止去其一,何(he)哉(zai)(zai)?”庄(zhuang)曰(yue):“猎自我,钓自物,未能顿尽,故先节其甚(shen)者。且夫贪饵吞钩,岂我哉(zai)(zai)!”时人以为(wei)知言。晚节亦不(bu)复(fu)钓,端居筚门(men),歠菽(shu)饮水。州府礼命(ming),及公车征,并不(bu)就。年五十六(liu),卒。子矫(jiao),亦有(you)(you)高操,屡辞(ci)辟命(ming)。矫(jiao)子法赐,孝武(wu)帝以散骑郎征,亦不(bu)至。世有(you)(you)隐行云。

郭翻(fan)(fan)(fan),字(zi)长翔,武昌(chang)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。伯(bo)父(fu)讷,广州刺史(shi)。父(fu)察,安城(cheng)太守。翻(fan)(fan)(fan)少有志(zhi)操(cao),辞州郡辟(pi)及贤(xian)良之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju)。家(jia)于临川,不(bu)交世事,惟以(yi)渔(yu)钓射猎为(wei)(wei)娱。居贫(pin)无(wu)业,欲垦荒田,先立表题,经年无(wu)主,然(ran)后(hou)乃作。稻(dao)将(jiang)熟(shu),有认之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),悉(xi)推(tui)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。县令闻而(er)(er)诘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)稻(dao)还翻(fan)(fan)(fan),翻(fan)(fan)(fan)遂不(bu)受(shou)。尝(chang)以(yi)车(che)(che)猎,去家(jia)百余(yu)里,道(dao)中(zhong)逢病人(ren)(ren),以(yi)车(che)(che)送之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),徒步而(er)(er)归。其(qi)渔(yu)猎所得,或从买者(zhe)(zhe),便与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)取(qu)(qu)直,亦不(bu)告姓名。由是(shi)士(shi)庶咸(xian)敬贵(gui)焉(yan)。与(yu)翟汤俱为(wei)(wei)庾(yu)亮所荐,公车(che)(che)博士(shi)征,不(bu)就(jiu)。咸(xian)康末,乘小船(chuan)暂(zan)归武昌(chang)省坟墓,安西将(jiang)军庾(yu)翼(yi)(yi)以(yi)帝舅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,躬往造(zao)翻(fan)(fan)(fan),欲强起之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。翻(fan)(fan)(fan)曰:“人(ren)(ren)性(xing)各有所短,焉(yan)可强逼!”翼(yi)(yi)又以(yi)其(qi)船(chuan)小狭,欲引就(jiu)大(da)船(chuan)。翻(fan)(fan)(fan)曰:“使(shi)君不(bu)以(yi)鄙贱而(er)(er)辱临之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)固(gu)野人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舟也(ye)。”翼(yi)(yi)俯(fu)屈入其(qi)船(chuan)中(zhong),终(zhong)日而(er)(er)去。尝(chang)坠刀(dao)于水,路(lu)人(ren)(ren)有为(wei)(wei)取(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe),因与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。路(lu)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)取(qu)(qu),固(gu)辞,翻(fan)(fan)(fan)曰:“尔向不(bu)取(qu)(qu),我(wo)岂能得!”路(lu)人(ren)(ren)曰:“我(wo)若取(qu)(qu)此(ci),将(jiang)为(wei)(wei)天地鬼神所责矣。”翻(fan)(fan)(fan)知其(qi)终(zhong)不(bu)受(shou),复(fu)(fu)沈刀(dao)于水。路(lu)人(ren)(ren)怅(chang)焉(yan),乃复(fu)(fu)沈没取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。翻(fan)(fan)(fan)于是(shi)不(bu)逆其(qi)意,乃以(yi)十倍刀(dao)价与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)廉(lian)不(bu)受(shou)惠,皆此(ci)类也(ye)。卒于家(jia)。

辛谧,字叔重,陇西(xi)狄道人(ren)也。父怡(yi),幽州(zhou)刺史,世称冠(guan)族。谧少(shao)有(you)志尚,博学(xue)善(shan)属文(wen),工草隶书,为时楷法。性恬静,不(bu)妄(wang)交游。召拜太子(zi)舍人(ren)、诸王文(wen)学(xue),累征(zheng)不(bu)起。永嘉末,以谧兼散骑常侍,慰抚关中。谧以洛阳将败,故应之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及长安陷没于刘聪,聪拜太中大夫,固辞不(bu)受。又历(li)石勒、季(ji)龙(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,并不(bu)应辟命。虽处丧(sang)乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,颓(tui)然高(gao)迈,视(shi)荣利蔑如也。及冉闵僭(jian)号,复备礼征(zheng)为太常,谧遗闵书曰(yue):“昔许由辞尧,以天下让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),全(quan)其清高(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)。伯夷去国,子(zi)推逃赏,皆显史牒(die),传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无穷(qiong)(qiong)。此往而不(bu)反者也。然贤人(ren)君(jun)子(zi)虽居庙堂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,无异于山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,期(qi)穷(qiong)(qiong)理尽性之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙,岂(qi)有(you)识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者邪!是故不(bu)婴于祸难者,非为避之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),但冥心至趣而与吉会耳。谧闻(wen)物极则(ze)变,冬夏是也;致高(gao)则(ze)危(wei),累棋(qi)是也。君(jun)王功以成(cheng)矣,而久(jiu)处之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非所以顾万全(quan)远危(wei)亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸也。宜因兹大捷,归(gui)身本朝,必有(you)许由、伯夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)廉,享松(song)乔(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寿(shou),永为世辅(fu),岂(qi)不(bu)美哉!”因不(bu)食而卒(zu)。

