列传十五
张全义,字国维,濮州临濮人。初名居言,赐名全义,梁祖改为宗奭;庄宗定河南,复名全义。祖琏,父诚,世为田农。全义为县啬夫,尝为令所辱。乾符末,黄巢起冤句,全义亡命入巢军。巢入长安,以全义为吏部尚书,充水运使。巢败,依诸葛爽于河阳,累迁至裨校,屡有战功,爽表为泽州刺史。光启初,爽卒,其子仲方为留后。部将刘经与李罕之争据洛阳,罕之败经于圣善寺,乘胜欲攻河阳,营于洛口。经遣全义拒之,全义乃与罕之同盟结义,返攻经于河阳,为经所败,收合余众,与罕之据怀州,乞师于武皇。武皇遣泽州刺史安金俊助之,进攻河阳,刘经、仲方委城奔汴,罕之遂自领河阳,表全义为河南尹。
全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)性勤(qin)俭(jian),善(shan)抚(fu)军(jun)民(min),虽贼寇充斥,而(er)劝耕(geng)务农,由是(shi)仓储殷积。王(wang)(wang)(wang)始(shi)至(zhi)洛,于麾下百(bai)人(ren)中(zhong),选可(ke)(ke)使者(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)十(shi)八(ba)人(ren),命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)屯(tun)将(jiang)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)人(ren)给旗一(yi)口,榜一(yi)道,于旧十(shi)八(ba)县中(zhong),令招(zhao)农户,令自(zi)耕(geng)种,流(liu)民(min)渐归。王(wang)(wang)(wang)于百(bai)人(ren)中(zhong),又(you)选可(ke)(ke)使者(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)八(ba)人(ren),命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)屯(tun)副,民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来者(zhe)(zhe)抚(fu)绥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),除杀人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)死,余但加杖而(er)已,无重刑(xing),无租(zu)税,流(liu)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)归渐众(zhong)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)又(you)于麾下选书计一(yi)十(shi)八(ba)人(ren),命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)屯(tun)判官(guan)。不(bu)一(yi)二(er)年,十(shi)八(ba)屯(tun)中(zhong)每(mei)(mei)(mei)屯(tun)户至(zhi)数千。王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)农隙,选丁夫(fu)授(shou)以(yi)(yi)弓(gong)矢(shi)枪剑,为坐(zuo)作(zuo)进退之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)二(er)年,每(mei)(mei)(mei)屯(tun)增户。大者(zhe)(zhe)六(liu)七千,次者(zhe)(zhe)四(si)千,下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)三千,共得丁夫(fu)闲弓(gong)矢(shi)、枪剑者(zhe)(zhe)二(er)万余人(ren)。有贼盗(dao)即(ji)时擒捕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),刑(xing)宽事简,远近归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)市。五年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,号为富庶,于是(shi)奏每(mei)(mei)(mei)县除令簿主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贪暴(bao)不(bu)法,军(jun)中(zhong)乏食(shi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)取(qu)给于全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)。二(er)人(ren)初相得甚欢,而(er)至(zhi)是(shi)求取(qu)无厌,动加凌(ling)轹,全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)苦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。文德(de)元年四(si)月,罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出军(jun)寇晋、绛,全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)乘其无备,潜兵(bing)袭(xi)取(qu)河阳(yang),全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)乃(nai)兼领河阳(yang)节度。《洛阳(yang)搢绅(shen)旧闻(wen)(wen)记》云:罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镇(zhen)三城(cheng),知王(wang)(wang)(wang)专以(yi)(yi)教民(min)耕(geng)织为务,常宣言于众(zhong)曰(yue):“田舍翁何足惮。