晋书--载记第十一
慕容 慕容恪 阳骛 皇甫真
慕(mu)容(rong),字(zi)景(jing)茂,俊第三子也(ye)(ye)。初封(feng)中山王,寻立为(wei)(wei)(wei)太子。及俊死,群臣欲立慕(mu)容(rong)恪(ke),恪(ke)辞曰:“国有储君,非(fei)吾节也(ye)(ye)。”于是(shi)立。升平四年(nian),僭(jian)即(ji)皇帝(di)位(wei),大赦境内,改元曰建(jian)熙,立其(qi)母可(ke)足浑氏为(wei)(wei)(wei)皇太后。以慕(mu)容(rong)恪(ke)为(wei)(wei)(wei)太宰(zai)、录尚(shang)书,行周(zhou)公事;慕(mu)容(rong)评为(wei)(wei)(wei)太傅,副赞朝政;慕(mu)舆根为(wei)(wei)(wei)太师;慕(mu)容(rong)垂为(wei)(wei)(wei)河南大都督、征南将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、兗(yan)州(zhou)牧、荆州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),领护(hu)南蛮校尉,镇(zhen)梁(liang)国;孙希(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)安西(xi)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、并州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi);傅颜为(wei)(wei)(wei)护(hu)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun);其(qi)余封(feng)授各有差(cha)。
既庸弱,国事(shi)缘委之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)恪(ke)(ke)。慕舆根(gen)(gen)自(zi)恃勋旧,骄傲有(you)无上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,忌(ji)恪(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总朝权,将伺(si)隙(xi)(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乱,乃言(yan)(yan)于(yu)(yu)恪(ke)(ke)曰:“今主(zhu)上幼冲(chong),母后干政(zheng),殿下(xia)宜虑(lv)杨骏、诸葛元逊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变,思有(you)以(yi)自(zi)全(quan)。且定天下(xia)者,殿下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功也(ye),兄亡弟(di)及,先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成制(zhi),过山陵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,可(ke)(ke)废主(zhu)上为(wei)(wei)(wei)一国王,殿下(xia)践尊位(wei),以(yi)建(jian)大(da)燕无穷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庆。”恪(ke)(ke)曰:“公醉(zui)乎?何(he)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勃也(ye)!昔曹臧、吴(wu)札并于(yu)(yu)家难(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji),犹曰为(wei)(wei)(wei)君非(fei)吾(wu)节,况今储君嗣统,四海无虞,宰(zai)辅(fu)受(shou)遗,奈何(he)便有(you)私议!公忘先帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)乎?”根(gen)(gen)大(da)惧,陈谢而退。恪(ke)(ke)以(yi)告(gao)慕容(rong)(rong)垂,垂劝恪(ke)(ke)诛(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。恪(ke)(ke)曰:“今新遭(zao)大(da)凶,二虏伺(si)隙(xi)(xi),山陵(ling)(ling)未(wei)建(jian),而宰(zai)辅(fu)自(zi)相诛(zhu)灭(mie),恐乖远近之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,且可(ke)(ke)容(rong)(rong)忍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”根(gen)(gen)与左卫慕舆干潜谋诛(zhu)恪(ke)(ke)及评,因(yin)而纂位(wei)。入白(bai)可(ke)(ke)足浑(hun)氏(shi)及曰:“太(tai)宰(zai)、太(tai)傅(fu)将谋为(wei)(wei)(wei)乱,臣请率禁(jin)兵(bing)诛(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)安社稷。”可(ke)(ke)足浑(hun)氏(shi)将从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰:“二公国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲穆,先帝所托,终应无此,未(wei)必非(fei)太(tai)师(shi)将为(wei)(wei)(wei)乱也(ye)。”于(yu)(yu)是使其侍中皇(huang)甫真(zhen)、护军傅(fu)颜收根(gen)(gen)等,于(yu)(yu)禁(jin)中斩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),大(da)赦(she)境内(nei)。遣(qian)傅(fu)颜率骑二万观(guan)兵(bing)河南,临淮而还,军威(wei)甚盛。
初,俊所署(shu)宁南将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军吕(lv)护据野(ye)王(wang),阴(yin)通京(jing)师(shi),穆帝(di)以(yi)护为前将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军、冀州(zhou)刺史。俊死,谋引王(wang)师(shi)袭鄴,事(shi)觉(jue),使慕容恪等率(lv)众五万(wan)讨(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)。傅颜(yan)(yan)(yan)言于(yu)恪曰(yue):“护穷(qiong)寇(kou)假合(he),王(wang)师(shi)既(ji)临,则(ze)上下丧气,曾不敢规兵中路,展其(qi)(qi)螗(tang)良之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。此则(ze)士卒(zu)慑魂,败亡之(zhi)(zhi)验也(ye)。殿下前以(yi)广固(gu)天险,守易攻难,故(gu)为长久之(zhi)(zhi)策(ce)。今(jin)贼(zei)形便不与(yu)(yu)往(wang)同,宜(yi)急攻之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)省千(qian)(qian)金之(zhi)(zhi)费(fei)。”恪曰(yue):“护老贼(zei),经变多矣。观其(qi)(qi)为备(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)道,未易卒(zu)平。今(jin)圈之(zhi)(zhi)穷(qiong)城,樵(qiao)采路绝(jue),内无蓄积,外无强援,不过(guo)十旬,其(qi)(qi)毙(bi)必矣,何(he)必遽残(can)士卒(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)命而(er)(er)趣一时之(zhi)(zhi)利(li)哉!吾严浚围(wei)垒,休(xiu)养将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卒(zu),以(yi)重官美(mei)货间而(er)(er)离之(zhi)(zhi)。事(shi)淹势穷(qiong),其(qi)(qi)衅易动;我则(ze)未劳,而(er)(er)寇(kou)已毙(bi)。此为兵不血(xue)刃,坐以(yi)制胜(sheng)也(ye)。”遂列(lie)长围(wei)守之(zhi)(zhi)。护遣(qian)其(qi)(qi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)张兴率(lv)劲卒(zu)七千(qian)(qian)出战,傅颜(yan)(yan)(yan)击斩之(zhi)(zhi)。自三月至八月而(er)(er)野(ye)王(wang)溃,护南奔于(yu)晋(jin),悉降其(qi)(qi)众。寻复叛归于(yu),待之(zhi)(zhi)如初。因遣(qian)傅颜(yan)(yan)(yan)与(yu)(yu)护率(lv)众据河(he)阴(yin)。颜(yan)(yan)(yan)北(bei)袭敕勒,大获而(er)(er)还。护攻洛(luo)阳,中流(liu)矢而(er)(er)死。将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军段崇收军北(bei)渡,屯于(yu)野(ye)王(wang)。