刘驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),字(zi)子骥,南阳人(ren)(ren),光禄大夫(fu)耽(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族也(ye)。驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少尚质素(su),虚退寡欲,不修仪操,人(ren)(ren)莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知。好游山(shan)(shan)泽,志(zhi)存(cun)遁逸。尝(chang)采药至(zhi)衡(heng)山(shan)(shan),深入(ru)忘反,见(jian)有一(yi)(yi)涧(jian)水(shui),水(shui)南有二石囷(jun),一(yi)(yi)囷(jun)闭,一(yi)(yi)囷(jun)开,水(shui)深广不得(de)过。欲还,失道,遇伐弓人(ren)(ren),问径,仅得(de)还家(jia)(jia)。或说囷(jun)中皆(jie)仙灵方药诸杂物,驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲更寻索,终不复知处也(ye)。车(che)骑将军桓冲(chong)闻其(qi)名,请为长史,驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)辞不受。冲(chong)尝(chang)到其(qi)家(jia)(jia),驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)树条桑(sang),使(shi)(shi)者致命,驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“使(shi)(shi)君既枉(wang)驾光临,宜先诣家(jia)(jia)君。”冲(chong)闻大愧(kui),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)乃造其(qi)父(fu)(fu)。父(fu)(fu)命驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后方还,拂(fu)短褐与冲(chong)言(yan)话。父(fu)(fu)使(shi)(shi)驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)内自(zi)持(chi)浊酒蔬菜供宾,冲(chong)敕人(ren)(ren)代驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斟酌(zhuo),父(fu)(fu)辞曰(yue):“若使(shi)(shi)从者,非野人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。”冲(chong)慨(kai)然,至(zhi)昏(hun)乃退。驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虽(sui)冠冕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族,信仪著于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)群小,凡厮伍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)婚(hun)娶(qu)葬送(song),无不躬自(zi)造焉(yan)。居于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)阳岐,在官道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侧(ce),人(ren)(ren)物来往,莫不投之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)躬自(zi)供给,士君子颇(po)以劳(lao)累,更惮(dan)过焉(yan)。凡人(ren)(ren)致赠(zeng),一(yi)(yi)无所受。去驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia)(jia)百余里,有一(yi)(yi)孤姥,病(bing)将死,叹息(xi)谓(wei)人(ren)(ren)曰(yue):“谁当埋我(wo),惟有刘长史耳!何由(you)令(ling)知。”驎(lin)(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先闻其(qi)有患(huan),故往侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),值其(qi)命终,乃身为营棺殡送(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)仁(ren)爱(ai)隐恻若此。卒以寿终。

索袭(xi),字伟祖,敦煌(huang)人(ren)也(ye)。虚(xu)靖好学,不(bu)应州(zhou)郡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命,举孝廉、贤良方(fang)正,皆以疾辞。游(you)思于阴阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术,著天文地理十余篇(pian),多所启发。不(bu)与当世交通,或(huo)独语(yu)独笑(xiao),或(huo)长(zhang)叹涕泣,或(huo)请(qing)问(wen)不(bu)言。张茂时,敦煌(huang)太守阴澹(dan)奇而(er)(er)造焉,经日忘反,出而(er)(er)叹曰:“索先(xian)生(sheng)硕德名(ming)儒,真可以谘(zi)大(da)义。”澹(dan)欲行(xing)乡(xiang)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),请(qing)袭(xi)为(wei)三老(lao)(lao),曰:“今(jin)四表辑(ji)宁,将行(xing)乡(xiang)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),先(xian)生(sheng)年耆望重,道冠一(yi)时,养老(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,实系儒贤。既树非(fei)梧桐,而(er)(er)希鸾凤(feng)降(jiang)翼;器谢(xie)曹公,而(er)(er)冀盖公枉驾,诚(cheng)非(fei)所谓(wei)也(ye)。然夫(fu)子至(zhi)圣,有(you)召(zhao)赴焉;孟轲(ke)大(da)德,无聘不(bu)至(zhi),盖欲弘阐大(da)猷(you),敷明道化故也(ye)。今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)屈,遵道崇(chong)教,非(fei)有(you)爵位,意者或(huo)可然乎!”会(hui)病卒,时年七十九。澹(dan)素服(fu)会(hui)葬,赠贱二万(wan)。澹(dan)曰:“世人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所有(you)余者,富(fu)贵也(ye);目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所好者,五(wu)色也(ye);耳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所玩者,五(wu)音也(ye)。而(er)(er)先(xian)生(sheng)弃众(zhong)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所收,收众(zhong)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所弃,味(wei)无味(wei)于慌惚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际,兼重玄于众(zhong)妙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内。宅不(bu)弥亩(mu)而(er)(er)志忽(hu)九州(zhou),形居尘俗而(er)(er)栖心天外,虽黔娄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高远(yuan),庄(zhuang)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)愿,蔑以过也(ye)。”乃(nai)谥曰玄居先(xian)生(sheng)。