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)闻(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),蔑如(ru)也。每(mei)(mei)(mei)飞尺书于王(wang)(wang)(wang),求军(jun)食(shi)及缣帛,王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“李太傅所要,不(bu)得不(bu)奉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”左(zuo)(zuo)右及宾席(xi)咸以(yi)(yi)为不(bu)可(ke)(ke)与,王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“第与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”似若畏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),左(zuo)(zuo)右不(bu)晓。罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓王(wang)(wang)(wang)畏己,不(bu)设备。因罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举兵(bing)收怀、泽,王(wang)(wang)(wang)乃(nai)密召屯(tun)兵(bing),潜师夜发,迟(chi)明入三城(cheng)。罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)逃遁投河东,朝(chao)廷即(ji)授(shou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)兼镇(zhen)三城(cheng)。罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求援(yuan)(yuan)于武(wu)皇(huang),武(wu)皇(huang)复(fu)遣兵(bing)攻(gong)败河阳(yang),会汴(bian)人(ren)救至(zhi)而(er)退。梁(liang)祖以(yi)(yi)丁会守河阳(yang),全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)复(fu)为河南尹、检校(xiao)司空。全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)梁(liang)祖援(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩,自(zi)是(shi)依附,皆(jie)从(cong)其制。
初,蔡贼孙儒(ru)、诸葛爽争据洛阳(yang)(yang),迭相攻伐,七八年(nian)(nian)间(jian),都城(cheng)(cheng)灰烬,满目(mu)荆榛。全义初至,惟与部下聚居故(gu)市(shi)(shi),井邑穷民(min),不(bu)满百户(hu)。全义善于(yu)抚纳(na),课(ke)部人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)披榛种(zhong)艺,且(qie)耕(geng)且(qie)战,以粟易牛,岁滋垦辟(pi),招复(fu)流(liu)散(san),待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如子。每农祥劝耕(geng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始,全义必自(zi)立(li)(li)畎亩,饷以酒(jiu)食(shi)(shi)(shi),政(zheng)宽事(shi)简,吏不(bu)敢欺。数年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),京畿无(wu)闲(xian)田,编户(hu)五六万。乃筑(zhu)垒于(yu)故(gu)市(shi)(shi),建(jian)置府署,以防外寇。《洛阳(yang)(yang)缙绅旧(jiu)闻记》:王(wang)每喜民(min)力耕(geng)织者(zhe),某家(jia)今年(nian)(nian)蚕麦善,去都城(cheng)(cheng)一舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,必马(ma)足及之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),悉(xi)召(zhao)其家(jia)老幼(you),亲(qin)慰劳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),赐(ci)以酒(jiu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)茶彩,丈夫(fu)(fu)遗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)布裤,妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)裙衫,时(shi)民(min)间(jian)尚(shang)衣青,妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆青绢为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。取(qu)其新(xin)麦新(xin)茧(jian),对(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)喜动颜色,民(min)间(jian)有(you)窃言者(zhe)曰(yue):“大(da)王(wang)见(jian)好声妓,等(deng)闲(xian)不(bu)笑,惟见(jian)好蚕麦即笑尔(er)。”