遣(qian)其宁东慕容(rong)忠攻陷荥阳,又遣(qian)镇南(nan)慕容(rong)尘(chen)寇长平(ping)。时晋冠军(jun)将军(jun)陈祐戍洛阳,遣(qian)使请救,帝遣(qian)桓(huan)温援之。
兴宁初,复(fu)使慕(mu)容(rong)评寇许昌、悬(xuan)瓠(hu)、陈城,并陷(xian)之,遂略汝南诸郡,徙万(wan)余户于幽、冀。豫州刺史孙(sun)兴上(shang)疏,请(qing)步(bu)卒五千先图洛(luo)阳(yang)。纳之,遣其(qi)太(tai)宰司(si)马悦希军(jun)(jun)于盟津,孙(sun)兴分戍成皋,以(yi)为(wei)之声援(yuan)。寻而(er)陈祐率(lv)众奔陆浑,河南诸垒悉陷(xian)于希。慕(mu)容(rong)恪攻陷(xian)金墉,害扬威将军(jun)(jun)沈(shen)劲。以(yi)其(qi)左中郎将慕(mu)容(rong)筑为(wei)假节、征虏将军(jun)(jun)、洛(luo)州刺史,镇金墉,慕(mu)容(rong)垂为(wei)都督荆、扬、洛(luo)、徐、兗、豫、雍、益、梁(liang)、秦等十州诸军(jun)(jun)事、征南大将军(jun)(jun)、荆州牧(mu),配兵一(yi)万(wan),镇鲁阳(yang)。
时境内(nei)多水旱,慕(mu)容恪、慕(mu)容评(ping)并稽首(shou)归政(zheng)(zheng),请(qing)逊位(wei)还第,曰(yue):“臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朽暗(an),器非经(jing)国(guo),过荷(he)先帝(di)(di)(di)拔擢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en),又(you)蒙陛下殊常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遇,猥(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)轻才(cai),窃(qie)(qie)位(wei)宰(zai)(zai)录,不能上谐(xie)阴阳,下厘(li)庶(shu)政(zheng)(zheng),致使(shi)水旱愆(qian)和(he),彝伦失(shi)序,辕弱任重,夕惕唯(wei)忧。臣(chen)(chen)闻王者则(ze)天(tian)建国(guo),辨方正位(wei),司(si)(si)必(bi)量才(cai),官(guan)惟(wei)(wei)德(de)举。台(tai)傅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,参(can)理三(san)光,苟非其人,则(ze)灵曜为(wei)亏。尸禄贻殃,负乘招悔,由来(lai)常(chang)道(dao),未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或差。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姬旦(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勋圣,犹近则(ze)二(er)公(gong)(gong)不悦(yue),远则(ze)管、蔡(cai)流言,况臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)(deng)宠缘戚来(lai),荣非才(cai)授,而可(ke)久(jiu)点天(tian)官(guan),尘蔽贤(xian)路!是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中年拜(bai)表,披陈(chen)丹(dan)款。圣恩(en)齿旧,未(wei)忍(ren)遐弃,奄冉偷荣,愆(qian)责弥厚。自待罪鼎(ding)司(si)(si),岁余辰(chen)纪;忝冒宰(zai)(zai)衡,七载于兹。虽(sui)乃(nai)心经(jing)略(lve),而思不周务(wu),至(zhi)令二(er)方干纪,跋(ba)扈(hu)未(wei)庭,同文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咏(yong),有(you)惭盛(sheng)汉,深乖先帝(di)(di)(di)托付之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)规,甚违(wei)陛下垂拱(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。臣(chen)(chen)虽(sui)不敏,窃(qie)(qie)闻君子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,敢(gan)忘虞丘避贤(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei),辄循两疏知止之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分,谨送太(tai)宰(zai)(zai)、大司(si)(si)马、太(tai)傅、司(si)(si)徒(tu)章绶(shou),惟(wei)(wei)垂昭许。”曰(yue):“朕以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不天(tian),早(zao)倾乾(qian)覆,先帝(di)(di)(di)所(suo)(suo)托,唯(wei)在(zai)二(er)公(gong)(gong)。二(er)公(gong)(gong)懿亲硕德(de),勋高鲁(lu)、卫,翼赞王室(shi),辅导朕躬,宣慈惠和(he),坐而待旦(dan),虔诚夕惕,美(mei)亦至(zhi)矣(yi)。故能外(wai)扫群(qun)凶(xiong),内(nei)清九土(tu),四(si)海(hai)(hai)晏如,政(zheng)(zheng)和(he)时洽(qia)。虽(sui)宗(zong)庙社稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵,抑亦公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力也(ye)。今关右有(you)未(wei)宾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氐,江、吴(wu)有(you)遗烬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虏,方赖谋猷,混宁六合,岂宜虚己谦冲(chong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)违(wei)委任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重!王其割二(er)疏独(du)善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成公(gong)(gong)旦(dan)复衮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大。”恪、评(ping)等(deng)(deng)固(gu)请(qing)致政(zheng)(zheng),曰(yue):“夫建德(de)者必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)终善为(wei)名,佐命者则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)成为(wei)效。公(gong)(gong)与先帝(di)(di)(di)开(kai)构洪基,膺天(tian)明命,将(jiang)廓(kuo)夷群(qun)丑,绍复隆周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹。灾眚横(heng)流,乾(qian)光坠(zhui)曜。朕以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)眇躬,猥(wei)(wei)荷(he)大业,不能上成先帝(di)(di)(di)遗志(zhi),致使(shi)二(er)虏游魂,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)未(wei)成也(ye),岂宜冲(chong)退。且古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王者,不以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)下为(wei)荣,忧四(si)海(hai)(hai)若荷(he)担,然(ran)后(hou)仁(ren)让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风行(xing),则(ze)比屋而可(ke)封。今道(dao)化未(wei)纯,鲸鲵未(wei)殄,宗(zong)社之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,非唯(wei)朕身(shen),公(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)忧也(ye)。当思所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宁济兆(zhao)庶(shu),靖难敦风,垂美(mei)将(jiang)来(lai),侔踪周、汉,不宜崇饰(shi)常(chang)节,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)违(wei)至(zhi)公(gong)(gong)。”遂断其让(rang)表,恪、评(ping)等(deng)(deng)乃(nai)止。