杨轲(ke)(ke),天水(shui)人(ren)也。少好(hao)《易》,长(zhang)而(er)不(bu)(bu)娶,学业精微,养徒数百,常食(shi)粗饮(yin)水(shui),衣褐缊(yun)袍,人(ren)不(bu)(bu)堪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)忧(you),而(er)轲(ke)(ke)悠然自得,疏宾(bin)异客,音旨未曾交(jiao)也。虽受(shou)业门徒,非入(ru)室弟(di)子(zi)(zi),莫昨亲言。欲(yu)所论授(shou)(shou)(shou),须旁无(wu)杂人(ren),授(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)室弟(di)子(zi)(zi),令(ling)(ling)递相宣授(shou)(shou)(shou)。刘(liu)曜僭号,征拜(bai)(bai)太常,轲(ke)(ke)固辞(ci)不(bu)(bu)起,曜亦敬而(er)不(bu)(bu)逼(bi),遂隐于(yu)陇山(shan)。曜后(hou)(hou)为石(shi)勒(le)所擒(qin)(qin),秦人(ren)东徙,轲(ke)(ke)留长(zhang)安。及石(shi)季龙(long)(long)(long)(long)嗣伪位。备玄纁(xun)束帛安车(che)征之(zhi)(zhi),轲(ke)(ke)以(yi)疾辞(ci)。迫之(zhi)(zhi),乃发。既见季龙(long)(long)(long)(long),不(bu)(bu)拜(bai)(bai),与语,不(bu)(bu)言,命(ming)舍(she)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)永昌(chang)乙第。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)司(si)以(yi)轲(ke)(ke)倨傲(ao),请从(cong)大(da)不(bu)(bu)敬论,季龙(long)(long)(long)(long)不(bu)(bu)从(cong),下书任轲(ke)(ke)所尚。轲(ke)(ke)在永昌(chang),季龙(long)(long)(long)(long)每有(you)馈饩,辄(zhe)口授(shou)(shou)(shou)弟(di)子(zi)(zi),使为表谢,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文甚美,览者(zhe)叹有(you)深致。季龙(long)(long)(long)(long)欲(yu)观其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)真趣,乃密(mi)令(ling)(ling)美女夜以(yi)动之(zhi)(zhi),轲(ke)(ke)萧(xiao)然不(bu)(bu)顾。又(you)使人(ren)将其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)尽行,遣(qian)魁(kui)壮羯士衣甲持刀,临之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)兵,并窃其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所赐衣服而(er)去,轲(ke)(ke)视而(er)不(bu)(bu)信,了无(wu)惧色。常卧土床,覆以(yi)布被,倮寝(qin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中,下无(wu)茵褥。颍川荀(xun)铺,好(hao)奇之(zhi)(zhi)士也,造而(er)谈经,轲(ke)(ke)瞑目不(bu)(bu)答。铺发轲(ke)(ke)被露其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形,大(da)笑(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)。轲(ke)(ke)神体颓然,无(wu)惊怒(nu)之(zhi)(zhi)状。于(yu)时咸以(yi)为焦先之(zhi)(zhi)徒,未有(you)能量其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)深浅也。后(hou)(hou)上疏陈乡思(si),求(qiu)还,季龙(long)(long)(long)(long)送以(yi)安车(che)蒲轮,蠲十户供之(zhi)(zhi)。自归秦州(zhou),仍教(jiao)授(shou)(shou)(shou)不(bu)(bu)绝(jue)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)秦人(ren)西(xi)奔凉州(zhou),轲(ke)(ke)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)牛负之(zhi)(zhi),为戍军追擒(qin)(qin),并为所害。

公孙凤,字子鸾,上谷人也(ye)。隐于(yu)昌黎之(zhi)九(jiu)城山谷,冬衣单布,寝处士床,夏则并(bing)食(shi)于(yu)器,停(ting)令(ling)臭败,然(ran)(ran)后食(shi)之(zhi)。弹(dan)琴吟咏,陶然(ran)(ran)自得,人咸异之(zhi),莫能测也(ye)。慕容(rong)以安(an)车征至(zhi)鄴,及见,不言不拜,衣食(shi)举动如在九(jiu)城。宾客(ke)造请(qing),鲜得与言。数年病卒。

公孙(sun)永,字子阳(yang),襄平人也。少而(er)好学恬(tian)虚,隐于平郭(guo)南山(shan),不(bu)娶妻(qi)妾,非身所(suo)垦植(zhi),则不(bu)衣食之,吟咏岩间(jian),欣(xin)然(ran)自(zi)得,年(nian)余九十,操尚(shang)不(bu)亏(kui)。与(yu)(yu)公孙(sun)凤俱被容征至鄴,及见,不(bu)拜(bai),王公以(yi)下(xia)造(zao)之,皆不(bu)与(yu)(yu)言,虽经隆冬盛暑,端然(ran)自(zi)若。一岁余,诈狂(kuang),送之平郭(guo)。后苻坚又将备(bei)礼征之,难(nan)其年(nian)耆(qi)路远,乃遣使者致问。未至而(er)永亡(wang),坚深(shen)悼(dao)之,谥(shi)曰崇(chong)虚先生。

张忠,字巨和,中山人也。永嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan),隐于(yu)泰(tai)山。恬静(jing)寡欲,清虚(xu)服气,餐芝饵石,修导养之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。冬则(ze)缊(yun)袍,夏则(ze)带索,端(duan)拱若尸。无(wu)琴书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)适(shi),不(bu)修经典,劝教但以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)虚(xu)无(wu)为宗(zong)。其居依崇(chong)岩幽谷,凿地为窟室。弟子(zi)亦以(yi)(yi)窟居,去忠六(liu)十余(yu)步,五(wu)日一朝(chao)。其教以(yi)(yi)形(xing)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)言,弟子(zi)受业,观形(xing)而退(tui)。立(li)道(dao)(dao)坛(tan)于(yu)窟上(shang),每旦(dan)朝(chao)拜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。食用(yong)瓦器,凿石为釜。左右(you)居人馈(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)食,一无(wu)所受。好事少年(nian)颇或(huo)问以(yi)(yi)水旱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祥,忠曰(yue):“天不(bu)言而四时行(xing)焉(yan),万物生焉(yan),阴阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事非穷山野叟所能知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”其遣诸外物,皆此类也。年(nian)在期(qi)颐,而视听(ting)无(wu)爽。苻坚(jian)遣使征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。使者(zhe)至(zhi)(zhi),忠沐浴(yu)(yu)而起,谓(wei)弟子(zi)曰(yue):“吾余(yu)年(nian)无(wu)几,不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)逆时主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。”浴(yu)(yu)讫就车(che)。及(ji)至(zhi)(zhi)长安,坚(jian)赐以(yi)(yi)冠衣(yi),辞曰(yue):“年(nian)朽(xiu)发(fa)落,不(bu)堪(kan)衣(yi)冠,请以(yi)(yi)野服入觐。”从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及(ji)见,坚(jian)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“先(xian)生考磐山林,研精道(dao)(dao)素,独(du)善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美有余(yu),兼(jian)济(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功未也。故远屈先(xian)生,将任齐尚父(fu)。”忠曰(yue):“昔因丧(sang)乱(luan),避地泰(tai)山,与鸟(niao)兽为侣,以(yi)(yi)全朝(chao)夕(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)。属尧舜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,思一奉(feng)圣颜(yan)。年(nian)衰志谢(xie),不(bu)堪(kan)展效,尚父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)况,非敢窃拟(ni)。山栖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,情(qing)存(cun)岩岫,乞还余(yu)齿,归死(si)岱(dai)宗(zong)。坚(jian)以(yi)(yi)安车(che)送之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。行(xing)达华(hua)山。叹曰(yue):“我(wo)东岳道(dao)(dao)士,没于(yu)西岳,命(ming)(ming)也,奈何!行(xing)五(wu)十里(li),及(ji)关而死(si)。使者(zhe)驰驿(yi)白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),坚(jian)遣黄门郎韦华(hua)持节策吊,祀以(yi)(yi)太牢,褒赐命(ming)(ming)服,谥曰(yue)安道(dao)(dao)先(xian)生。