其真朴皆此类。每观秋(qiu)稼,见(jian)田中无(wu)草(cao)者(zhe),必下马(ma)命宾客观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),召(zhao)田主慰劳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣物。若见(jian)禾(he)中有(you)草(cao),地(di)耕(geng)不(bu)熟(shu),立(li)(li)召(zhao)田主集众(zhong)决责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若苗(miao)荒地(di)生,诘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),民(min)诉以牛疲或阙人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)耕(geng)锄,则田边下马(ma),立(li)(li)召(zhao)其邻仵(wu)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“此少(shao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)牛,何不(bu)众(zhong)助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”邻仵(wu)皆伏罪(zui),即赦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。自(zi)是洛阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)无(wu)远近,民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)牛者(zhe)相率助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),少(shao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)亦然(ran)。田夫(fu)(fu)田妇,相劝以耕(geng)桑为务(wu),是以家(jia)有(you)蓄积(ji),水旱无(wu)饥民(min)。王(wang)诚信(xin),每水旱祈祭,必具汤沐(mu),素食(shi)(shi)(shi)别寝(qin),至祠祭所,俨然(ran)若对(dui)至尊,容如不(bu)足。遇旱,祈祷未(wei)雨(yu),左(zuo)右必曰(yue):“王(wang)可(ke)开塔(ta)(ta)”,即无(wu)畏师塔(ta)(ta)也(ye),在(zai)龙门广化(hua)寺。王(wang)即依言而开塔(ta)(ta),未(wei)尝不(bu)澍雨(yu),故(gu)当时(shi)俚谚云(yun):“王(wang)祷雨(yu),买雨(yu)具。”
梁(liang)祖(zu)迫(po)昭宗东迁,命全(quan)(quan)义(yi)缮(shan)治洛(luo)阳(yang)(yang)宫(gong)城(cheng),累(lei)年(nian)方集。昭宗至(zhi)洛(luo)阳(yang)(yang),梁(liang)祖(zu)将图禅(shan)代,虑全(quan)(quan)义(yi)心(xin)有异(yi)同(tong),乃以(yi)判(pan)(pan)(pan)官韦震为(wei)河(he)南(nan)(nan)尹,遂移全(quan)(quan)义(yi)为(wei)天(tian)平军(jun)节度(du)使、守(shou)中书令(ling)、东平王(wang)(wang)(wang)。《洛(luo)阳(yang)(yang)搢绅旧闻记》:齐(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)与梁(liang)祖(zu)互为(wei)中书令(ling)、尚(shang)书令(ling),及(ji)梁(liang)祖(zu)兼(jian)四镇,齐(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)累(lei)表让(rang)兼(jian)镇,盖潜(qian)识梁(liang)祖(zu)奸雄,避其(qi)权(quan)位(wei),欲(yu)图自全(quan)(quan)之计。梁(liang)祖(zu)经营(ying)霸业,外则干戈(ge)屡动,内(nei)则帑庾俱虚,齐(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)悉心(xin)尽力,倾竭财资助(zhu)之。其(qi)年(nian)八月(yue),昭宗遇弑,辉王(wang)(wang)(wang)即位(wei)。十月(yue),复以(yi)全(quan)(quan)义(yi)为(wei)河(he)南(nan)(nan)尹,兼(jian)忠武军(jun)节度(du)使、判(pan)(pan)(pan)六军(jun)诸卫事。梁(liang)祖(zu)建(jian)号(hao),以(yi)全(quan)(quan)义(yi)兼(jian)河(he)阳(yang)(yang)节度(du)使,封魏王(wang)(wang)(wang)。开平二(er)(er)年(nian),册(ce)拜(bai)太保、兼(jian)陕虢(guo)节度(du)使、河(he)阳(yang)(yang)尹。四年(nian),册(ce)拜(bai)太傅、河(he)南(nan)(nan)尹、判(pan)(pan)(pan)六军(jun),兼(jian)郑、滑等(deng)州节度(du)使。乾(qian)化元年(nian),册(ce)拜(bai)太师。二(er)(er)年(nian),硃友珪篡逆,以(yi)全(quan)(quan)义(yi)为(wei)守(shou)太尉、河(he)南(nan)(nan)尹、宋(song)亳节度(du)使兼(jian)国计使。梁(liang)末帝嗣(si)位(wei)于汴,以(yi)全(quan)(quan)义(yi)为(wei)洛(luo)京留守(shou),兼(jian)镇河(he)阳(yang)(yang)。未(wei)几,授天(tian)下兵马副元帅。