钟律郎郭(guo)钦奏议以承(cheng)石季龙(long)水为木德,从(cong)之。
太和元年,遣抚(fu)军慕(mu)容厉(li)(li)攻晋太山太守(shou)诸(zhu)葛攸。攸奔于(yu)淮南,厉(li)(li)悉陷兗(yan)州诸(zhu)郡,置(zhi)守(shou)宰而(er)还。
慕容恪有疾,深虑政不在(zai)己,慕容评性多猜忌,大(da)司(si)马(ma)之位不能(neng)允授(shou)人(ren)望,乃召兄(xiong)乐安王(wang)臧(zang)谓(wei)之曰:“今劲秦跋扈,强(qiang)吴未宾(bin),二寇并怀进取,但患事之无(wu)由耳。夫(fu)安危在(zai)得人(ren),国(guo)兴(xing)在(zai)贤辅,若能(neng)推才(cai)任忠,和同宗(zong)盟,则四海(hai)不足图,二虏岂能(neng)为难哉!吾以(yi)常才(cai),受先帝(di)(di)顾托之重,每欲扫(sao)平关(guan)、陇,荡一瓯(ou)、吴,庶(shu)嗣(si)成先帝(di)(di)遗志,谢忧责于当(dang)年。而疾固弥留,恐此志不遂(sui),所以(yi)没有余(yu)(yu)恨(hen)也(ye)。吴王(wang)天资(zi)英杰,经略超(chao)时,司(si)马(ma)职统兵(bing)权,不可(ke)以(yi)失人(ren),吾终之后(hou),必以(yi)授(shou)之。若以(yi)亲疏次第,不以(yi)授(shou)汝,当(dang)以(yi)授(shou)冲。汝等虽才(cai)识明敏,然未堪多难,国(guo)家(jia)安危,实在(zai)于此,不可(ke)昧(mei)利忘忧,以(yi)致大(da)悔也(ye)。”又以(yi)告评。月(yue)余(yu)(yu)而死,其国(guo)中皆痛惜之。
先是,晋南阳督护赵弘以宛(wan)(wan)降于,遣(qian)其南中(zhong)郎将(jiang)赵盘(pan)自鲁(lu)阳戍宛(wan)(wan)。至此,晋右(you)将(jiang)军桓豁(huo)攻宛(wan)(wan),拔之(zhi),赵盘(pan)退奔鲁(lu)阳。豁(huo)遣(qian)轻骑(qi)追盘(pan),及(ji)于雉城,大战(zhan)败之(zhi),执(zhi)盘(pan),戍宛(wan)(wan)而归(gui)。
苻(fu)(fu)坚将苻(fu)(fu)謏(xiao)据陕,降于(yu)(yu)。时(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)图书云(yun)(yun):“燕马(ma)当饮渭水。”坚恐乘衅入关(guan)(guan),大惧,乃(nai)尽精锐(rui)以备华阴。群下议欲遣兵救謏(xiao),因图关(guan)(guan)右。慕(mu)容(rong)评素无(wu)经略,又受(shou)苻(fu)(fu)坚间货,沮议曰(yue):“秦(qin)虽(sui)有(you)(you)难,未易(yi)可图。朝廷(ting)虽(sui)明,岂(qi)如(ru)先帝(di),吾等经略,又非(fei)太宰(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匹,终(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)能(neng)平秦(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)可闭关(guan)(guan)息(xi)旅,保(bao)宁疆(jiang)埸足矣(yi)。”魏尹慕(mu)容(rong)德(de)上疏曰(yue):“先帝(di)应天(tian)(tian)顺时(shi)(shi),受(shou)命革(ge)代,方以文(wen)德(de)怀远,以一六合(he)。神功(gong)(gong)未就,奄忽升(sheng)遐。昔周文(wen)既没(mei),武王(wang)嗣(si)兴,伏惟(wei)陛(bi)(bi)下则(ze)天(tian)(tian)比德(de),揆圣齐功(gong)(gong),方阐崇乾(qian)基,纂成(cheng)先志。逆氐僭(jian)据关(guan)(guan)、陇,号同(tong)(tong)王(wang)者,恶积祸盈,自相疑戮,衅起萧墙,势(shi)分四(si)国,投城请援,旬日相寻,岂(qi)非(fei)凶运将终(zhong)(zhong),数归有(you)(you)道。兼弱攻昧,取(qu)乱侮亡,机之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)秦(qin)土四(si)分,可谓弱矣(yi)。时(shi)(shi)来(lai)运集(ji),天(tian)(tian)赞我也(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)与不(bu)取(qu),反受(shou)其(qi)殃。吴、越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鉴,我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宜应天(tian)(tian)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,建牧野(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旗。命皇(huang)甫(fu)真(zhen)引并、冀(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong),径趣蒲坂;臣垂(chui)引许、洛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵,驰(chi)解謏(xiao)围(wei);太傅(fu)总(zong)京都武旅,为(wei)二(er)军后(hou)继(ji)。飞(fei)檄三(san)辅,仁声先路(lu),获城即侯(hou),微功(gong)(gong)必(bi)赏(shang),此则(ze)郁概待时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雄(xiong),抱志未申(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杰(jie),必(bi)岳峙灞(ba)上,云(yun)(yun)屯陇下。天(tian)(tian)罗既张,内(nei)外势(shi)合(he),区区僭(jian)竖,不(bu)走则(ze)降,大同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举,今(jin)其(qi)时(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。愿陛(bi)(bi)下独断(duan)圣虑(lv),无(wu)访仁人。”览(lan)表大悦,将从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。评固(gu)执不(bu)许,乃(nai)止。苻(fu)(fu)謏(xiao)知评、之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)远略,恐救师弗至,乃(nai)笺于(yu)(yu)慕(mu)容(rong)垂(chui)、皇(huang)甫(fu)真(zhen)曰(yue):“苻(fu)(fu)坚、王(wang)猛(meng)皆人杰(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye),谋为(wei)燕患,为(wei)日久(jiu)矣(yi)。今(jin)若乘机不(bu)赴,恐燕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)臣将有(you)(you)甬东之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悔。”垂(chui)得书,私于(yu)(yu)真(zhen)曰(yue):“方为(wei)人患者必(bi)在于(yu)(yu)秦(qin),主上富于(yu)(yu)春秋,未能(neng)留心政事,观太傅(fu)度(du)略,岂(qi)能(neng)抗苻(fu)(fu)坚、王(wang)猛(meng)乎(hu)?”真(zhen)曰(yue):“然(ran),绕朝有(you)(you)云(yun)(yun),谋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)从可如(ru)何!”
