晋书--载记第二十六
秃(tu)发(fa)(fa)乌孤(gu)(gu) 秃(tu)发(fa)(fa)利鹿孤(gu)(gu) 秃(tu)发(fa)(fa) 傉檀
秃(tu)发(fa)乌孤(gu)(gu),河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)鲜(xian)卑人也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)先与后(hou)魏同出。八世祖匹孤(gu)(gu)率其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)部自塞(sai)北(bei)迁于(yu)(yu)河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)东至(zhi)麦田、牵屯,西(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)湿罗(luo),南(nan)至(zhi)浇河(he),北(bei)接大(da)漠。匹孤(gu)(gu)卒,子寿(shou)阗(tian)立。初,寿(shou)阗(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在孕,母胡掖氏(shi)(shi)因寝(qin)而(er)产于(yu)(yu)被中(zhong)(zhong),鲜(xian)卑谓被为(wei)“秃(tu)发(fa)”,因而(er)氏(shi)(shi)焉。寿(shou)阗(tian)卒,孙树机能立,壮果多谋略。泰(tai)始中(zhong)(zhong),杀(sha)秦州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)胡烈于(yu)(yu)万斛(hu)堆,败凉州刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)苏(su)愉于(yu)(yu)金山,尽有凉州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),武帝为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旰食。后(hou)为(wei)马隆所败,部下杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以降。从弟务(wu)丸立。死(si),孙推斤立。死(si),子思复(fu)鞬(jian)立,部众稍盛。乌孤(gu)(gu)即思复(fu)鞬(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子也(ye)。及(ji)嗣位,务(wu)农桑(sang),修邻好。吕光遣(qian)使署为(wei)假(jia)节、冠军大(da)将军、河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)鲜(xian)卑大(da)都统、广武县侯。乌孤(gu)(gu)谓诸将曰(yue)(yue):“吕氏(shi)(shi)远来假(jia)授(shou),当可受(shou)不?”众咸曰(yue)(yue):“吾士(shi)众不少,何(he)故属人!”乌孤(gu)(gu)将从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)将石真若(ruo)留(liu)曰(yue)(yue):“今本根(gen)未固,理宜(yi)随时。光德(de)刑修明(ming),境内(nei)无虞(yu),若(ruo)致死(si)于(yu)(yu)我者,大(da)小不敌,后(hou)虽悔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无所及(ji)也(ye)。不如受(shou)而(er)遵养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又(you)待其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)衅耳。”乌孤(gu)(gu)乃(nai)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
乌(wu)(wu)(wu)孤(gu)讨乙弗、折掘二部(bu),大(da)(da)(da)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遣其将(jiang)石亦(yi)干筑(zhu)廉川(chuan)堡以都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乌(wu)(wu)(wu)孤(gu)登(deng)廉川(chuan)大(da)(da)(da)山,泣而不言。石亦(yi)干进曰(yue):“臣闻主(zhu)忧臣辱,主(zhu)辱臣死,大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)所为不乐者,将(jiang)非吕光(guang)(guang)乎!光(guang)(guang)年(nian)已(yi)衰老,师(shi)徒屡(lv)败。今我以士(shi)马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛,保(bao)据大(da)(da)(da)川(chuan),乃可以一(yi)击百,光(guang)(guang)何(he)足惧也。”乌(wu)(wu)(wu)孤(gu)曰(yue):“光(guang)(guang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰老,亦(yi)吾(wu)所知。但我祖宗以德怀远,殊俗(su)惮威(wei),卢陵、契汗万里委顺。及吾(wu)承业(ye),诸部(bu)背叛,迩(er)既乖违,远何(he)以附,所以泣耳。”其将(jiang)苻浑(hun)曰(yue):“大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)何(he)不振旅(lv)誓众,以讨其罪(zui)。”乌(wu)(wu)(wu)孤(gu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),大(da)(da)(da)破诸部(bu)。吕光(guang)(guang)封乌(wu)(wu)(wu)孤(gu)广武郡(jun)公。又讨意云鲜卑,大(da)(da)(da)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
光又(you)遣(qian)使(shi)(shi)署乌(wu)孤(gu)征南大将军、益(yi)州牧、左贤王(wang)。乌(wu)孤(gu)谓(wei)使(shi)(shi)者曰:“吕(lv)王(wang)昔以(yi)专征之威(wei),遂有(you)此州,不(bu)能以(yi)德(de)柔远,惠安(an)黎庶。诸子贪淫,三甥(sheng)肆暴,郡县土(tu)崩,下无(wu)生赖。吾安(an)可违(wei)天下之心,受(shou)不(bu)义之爵!帝王(wang)之起(qi),岂有(you)常哉!无(wu)道则(ze)灭,有(you)德(de)则(ze)昌,吾将顺天人之望,为天下主。”留其(qi)鼓(gu)吹羽仪,谢其(qi)使(shi)(shi)而(er)遣(qian)之。
隆安元(yuan)年(nian),自(zi)称(cheng)大(da)(da)都(dou)督、大(da)(da)将军(jun)、大(da)(da)单于(yu)、西(xi)平(ping)王(wang),赦其境内(nei),年(nian)号(hao)太初。曜(yao)兵广武(wu)(wu)(wu),攻克金城(cheng)。光遣将军(jun)窦(dou)苟来(lai)伐(fa),战(zhan)于(yu)街(jie)亭,大(da)(da)败之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。降光乐都(dou)、湟河(he)、浇河(he)三(san)郡,岭(ling)南羌胡(hu)数(shu)万(wan)落皆附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。光将杨(yang)轨、王(wang)乞基(ji)率(lv)户(hu)数(shu)千来(lai)奔。乌孤更称(cheng)武(wu)(wu)(wu)威王(wang)。后(hou)三(san)岁,徙于(yu)乐都(dou),署(shu)弟利鹿孤为骠骑大(da)(da)将军(jun)、西(xi)平(ping)公,镇安夷,傉檀为车骑大(da)(da)将军(jun)、广武(wu)(wu)(wu)公,镇西(xi)平(ping)。以(yi)杨(yang)轨为宾(bin)客。金石生、时连珍,四(si)夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豪隽;阴训、郭(guo)倖,西(xi)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德望;杨(yang)统、杨(yang)贞(zhen)、卫殷、麹丞明、郭(guo)黄、郭(guo)奋、史暠、鹿嵩(song),文武(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀杰(jie);梁(liang)昶(chang)、韩疋、张昶(chang)、郭(guo)韶,中州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才令;金树、薛翘、赵振、王(wang)忠、赵晁、苏霸,秦(qin)雍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)门,皆内(nei)居显位,外宰郡县。官方授才,咸(xian)得其所。