末帝(di)季年,赵、张用事,段(duan)凝为(wei)北面招讨使,骤居(ju)诸将(jiang)之(zhi)右(you)。全义(yi)(yi)知(zhi)其(qi)不(bu)可,遣使启(qi)梁(liang)(liang)末帝(di)曰(yue):“老臣受先(xian)朝(chao)重顾,蒙陛下(xia)委以副元帅之(zhi)名。臣虽(sui)迟暮,尚可董军(jun),请付北面兵(bing)柄(bing),庶分宵旰。段(duan)凝晚进,德(de)未服人,恐人情不(bu)和,败乱国政。”不(bu)听。全义(yi)(yi)托(tuo)硃(zhu)氏垂(chui)三十年,梁(liang)(liang)祖(zu)(zu)末年,猜(cai)忌宿(su)将(jiang),欲(yu)害全义(yi)(yi)者数(shu)四,全义(yi)(yi)单(dan)身曲(qu)事,悉以家(jia)财贡奉。洎梁(liang)(liang)祖(zu)(zu)河朔(shuo)丧师之(zhi)后(hou),月(yue)献铠(kai)马,以补其(qi)军(jun);又以服勤尽瘁,无以加诸,故竟(jing)免于祸。全义(yi)(yi)妻储(chu)氏,明敏有才略(lve)。梁(liang)(liang)祖(zu)(zu)自柏乡失律后(hou),连年亲征河朔(shuo),心(xin)疑全义(yi)(yi),或左(zuo)右(you)谗间(jian),储(chu)氏每(mei)入宫,委曲(qu)伸理。有时怒(nu)不(bu)可测,急召全义(yi)(yi),储(chu)氏谒(ye)见(jian)梁(liang)(liang)祖(zu)(zu),厉声言(yan)曰(yue):“宗奭种田叟耳(er),三十余(yu)年,洛城四面,开荒劚(zhu)棘(ji),招聚军(jun)赋,资陛下(xia)创业。今年齿衰朽,指景待尽,而(er)大(da)家(jia)疑之(zhi),何也?”梁(liang)(liang)祖(zu)(zu)遽笑(xiao)而(er)谓曰(yue):“我无恶(e)心(xin),妪勿多言(yan)。”《洛阳(yang)搢绅旧闻记》云:梁(liang)(liang)祖(zu)(zu)猜(cai)忌王,虑为(wei)后(hou)患(huan),前后(hou)欲(yu)杀(sha)之(zhi)者数(shu)四,夫人储(chu)氏面请梁(liang)(liang)祖(zu)(zu)得免,梁(liang)(liang)祖(zu)(zu)遂以其(qi)子福(fu)王纳齐王之(zhi)女。
庄宗平梁(liang),全(quan)(quan)(quan)义自洛赴觐,泥首待罪(zui)。庄宗抚慰久之,以(yi)(yi)其年老,令(ling)人掖而(er)升(sheng)殿,宴赐尽(jin)欢,诏皇子继(ji)岌(ji)、皇弟存纪等皆(jie)兄事之。先(xian)是,天祐十五(wu)年,梁(liang)末帝(di)自汴趋洛,将祀于圆丘。时王师(shi)攻下杨刘,徇地(di)曹、濮,梁(liang)末帝(di)惧,急归于汴,其礼(li)不遂(sui),然其法(fa)物咸在。至是,全(quan)(quan)(quan)义乃(nai)奏曰(yue):“请陛下便(bian)幸洛阳(yang),臣已有郊(jiao)礼(li)之备。”翌日,制以(yi)(yi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)义复(fu)为尚书(shu)令(ling)、魏王、河(he)南尹(yin)。明(ming)年二月,郊(jiao)禋礼(li)毕,以(yi)(yi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)义为守太(tai)尉中(zhong)书(shu)令(ling)、河(he)南尹(yin),改封齐王,兼领(ling)河(he)阳(yang)。先(xian)是,硃梁(liang)时供御所费,皆(jie)出河(he)南府,其后孔谦侵削其权,中(zhong)官各领(ling)内(nei)司使务,或豪夺其田园居第,全(quan)(quan)(quan)义乃(nai)悉录(lu)进纳。四年,落河(he)南尹(yin),授(shou)忠武军(jun)节度使、检校太(tai)师(shi)、尚书(shu)令(ling)。会赵在礼(li)据魏州,都军(jun)进讨无功。时明(ming)宗已为群小间(jian)谍,端(duan)居私第。全(quan)(quan)(quan)义以(yi)(yi)卧疾闻(wen)变,忧(you)惧不食,薨于洛阳(yang)私第,时年七十五(wu)。天成初(chu),册赠太(tai)师(shi),谥(shi)曰(yue)忠肃。
全(quan)(quan)义(yi)历守太师(shi)、太傅(fu)、太尉(wei)、中书令,封王,邑万三千户(hu)。凡(fan)领方镇洛(luo)、郓(yun)、陕、滑、宋,三莅河(he)阳,再领许州,内外官历二(er)十九(jiu)任,尹正河(he)、洛(luo),凡(fan)四十年,位极(ji)人臣,善保终吉(ji)者,盖一人而(er)已。全(quan)(quan)义(yi)朴厚大(da)度,敦本务实(shi),起战士(shi)(shi)而(er)忘功名,尊儒业而(er)乐善道。家非士(shi)(shi)族,而(er)奖(jiang)爱(ai)衣冠,开幕(mu)府辟士(shi)(shi),必求(qiu)望实(shi),属邑补奏(zou),不(bu)任吏人。位极(ji)王公,不(bu)衣罗绮,心奉释、老,而(er)不(bu)溺左道。如是数者,人以(yi)为难。自庄宗至洛(luo)阳,趋向者皆(jie)由径以(yi)希恩(en)宠,全(quan)(quan)义(yi)不(bu)改素履,尽(jin)诚(cheng)而(er)已。言事者以(yi)梁祖(zu)为我(wo)世雠,宜斫棺燔(fan)柩,全(quan)(quan)义(yi)独上章申理,议者嘉之。