仆射悦绾言于曰:“太(tai)宰政(zheng)尚宽和,百姓多有隐附(fu)。《传》曰,唯有德者可以(yi)宽临(lin)众(zhong),其次莫如猛。今诸军营户(hu),三分共(gong)贯,风教陵弊(bi),威纲不(bu)举,宜悉罢军封(feng),以(yi)实天(tian)府之饶,肃明(ming)法令,以(yi)清四海(hai)。”纳之。绾既定制,朝野震惊,出户(hu)二十(shi)余万(wan)。慕容评(ping)大(da)不(bu)平,寻贼绾,杀之。
晋大(da)(da)(da)司马桓温(wen)(wen)(wen)、江(jiang)州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)桓冲(chong)、豫州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)袁真(zhen)率(lv)众五万(wan)伐,前兗州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)孙元起兵(bing)应之(zhi)(zhi)。温(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)将(jiang)檀玄攻(gong)胡陆(lu),执(zhi)宁(ning)东(dong)慕容(rong)忠。遣其(qi)(qi)将(jiang)慕容(rong)厉与(yu)温(wen)(wen)(wen)战(zhan)于(yu)黄墟,厉师(shi)大(da)(da)(da)败,单马奔还。高平太守徐(xu)翻(fan)以郡归(gui)顺。温(wen)(wen)(wen)前锋硃序又破(po)将(jiang)傅颜于(yu)林(lin)渚,温(wen)(wen)(wen)军(jun)大(da)(da)(da)振,次于(yu)枋头。惧,谋奔和(he)龙(long)。慕容(rong)垂(chui)(chui)曰:“不然。臣请击(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),若(ruo)战(zhan)不捷,走未晚(wan)也。”乃(nai)以垂(chui)(chui)为使(shi)持节、南(nan)讨大(da)(da)(da)都(dou)督,慕容(rong)德为征南(nan)将(jiang)军(jun),率(lv)众五万(wan)距温(wen)(wen)(wen),使(shi)其(qi)(qi)散骑侍郎乐嵩乞师(shi)于(yu)苻坚(jian)(jian)。坚(jian)(jian)遣将(jiang)军(jun)苟(gou)池率(lv)众二万(wan),出自洛(luo)阳,师(shi)于(yu)颍川,外为赴援,内实观隙,有兼并(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)志矣(yi)。慕容(rong)德屯于(yu)石门,绝温(wen)(wen)(wen)粮漕。豫州(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)邦率(lv)州(zhou)兵(bing)五千断温(wen)(wen)(wen)馈运(yun)。温(wen)(wen)(wen)频战(zhan)不利(li),粮运(yun)复绝,及闻坚(jian)(jian)师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi),乃(nai)焚舟弃甲而退。德率(lv)劲骑四千,先温(wen)(wen)(wen)至(zhi)襄邑东(dong),伏于(yu)涧中,与(yu)垂(chui)(chui)前后夹击(ji),王师(shi)大(da)(da)(da)败,死者三万(wan)余人。苟(gou)池闻温(wen)(wen)(wen)班师(shi),邀击(ji)于(yu)谯,温(wen)(wen)(wen)众又败,死者万(wan)计。
垂(chui)既有大功,威德(de)弥振(zhen),慕容评(ping)(ping)素不平(ping)之。垂(chui)又言其将孙盖等(deng)摧锋(feng)陷(xian)锐(rui),宜论功超授,评(ping)(ping)寝而不录。垂(chui)数以为(wei)言,颇与评(ping)(ping)廷争。可足(zu)浑氏素恶垂(chui),毁其战功,遂与评(ping)(ping)谋杀(sha)垂(chui)。垂(chui)惧,奔于苻坚。
先是,使其(qi)黄门侍郎梁琛聘于(yu)(yu)(yu)坚。琛还,言于(yu)(yu)(yu)评曰:“秦(qin)扬兵讲武(wu),运(yun)粟陕(shan)东,以(yi)琛观之(zhi),无久(jiu)和之(zhi)理(li)。兼吴王(wang)西奔,必有(you)观衅之(zhi)计,深宜(yi)(yi)备(bei)之(zhi)。”评曰:“不(bu)然。秦(qin)岂可受(shou)吾叛(pan)臣(chen)而(er)不(bu)怀和好(hao)哉!”琛曰:“邻国(guo)(guo)相并(bing),有(you)自来矣。况今并(bing)称大号,理(li)无俱存。苻坚机明好(hao)断,纳(na)善(shan)如流。王(wang)猛有(you)王(wang)佐之(zhi)才,锐于(yu)(yu)(yu)进取。观其(qi)君臣(chen)相得,自谓(wei)千(qian)载一时。桓(huan)温不(bu)足为(wei)虑(lv),终(zhong)为(wei)人患者,其(qi)唯王(wang)猛乎?。、评不(bu)以(yi)为(wei)虞。皇甫真又(you)陈(chen)其(qi)事(shi)曰:“苻坚虽聘使相寻,托辅车(che)为(wei)谕,然抗均邻敌,势同战国(guo)(guo),明其(qi)甘于(yu)(yu)(yu)取利,无慕善(shan)之(zhi)心,终(zhong)不(bu)能守信存和,以(yi)崇久(jiu)要也。顷来行人累续,兼师出洛川,夷险要害(hai),具(ju)之(zhi)耳(er)目。观虚实以(yi)措奸(jian)图,听风尘而(er)伺国(guo)(guo)隙(xi)者,寇(kou)之(zhi)常也。又(you)吴王(wang)外奔,为(wei)之(zhi)谋主,伍(wu)员之(zhi)祸,不(bu)可不(bu)虑(lv)。洛阳、并(bing)州、壶(hu)关诸城(cheng),并(bing)宜(yi)(yi)增兵益守,以(yi)防未(wei)兆。”召评而(er)谋之(zhi)。评曰:“秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)小力弱,杖(zhang)我为(wei)援,且苻坚庶几(ji)善(shan)道,终(zhong)不(bu)纳(na)叛(pan)臣(chen)之(zhi)言。不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)轻自扰惧,以(yi)动寇(kou)心也。”从之(zhi)。
俄而(er)坚(jian)遣(qian)其(qi)将王猛率众(zhong)伐,攻慕容(rong)筑于(yu)金(jin)墉。遣(qian)慕容(rong)臧率众(zhong)救(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)。臧次荥(ying)阳,猛部(bu)将梁成、洛州刺史(shi)邓(deng)羌与(yu)臧战于(yu)石(shi)门,臧师败绩,死者万余,遂相持(chi)于(yu)石(shi)门。筑以救(jiu)(jiu)兵不(bu)至,以金(jin)墉降(jiang)于(yu)猛。梁成又败慕容(rong)臧,斩(zhan)首三千余级,获其(qi)将军杨璩,臧遂城新乐而(er)还。