乌孤(gu)从容谓其(qi)(qi)(qi)群下曰:“陇右(you)(you)区区数(shu)郡地耳!因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)乱,分(fen)裂遂至(zhi)十(shi)余。乾归擅命河南,段业(ye)(ye)阻兵(bing)张掖,虐(nve)氐假息,偷据姑臧。吾藉父(fu)兄遣(qian)烈。思郭清西(xi)夏。兼弱攻昧,三者何(he)先(xian)?”杨统(tong)进曰:“乾归本我所部,终必(bi)归服。段业(ye)(ye)儒生,才非经世,权臣擅命,制(zhi)不由已(yi),千里(li)伐人(ren),粮运悬绝,且与(yu)我邻(lin)好,许以分(fen)灾(zai)共患,乘(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)危(wei)弊,非义举也。吕光衰老(lao),嗣绍冲暗(an),二(er)子纂(zuan)、弘(hong),虽颇有文武,而内相猜(cai)忌。若天(tian)威临之(zhi),必(bi)应(ying)锋(feng)瓦(wa)解。宜遣(qian)车(che)骑(qi)镇(zhen)浩亹,镇(zhen)北据廉川,乘(cheng)虚(xu)迭出(chu),多(duo)方(fang)以误(wu)之(zhi),救右(you)(you)则(ze)(ze)击(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)左,救左则(ze)(ze)击(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)右(you)(you),使纂(zuan)疲于奔命,人(ren)不得安其(qi)(qi)(qi)农业(ye)(ye)。兼弱攻昧,于是(shi)乎(hu)在,不出(chu)二(er)年,可以坐定(ding)姑臧。姑臧既拔,二(er)寇不待兵(bing)戈,自然(ran)服矣。”乌孤(gu)然(ran)之(zhi),遂阴有吞并之(zhi)志。
段业为吕纂(zuan)所侵,遣利鹿孤(gu)救之。纂(zuan)惧,烧(shao)氐池、张掖谷(gu)麦而还。以利鹿孤(gu)为凉州牧,镇西(xi)平,追傉檀入录府国事(shi)。
是岁,乌孤因酒坠(zhui)马伤(shang)胁,笑曰:“几使吕光父(fu)子大喜。”俄而患甚,顾谓群下曰:“方难未静,宜(yi)立长君。”言终而死,在(zai)王位(wei)三年,伪谥武王,庙号烈祖。弟利鹿(lu)孤立。
利鹿孤以隆安三年即伪(wei)位,赦(she)其境内(nei)殊死已(yi)下,又徙居(ju)于西平。使(shi)记室监(jian)麹梁明(ming)聘于段(duan)业(ye)。业(ye)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“贵主先王创业(ye)启运,功(gong)高先世(shi),宜为国之(zhi)太祖,有(you)子(zi)何以不(bu)立(li)?”梁明(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)子(zi)羌(qiang)奴(nu),先王之(zhi)命也。”业(ye)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“昔成王弱龄,周召作宰;汉昭八岁,金、霍夹辅。虽嗣子(zi)冲幼,而二叔休(xiu)明(ming),左(zuo)提(ti)右挈,不(bu)亦(yi)可(ke)乎(hu)?”明(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“宋(song)宣能以国让,《春秋》美(mei)之(zhi);孙伯符委事(shi)仲谋,终开有(you)吴之(zhi)业(ye)。且兄终弟(di)及,殷汤之(zhi)制(zhi)也,亦(yi)圣人之(zhi)格言,万代之(zhi)通式,何必胤已(yi)为是,绍兄为非。”业(ye)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“美(mei)哉!使(shi)乎(hu)之(zhi)义也。”
利鹿孤闻(wen)吕光死,遣(qian)其将金树、苏翘率骑五千屯于昌松漠口。
既逾年,赦其境内(nei),改元(yuan)曰(yue)建和(he)。二千(qian)石长吏清高有惠(hui)化者,皆封亭侯、关(guan)内(nei)侯。
吕纂(zuan)(zuan)来(lai)伐(fa),使傉(ru)檀距之(zhi)。纂(zuan)(zuan)士(shi)卒精锐,进(jin)度三堆(dui),三军扰(rao)惧。傉(ru)檀下马据(ju)胡床而坐(zuo),士(shi)众心(xin)乃始安。与纂(zuan)(zuan)战,败之(zhi),斩(zhan)二千(qian)(qian)余级(ji)。纂(zuan)(zuan)西(xi)击段业(ye),傉(ru)檀率骑(qi)一万,乘虚(xu)袭姑臧。纂(zuan)(zuan)弟纬(wei)守南北城以自固。傉(ru)檀置酒于硃(zhu)明(ming)门上,鸣钟鼓以飨(xiang)将士(shi),耀兵于青阳门,虏八千(qian)(qian)余户而归。
乞伏乾归(gui)为姚兴(xing)所败,率(lv)骑数百来奔,处之晋兴(xing),待(dai)以(yi)上宾(bin)之礼。乾归(gui)遣(qian)子谦等质于西(xi)平(ping)。镇北(bei)将军俱延言(yan)于利(li)鹿(lu)(lu)孤(gu)曰(yue):“乾归(gui)本我之属(shu)国(guo),妄自尊立(li),理穷归(gui)命(ming),非有款诚;若奔东(dong)秦,必引师西(xi)侵,非我利(li)也(ye)。宜徙于乙弗之间(jian),防其越逸(yi)之路。”利(li)鹿(lu)(lu)孤(gu)曰(yue):“吾(wu)方弘(hong)信义以(yi)收天下之心,乾归(gui)投诚而(er)徙之,四海将谓我不可以(yi)诚信托也(ye)。”俄而(er)乾归(gui)果(guo)(guo)奔于姚兴(xing)。利(li)鹿(lu)(lu)孤(gu)谓延曰(yue):“不用(yong)卿言(yan),乾归(gui)果(guo)(guo)叛,卿为吾(wu)行也(ye)。”延追乾归(gui)至河,不及而(er)还。
利鹿孤立二年,龙(long)见(jian)于长宁(ning)(ning),麒麟游于绥羌(qiang),于是群臣劝进,以隆安五年僭称(cheng)河西王(wang)。其(qi)将鍮(zhen)勿仑进曰:“昔(xi)我先君(jun)肇自幽、朔,被发左(zuo)衽,无冠冕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,迁徙不(bu)(bu)常,无城邑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,用(yong)能中分天(tian)下(xia),威振(zhen)殊境。今建大(da)号(hao),诚顺(shun)天(tian)心。然宁(ning)(ning)居乐士,非(fei)贻厥(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)规;仓(cang)府(fu)粟帛(bo),生敌人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。且首兵始号(hao),事必无成,陈胜、项籍,前鉴不(bu)(bu)远。宜置晋(jin)人(ren)于诸城,劝课农(nong)桑,以供军(jun)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong),我则习战法(fa)以诛(zhu)未宾。若东(dong)西有变,长算(suan)以縻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);如其(qi)敌强于我,徙而以避其(qi)锋,不(bu)(bu)亦善乎(hu)!”利鹿孤然其(qi)言。
于是率(lv)师伐吕隆(long),大败(bai)之,获其(qi)右(you)仆射杨桓(huan)。傉檀谓之曰:“安寝危(wei)邦,不思择木,老为囚虏(lu),岂曰智(zhi)也(ye)!”桓(huan)曰:“受吕氏厚恩,位忝端贰(er),虽洪水滔天,犹欲济(ji)彼(bi)俱溺(ni),实耻为叛臣以(yi)见(jian)明主。”傉檀曰:“卿忠(zhong)臣也(ye)!”以(yi)为左(zuo)司(si)马(ma)。
利鹿孤谓其(qi)群下(xia)曰:“吾(wu)无(wu)经济(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai),忝承业统,自负(fu)乘在位,三载于兹。虽夙夜惟(wei)(wei)寅,思弘道化,而(er)刑政未(wei)能(neng)允中,风俗尚(shang)多凋弊;戎车(che)屡驾,无(wu)辟境之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong);务进贤彦,而(er)下(xia)犹(you)蓄滞(zhi)。岂所任非(fei)(fei)才(cai),将吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)明所致也?二三君子(zi)其(qi)极言无(wu)讳,吾(wu)将览焉。”祠部郎中史暠对曰:“古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王者,行师以(yi)(yi)全军(jun)为上,破国次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),拯溺救焚(fen),东征(zheng)西怨。今不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)绥宁为先,惟(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)徙户为务,安土(tu)重迁(qian),故(gu)有离叛,所以(yi)(yi)斩将克城,土(tu)不(bu)(bu)加广。今取士拔才(cai),必先弓马,文章学(xue)艺为无(wu)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)条(tiao),非(fei)(fei)所以(yi)(yi)来远人,垂不(bu)(bu)朽也。孔子(zi)曰:‘不(bu)(bu)学(xue)礼,无(wu)以(yi)(yi)立(li)。’宜建(jian)学(xue)校(xiao),开庠序,选耆(qi)德(de)硕儒以(yi)(yi)训胄(zhou)子(zi)。”利鹿孤善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),于是以(yi)(yi)田玄(xuan)冲、赵诞为博士祭酒,以(yi)(yi)教胄(zhou)子(zi)。