刘(liu)皇(huang)后尝从庄(zhuang)(zhuang)宗(zong)(zong)幸其(qi)(qi)(qi)第,奏云(yun):“妾孩幼遇乱(luan),失父母,欲拜全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)父。”许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)稽首(shou)(shou)奏曰(yue):“皇(huang)后万国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母仪,古今(jin)未(wei)有此(ci)(ci)事,臣(chen)无(wu)地自(zi)(zi)处。”庄(zhuang)(zhuang)宗(zong)(zong)敦(dun)逼再三,不获已(yi),乃受刘(liu)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)拜。既非(fei)(fei)所愿,君子(zi)(zi)不以(yi)(yi)为非(fei)(fei)。然全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)少长军(jun)中(zhong)(zhong),立性(xing)朴(po)滞,凡百姓有词讼(song),以(yi)(yi)先诉者(zhe)(zhe)为得(de)(de)理,以(yi)(yi)是(shi)人多(duo)枉滥,为时所非(fei)(fei)。又尝怒河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)县令(ling)罗(luo)贯(guan),因(yin)凭刘(liu)后谮于庄(zhuang)(zhuang)宗(zong)(zong),俾(bi)贯(guan)非(fei)(fei)罪而死(si),露尸于府(fu)门,冤(yuan)枉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声,闻于远近(jin),斯亦(yi)良玉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微瑕也(ye)。《五代史(shi)阙文》:梁(liang)(liang)(liang)乾化元年(nian)七月辛(xin)丑,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)祖(zu)幸全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)私(si)第。甲辰,归大内。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)史(shi)称:“上不豫,厌秋暑,幸宗(zong)(zong)奭私(si)第数日(ri),宰臣(chen)视事于仁政(zheng)亭,崇政(zheng)诸(zhu)司并止(zhi)(zhi)于河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)府(fu)廨署。”世(shi)传梁(liang)(liang)(liang)祖(zu)乱(luan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家,妇女悉皆(jie)进(jin)御(yu)(yu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)继祚(zuo)不胜愤耻,欲剚刃(ren)于梁(liang)(liang)(liang)祖(zu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)止(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“吾顷(qing)在河(he)(he)(he)阳(yang),遭李(li)(li)罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难,引太原(yuan)军(jun)围(wei)闭经(jing)年(nian),啖木屑(xie)以(yi)(yi)度朝夕(xi),死(si)在顷(qing)刻,得(de)(de)他(ta)救(jiu)援(yuan),以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)今(jin)日(ri),此(ci)(ci)恩不可负(fu)也(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)乃止(zhi)(zhi)。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)史(shi)云(yun)云(yun)者(zhe)(zhe),讳(hui)国(guo)恶(e)(e)也(ye)。臣(chen)谨案,《春(chun)秋》庄(zhuang)(zhuang)二年(nian),《经(jing)》曰(yue):“十(shi)有二月,夫(fu)人姜氏会(hui)齐侯于禚。”《传》曰(yue):“书(shu)(shu)(shu)奸也(ye)。”夫(fu)《经(jing)》言(yan)会(hui)者(zhe)(zhe),讳(hui)恶(e)(e),礼也(ye);《传》书(shu)(shu)(shu)奸者(zhe)(zhe),暴其(qi)(qi)(qi)罪以(yi)(yi)垂诫也(ye)。又《庄(zhuang)(zhuang)》二十(shi)二年(nian),《传》书(shu)(shu)(shu):陈完(wan)饮桓公酒,公曰(yue):“以(yi)(yi)火继之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”辞曰(yue):“臣(chen)卜其(qi)(qi)(qi)昼(zhou),未(wei)卜其(qi)(qi)(qi)夜。”岂(qi)有天(tian)子(zi)(zi)幸人臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家,留止(zhi)(zhi)数日(ri),奸乱(luan)萌(meng)矣(yi)。