石垣(yuan),字洪孙,自云北海(hai)剧人。居无定(ding)所(suo),不娶妻妾,不营产(chan)业,食不求美(mei),衣(yi)必粗弊。或有(you)(you)遗其(qi)衣(yi)服,受而(er)施(shi)人。人有(you)(you)丧葬,辄杖策吊之。路无远近(jin),时(shi)有(you)(you)寒(han)暑(shu),必在其(qi)中;或同日共时(shi),咸皆见焉。又能暗(an)中取物,如(ru)昼无差。姚苌之乱,莫(mo)知所(suo)终。

宋纤(xian),字令艾,敦煌效谷人(ren)也(ye)。少有远操,沈(shen)靖(jing)不与(yu)世交,隐居于酒泉(quan)南(nan)山(shan)。明究(jiu)经纬,弟子受业(ye)三千(qian)余人(ren)。不应州郡辟命,惟与(yu)阴(yin)颙(yong)、齐好(hao)友善。张祚时,太(tai)守(shou)杨宣画其(qi)象于阁(ge)上(shang);出(chu)入视之(zhi),作(zuo)颂曰:“为枕(zhen)何石?为濑何流?身不可(ke)见(jian),名不可(ke)求。”酒泉(quan)太(tai)守(shou)马岌(ji),高尚(shang)之(zhi)士也(ye),具威仪(yi),鸣(ming)铙鼓,造(zao)焉。纤(xian)高楼(lou)重阁(ge),距而(er)(er)不见(jian)。岌(ji)叹曰:“名可(ke)闻(wen)而(er)(er)身不可(ke)见(jian),德可(ke)仰而(er)(er)形(xing)不可(ke)睹,吾而(er)(er)今而(er)(er)后(hou)知(zhi)先(xian)生人(ren)中之(zhi)龙(long)也(ye)。”铭诗(shi)于石壁曰:“丹(dan)崖百丈,青壁万寻。奇木蓊郁,蔚(yu)若邓林。其(qi)人(ren)如(ru)玉,维国之(zhi)琛。室迩人(ren)遐,实劳我心。”

纤注《论语》,及为诗颂数(shu)万言。年(nian)八十(shi),笃学不倦。张祚后遣使者张兴(xing)备礼(li)征为太(tai)(tai)子(zi)友(you),兴(xing)逼喻(yu)甚切,纤喟然叹曰:“德非(fei)庄生(sheng),才非(fei)干木,何(he)取稽停明(ming)命!”遂(sui)随兴(xing)至姑臧。祚遣其太(tai)(tai)子(zi)太(tai)(tai)和(he)以执友(you)礼(li)造之,纤称疾(ji)不见,赠遗一皆(jie)不受(shou)。寻迁太(tai)(tai)子(zi)太(tai)(tai)傅。顷之,上疏曰:“臣受(shou)生(sheng)方外(wai),心(xin)慕太(tai)(tai)古。生(sheng)不喜(xi)存,死不悲(bei)没(mei)。素(su)有遗属,属诸知识,在(zai)山投(tou)山,临水投(tou)水,处泽露形,在(zai)人亲土。声闻书疏,勿(wu)告我家。今当命终,乞如素(su)愿。”遂(sui)不食而(er)卒,时年(nian)八十(shi)二,谥曰玄(xuan)虚先生(sheng)。

郭荷(he),字承休,略阳人也。六(liu)世祖整,汉(han)安(an)(an)顺之(zhi)(zhi)世,公府八辟,公车五征(zheng),皆不就(jiu)。自整及(ji)荷(he),世以(yi)经学致位。荷(he)明究(jiu)群籍,特善史(shi)书(shu)。不应州郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)命。张(zhang)祚遣使(shi)者(zhe)以(yi)安(an)(an)车束帛(bo)征(zheng)为博士祭酒,使(shi)者(zhe)迫而致之(zhi)(zhi)。及(ji)至,署太子友。荷(he)上疏乞(qi)还(hai),祚许之(zhi)(zhi),遣以(yi)安(an)(an)车蒲(pu)轮送(song)还(hai)张(zhang)掖(ye)东山。年八十四卒(zu),谥曰玄德先生(sheng)。

郭瑀(yu)字元(yuan)瑜(yu),敦煌(huang)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。少有超俗(su)之(zhi)操(cao),东(dong)游张掖(ye),师事郭荷,尽传其业(ye)。精通(tong)经义,雅(ya)辩谈论,多才艺,善属(shu)文。荷卒,瑀(yu)以为父生之(zhi),师成之(zhi),君爵之(zhi),而五服(fu)之(zhi)制,师不(bu)服(fu)重,盖圣人(ren)谦(qian)也(ye)(ye),遂服(fu)斩(zhan)衰,庐墓(mu)三年。礼毕,隐于(yu)临松薤谷,凿(zao)石窟而居,服(fu)柏(bo)实以轻身,作《春秋墨说》、《孝经错纬(wei)》,弟子著录(lu)千余人(ren)。