时利鹿孤(gu)(gu)虽僭位,尚臣姚(yao)兴。杨桓(huan)兄经佐命姚(yao)苌(chang),早死,兴闻桓(huan)有德望,征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。利鹿孤(gu)(gu)饯(jian)桓(huan)于城东,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“本(ben)期与卿共(gong)成大业,事(shi)乖本(ben)图,分(fen)歧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感,实(shi)情深古人。但鲲非溟海,无以(yi)运其(qi)躯;凤非修梧,无以(yi)晞(xi)其(qi)翼(yi)。卿有佐时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi),夜光之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宝,当振缨(ying)云(yun)阁,耀价(jia)连城,区区河右,未足以(yi)逞卿才(cai)力。善(shan)勖日(ri)新,以(yi)成大美(mei)。”桓(huan)泣曰:“臣往事(shi)吕氏(shi),情节不建。陛下宥臣于俘(fu)虏(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,显(xian)同贤(xian)旧,每希攀龙附风(feng),立尺寸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,龙门既开,而臣违离(li),公衡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恋,岂曰忘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!”利鹿孤(gu)(gu)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流涕。
遣傉(ru)檀(tan)又攻吕隆昌松太守(shou)孟祎(yi)于(yu)显美,克之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。傉(ru)檀(tan)执祎(yi)而(er)数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“见机而(er)作,赏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所先(xian);守(shou)迷不变(bian),刑(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所及。吾方耀威(wei)玉门(men),扫平(ping)秦、陇,卿固守(shou)穷城,稽淹王宪,国有(you)常刑(xing)(xing),于(yu)分甘乎(hu)?”祎(yi)曰(yue):“明公开(kai)翦河(he)右,声播宇内(nei),文(wen)德以绥(sui)远人,威(wei)武以惩(cheng)不恪,况祎(yi)蔑尔,敢距(ju)天命(ming)!衅鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)(xing),祎(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也。但(dan)忠于(yu)彼(bi)者,亦(yi)忠于(yu)此(ci)。荷吕氏(shi)厚恩(en),受(shou)籓屏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren),明公至而(er)归命(ming),恐获罪(zui)于(yu)执事,惟公图之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”傉(ru)檀(tan)大悦(yue),释其缚,待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)客(ke)礼。徙显美、丽靬二千(qian)余户而(er)归。嘉祎(yi)忠烈,拜左司马(ma)。祎(yi)请曰(yue):“吕氏(shi)将亡,圣朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)河(he)右,昭(zhao)然(ran)已定。但(dan)为人守(shou)而(er)不全,复忝显任(ren),窃(qie)所未安(an)。明公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en),听祎(yi)就(jiu)戮于(yu)姑臧,死且不朽(xiu)。”亻辱檀(tan)义而(er)许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
吕隆为沮渠(qu)蒙(meng)逊(xun)所伐,遣使(shi)乞师,利鹿孤引群下议(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。尚书左(zuo)丞婆衍仑(lun)曰:“今姑臧(zang)饥荒(huang)残(can)弊,谷(gu)石万钱,野无青草,资食无取(qu)。蒙(meng)逊(xun)千里(li)行师,粮运不(bu)(bu)属,使(shi)二(er)寇相(xiang)残(can),以(yi)乘其衅(xin)。若蒙(meng)逊(xun)拔姑臧(zang),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)能守(shou),适(shi)可为吾取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)宜救也。”傉檀曰:“仑(lun)知其一,未知其二(er)。姑臧(zang)今虽虚弊,地居(ju)形胜,可西一都之(zhi)(zhi)会,不(bu)(bu)可使(shi)蒙(meng)逊(xun)据之(zhi)(zhi),宜在速救。”利鹿孤曰:“车骑(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),吾之(zhi)(zhi)心也。”遂遣傉檀率骑(qi)一万救之(zhi)(zhi)。至昌松而蒙(meng)逊(xun)已退,傉檀徙凉泽、段冢(zhong)五百余(yu)家(jia)而归。
利鹿孤(gu)寝疾,令曰:“内(nei)外(wai)多(duo)虞,国机(ji)务(wu)广(guang),其令车骑(qi)嗣业,以成(cheng)先(xian)王之志。”在位三年而死(si),葬于西平(ping)之东(dong)南,伪谥(shi)曰康王。弟(di)傉(ru)檀嗣。
傉(ru)(ru)檀少机(ji)警,有才略(lve)。其父奇之,谓诸子曰:“傉(ru)(ru)檀明识(shi)干艺,非汝(ru)等辈也。”是(shi)以(yi)(yi)诸兄不以(yi)(yi)授子,欲传之于傉(ru)(ru)檀。及利鹿孤即位,垂(chui)拱而已,军国大事皆以(yi)(yi)委之。以(yi)(yi)元(yuan)兴元(yuan)年僭号凉王,迁于乐都,改(gai)元(yuan)曰弘昌。
初,乞伏(fu)乾(qian)归(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)在晋兴(xing)也,以(yi)世子炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)为质。后炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)逃(tao)(tao)归(gui)(gui)(gui),为追骑(qi)所执(zhi),利鹿孤命杀之(zhi)(zhi)。傉檀(tan)曰:“臣子逃(tao)(tao)归(gui)(gui)(gui)君(jun)父(fu),振古通义,故魏武善关(guan)羽之(zhi)(zhi)奔,秦昭恕顷襄之(zhi)(zhi)逝。炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)虽逃(tao)(tao)叛,孝心(xin)可嘉,宜垂全(quan)宥,以(yi)弘海(hai)岳之(zhi)(zhi)量。”乃赦之(zhi)(zhi)。至是,炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)又(you)奔允街,傉檀(tan)归(gui)(gui)(gui)其妻(qi)子。
姚兴(xing)遣(qian)使拜傉檀(tan)车(che)骑将军(jun)、广武公。傉檀(tan)大城乐都。姚兴(xing)遣(qian)将齐(qi)难(nan)率(lv)众迎吕隆于姑臧(zang),傉檀(tan)摄昌松、魏安二戍以(yi)避之。