况全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)本出巢贼(zei),败依河(he)(he)(he)阳(yang)节度使(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)葛(ge)爽(shuang)(shuang),爽(shuang)(shuang)用为泽(ze)州刺史(shi),及爽(shuang)(shuang)死(si),全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事爽(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)仲方(fang),即与李(li)(li)罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同逐仲方(fang),罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帅河(he)(he)(he)阳(yang),全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)尹,未(wei)几,又逐罕(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自(zi)(zi)据河(he)(he)(he)阳(yang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)翻覆(fu)也(ye)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)。自(zi)(zi)是(shi)托迹硃梁(liang)(liang)(liang),斫丧唐室,惟(wei)勤劝课,其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)敛民(min)附贼(zei),以(yi)(yi)固恩宠(chong)。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)时,月进(jin)铠马,以(yi)(yi)补(bu)军(jun)实(shi)。及梁(liang)(liang)(liang)祖(zu)为友珪(gui)所弑,首(shou)(shou)进(jin)钱(qian)一百万,以(yi)(yi)助山陵。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)宗(zong)(zong)平(ping)中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan),全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合与敬翔、李(li)(li)振等族(zu)诛(zhu),又通赂于刘(liu)皇(huang)后,乘庄(zhuang)(zhuang)宗(zong)(zong)幸洛,言(yan)臣(chen)已(yi)有郊天(tian)费用。夫(fu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)匹夫(fu)也(ye),岂(qi)能自(zi)(zi)殖财赋(fu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)剥下(xia)奉上也(ye)又如(ru)此(ci)(ci)。晚年(nian)保证明宗(zong)(zong),欲为子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福(fu),师(shi)方(fang)渡河(he)(he)(he),鄴都兵乱(luan),全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)忧憾不食(shi),终以(yi)(yi)饿死(si)。未(wei)死(si)前,其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)继业讼(song)弟汝州防御(yu)(yu)使(shi)(shi)继孙(sun),庄(zhuang)(zhuang)宗(zong)(zong)贬房州司户,赐自(zi)(zi)尽(jin)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)制略(lve)曰(yue):“侵夺父权,惑乱(luan)家事,继鸟(niao)兽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),畜枭(xiao)獍(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)御(yu)(yu)家无(wu)法也(ye)又如(ru)此(ci)(ci)。河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)令(ling)罗(luo)贯(guan),方(fang)正文章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),事全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)稍慢(man),全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)怒告刘(liu)皇(huang)后,毙(bi)贯(guan)于枯木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),朝野冤(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。洛阳(yang)监军(jun)使(shi)(shi)尝收得(de)(de)李(li)(li)太尉平(ping)泉庄(zhuang)(zhuang)醒酒石,全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),监军(jun)不与,全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)附势作威(wei)也(ye)又如(ru)此(ci)(ci)。盖乱(luan)世(shi)贼(zei)臣(chen)耳,得(de)(de)保首(shou)(shou)领,为幸已(yi)多(duo)。晋天(tian)福(fu)中(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)继祚(zuo)谋反伏诛(zhu),识(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)知余殃在其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)也(ye)。