桓温(wen)之败(bai)也(ye),归(gui)罪于豫州刺(ci)史袁真(zhen)。真(zhen)怒,以寿(shou)阳(yang)降,遣其大鸿胪温(wen)统署真(zhen)为使持节(jie)、散骑(qi)常侍(shi)、都(dou)督淮南诸军(jun)事、征南大将军(jun)、领护南蛮校尉(wei)、扬州刺(ci)史,封宣城公,未至而真(zhen)、统俱卒(zu)。真(zhen)党(dang)硃辅立真(zhen)子瑾为建(jian)威将军(jun)、豫州刺(ci)史,以固(gu)寿(shou)阳(yang)。
时外则王师及苻(fu)坚交侵,兵(bing)革不息;内则母(mu)乱政,评等贪冒,政以贿成,官非才举,群下切(qie)齿焉(yan)。其尚书左承申绍上疏曰:
臣闻汉宣有(you)言:“与朕共(gong)治天下者(zhe),其(qi)唯良二千石乎!”是以特重(zhong)此(ci)选(xuan),必妙(miao)尽英(ying)才,莫不(bu)(bu)拔自贡士(shi)(shi),历资内外,用能(neng)仁感猛兽,惠(hui)致群祥(xiang)。今(jin)者(zhe)守宰或(huo)擢自匹(pi)夫兵将之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),或(huo)因宠戚,藉(jie)缘时(shi)会(hui),非但无(wu)(wu)(wu)闻于州(zhou)闾,亦不(bu)(bu)经于朝(chao)廷。又(you)无(wu)(wu)(wu)考(kao)绩,黜陟幽明。贪惰为(wei)恶,无(wu)(wu)(wu)刑(xing)戮之(zhi)(zhi)惧;清勤(qin)奉法,无(wu)(wu)(wu)爵赏之(zhi)(zhi)勤(qin)。百姓(xing)穷弊,侵赇无(wu)(wu)(wu)已,兵士(shi)(shi)逋逃,乃(nai)相招为(wei)贼盗。风(feng)颓化替,莫相纠摄。且吏多则政(zheng)烦,由来常患。今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)见户,不(bu)(bu)过汉之(zhi)(zhi)一大郡,而备置百官,加之(zhi)(zhi)新(xin)立军(jun)号,兼重(zhong)有(you)过往时(shi)。虚假名(ming)位(wei),废弃农(nong)(nong)业,公私(si)驱扰,人无(wu)(wu)(wu)聊(liao)生。宜并官省职,务劝(quan)农(nong)(nong)桑。秦、吴二虏僻僭一时(shi),尚能(neng)任道捐情,肃谐伪部,况(kuang)大燕(yan)累圣(sheng)重(zhong)光,君临四海,而可美政(zheng)或(huo)亏,取陵奸(jian)寇哉!邻之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)善(shan),众(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)所望,我之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)修,彼之(zhi)(zhi)愿也。
秦、吴狡猾,地(di)居(ju)形胜(sheng),非唯守境而(er)已,乃(nai)有吞噬之(zhi)(zhi)心。中州丰实,户兼二(er)寇,弓马之(zhi)(zhi)劲,秦、晋所惮,云骑风驰,国之(zhi)(zhi)常也(ye),而(er)比赴敌后机,兵不(bu)速济者(zhe)何也(ye)?皆由赋法靡(mi)恆,役之(zhi)(zhi)非道(dao)。郡县守宰(zai)每于差(cha)调(diao)之(zhi)(zhi)际,无不(bu)舍(she)越殷强,首先(xian)贫弱(ruo),行留俱窘,资赡无所,人怀嗟怨(yuan),遂致奔(ben)亡,进阙供(gong)国之(zhi)(zhi)饶,退离蚕农之(zhi)(zhi)要。兵岂在多,贵于用命。宜严制(zhi)军科,务先(xian)饶复,习兵教(jiao)战,使偏伍(wu)有常,从(cong)戎之(zhi)(zhi)外,足营(ying)私业,父兄(xiong)有陟(zhi)岵之(zhi)(zhi)观,子弟怀孔尔之(zhi)(zhi)顾,虽赴水火,何所不(bu)从(cong)!
节俭约费,先王格谟;去华敦仆,哲后恆宪。故周公(gong)戒成王以(yi)(yi)啬财为(wei)本,汉(han)文以(yi)(yi)皁帏变俗,孝景(jing)宫人(ren)弗过千(qian)余,魏武(wu)宠(chong)赐不盈十万(wan),薄葬(zang)不坟,俭以(yi)(yi)率下,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)割肌肤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惠,全百(bai)姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力。谨案后宫四千(qian)有余,僮侍厮养通(tong)兼十倍,日费之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,价盈万(wan)金(jin),绮縠罗(luo)纨(wan),岁(sui)增常调,戎器弗营,奢玩是务。今帑藏虚竭,军士(shi)无襜褕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赍,宰相侯王迭以(yi)(yi)侈丽相尚(shang),风(feng)靡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化,积习成俗,卧新之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谕,未足甚焉。宜罢浮华非(fei)要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)设,峻(jun)明婚姻丧葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)条,禁绝奢靡浮烦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),出倾宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女,均商农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赋。公(gong)卿以(yi)(yi)下以(yi)(yi)四海(hai)为(wei)家,信(xin)赏必罚,纲维肃举者,温、猛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首可(ke)悬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)旗,秦(qin)、吴二主(zhu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)归(gui)命,岂(qi)唯不复侵寇而巳(si)哉!陛下若(ruo)不远追汉(han)宗弋绨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模,近崇先帝(di)补(bu)衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,臣恐颓风(feng)弊俗亦(yi)革变靡途,中兴(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌无以(yi)(yi)轸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纟(mi)玄咏。