兴凉州刺(ci)史王尚遣(qian)主薄宗敞(chang)来聘。敞(chang)父燮,吕(lv)光时自(zi)湟河太守入为(wei)尚书郎,见(jian)傉檀于广武,执其手曰(yue):“君(jun)神爽宏拔,逸气陵云,命世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)杰也,必当克清世(shi)(shi)难。恨吾年(nian)老不(bu)及见(jian)耳,以敞(chang)兄弟(di)托君(jun)。”至是,傉檀谓(wei)敞(chang)曰(yue):“孤以常才,谬为(wei)尊先君(jun)所见(jian)称,每自(zi)恐有(you)累大人(ren)水镜之(zhi)(zhi)明。及忝家业,窃(qie)有(you)怀君(jun)子。《诗》云:‘中心藏之(zhi)(zhi),何日忘之(zhi)(zhi)。’不(bu)图今日得见(jian)卿(qing)也。”敞(chang)曰(yue):“大王仁侔魏(wei)祖(zu),存(cun)念(nian)先人(ren),虽硃晖眄(mian)张堪之(zhi)(zhi)孤,叔向抚汝齐(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)子,无以加也。”酒酣,语及平生(sheng)。傉檀曰(yue):“卿(qing)鲁子敬之(zhi)(zhi)俦,恨不(bu)与卿(qing)共成大业耳。”
傉(ru)檀以姚兴(xing)(xing)之盛(sheng),又(you)密图姑(gu)臧,乃去(qu)其年号,罢尚(shang)书丞郎官(guan),遣参军关尚(shang)聘(pin)于兴(xing)(xing)。兴(xing)(xing)谓尚(shang)曰:“车骑(qi)投诚献款,为(wei)(wei)国籓屏,擅(shan)兴(xing)(xing)兵众,辄造大城,为(wei)(wei)臣之道固若是乎?”尚(shang)曰:“王(wang)侯设险(xian)以自固,先王(wang)之制也,所以安人(ren)卫众,预(yu)备不虞。车骑(qi)僻在(zai)遐籓,密迩(er)勍寇(kou),南则逆(ni)羌未宾,西则蒙逊跋扈,盖为(wei)(wei)国家重(zhong)门之防,不图陛下忽以为(wei)(wei)嫌。”兴(xing)(xing)笑曰:“卿言是也。”
傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)遣(qian)(qian)其将(jiang)文(wen)支(zhi)讨南羌、西(xi)虏(lu),大(da)(da)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上表姚(yao)兴,求凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou),不许,加亻辱檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)散骑(qi)常(chang)侍,增(zeng)邑二千户。傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)于(yu)是(shi)率师(shi)伐沮渠蒙(meng)逊(xun),次(ci)于(yu)氐池。蒙(meng)逊(xun)婴城固守,芟其禾苗,至于(yu)赤泉(quan)而还。献兴马三(san)(san)千匹(pi),羊三(san)(san)万(wan)头(tou)。兴乃署傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)为使持节、都督河右诸军事、车骑(qi)大(da)(da)将(jiang)军、领护匈奴(nu)中郎将(jiang)、凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),常(chang)侍、公(gong)如故,镇姑臧。傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)率步骑(qi)三(san)(san)万(wan)次(ci)于(yu)五(wu)涧,兴凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)王(wang)尚遣(qian)(qian)辛(xin)晁、孟祎、彭敏(min)出迎。尚出自(zi)(zi)清阳门,镇南文(wen)支(zhi)入自(zi)(zi)凉(liang)风门。宗(zong)敞(chang)以(yi)(yi)别驾送尚还长安(an),傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)曰(yue):“吾(wu)得凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)三(san)(san)千余家,情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所寄,唯卿一人(ren),奈何舍我(wo)去(qu)乎?”敞(chang)曰(yue):“今送旧(jiu)君,所以(yi)(yi)忠(zhong)于(yu)殿下(xia)。”傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)曰(yue):“吾(wu)今新牧贵州(zhou)(zhou),怀远安(an)迩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略,为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若何?”敞(chang)曰(yue):“凉(liang)土虽弊,形胜(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,道(dao)由人(ren)弘,实在殿下(xia)。段懿、孟祎、武(wu)威之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)望(wang);辛(xin)晁、彭敏(min),秦、陇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)冕;斐敏(min)、马辅,中州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令族;张昶,凉(liang)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧(jiu)胤(yin);张穆、边宪、文(wen)齐、杨班、梁崧、赵(zhao)昌,武(wu)同飞、羽。以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神略,抚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)威信,农战(zhan)并修(xiu),文(wen)教(jiao)兼设,可以(yi)(yi)从横于(yu)天下(xia),河右岂足定乎!”傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)大(da)(da)悦,赐(ci)敞(chang)马二十匹(pi)。于(yu)是(shi)大(da)(da)飨(xiang)文(wen)武(wu)于(yu)谦光(guang)殿,班赐(ci)金马各有差。
遣西(xi)(xi)(xi)曹从事史暠聘(pin)于姚兴(xing)。兴(xing)谓暠曰(yue):“车骑坐定凉州,衣(yi)锦本国,其(qi)德(de)我乎?”暠曰(yue):“车骑积德(de)河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi),少播英(ying)问,王威未(wei)接,投诚(cheng)万里,陛(bi)下官方任才,量功授(shou)职,彝伦之常,何(he)德(de)之有!”兴(xing)曰(yue):“朕不(bu)以(yi)州授(shou)车骑者,车骑何(he)从得之。”暠曰(yue):“使河(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)云(yun)(yun)扰、吕氏颠狈者,实(shi)由车骑兄弟倾其(qi)根本。陛(bi)下虽鸿罗遐被,凉州犹(you)在(zai)天网之外(wai)。故征西(xi)(xi)(xi)以(yi)周、召(zhao)之重,力屈姑臧;齐难以(yi)王旅之盛,势挫张掖(ye)。王尚孤城独守,外(wai)逼群(qun)狄(di),陛(bi)下不(bu)连兵十年,殚(dan)竭中(zhong)国,凉州未(wei)易取也。今以(yi)虚名假(jia)人(ren),内(nei)收大(da)利(li),乃知妙算自(zi)天,圣与道合,虽云(yun)(yun)迁(qian)授(shou),盖亦时宜。”兴(xing)悦(yue)其(qi)言,拜骑都尉。
傉(ru)(ru)檀宴群(qun)僚(liao)于(yu)宣德堂,仰(yang)视而叹曰(yue):“古人(ren)言(yan)作者不(bu)居,居者不(bu)作,信(xin)矣。”孟祎进曰(yue):“张文(wen)王筑城苑,缮(shan)宗庙(miao),为(wei)贻厥之(zhi)(zhi)资,万(wan)(wan)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)业,秦师(shi)济河,漼(cui)然(ran)瓦(wa)解(jie)。梁熙据全(quan)州之(zhi)(zhi)地,拥(yong)十万(wan)(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)众,军败(bai)于(yu)酒(jiu)泉,身死于(yu)彭(peng)济。吕氏以排山之(zhi)(zhi)势,王有西夏,率土崩(beng)离(li),衔璧秦、雍。宽饶有言(yan):‘富贵无常,忽辄(zhe)易(yi)人(ren)。’此堂之(zhi)(zhi)建,年垂百载(zai),十有二主,唯信(xin)顺可以久安,仁义可以永固,愿大王勉(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)。”傉(ru)(ru)檀曰(yue):“非君无以闻(wen)谠(dang)言(yan)也。”傉(ru)(ru)檀虽受制于(yu)姚兴(xing),然(ran)车服(fu)礼章一如王者。以宗敞为(wei)太府主簿、录记(ji)室事。
傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)伪游浇河(he)(he),袭徙西平、湟河(he)(he)诸(zhu)羌(qiang)三万余户于(yu)(yu)武兴(xing)、番禾、武威、昌松四(si)郡。征集戎夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵五万余人(ren),大(da)阅于(yu)(yu)方亭(ting),遂伐沮渠蒙(meng)逊(xun),入西陕。蒙(meng)逊(xun)率(lv)众(zhong)来距,战于(yu)(yu)均石,为(wei)(wei)蒙(meng)逊(xun)所败(bai)。傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)率(lv)骑二万,运(yun)谷四(si)万石以给西郡。蒙(meng)逊(xun)攻(gong)西郡,陷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)后傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)又与赫连勃(bo)勃(bo)战于(yu)(yu)阳武,为(wei)(wei)勃(bo)勃(bo)所败(bai),将佐死者十余人(ren),傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)与数骑奔南山,几为(wei)(wei)追骑所得。傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)惧东西寇(kou)至,徙三百里内(nei)百姓入于(yu)(yu)姑(gu)臧,国(guo)(guo)中骇怨。屠各成(cheng)七(qi)兒因百姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扰(rao)也,率(lv)其(qi)属三百人(ren),叛傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)于(yu)(yu)北城(cheng)。推梁贵为(wei)(wei)盟主(zhu),贵闭门不(bu)应(ying)。一夜众(zhong)至数千。殿(dian)中都(dou)尉张猛大(da)言于(yu)(yu)众(zhong)曰:“主(zhu)上阳武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)败(bai),盖(gai)恃(shi)众(zhong)故(gu)也。责躬悔过,明君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),诸(zhu)君(jun)何故(gu)从此小人(ren)作不(bu)义(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)!殿(dian)内(nei)武旅正尔相寻,目前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危,悔将无(wu)及。”众(zhong)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),咸散。七(qi)兒奔晏然,殿(dian)中骑将白路(lu)等(deng)(deng)追斩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。军谘祭酒梁裒、辅国(guo)(guo)司马边宪等(deng)(deng)七(qi)人(ren)谋(mou)反,傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)悉(xi)诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
姚兴(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)外(wai)有(you)阳武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)败(bai),内有(you)边、梁(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱,遣(qian)其(qi)(qi)尚(shang)书郎韦宗(zong)(zong)来观(guan)衅(xin)。亻辱檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)与宗(zong)(zong)论六国(guo)从(cong)横之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)规(gui),三家战争之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)略,远言(yan)天(tian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)废兴(xing)(xing),近(jin)陈人事(shi)成(cheng)败(bai),机变(bian)无穷,辞致清辩。宗(zong)(zong)出而叹曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“命(ming)(ming)(ming)世大(da)(da)才、经纶名教(jiao)者,不(bu)(bu)必华宗(zong)(zong)夏(xia)士(shi);拨烦理(li)乱、澄气(qi)济世者,亦未(wei)必《八索》、《九丘》。五经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),冠冕(mian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表,复自有(you)人。车骑神机秀发(fa),信一(yi)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伟(wei)人,由余、日磾岂足为多也!”宗(zong)(zong)还长安(an),言(yan)于(yu)兴(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“凉(liang)(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)虽残弊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,风(feng)化未(wei)颓(tui),傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)权诈多方,凭山河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu),未(wei)可图也。”兴(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“勃勃以(yi)(yi)乌合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众尚(shang)能(neng)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吾以(yi)(yi)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵,何(he)足克(ke)也!”宗(zong)(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“形移势变(bian),终(zhong)始殊途,陵人者易败(bai),自守(shou)(shou)者难攻。阳武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役(yi),傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)以(yi)(yi)轻勃勃致败(bai)。今以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)军(jun)临之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必自固(gu)求全(quan),臣(chen)窃料群臣(chen)无傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)匹也。虽以(yi)(yi)天(tian)威(wei)临之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未(wei)见(jian)其(qi)(qi)利。”兴(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)从(cong),乃(nai)(nai)遣(qian)其(qi)(qi)将姚弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)及敛成(cheng)等(deng)率步骑三万来伐,又(you)使(shi)其(qi)(qi)将姚显为弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)等(deng)后继,遗傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)书云“遣(qian)尚(shang)书左仆(pu)射齐难讨(tao)勃勃,惧(ju)其(qi)(qi)西(xi)(xi)逸,故令弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)等(deng)于(yu)河西(xi)(xi)邀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)以(yi)(yi)为然,遂不(bu)(bu)设备。弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)众至(zhi)漠口,昌(chang)松太守(shou)(shou)苏霸(ba)(ba)婴城固(gu)守(shou)(shou),弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)喻霸(ba)(ba)令降,霸(ba)(ba)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“汝违负盟誓,伐委(wei)顺(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籓(fan),天(tian)地(di)有(you)灵(ling),将不(bu)(bu)祐汝!