臣(chen)读《庄(zhuang)(zhuang)宗(zong)(zong)实(shi)录(lu)》,见史(shi)官叙《全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)传》,虚美尤(you)甚,至(zhi)今(jin)负(fu)俗无(wu)识(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),尚以(yi)(yi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)义(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为名臣(chen),故(gu)因(yin)补(bu)阙文,粗论(lun)事迹云(yun)。
硃友(you)谦,字德光,许(xu)州人(ren)(ren),本名简(jian)(jian)。祖(zu)岩,父琮,世为(wei)(wei)陈、许(xu)小校。广(guang)明之(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan),简(jian)(jian)去乡(xiang)里,事(shi)渑(mian)池镇将柏夔为(wei)(wei)部隶。尝为(wei)(wei)盗于(yu)石(shi)壕、三乡(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)间,剽劫行(xing)旅。后事(shi)陕(shan)州节(jie)(jie)度(du)(du)使王珙(gong)(gong),积(ji)劳至(zhi)军校。珙(gong)(gong)性严急,御下无(wu)恩(en),牙将李璠(fan)者(zhe),珙(gong)(gong)深所倚爱(ai),小有违忤,暴加箠击,璠(fan)阴衔(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)。光化(hua)元(yuan)年,珙(gong)(gong)与弟河中节(jie)(jie)度(du)(du)使珂相(xiang)持,干(gan)戈日寻,珙(gong)(gong)兵(bing)屡败,部伍离心。二年六月,璠(fan)杀珙(gong)(gong),归附汴人(ren)(ren),梁祖(zu)表璠(fan)为(wei)(wei)陕(shan)州节(jie)(jie)度(du)(du)使。璠(fan)亦(yi)苛惨,军情不叶,简(jian)(jian)复攻璠(fan),璠(fan)冒刃获(huo)免,逃归于(yu)汴。三年,梁祖(zu)表简(jian)(jian)为(wei)(wei)陕(shan)州留(liu)后。九月,天子(zi)授(shou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)旄钺(yue)。车驾(jia)在凤翔,梁祖(zu)往来(lai),简(jian)(jian)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)益(yi)谨,奏(zou)授(shou)平章事(shi)。天复末(mo),昭宗迁都洛阳,驻(zhu)跸于(yu)陕(shan)。时朝士(shi)经乱(luan),簪裳不备(bei),简(jian)(jian)献上百副,请给百官,朝容稍备(bei)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)迎奉功,迁检校侍中。简(jian)(jian)与梁祖(zu)同宗,乃陈情于(yu)梁祖(zu)曰:“仆位崇将相(xiang),比无(wu)勋劳,皆元(yuan)帅(shuai)令公生(sheng)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)也。愿以(yi)(yi)(yi)微生(sheng)灰粉为(wei)(wei)效,乞以(yi)(yi)(yi)姓名,肩随宗室(shi)。”梁祖(zu)深赏其心,乃名之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)友(you)谦,编入属(shu)籍,待(dai)遇同于(yu)己子(zi)。友(you)谦亦(yi)尽心叶赞,功烈居多(duo)。
梁祖建(jian)号,移授(shou)河中节(jie)度使(shi)、检校(xiao)太尉,累拜中书(shu)令(ling),封冀(ji)王。及硃友(you)(you)(you)珪弑逆,友(you)(you)(you)谦意(yi)不(bu)(bu)怿,虽勉奉(feng)伪命(ming),中怀(huai)怏怏。友(you)(you)(you)珪征之(zhi),友(you)(you)(you)谦辞(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)北面侵轶(yi),谓宾友(you)(you)(you)曰(yue):“友(you)(you)(you)珪是先帝假(jia)子(zi),敢行(xing)大(da)(da)逆,余位列维城(cheng),恩逾(yu)父(fu)子(zi),论(lun)功校(xiao)德,何让伊人(ren),讵(ju)以(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)生附托之(zhi)恩,屈身于(yu)逆竖(shu)之(zhi)手!”遂不(bu)(bu)奉(feng)命(ming)。其(qi)年八月,友(you)(you)(you)珪遣大(da)(da)将牛存节(jie)、康(kang)怀(huai)英、韩勍(qing)攻之(zhi),友(you)(you)(you)谦乞师于(yu)庄(zhuang)宗。庄(zhuang)宗亲总军赴援,与(yu)汴军遇(yu)于(yu)平(ping)阳(yang),大(da)(da)破之(zhi)。《欧阳(yang)史(shi)》:晋王出(chu)泽(ze)潞(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)之(zhi),追(zhui)怀(huai)英于(yu)解(jie)县,大(da)(da)败(bai)之(zhi)。追(zhui)至白迳(jing)岭,夜秉(bing)炬击之(zhi),怀(huai)英又败(bai)。因与(yu)友(you)(you)(you)谦会于(yu)猗(yi)氏,友(you)(you)(you)谦盛陈感慨,愿敦盟约,庄(zhuang)宗欢甚。友(you)(you)(you)谦乘醉鼾寝于(yu)帐(zhang)中,庄(zhuang)宗熟视之(zhi),谓左(zuo)右(you)曰(yue):“冀(ji)王真贵人(ren)也,但(dan)憾其(qi)臂短耳(er)。”及梁末(mo)帝嗣位,以(yi)(yi)(yi)恩礼结其(qi)心;友(you)(you)(you)谦亦逊辞(ci)称籓,行(xing)其(qi)正朔。