张(zhang)天(tian)赐(ci)遣使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)孟公(gong)明(ming)(ming)持节,以浦轮玄(xuan)纁备礼征之,遗瑀(yu)书曰(yue):“先(xian)生潜(qian)光(guang)九皋,怀真(zhen)独(du)远(yuan),心与(yu)至境冥(ming)符,志与(yu)四时(shi)消息,岂(qi)知苍生倒悬,四海待拯者(zhe)(zhe)乎(hu)!孤忝(tian)承时(shi)运,负(fu)荷大(da)业,思(si)与(yu)贤(xian)明(ming)(ming)同赞帝道。昔传说龙翔(xiang)殷朝,尚父鹰扬周室,孔(kong)圣车(che)不(bu)(bu)停(ting)轨(gui),墨(mo)子驾(jia)不(bu)(bu)俟(si)旦,皆以黔首之祸不(bu)(bu)可以不(bu)(bu)救,君不(bu)(bu)独(du)立,道由人弘故也(ye)(ye)。况(kuang)今九服分为(wei)狄场,二都尽为(wei)戎穴,天(tian)子僻陋江东,名教沦于左衽,创毒(du)之甚,开避(bi)(bi)未闻(wen)。先(xian)生怀济世之才,坐观而不(bu)(bu)救,其于仁智,孤窃惑焉(yan)。故遣使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)虚(xu)左授绥,鹤企先(xian)生,乃眷下国。”公(gong)明(ming)(ming)至山,瑀(yu)指(zhi)翔(xiang)鸿(hong)以示(shi)之曰(yue):“此鸟也(ye)(ye),安可笼哉!”遂深(shen)逃绝迹。公(gong)明(ming)(ming)拘其门人,瑀(yu)叹曰(yue):“吾逃禄,非(fei)避(bi)(bi)罪也(ye)(ye),岂(qi)得隐居(ju)行义,害及门人!”乃出而就征。及至姑臧,值天(tian)赐(ci)母卒,瑀(yu)括发入吊,三(san)踊(yong)而出,还于南山。

及天锡灭(mie),苻(fu)坚(jian)又以安车征瑀定礼仪,会父丧而(er)止,太守辛章(zhang)遣书生(sheng)三百人(ren)(ren)就受业焉。及苻(fu)氏之末,略(lve)阳王穆(mu)起(qi)兵(bing)酒泉,以应(ying)(ying)张大豫(yu),遣使招瑀。瑀叹曰:“临河救溺,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)卜命之短长;脉病(bing)三年,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)豫(yu)绝其餐馈(kui);鲁连在赵,义不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)结舌,况人(ren)(ren)将(jiang)左衽(ren)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)救之!”乃与敦煌索嘏(gu)起(qi)兵(bing)五千(qian),运粟三万(wan)石,东应(ying)(ying)王穆(mu)。穆(mu)以瑀为太府左长史、军师将(jiang)军。虽居元(yuan)佐,而(er)口咏黄老,冀功成世定,追伯成之踪。

穆(mu)惑于(yu)谗间(jian),西伐索嘏(gu),瑀谏(jian)曰(yue):“昔汉定天(tian)下(xia)(xia),然(ran)后诛功(gong)臣。今(jin)事业未建而(er)诛之(zhi),立见麋鹿游于(yu)此庭矣。”穆(mu)不(bu)从。瑀出城(cheng)大哭,举(ju)手(shou)谢城(cheng)曰(yue):“吾(wu)不(bu)复见汝矣!”还而(er)引被覆面,不(bu)与人言(yan),不(bu)食七日,与疾(ji)而(er)归,旦夕祈死。夜梦(meng)乘青龙上天(tian),至(zhi)屋而(er)止(zhi),寤而(er)叹曰(yue):“龙飞在(zai)天(tian),今(jin)止(zhi)于(yu)屋。屋之(zhi)为字,尸下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)也(ye)。龙飞至(zhi)尸,吾(wu)其死也(ye)。古之(zhi)君子不(bu)卒内寝(qin),况吾(wu)正(zheng)士乎!”遂还酒泉南山赤(chi)崖阁,饮气而(er)卒。

祈嘉,字孔宾(bin),酒泉人(ren)也。少清贫(pin),好学(xue)。年(nian)二(er)十余(yu),夜(ye)忽(hu)窗(chuang)中有声呼曰(yue):“祈孔宾(bin),祈孔宾(bin)!隐去来,隐去来!修饰人(ren)世,甚(shen)苦不可谐。所得(de)未毛铢,所丧如山崖。”旦(dan)而逃去,西(xi)至(zhi)敦(dun)煌,依(yi)学(xue)官诵书,贫(pin)无衣食,为书生(sheng)都养以自给,遂博通经传,精究大义。西(xi)游海(hai)渚,教授门生(sheng)百(bai)余(yu)人(ren)。张重华征(zheng)为儒林祭酒。性和(he)裕(yu),教授不倦(juan),依(yi)《孝经》作《二(er)九(jiu)神(shen)经》。在朝卿士、郡县守令彭和(he)正等受(shou)业(ye)独拜床(chuang)下者二(er)千(qian)余(yu)人(ren),天锡谓为先生(sheng)而不名之(zhi)。竟以寿(shou)终。

瞿硎(xing)先生者,不得姓名,亦不知何许人(ren)也。太和(he)末,常居宣城郡界文脊山中,山有瞿硎(xing),因以(yi)为名焉。大司马桓温尝往造(zao)之(zhi)。既至,见先生被鹿(lu)裘(qiu),坐于石室,神无忤色,温及僚佐(zuo)数十人(ren)皆莫测之(zhi),乃(nai)命伏滔为之(zhi)铭赞。竟卒于山中。

谢(xie)敷(fu),字庆绪,会稽(ji)人(ren)(ren)也。性澄靖寡欲,入(ru)太平山十(shi)余年。镇军(jun)郗愔召为主簿,台征博(bo)士,皆(jie)不(bu)就。初,月犯少微(wei)(wei),少微(wei)(wei)一名处士星,占者以陷士当(dang)之(zhi)。谯国戴(dai)逵有美才,人(ren)(ren)或忧(you)之(zhi)。俄(e)而(er)敷(fu)死(si),故(gu)会稽(ji)人(ren)(ren)士以嘲吴人(ren)(ren)云:“吴中高士,便(bian)是求死(si)不(bu)得死(si)。”