又拓宇兼并,不在一(yi)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地;控制戎夷者,怀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)德。令鲁阳、上郡重山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),云阴(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北,四百有余,而未可(ke)以(yi)羁(ji)服塞表,为平寇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji),徒(tu)孤危托落,令善附内(nei)骇。宜摄就并、豫(yu),以(yi)临(lin)二河,通接(jie)漕毂,拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丘(qiu)后(hou);重晋阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戍,增(zeng)南籓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵,战守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)备(bei),炫以(yi)千金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饵(er),蓄(xu)力待时,可(ke)一(yi)举而灭。如其虔刘送死,俟入境而断之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)令匹马(ma)不反。非唯绝(jue)二贼窥窬,乃是(shi)戡(kan)殄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao),惟陛(bi)下览焉。
不纳。
苻(fu)坚又使(shi)王猛、杨安率(lv)众(zhong)伐,猛攻(gong)壶关,安攻(gong)晋阳。使(shi)慕(mu)容评等率(lv)中外精卒四十余万(wan)距(ju)之(zhi)。猛、安进师(shi)潞川。州郡(jun)盗(dao)贼大(da)起,鄴(ye)中多怪异,忧惧不(bu)知(zhi)所为,乃(nai)召(zhao)其(qi)使(shi)而问曰(yue)(yue):“秦(qin)众(zhong)何如?今大(da)师(shi)既出,猛等能(neng)战不(bu)?”或(huo)对(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“秦(qin)国小兵弱,岂王师(shi)之(zhi)敌(di),景(jing)略常才,又非(fei)(fei)太(tai)傅之(zhi)匹,不(bu)足(zu)忧也。”黄门待郎(lang)梁琛、中书侍郎(lang)乐(le)嵩进曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)然。兵书之(zhi)义,计(ji)敌(di)能(neng)斗(dou),当(dang)以算(suan)取之(zhi)。若冀敌(di)不(bu)斗(dou),非(fei)(fei)万(wan)全之(zhi)道也。庆郑有(you)云:‘秦(qin)众(zhong)虽(sui)少,战士倍我(wo)。’众(zhong)之(zhi)多少,非(fei)(fei)可问也。且秦(qin)行(xing)师(shi)千(qian)里(li),固(gu)战是求,何不(bu)战之(zhi)有(you)乎!”不(bu)悦。
猛与评(ping)(ping)等相持。评(ping)(ping)以(yi)(yi)猛悬军远入,利在速战(zhan)(zhan),议以(yi)(yi)持久(jiu)制(zhi)之(zhi)。猛乃遣其将郭庆率骑(qi)五(wu)(wu)千,夜从间道(dao)起火(huo)高山,烧评(ping)(ping)辎重,火(huo)见鄴中。评(ping)(ping)性贪鄙,鄣固山泉(quan),卖(mai)樵鬻(yu)水,积钱绢如丘陵,三军莫(mo)有斗志。遣其侍中兰伊让评(ping)(ping)曰:“王(wang)(wang),高祖之(zhi)子也(ye),宜(yi)以(yi)(yi)宗庙社稷为(wei)(wei)忧,奈何不务抚养勋劳,专以(yi)(yi)聚敛为(wei)(wei)心乎!府藏之(zhi)珍货,朕岂(qi)与王(wang)(wang)爱之(zhi)!若寇军冒进,王(wang)(wang)持钱帛安(an)(an)所置(zhi)也(ye)!皮(pi)之(zhi)不存(cun),毛将安(an)(an)傅!钱帛可散(san)之(zhi)三军,以(yi)(yi)平(ping)寇凯旋为(wei)(wei)先也(ye)。”评(ping)(ping)惧(ju)而与猛战(zhan)(zhan)于潞川,评(ping)(ping)师(shi)大败,死者五(wu)(wu)万余(yu)人(ren),评(ping)(ping)等单(dan)骑(qi)遁还。猛遂长驱(qu)至鄴,坚复率众十(shi)万会猛攻。
先是,慕容(rong)桓以(yi)众万余屯于(yu)沙亭,为评(ping)等后(hou)继。闻评(ping)败,引(yin)屯内黄(huang)。坚(jian)遣(qian)将(jiang)邓羌攻信都,桓率(lv)鲜(xian)卑五千退保(bao)和龙(long)。散骑侍郎徐蔚等率(lv)扶余、高句(ju)丽(li)及上(shang)党(dang)质子(zi)五百(bai)余人,夜开(kai)城门(men)以(yi)纳(na)坚(jian)军(jun)。与评(ping)等数十骑奔于(yu)昌黎。坚(jian)遣(qian)郭庆(qing)追及于(yu)高阳,坚(jian)将(jiang)巨武执,将(jiang)缚之(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue):“汝(ru)何小人而缚天(tian)子(zi)!”武曰(yue):“我梁山(shan)巨武,受诏缚贼,何谓(wei)天(tian)子(zi)邪!”遂(sui)送(song)于(yu)坚(jian)。坚(jian)诘其奔状,曰(yue):“狐死首(shou)丘,欲(yu)归死于(yu)先人坟墓耳(er)!”坚(jian)哀(ai)而释之(zhi)(zhi),令还宫率(lv)文武出降(jiang)。郭庆(qing)遂(sui)追评(ping)、桓子(zi)和龙(long)。桓杀其镇东慕容(rong)亮而并其众,攻其辽东太守韩稠于(yu)平(ping)川。郭庆(qing)遣(qian)将(jiang)军(jun)硃嶷击桓,执而送(song)之(zhi)(zhi)。
坚(jian)徙及其王公(gong)已(yi)下并鲜卑四(si)万(wan)余户(hu)于(yu)长安(an),封新兴侯,署为尚(shang)书(shu)。坚(jian)征寿春(chun),以为平南将军、别部都督(du)。淮南之(zhi)败,随坚(jian)还长安(an)。既而(er)慕容(rong)垂(chui)攻苻丕于(yu)鄴(ye),慕容(rong)冲(chong)起兵关中,谋杀坚(jian)以应之(zhi),事发,为坚(jian)所诛,时年三(san)十(shi)五。及德僭称(cheng)尊号,伪谥(shi)幽皇帝(di)。
始廆以武帝太(tai)康(kang)六(liu)年(nian)称公(gong),至四世。在位(wei)一十一年(nian),以海西公(gong)太(tai)和五(wu)年(nian)灭,通廆、皝凡(fan)八十五(wu)年(nian)。