吾宁(ning)为凉(liang)(liang)鬼(gui),何(he)降之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)!”城陷,斩(zhan)霸(ba)(ba)。弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)至(zhi)姑臧,屯于(yu)西(xi)(xi)苑。州(zhou)(zhou)人王钟、宋钟、王娥等(deng)密为内应,候人执其(qi)(qi)使(shi)送之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)欲诛(zhu)其(qi)(qi)元首(shou)(shou),前军(jun)伊(yi)力延侯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今强敌在(zai)外(wai),内有(you)奸竖,兵交势踧,祸难不(bu)(bu)轻,宜悉坑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)安(an)内外(wai)。”傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),杀五千(qian)余人,以(yi)(yi)妇女(nv)为军(jun)赏(shang)。命(ming)(ming)(ming)诸郡(jun)县悉驱牛羊于(yu)野,敛成(cheng)纵兵虏掠。傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)遣(qian)其(qi)(qi)镇(zhen)北(bei)俱延、镇(zhen)军(jun)敬归等(deng)十将率骑分击(ji)(ji),大(da)(da)败(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),斩(zhan)首(shou)(shou)七千(qian)余级。姚弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)固(gu)垒不(bu)(bu)出,傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)攻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)克(ke),乃(nai)(nai)断水上流,欲以(yi)(yi)持久毙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。会雨甚,堰坏,弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)军(jun)乃(nai)(nai)振(zhen)。姚显闻弼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)败(bai),兼道(dao)赴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),军(jun)势甚盛。遣(qian)射将孟钦等(deng)五人挑战于(yu)凉(liang)(liang)风(feng)门(men),弦未(wei)及发(fa),材官将军(jun)宋益等(deng)驰击(ji)(ji)斩(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。显乃(nai)(nai)委(wei)罪敛成(cheng)。遣(qian)使(shi)谢傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan),引师而归。
傉檀于是僭(jian)即凉王(wang)位,赦其境(jing)内,改年为嘉平,置百(bai)官。立夫人折掘氏为五后,世子武台为太子、录(lu)尚书事,左(zuo)(zuo)长史赵晁(chao)、右(you)长史郭(guo)倖为尚书左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)仆射,镇北俱延为太尉,镇军敬归为司隶(li)校(xiao)尉,自余封署各有差。
遣(qian)其(qi)左将(jiang)军(jun)枯(ku)木、驸马都尉(wei)胡康伐沮渠蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),掠临松(song)人千(qian)余户而还。蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)大(da)(da)怒,率骑五(wu)千(qian)至(zhi)于显(xian)(xian)美方亭,破车盖鲜卑而还。俱延(yan)又伐蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),大(da)(da)败而归。傉(ru)檀(tan)将(jiang)亲率众伐蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun),赵(zhao)晁及太(tai)史令景保(bao)谏曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今太(tai)白(bai)未出(chu),岁星在西,宜(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)自守(shou),难以(yi)(yi)(yi)伐人。比年(nian)天(tian)(tian)文错乱,风(feng)雾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时(shi),唯修德(de)责躬可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)宁吉。”傉(ru)檀(tan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)往年(nian)无(wu)状,入我(wo)封畿(ji),掠我(wo)边疆(jiang),残我(wo)禾稼。吾蓄力(li)待时(shi),将(jiang)报(bao)东门之(zhi)耻,今大(da)(da)军(jun)已集,卿欲沮众邪?”保(bao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“陛下不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肖,使臣(chen)主(zhu)察乾(qian)象(xiang),若(ruo)见事不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言,非为(wei)臣(chen)之(zhi)体。天(tian)(tian)文显(xian)(xian)然,动必无(wu)利。”傉(ru)檀(tan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾以(yi)(yi)(yi)轻(qing)骑五(wu)万伐之(zhi),蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)骑兵(bing)距(ju)我(wo),则众寡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敌;兼步而来(lai),则舒疾(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong);救右则击(ji)其(qi)左,赴前则攻(gong)其(qi)后,终不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与之(zhi)交兵(bing)接战,卿何(he)惧(ju)乎?”保(bao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“天(tian)(tian)文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虚,必将(jiang)有变。”傉(ru)檀(tan)怒,锁保(bao)而行,曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“有功(gong)当杀(sha)汝(ru)以(yi)(yi)(yi)徇,无(wu)功(gong)封汝(ru)百户侯,”既(ji)而蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)率众来(lai)距(ju),战于穷泉,傉(ru)檀(tan)大(da)(da)败,单马奔(ben)还。景保(bao)为(wei)蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)所擒,让之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿明于天(tian)(tian)文,为(wei)彼国所任,违(wei)天(tian)(tian)犯顺(shun),智安在乎?”保(bao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)匪为(wei)无(wu)智,但(dan)言而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从。”蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昔(xi)汉祖(zu)困于平城,以(yi)(yi)(yi)娄敬为(wei)功(gong);袁绍败于官渡,而田丰为(wei)戮(lu)。卿策同(tong)二子(zi),贵主(zhu)未可(ke)量也。卿必有娄敬之(zhi)赏者,吾今放(fang)卿,但(dan)恐有田丰之(zhi)祸耳。”保(bao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“寡君虽(sui)才非汉祖(zu),犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)本初,正(zheng)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得封侯,岂虑祸也。”蒙(meng)(meng)逊(xun)(xun)(xun)(xun)乃免之(zhi)。至(zhi)姑臧,傉(ru)檀(tan)谢之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿,孤之(zhi)蓍龟(gui)也,而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能从之(zhi),孤之(zhi)深罪。”封保(bao)安亭侯。