戴逵,字安道,谯国人(ren)也。少博学,好(hao)谈论,善(shan)属文,能鼓琴,工书(shu)画(hua),其余(yu)巧(qiao)艺(yi)靡(mi)不毕(bi)综。总角(jiao)时,以鸡卵汁溲白瓦(wa)屑作《郑玄碑》,又为(wei)文而(er)(er)自镌之(zhi),词丽(li)器妙,时人(ren)莫不惊叹。性不乐(le)当世,常以琴书(shu)自娱(yu)。师事术士范宣于豫章,宣异之(zhi),以兄(xiong)女妻焉。太(tai)宰、武陵王晞闻其善(shan)鼓琴,使人(ren)召之(zhi),逵对使者(zhe)破琴曰:“戴安道不为(wei)王门伶人(ren)!”晞怒,乃(nai)更引其兄(xiong)述。述闻命(ming)欣(xin)然,拥(yong)琴而(er)(er)往。

逵后徙居会稽之剡县。性高洁,常以礼度自处,深以放达为非(fei)道,乃著论曰:

夫亲没而(er)(er)(er)(er)采药(yao)不(bu)反者(zhe),不(bu)仁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子也(ye);君危而(er)(er)(er)(er)屡出近关者(zhe),苟免之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣也(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)未(wei)始以彼害名教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体者(zhe)何?达其(qi)旨(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)也(ye)。达其(qi)旨(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)不(bu)惑其(qi)迹。若(ruo)元康(kang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),可(ke)谓好遁迹而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)求(qiu)其(qi)本(ben),故(gu)有捐本(ben)徇末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊,舍(she)实(shi)逐声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,是犹美西施而(er)(er)(er)(er)学其(qi)颦(pin)(pin)眉,慕有道而(er)(er)(er)(er)折其(qi)巾角,所以为慕者(zhe),非其(qi)所以为美,徒贵貌(mao)似(si)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已矣。夫紫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)(luan)硃,以其(qi)似(si)硃也(ye)。故(gu)乡原似(si)中和(he),所以乱(luan)(luan)德;放者(zhe)似(si)达,所以乱(luan)(luan)道。然竹(zhu)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为放,有疾而(er)(er)(er)(er)为颦(pin)(pin)者(zhe)也(ye),元康(kang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为放,无德而(er)(er)(er)(er)折巾者(zhe)也(ye),可(ke)无察(cha)乎!

且儒家(jia)尚誉者,本(ben)(ben)以兴(xing)贤(xian)也,既失(shi)其(qi)本(ben)(ben),则有(you)(you)色取(qu)之行(xing)。怀(huai)情丧(sang)真,以容貌(mao)相欺,其(qi)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)必(bi)至(zhi)于末伪。道家(jia)去名者,欲以笃实也,苟失(shi)其(qi)本(ben)(ben),又有(you)(you)越检之行(xing)。情礼俱亏,则仰咏(yong)兼忘,其(qi)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)必(bi)至(zhi)于本(ben)(ben)薄(bo)。夫(fu)伪薄(bo)者,非二本(ben)(ben)之失(shi),而(er)为弊(bi)(bi)(bi)者必(bi)托二本(ben)(ben)以自通。夫(fu)道有(you)(you)常经而(er)弊(bi)(bi)(bi)无常情,是以六经有(you)(you)失(shi),王政有(you)(you)弊(bi)(bi)(bi),苟乖其(qi)本(ben)(ben),固圣贤(xian)所无奈何也。

嗟夫!行道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人自非性(xing)足体备(bei)、暗蹈而(er)当者(zhe),亦(yi)曷能不栖(qi)情古(gu)烈,拟规前修。苟迷拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)后动(dong),议之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)后言(yan),固当先(xian)辩其(qi)趣(qu)舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极,求其(qi)用心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本,识其(qi)枉尺直寻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨,采其(qi)被褐怀玉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由。若(ruo)斯,途(tu)虽殊(shu),而(er)其(qi)归可观也;迹虽乱,而(er)其(qi)契不乖也。不然(ran),则流遁忘反,为风波之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,自驱(qu)以物,自诳以伪(wei),外(wai)眩(xuan)嚣华,内丧道实,以矜尚夺其(qi)真主,以尘垢翳其(qi)天正,贻(yi)笑千载,可不慎欤(yu)!

孝武帝时,以散骑(qi)常侍、国子(zi)博士累征,辞父疾(ji)不就。郡县敦逼不已,乃逃(tao)于吴。吴国内(nei)史王珣(xun)有别(bie)馆(guan)在武丘山,逵(kui)潜(qian)诣之(zhi),与珣(xun)游处积旬。会稽内(nei)史谢玄虑逵(kui)远遁不反,乃上(shang)疏曰:“伏见(jian)谯国戴逵(kui)希心俗表,不婴世务,栖(qi)迟衡门,与琴书(shu)为友。虽策命屡加,幽操(cao)不回,超然绝迹,自(zi)求其(qi)志。且年垂耳顺,常抱(bao)羸疾(ji),时或失适,转至委笃。今王命未回,将离风霜之(zhi)患。陛(bi)下既已爱而器(qi)之(zhi),亦宜(yi)使其(qi)身名并存,请绝其(qi)召(zhao)命。”疏奏,帝许之(zhi),逵(kui)复还剡。

后(hou)王(wang)珣为尚(shang)书仆射,上疏(shu)复(fu)请征(zheng)为国子祭(ji)酒,加(jia)(jia)散骑常侍(shi),征(zheng)之(zhi),复(fu)不至。太(tai)元(yuan)二十年,皇太(tai)子始出东(dong)宫,太(tai)子太(tai)传会稽王(wang)道子、少傅王(wang)雅(ya)、詹事(shi)王(wang)珣又上疏(shu)曰:“逵(kui)执(zhi)操(cao)贞厉,含味独游(you),年在耆(qi)老,清(qing)风弥劭。东(dong)宫虚德,式延事(shi)外,宜(yi)加(jia)(jia)旌命,以参僚(liao)侍(shi)。逵(kui)既重幽居之(zhi)操(cao),必(bi)以难进为美,宜(yi)下所在备礼发遣。”会病卒(zu)。