慕容(rong)(rong)恪(ke),字玄恭,皝(huang)之第四子也。幼(you)而(er)谨(jin)厚,沈深有大度。母高(gao)氏(shi)无宠(chong),皝(huang)未之奇也。年十五,身长八尺七寸,容(rong)(rong)貌(mao)魁杰(jie),雄毅严(yan)重(zhong),每所(suo)(suo)言及,辄经纶(lun)世(shi)务,皝(huang)始(shi)异焉,乃授之以(yi)兵。数从皝(huang)征伐(fa)(fa),临机多奇策。使镇辽东,甚有威惠。高(gao)句丽惮之,不敢为寇。皝(huang)使恪(ke)与俊(jun)俱伐(fa)(fa)夫(fu)余,俊(jun)居中指授而(er)已(yi),恪(ke)身当(dang)矢(shi)石(shi),推锋而(er)进,所(suo)(suo)向辄溃。
皝将终,谓俊(jun)曰(yue):“今中(zhong)(zhong)原未(wei)一(yi),方建大(da)事,恪(ke)(ke)智勇俱济(ji),汝其委之。”及俊(jun)嗣位(wei),弥加(jia)亲任。累战有大(da)功,封太原王,拜侍中(zhong)(zhong)、假节、大(da)都督、录尚书(shu)。俊(jun)寝疾,引恪(ke)(ke)与(yu)慕容评属(shu)以后事。及之世,总摄朝权(quan)。初,建鄴闻俊(jun)死,曰(yue):“中(zhong)(zhong)原可图(tu)矣。”桓(huan)温曰(yue):“慕容恪(ke)(ke)尚存,所忧方为(wei)大(da)耳(er)。”
慕舆根(gen)之(zhi)就(jiu)诛也,内外危惧。恪容(rong)止如常(chang),神色自若(ruo),出入(ru)往还(hai),一人(ren)步从。或有谏之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),恪曰(yue):“人(ren)情(qing)怀(huai)惧,且当自安以靖(jing)之(zhi)。吾复不(bu)(bu)安,则众何瞻仰哉!”于是人(ren)心稍定。恪虚(xu)襟待物,咨询(xun)善(shan)道,量才处任,使人(ren)不(bu)(bu)逾位。朝(chao)廷谨(jin)肃,进(jin)止有常(chang)度,虽执权政,每事必咨之(zhi)于评(ping)。罢朝(chao)归第,则尽心色养,手(shou)不(bu)(bu)释卷。其(qi)百僚有过(guo),未(wei)尝显之(zhi),自是庶(shu)僚化德,稀有犯者(zhe)(zhe)。
恪(ke)之图洛阳也,秦中(zhong)大(da)震,苻坚(jian)亲将以(yi)备潼关,军回乃定。恪(ke)为将不(bu)尚威严,专(zhuan)以(yi)恩信御物,务于(yu)大(da)略,不(bu)以(yi)小(xiao)令(ling)劳众。军士有犯(fan)(fan)法,密纵舍(she)之,捕斩贼首以(yi)令(ling)军。营内不(bu)整似可犯(fan)(fan),而防御甚严,终无丧败(bai)。
临终(zhong),亲临问以(yi)后事(shi),恪曰:“臣闻报恩莫大荐士,板筑犹可,而(er)况国之懿籓(fan)!吴王文(wen)武兼(jian)才(cai),管、萧之亚,陛下若任之以(yi)政,国其少安。不然(ran),臣恐二(er)寇必有窥窬之计。”言终(zhong)而(er)死。
阳(yang)骛,字(zi)士秋(qiu)(qiu),右北(bei)平无终(zhong)人也。父耽,仕(shi)廆,官至东夷校尉。骛少清素好(hao)学,器识(shi)沈远(yuan)。起(qi)家为平州别驾,屡献安时强(qiang)国(guo)之(zhi)术,事(shi)多纳用(yong),廆甚(shen)奇之(zhi)。皝(huang)即(ji)王位(wei),迁左长史。东西征伐,参谋帏幄(wo)。皝(huang)临终(zhong)谓俊曰:“阳(yang)士秋(qiu)(qiu)忠(zhong)干(gan)贞固,可托付大(da)事(shi),汝善待之(zhi)。”俊之(zhi)将图中原也,骛制(zhi)胜之(zhi)功亚于慕(mu)容恪。既(ji)嗣(si)伪位(wei),申以(yi)(yi)师傅之(zhi)礼,亲遇日隆。及为太(tai)尉,慨然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)叹(tan)曰:“昔常(chang)林、徐邈先代(dai)名臣(chen),犹(you)以(yi)(yi)鼎足任重而(er)(er)(er)终(zhong)辞三事(shi)。以(yi)(yi)吾虚薄,何德以(yi)(yi)堪之(zhi)!固求罢职,言(yan)甚(shen)垦至,优答不(bu)许(xu)。骛清贞谦谨,老而(er)(er)(er)弥笃,既(ji)以(yi)(yi)宿望旧齿,自(zi)慕(mu)容恪已(yi)下莫不(bu)毕拜。性俭约,常(chang)乘(cheng)弊车瘠马,及死,无敛(lian)财。
皇甫真,字(zi)楚季,安定朝那人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。弱冠,以高(gao)才,廆拜为辽东国侍郎。皝嗣(si)位,迁平(ping)州别驾。时内难(nan)连(lian)年,百姓劳(lao)瘁,真议(yi)欲宽减岁赋,休息力役。不合(he)旨,免官。后以破麻秋之功(gong),拜奉车都督,守(shou)辽东、营丘二(er)郡太守(shou),皆有(you)善政。及俊(jun)僭(jian)位,入为典书令。后从慕(mu)容(rong)评攻拔鄴都,珍货(huo)充溢(yi),真一无(wu)所取,唯存恤人(ren)(ren)物,收图籍而已(yi)。俊(jun)临终,与慕(mu)容(rong)恪等俱受顾托。
慕舆根将(jiang)谋为(wei)乱,真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)阴(yin)察(cha)知之(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)言(yan)于(yu)恪(ke)(ke),请除之(zhi)(zhi)。恪(ke)(ke)未忍显其(qi)事。俄而根谋发伏(fu)诛,恪(ke)(ke)谢(xie)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)曰:“不(bu)(bu)从君(jun)言(yan),几(ji)成祸败。”吕(lv)护之(zhi)(zhi)叛,恪(ke)(ke)谋于(yu)朝(chao)曰:“远人不(bu)(bu)服,修文(wen)德(de)以(yi)来之(zhi)(zhi)。今护宜(yi)(yi)以(yi)恩(en)诏(zhao)降乎,不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)以(yi)兵(bing)戈取(qu)(qu)也(ye)?”真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)曰:“护九年之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)三背王命,揆其(qi)奸心,凶勃未已。明公方饮马江、湘,勒铭剑阁,况(kuang)护蕞尔近几(ji)而不(bu)(bu)枭戮,宜(yi)(yi)以(yi)兵(bing)算取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)可复(fu)以(yi)文(wen)檄喻也(ye)。”恪(ke)(ke)从之(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)为(wei)冠军(jun)将(jiang)军(jun)、别部都督。师还(hai),拜镇(zhen)西将(jiang)军(jun)、并州刺史(shi),领护匈奴(nu)中郎将(jiang)。征(zheng)还(hai),拜侍中、光(guang)禄大(da)夫,累迁太(tai)尉、侍中。