蒙逊(xun)进图姑(gu)臧(zang)(zang),百姓惩东(dong)苑之戮(lu),悉皆惊散。垒掘(jue)、麦田、车盖诸部(bu)尽降于(yu)蒙逊(xun)。傉檀遣使请和(he),蒙逊(xun)许之,乃(nai)遣司隶校尉(wei)敬归及(ji)子(zi)他为(wei)质,归至胡坑,逃还(hai),他为(wei)追兵所执(zhi)。蒙逊(xun)徙其众八千余(yu)户(hu)而归。右(you)卫折掘(jue)奇(qi)镇(zhen)(zhen)据石驴山(shan)以叛。傉檀惧为(wei)蒙逊(xun)所灭,又(you)虑奇(qi)镇(zhen)(zhen)克岭(ling)南,乃(nai)迁(qian)于(yu)乐都(dou),留大(da)司农成公绪守(shou)姑(gu)臧(zang)(zang)。傉檀始(shi)出城,焦谌、王(wang)侯等闭门作(zuo)难,收合(he)三千余(yu)家,保据南城。谌推焦朗为(wei)大(da)都(dou)督、龙骧大(da)将军(jun),谌为(wei)凉州刺史,降于(yu)蒙逊(xun)。镇(zhen)(zhen)军(jun)敬归讨奇(qi)镇(zhen)(zhen)于(yu)石驴山(shan),战败(bai),死(si)之。
蒙逊因(yin)克(ke)(ke)姑臧之(zhi)威来伐(fa),傉(ru)檀遣其安(an)北(bei)段苟、左(zuo)将军云连乘虚出番禾(he)以袭其后,徙(xi)三千余(yu)家于西平。蒙逊围(wei)乐都(dou),三旬不克(ke)(ke),遣使谓傉(ru)檀曰:“若(ruo)以宠子(zi)为(wei)(wei)质(zhi),我(wo)当(dang)还师。”傉(ru)檀曰:“去否(fou)任卿兵势。卿违盟无(wu)信,何质(zhi)以供!”蒙逊怒,筑室返耕,为(wei)(wei)持久之(zhi)计。群臣固(gu)请,乃以子(zi)安(an)周为(wei)(wei)质(zhi)。蒙逊引(yin)归(gui)。
吐谷浑树洛干率众来伐(fa),傉檀遣其(qi)太子(zi)武台距之,为洛干所败(bai)。
傉(ru)檀又将伐(fa)蒙逊(xun)(xun),邯川护军孟恺谏曰:“蒙逊(xun)(xun)初并姑(gu)臧,凶势甚盛,宜(yi)固守伺隙,不(bu)可妄动。”不(bu)从。五道俱(ju)进,至(zhi)番禾、苕藋,掠五千余户。其将屈右进曰:“陛(bi)下转(zhuan)战千里,前元完阵,徙户资(zi)财,盈溢(yi)衢路,宜(yi)倍(bei)(bei)道旋(xuan)师(shi),早度峻(jun)险(xian)。蒙逊(xun)(xun)善于用兵(bing),士众习战,若(ruo)轻军卒(zu)至(zhi),出吾虑表,大敌(di)外逼,徙户内攻(gong),危之(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)。”卫尉伊力延曰:“我军势方盛,将士勇气自倍(bei)(bei),彼徒我骑,势不(bu)相及(ji),若(ruo)倍(bei)(bei)道旋(xuan)师(shi),必捐弃资(zi)财,示人以(yi)弱,非计也(ye)。”屈右出而告(gao)其诸弟曰:“吾言不(bu)用,天(tian)命(ming)也(ye)。此吾兄弟死地(di)。”俄而昏雾风(feng)雨,蒙逊(xun)(xun)军大至(zhi),傉(ru)檀败(bai)绩而还(hai)。蒙逊(xun)(xun)进围乐(le)都,傉(ru)檀婴城固守,以(yi)子染(ran)干为(wei)质,蒙逊(xun)(xun)乃归,久之(zhi)(zhi),遣安西纥勃耀兵(bing)西境。蒙逊(xun)(xun)侵西平,徙户掠牛马而还(hai)。
邯川护(hu)军孟恺表镇南、湟河太守(shou)文(wen)(wen)支荒酒愎(bi)谏,不血(xue)阝政(zheng)事。傉(ru)檀谓伊(yi)力延曰:“今州(zhou)土倾覆,所杖者文(wen)(wen)支而已,将若(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)何?”延曰:“宜(yi)召而训之(zhi)(zhi),使改往修来。”傉(ru)檀乃召文(wen)(wen)支,既(ji)到,让之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“二兄英姿早世,吾(wu)以不才嗣统,不能负荷大业,颠狈如是(shi),胡(hu)颜视世,虽存(cun)(cun)若(ruo)陨(yun)。庶(shu)(shu)凭子鲜存(cun)(cun)卫(wei),藉文(wen)(wen)种(zhong)复吴,卿(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)谓也。闻卿(qing)(qing)唯酒是(shi)耽,荒废(fei)庶(shu)(shu)事。吾(wu)年已老,卿(qing)(qing)复若(ruo)斯(si),祖宗之(zhi)(zhi)业将谁寄也。”文(wen)(wen)支顿(dun)首陈谢。
邯川人(ren)卫(wei)章等谋杀孟恺,南启乞伏炽(chi)磐(pan)(pan)。郭越止之曰(yue):“孟尹宽(kuan)以惠下,何罪(zui)而(er)杀之!吾宁违(wei)众而(er)死,不负君(jun)以生。”乃密告之恺,诱章等饮(yin)酒,杀四十余人(ren)。恺惧炽(chi)磐(pan)(pan)军之至(zhi),驰告文支,文支遣(qian)将(jiang)军匹珍(zhen)赴之。炽(chi)磐(pan)(pan)军到城,闻(wen)珍(zhen)将(jiang)至(zhi),引归(gui)。
蒙逊(xun)又攻乐(le)都,二旬不克而还。镇(zhen)南文(wen)支(zhi)以湟河(he)降蒙逊(xun),徙五千(qian)余户(hu)于姑臧。蒙逊(xun)又来(lai)伐(fa),傉檀以太尉俱(ju)延为质,蒙逊(xun)乃引还。
傉檀(tan)议欲西(xi)征乙(yi)弗,孟(meng)恺谏曰(yue)(yue):“连年不(bu)收,上下饥(ji)弊,南逼炽磐,北迫蒙逊,百姓骚动,下不(bu)安业。今远征虽(sui)克(ke),后患必深,不(bu)如结盟炽磐,通籴济难(nan),慰喻杂部,以广军(jun)资,畜力缮兵,相时而动。《易》曰(yue)(yue):‘其亡其亡,系于苞(bao)桑。’惟陛下图(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)。”傉檀(tan)曰(yue)(yue):“孤将略地,卿无沮众。”谓其太子武台曰(yue)(yue):“今不(bu)种多年,内外俱窘(jiong),事宜西(xi)行,以拯此弊。蒙逊近去,不(bu)能卒来(lai),旦夕所虑,唯在(zai)炽盘。彼名微众寡(gua),易以讨御(yu),吾不(bu)过一月,自足周(zhou)旋。汝(ru)谨(jin)守乐都,无使失(shi)堕。”傉檀(tan)乃(nai)率骑(qi)七千(qian)袭乙(yi)弗,大破之(zhi)(zhi),获牛马羊四十余万。
炽磐乘虚(xu)来(lai)袭(xi),抚军从事中郎(lang)尉肃(su)言于武(wu)(wu)台曰(yue):“今外(wai)城广大,难(nan)以(yi)固(gu)守,宜聚(ju)国人(ren)于内城,肃(su)等率诸晋人(ren)距战于外(wai),如或不(bu)(bu)捷,犹有(you)万(wan)全(quan)。”武(wu)(wu)台曰(yue):“小(xiao)贼(zei)蕞尔,旦夕(xi)当走,卿何(he)虑之过也。”武(wu)(wu)台惧晋人(ren)有(you)二(er)心也,乃召(zhao)豪望有(you)勇谋者闭之于内。孟恺(kai)泣曰(yue):“炽磐不(bu)(bu)道,人(ren)神同愤,恺(kai)等进则荷恩重迁,退(tui)顾妻子(zi)之累,岂有(you)二(er)乎!今事已急(ji)矣,人(ren)思自效,有(you)何(he)猜邪(xie)?”武(wu)(wu)台曰(yue):“吾岂不(bu)(bu)知子(zi)忠,实惧余人(ren)脱(tuo)生虑表,以(yi)君等安之耳。”一旬而(er)城溃。