长子勃,有父风。义熙初,以(yi)散骑(qi)侍郎征,不起(qi),寻卒。

龚(gong)玄之(zhi)(zhi),字(zi)道玄,武陵汉寿人也。父登,历长沙相、散骑(qi)常(chang)侍(shi)。玄之(zhi)(zhi)好学潜默(mo),安于陋(lou)巷。州举(ju)秀才,公府辟,不就(jiu)。孝武帝下诏曰:“夫哲王御世,必搜扬幽隐,故(gu)空谷流(liu)絷维之(zhi)(zhi)咏(yong),丘(qiu)园旅(lv)束帛之(zhi)(zhi)观。谯国戴逵(kui)、武陵龚(gong)玄之(zhi)(zhi)并高(gao)尚(shang)其(qi)操,依仁游艺,洁己(ji)贞(zhen)鲜,学弘儒业,朕虚(xu)怀久矣。二三(san)君子,岂其(qi)戢(ji)贤(xian)于怀抱哉!思挹雅言,虚(xu)诚(cheng)讽议,可并以为(wei)散骑(qi)常(chang)侍(shi),领(ling)国子博士(shi),指下所在备礼发遣,不得循(xun)常(chang),以稽侧席之(zhi)(zhi)望(wang)。”郡县敦逼(bi),苦辞(ci)疾笃,不行。寻(xun)卒(zu),时(shi)年五十八。

弟子元寿,亦有(you)德操,高尚不仕,举秀(xiu)才及州辟召,并称疾不就(jiu)。孝(xiao)武帝以太学博士、散骑(qi)侍郎、给事中累(lei)征,遂不起。卒于家(jia)。

陶淡,字处静,太(tai)尉侃之(zhi)(zhi)孙也。父夏,以(yi)无(wu)行被废(fei)。淡幼孤,好导养之(zhi)(zhi)术,谓仙道可(ke)祈。年十五(wu)六,便服食绝(jue)谷,不(bu)(bu)婚娶。家累千金,僮客百数,淡终(zhong)日端拱(gong),曾不(bu)(bu)营问。颇(po)好读《易(yi)》善卜筮(shi)。于长沙(sha)临湘山中结庐(lu)居之(zhi)(zhi),养一白鹿以(yi)自偶。亲故有(you)候(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)者,辄移渡涧水,莫得近之(zhi)(zhi)。州举秀才,淡闻,遂转逃罗(luo)县埤山中,终(zhong)身不(bu)(bu)返,莫知(zhi)所终(zhong)。

陶潜,字(zi)(zi)元亮,大司马侃之(zhi)曾孙也(ye)。祖茂,武昌太守。潜少怀(huai)高尚,博学善属文(wen),颖脱不(bu)(bu)羁,任真自得(de)(de),为乡邻之(zhi)所贵。尝(chang)著《五(wu)柳先生(sheng)传》以(yi)自况曰:“先生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)知何许人,不(bu)(bu)详(xiang)姓字(zi)(zi),宅边(bian)有五(wu)柳树,因以(yi)为号焉。闲(xian)静少言,不(bu)(bu)慕荣(rong)利。好读书,不(bu)(bu)求甚解,每(mei)有会意,欣(xin)然(ran)忘食。性嗜酒,而家贫不(bu)(bu)能恆得(de)(de)。亲旧(jiu)知其如(ru)此,或置(zhi)酒招之(zhi),造饮必尽,期(qi)在必醉。既(ji)醉而退,曾不(bu)(bu)吝情(qing)。环堵萧然(ran),不(bu)(bu)蔽风日(ri),短褐穿(chuan)结,箪瓢屡空,晏如(ru)也(ye)。常著文(wen)章(zhang)自娱,颇示己志,忘怀(huai)得(de)(de)失(shi),以(yi)此自终。”其自序如(ru)此,时人谓之(zhi)实录。

以亲老家贫(pin),起为(wei)(wei)州(zhou)祭酒(jiu),不(bu)堪吏(li)职,少日自解归。州(zhou)召主簿,不(bu)就(jiu),躬耕自资,遂抱羸疾。复(fu)为(wei)(wei)镇军(jun)、建威参军(jun),谓亲朋(peng)曰:“聊欲弦歌,以为(wei)(wei)三径之(zhi)资可(ke)乎(hu)?”执事(shi)者闻之(zhi),以为(wei)(wei)彭泽令(ling)。在县,公(gong)田悉令(ling)种(zhong)秫(shu)谷,曰:“令(ling)吾常(chang)醉于(yu)酒(jiu)足矣。”妻子固(gu)请种(zhong)粳。乃使一顷五十亩(mu)种(zhong)秫(shu),五十亩(mu)种(zhong)粳。素简贵,不(bu)私事(shi)上官。郡(jun)遣督邮(you)至县,吏(li)白应束带见之(zhi),潜(qian)叹曰:“吾不(bu)能(neng)为(wei)(wei)五斗米折腰,拳拳事(shi)乡里(li)小(xiao)人(ren)邪(xie)!”义熙(xi)二年,解印去县,乃赋《归去来》。其(qi)辞(ci)曰:

归去来(lai)兮,田园(yuan)将芜胡不归?既自(zi)以(yi)(yi)心为形(xing)役,奚(xi)惆怅而(er)独(du)悲?悟已(yi)往(wang)之不谏,知(zhi)来(lai)者(zhe)之可追。实迷(mi)途(tu)其(qi)(qi)未远(yuan),觉今(jin)是而(er)昨非。舟遥遥以(yi)(yi)轻飏,风飘飘而(er)吹衣,问征夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)前路,恨晨光之希微。乃瞻(zhan)衡宇,载欣载奔。僮仆来(lai)迎,稚子侯门。三径就荒,松菊犹存(cun)。携幼入(ru)室(shi),有酒(jiu)盈樽(zun)。引壶(hu)觚以(yi)(yi)自(zi)酌,眄庭柯以(yi)(yi)怡颜,倚南(nan)窗以(yi)(yi)寄傲,审容膝之易安。园(yuan)日涉而(er)成趣,门虽(sui)设而(er)常关;策扶老(lao)而(er)流憩,时翘首而(er)遐观。云无心而(er)出岫,鸟倦飞而(er)知(zhi)还;景翳(yi)翳(yi)其(qi)(qi)将入(ru),抚孤松而(er)盘(pan)桓。

归去来兮,请息交以绝游,世与我而相(xiang)遗,复(fu)驾言兮焉求(qiu)!悦亲戚之情(qing)话,乐琴书(shu)以消忧。农人告余以春暮,将有(you)事乎西畴。或命巾车(che),或棹(zhao)孤舟,既窈窕以寻壑,亦崎岖而经丘。木(mu)欣欣以向荣,泉涓涓而始流,善万物之得时,感吾生之行休(xiu)。

已矣(yi)乎(hu)!寓形宇内(nei)复几时,曷不委心任去留,胡为乎(hu)遑遑欲何(he)之?富贵非吾愿,帝乡不可期。怀良晨以孤(gu)往(wang),或植杖而(er)(er)芸秄(zi),登东皋以舒(shu)啸(xiao),临清流而(er)(er)赋诗;聊乘化而(er)(er)归尽(jin),乐夫(fu)天命(ming)复奚疑!