苻(fu)坚密谋兼并(bing),欲观审衅隙,乃(nai)遣(qian)其西戎主簿郭辩(bian)(bian)潜结匈(xiong)奴(nu)左贤王曹毂,令(ling)毂遣(qian)使诣鄴,辩(bian)(bian)因从之(zhi)。真(zhen)兄(xiong)典仕(shi)苻(fu)坚为散骑常侍,从子奋(fen)、覆并(bing)显关西。辩(bian)(bian)既至(zhi)鄴,历造公卿,言于真(zhen)曰(yue):“辩(bian)(bian)家为秦所诛,故寄命曹王,贵兄(xiong)常侍及奋(fen)、覆兄(xiong)弟并(bing)相(xiang)知在素(su)。”真(zhen)怒(nu)曰(yue):“臣无(wu)境外(wai)之(zhi)交,斯言何以(yi)及我!君似奸人,得无(wu)因缘假托乎!”乃(nai)白(bai)请穷诘之(zhi),、评(ping)不许。辩(bian)(bian)还(hai)谓坚曰(yue):“燕朝无(wu)纲纪,实可图之(zhi)。鉴机识变(bian),唯皇甫真(zhen)耳。”坚曰(yue):“以(yi)六(liu)州之(zhi)地,岂无(wu)智识士一人哉!真(zhen)亦秦人,而燕用之(zhi),固知关西多君子矣。”
真性清俭寡欲(yu),不营产业(ye),饮(yin)酒(jiu)至石余不乱,雅好属文,凡著诗赋四十余篇(pian)。
王猛入(ru)(ru)鄴,真望(wang)马首拜(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)。明日更见,语乃卿(qing)(qing)猛。猛曰(yue):“昨拜(bai)今卿(qing)(qing),何恭慢之(zhi)(zhi)相违也?”真答曰(yue):“卿(qing)(qing)昨为(wei)贼(zei),朝是国士,吾拜(bai)贼(zei)而卿(qing)(qing)国士,何所怪也?”猛大(da)嘉之(zhi)(zhi),谓权翼曰(yue):“皇甫真故大(da)器也。”从(cong)坚入(ru)(ru)关,为(wei)奉车都尉,数岁而死。
史(shi)臣曰:观夫(fu)北阴(yin)衍气,丑(chou)虏汇生,隔(ge)阂(he)诸(zhu)华,声教莫之(zhi)(zhi)渐,雄据殊壤,贪悍成(cheng)其(qi)俗,先叛后服,盖常性也。自当涂紊(wen)纪,典午握符,推亡之(zhi)(zhi)功,掩(yan)岷、吴而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)可录(lu),御远之(zhi)(zhi)策,怀戎狄而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)犹漏。慕容廆英姿伟量,是曰边豪,衅迹奸图,实惟乱首(shou)。何者?无名而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)举,表深(shen)讥于鲁册(ce);象龚致(zhi)罚,昭大训(xun)于姚典。况(kuang)乎放命挻(shan)祸,距战(zhan)发其(qi)狼心;剽邑屠城,略(lve)地骋(cheng)其(qi)蝥贼。既而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)二帝遘平(ping)阳之(zhi)(zhi)酷,按(an)兵窥运(yun);五(wu)铎启金(jin)陵之(zhi)(zhi)祚,率礼称籓。勤王之(zhi)(zhi)诚,当君危而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)未立;匡(kuang)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)节,俟国泰而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)将徇。适所谓相时而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)动,岂素蓄之(zhi)(zhi)款战(zhan)!然其(qi)制敌多权,临下以惠,劝(quan)农桑,敦(dun)地利,任(ren)贤士(shi),该(gai)时杰,故能恢一(yi)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)业,创累叶之(zhi)(zhi)基焉(yan)。
元(yuan)真体貌不(bu)恆,暗(an)符天表,沈毅自处,颇怀奇(qi)略。于(yu)时群雄角立,争夺(duo)在辰,显宗(zong)主祭于(yu)冲年,庾亮窃政于(yu)元(yuan)舅,朝纲(gang)不(bu)振,天步孔艰,遂得据已成之(zhi)(zhi)资,乘土崩(beng)之(zhi)(zhi)会。扬(yang)兵南矛骛,则乌丸卷甲;建旆东征,则宇文摧阵。乃(nai)负险(xian)自固,恃(shi)胜(sheng)而骄,端拱(gong)称王,不(bu)待朝命,昔(xi)郑武职居三(san)事,爵(jue)不(bu)改(gai)伯;齐桓绩(ji)宣九合,位止为(wei)侯。瞻(zhan)曩(nang)烈而功微,征前经而礼缛,溪壑难满,此之(zhi)(zhi)谓乎?
宣英文武兼优(you),加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)以机断(duan),因石氏之(zhi)(zhi)衅(xin),首图中(zhong)原,燕士协(xie)其(qi)(qi)筹,冀马为其(qi)(qi)用,一战而平巨寇,再举而拔坚城,气詟傍邻,威加(jia)边(bian)服(fu)。便谓深功(gong)被物,天数(shu)在躬,遽窃鸿名,偷安宝录。犹将(jiang)席卷(juan)京洛,肆(si)其(qi)(qi)蚁(yi)聚之(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu);宰割黎元,纵其(qi)(qi)鲸吞之(zhi)(zhi)势(shi)。使(shi)江(jiang)左(zuo)疲于奔命,职此之(zhi)(zhi)由。非夫天厌素灵而启异类,不然者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)锋何以若(ruo)斯!
景茂庸(yong)材,不(bu)亲厥(jue)务,贤(xian)辅攸赖,逆臣挫谋,于是陷金墉而(er)款河南,包铜城而(er)临(lin)漠(mo)北,西秦劲(jing)卒顿函(han)关而(er)不(bu)进,东(dong)夏遗(yi)黎企(qi)鄴宫而(er)授首(shou)。当此之(zhi)时也(ye),凶(xiong)威转炽。及(ji)玄恭即世,虐媪乱(luan)朝。垂以(yi)(yi)勋德(de)不(bu)容,评以(yi)(yi)黩(du)货干政,志士绝忠贞(zhen)之(zhi)路,谗人(ren)袭(xi)交(jiao)乱(luan)之(zhi)风。轻邻(lin)反(fan)速其咎,御敌罕修其备,以(yi)(yi)携离之(zhi)众,抗敢死之(zhi)师。锋镝未交(jiao),白沟沦境;冲輣(peng)暂拟,紫陌成(cheng)墟(xu)。是知由余出而(er)戎亡,子(zi)常升而(er)郢覆,终于身(shen)死异域,智(zhi)不(bu)自全(quan),吉凶(xiong)惟(wei)人(ren),良(liang)所(suo)谓(wei)也(ye)。
赞曰:青山徙构(gou),玄塞分疆。蠢兹杂种,奕(yi)世弥昌。角(jiao)端掩月,步摇翻霜。乘危猥起,怙险鸱张。假窃神器,凭陵帝(di)乡。守(shou)不以德,终致余殃。
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