安西(xi)樊(fan)(fan)尼(ni)(ni)自西(xi)平(ping)奔(ben)告傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan),傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)谓众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今乐都为炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)所陷,男夫尽杀,妇女赏军(jun),虽(sui)欲归还(hai)(hai),无所赴也(ye)。卿(qing)(qing)等(deng)能与(yu)(yu)(yu)吾(wu)(wu)藉(jie)乙弗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)资,取契(qi)汗以赎(shu)妻子(zi)者(zhe),是所望也(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)尔,归炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)便为奴仆矣,岂忍见妻子(zi)在(zai)他人(ren)(ren)怀(huai)抱中!”遂引师(shi)而(er)西(xi),众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多逃返,遣镇北段苟(gou)追(zhui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),苟(gou)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)还(hai)(hai)。于是将士皆(jie)散,惟(wei)中军(jun)纥勃、后(hou)军(jun)洛肱、安西(xi)樊(fan)(fan)尼(ni)(ni)、散骑侍郎阴利(li)鹿在(zai)焉。傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“蒙(meng)逊(xun)、炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)昔皆(jie)委质于吾(wu)(wu),今而(er)归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)鄙哉!四海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广,匹夫无所容其(qi)(qi)(qi)身,何其(qi)(qi)(qi)痛(tong)也(ye)!蒙(meng)逊(xun)与(yu)(yu)(yu)吾(wu)(wu)名(ming)齐年(nian)比,炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)姻(yin)好少年(nian),俱(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所忌,势皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)济。与(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)聚而(er)同(tong)死,不(bu)(bu)(bu)如分而(er)或全。樊(fan)(fan)尼(ni)(ni)长兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),宗部所寄(ji),吾(wu)(wu)众(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)北者(zhe)户(hu)垂二(er)万,蒙(meng)逊(xun)方(fang)招怀(huai)遐迩,存(cun)亡继绝(jue),汝其(qi)(qi)(qi)西(xi)也(ye)。纥勃、洛肱亦(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)尼(ni)(ni)俱(ju)。吾(wu)(wu)年(nian)老(lao)(lao)矣,所适(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)容,宁见妻子(zi)而(er)死!”遂归炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan),唯阴利(li)鹿随之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)谓利(li)鹿曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“去危就(jiu)安,人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常也(ye)。吾(wu)(wu)亲属皆(jie)散,卿(qing)(qing)何独留?”利(li)鹿曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣老(lao)(lao)母(mu)在(zai)家,方(fang)寸实乱。但忠(zhong)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,势不(bu)(bu)(bu)俱(ju)全。虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能西(xi)哭(ku)沮渠,申包胥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诚(cheng);东感秦(qin)援,展毛遂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操,负羁靮而(er)侍陛(bi)下者(zhe),臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也(ye)。惟(wei)愿开弘远猷,审进(jin)止之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算。”傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)叹曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“知(zhi)人(ren)(ren)固未易,人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)未易知(zhi)。大臣亲戚(qi)皆(jie)弃我(wo)去,终绐不(bu)(bu)(bu)亏(kui)者(zhe),唯卿(qing)(qing)一人(ren)(ren)。岁(sui)寒不(bu)(bu)(bu)凋(diao),见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于卿(qing)(qing)。”傉(ru)檀(tan)(tan)至西(xi)平(ping),炽(chi)(chi)磐(pan)遣使(shi)郊迎,待以上(shang)宾(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。
初,乐都(dou)之(zhi)溃(kui)也(ye),诸(zhu)城(cheng)皆(jie)降于(yu)(yu)炽(chi)磐(pan),傉檀(tan)将(jiang)尉贤政固守浩亹不(bu)(bu)下(xia)。炽(chi)磐(pan)呼之(zhi)曰(yue):“乐都(dou)已溃(kui),卿妻子皆(jie)在吾间,孤城(cheng)独守,何(he)所(suo)为(wei)也(ye)!”贤政曰(yue):“受(shou)凉(liang)王厚(hou)恩,为(wei)国家籓屏,虽(sui)知乐都(dou)已陷(xian),妻子为(wei)擒,先归获(huo)赏,后(hou)顺(shun)受(shou)诛,然不(bu)(bu)知主(zhu)上存(cun)亡(wang),未敢归命。妻子小(xiao)事,岂足动(dong)怀!昔罗宪待(dai)命,晋文(wen)亮之(zhi);文(wen)聘(pin)后(hou)来(lai),魏武不(bu)(bu)责。邀一时之(zhi)荣(rong),忘委(wei)付之(zhi)重,窃(qie)用耻焉(yan),大王亦安用之(zhi)哉!”炽(chi)磐(pan)乃遣武台手书喻政,政曰(yue):“汝为(wei)国储,不(bu)(bu)能尽节,面缚于(yu)(yu)人,弃(qi)父负君,亏(kui)万世之(zhi)业,贤政义士(shi),岂如汝乎(hu)!”既而闻(wen)傉檀(tan)至左南,乃降。
炽(chi)磐以傉檀为骠骑大将军,封左南公(gong)。岁余,为炽(chi)磐所(suo)(suo)鸩(zhen)。左右劝傉檀解药,傉檀曰:“吾病岂宜(yi)疗邪!”遂死,时年五十(shi)一,在(zai)位(wei)十(shi)三年,伪谥景王(wang)。武台后亦为炽(chi)磐所(suo)(suo)杀。傉檀少(shao)子(zi)保周(zhou)(zhou)、腊于破(po)羌(qiang)、俱延(yan)子(zi)覆龙、鹿孤孙(sun)副周(zhou)(zhou)、乌孤孙(sun)承钵(bo)皆奔(ben)沮渠蒙逊。久之,归(gui)魏,魏以保周(zhou)(zhou)为张(zhang)掖王(wang),覆龙酒(jiu)泉(quan)公(gong),破(po)羌(qiang)西(xi)平(ping)公(gong),副周(zhou)(zhou)永平(ping)公(gong),承钵(bo)昌(chang)松公(gong)。
乌孤以安帝(di)隆安元(yuan)年僭立(li),至傉(ru)檀三世,凡十(shi)九年,以安帝(di)义(yi)熙十(shi)年灭。
史(shi)臣曰(yue):秃发累叶酋(qiu)豪,擅强(qiang)边服,控(kong)弦玉(yu)塞,跃马金山,候(hou)满月而(er)窥兵,乘折胶而(er)纵(zong)镝,礼容弗被,声教斯阻(zu)。乌孤纳(na)苻浑之策,治兵以讨不宾;鹿孤从史(shi)暠(gao)之言,建学而(er)延胄子。遂能开疆河右,抗衡强(qiang)国(guo)。道由人弘,抑(yi)此之谓!
傉檀承累捷之锐,藉二昆之资(zi),摧(cui)吕氏算无遣(qian)策,取姑臧兵不血刃,武略雄图,比踪前烈(lie)。既而叨窃(qie)重位,盈(ying)满易期,穷兵以逞其心,纵慝自贻其弊,地夺于(yu)蒙逊,势衄于(yu)赫连,覆国丧身,犹为幸也。昔宋(song)殇好战,致灾(zai)于(yu)华督;楚灵黩武,取杀于(yu)乾溪。异(yi)代同亡,其于(yu)傉檀见之矣(yi)。
赞曰:秃发弟兄,擅雄群虏。开疆河外,清氛(fen)西土。傉檀(tan)杰出(chu),腾驾时(shi)英。穷兵黩武,丧国颓声。
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