顷之,征(zheng)著作郎,不就(jiu)。既绝州郡觐(jin)谒,其乡亲(qin)张野及(ji)周旋人羊松(song)龄、宠遵等(deng)或有酒要之,或要之共至(zhi)酒坐,虽不识主人,亦(yi)欣然无忤,酣醉便反。未尝(chang)有所(suo)造诣,所(suo)之唯至(zhi)田舍(she)及(ji)庐山游观而已。

刺史王弘(hong)(hong)以(yi)元熙中(zhong)临州,甚(shen)钦迟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),后(hou)自造(zao)(zao)焉。潜(qian)称疾不(bu)(bu)见,既而(er)语人(ren)(ren)云(yun):“我性不(bu)(bu)狎世,因疾守(shou)闲,幸非(fei)洁志慕声,岂敢以(yi)王公纡轸为荣邪!夫谬(miu)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)贤,此刘公干所以(yi)招谤君子(zi),其罪不(bu)(bu)细(xi)也。”弘(hong)(hong)每令(ling)人(ren)(ren)候(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),密知(zhi)当往庐山,乃遣其故人(ren)(ren)庞(pang)通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等赍(ji)酒,先于(yu)半道(dao)要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。潜(qian)既遇(yu)酒,便引酌(zhuo)野(ye)亭,欣(xin)然忘(wang)进。弘(hong)(hong)乃出(chu)与(yu)相见,遂(sui)欢宴穷日。潜(qian)无履,弘(hong)(hong)顾左右为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)履。左右请履度,潜(qian)便于(yu)坐申脚令(ling)度焉。弘(hong)(hong)要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)还州,问其所乘,答云(yun):“素有(you)脚疾,向乘蓝舆(yu),亦(yi)足自反(fan)。”乃令(ling)一门生二兒共(gong)轝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至州,而(er)言(yan)笑赏适(shi),不(bu)(bu)觉其有(you)羡于(yu)华轩也。弘(hong)(hong)后(hou)欲(yu)见,辄(zhe)于(yu)林泽间候(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至于(yu)酒米乏绝,亦(yi)时相赡(shan)。

其亲(qin)朋好事,或载酒肴而(er)往,潜(qian)亦无(wu)(wu)所(suo)辞(ci)焉。每(mei)(mei)一醉,则大适融然。又不(bu)营生业,家务悉委之(zhi)(zhi)兒仆。未尝有喜(xi)愠之(zhi)(zhi)色(se),惟遇酒则饮(yin),时或无(wu)(wu)酒,亦雅咏不(bu)辍。尝言夏月虚闲,高(gao)卧北(bei)窗(chuang)之(zhi)(zhi)下,清风飒至(zhi),自谓羲皇上人(ren)。性不(bu)解音,而(er)畜(chu)素琴(qin)一张,弦徽不(bu)具(ju),每(mei)(mei)朋酒之(zhi)(zhi)会(hui),则抚而(er)和之(zhi)(zhi),曰:“但识琴(qin)中(zhong)趣(qu),何劳弦上声!”以宋(song)元(yuan)嘉(jia)中(zhong)卒,时年六十三(san),所(suo)有文集并行于世。

史臣曰:君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)行殊途,显晦(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)谓也。出(chu)则(ze)(ze)允釐庶(shu)政(zheng),以道(dao)(dao)济时(shi);处则(ze)(ze)振拔嚣埃(ai),以卑自(zi)牧(mu)。详求(qiu)厥义,其(qi)(qi)来夐矣(yi)。公和之(zhi)(zhi)居(ju)窟(ku)室,裳唯编草(cao),诫叔夜而(er)(er)(er)凝神鉴;威辇之(zhi)(zhi)处丛祠,衣无(wu)全帛,对(dui)子(zi)荆而(er)(er)(er)陈贞(zhen)则(ze)(ze):并灭景而(er)(er)(er)弗追,柳禽(qin)、尚平之(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)亚。夏(xia)统远迩称其(qi)(qi)孝(xiao)友,宗党高(gao)其(qi)(qi)谅(liang)直,歌(ge)《小(xiao)海》之(zhi)(zhi)曲。则(ze)(ze)伍胥犹存;固贞(zhen)石之(zhi)(zhi)心,则(ze)(ze)公闾(lv)尤愧(kui),时(shi)幸洛滨之(zhi)(zhi)观,信乎兹(zi)言。宋(song)纤幼怀远操,清规映拔,杨宣颂其(qi)(qi)画象,马岌叹其(qi)(qi)人龙(long),玄虚之(zhi)(zhi)号,实期为美。余之(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)子(zi),或(huo)移病而(er)(er)(er)去(qu)官(guan),或(huo)著论而(er)(er)(er)矫俗,或(huo)箕踞而(er)(er)(er)对(dui)时(shi)人,或(huo)弋钓而(er)(er)(er)栖衡(heng)泌,含和隐璞(pu),乘道(dao)(dao)匿辉,不屈(qu)其(qi)(qi)志,激清风于来叶者矣(yi)。

赞曰:厚秩(zhi)招累,修(xiu)名(ming)顺欲。确乎群(qun)士,超然绝俗。养(yang)粹岩(yan)阿,销声林曲。激贪(tan)止竞,永垂(chui)高躅。

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