天祐十七年,友(you)谦(qian)袭(xi)取同州,以(yi)其子(zi)(zi)令德为(wei)帅,请(qing)节钺于(yu)梁(liang),不获(huo)。友(you)谦(qian)即(ji)请(qing)之于(yu)庄宗,令幕客王(wang)正(zheng)言以(yi)节旄赐之,梁(liang)将(jiang)刘鄩(xin)、尹皓(hao)攻同州,友(you)谦(qian)来(lai)告急(ji),庄宗遣李嗣昭(zhao)、李存(cun)审将(jiang)兵(bing)赴(fu)之,败汴军于(yu)滑北,解围(wei)而还。初,刘鄩(xin)兵(bing)至蒲中,仓储(chu)匮乏,人(ren)心离贰,军民将(jiang)校,咸欲归梁(liang)。友(you)谦(qian)诸(zhu)子(zi)(zi)令锡(xi)等亦说其父曰:“晋(jin)王(wang)虽推心于(yu)我,然悬兵(bing)赴(fu)援,急(ji)维相(xiang)应,宁我负人(ren),择福宜重。请(qing)纳款于(yu)梁(liang),候刘鄩(xin)兵(bing)退(tui)后,与晋(jin)王(wang)修好。”友(you)谦(qian)曰:“晋(jin)王(wang)亲赴(fu)予(yu)急(ji),夜半秉烛战(zhan)贼,面为(wei)盟誓(shi),不负初心。昨闻吾(wu)告难,命将(jiang)星行(xing),助(zhu)我资粮,分(fen)我衣(yi)屦,而欲翻(fan)覆(fu)背惠,所谓邓(deng)祁侯云(yun)‘人(ren)将(jiang)不食(shi)吾(wu)余’也。”及破梁(liang)军,加守太尉、西平王(wang)。
同(tong)光(guang)元年,庄宗灭(mie)梁,友谦觐(jin)于(yu)洛阳。庄宗置宴(yan)飨劳,宠锡(xi)(xi)无算(suan),亲(qin)酌觞属友谦曰:“成吾大业者,公之力(li)也。”既归籓,请割(ge)慈、隰二郡,依旧隶河中,不许,诏以绛州隶之。又请解(jie)县(xian)两池(chi)榷盐,每(mei)额输(shu)省(sheng)课,许之。及(ji)郊(jiao)礼毕,以友谦为(wei)守太(tai)师、尚(shang)书令(ling),进食邑至万(wan)八千户(hu)。三年,赐姓,名继(ji)麟,编入属籍(ji),赐之铁(tie)券,恕死罪(zui)。以其子令(ling)德为(wei)遂州节度使,令(ling)锡(xi)(xi)为(wei)许州节度使。一门三镇(zhen),诸子为(wei)刺史者六七人,将校剖竹者又五六人,恩(en)宠之盛,时无与比。
庄(zhuang)宗(zong)季年,稍怠庶政(zheng),巷伯伶官,干预国事。时(shi)方(fang)面诸侯皆行(xing)赂遗,或求赂于(yu)(yu)(yu)继(ji)(ji)麟(lin),虽僶俛应奉(feng),不(bu)满其请。且曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)土薄民贫,厚贶(kuang)难办。”由是(shi)群(qun)小咸(xian)怨,遂加(jia)诬构(gou)。郭崇(chong)韬(tao)讨巴(ba)、蜀,征师于(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)中(zhong)(zhong),继(ji)(ji)麟(lin)令(ling)其子(zi)令(ling)德率师赴之。伶官景进与(yu)(yu)其党构(gou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昨王(wang)师初(chu)起,继(ji)(ji)麟(lin)以(yi)为讨己,颇有拒命之意(yi)(yi),若(ruo)(ruo)不(bu)除(chu)移(yi),如国家(jia)有急,必为后患。”郭崇(chong)韬(tao)既诛,宦官愈盛(sheng),遂构(gou)成其罪,谓(wei)庄(zhuang)宗(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“崇(chong)韬(tao)强项(xiang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)蜀,盖与(yu)(yu)河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)响应。”继(ji)(ji)麟(lin)闻之惧,将(jiang)赴京师,面诉(su)其事。其部(bu)将(jiang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“王(wang)有大(da)功于(yu)(yu)(yu)国,密迩京城(cheng),群(qun)小流言(yan),何(he)足介(jie)意(yi)(yi)。端(duan)居奉(feng)职,谗邪自销,不(bu)可轻(qing)行(xing)。”继(ji)(ji)麟(lin)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“郭公功倍于(yu)(yu)(yu)我(wo),尚为人(ren)构(gou)陷(xian),吾若(ruo)(ruo)得(de)面天颜,自陈(chen)肝膈(ge),则流言(yan)者获罪矣。”四年正月(yue),继(ji)(ji)麟(lin)入觐(jin)。景进谓(wei)庄(zhuang)宗(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)有告变者,言(yan)继(ji)(ji)麟(lin)与(yu)(yu)崇(chong)韬(tao)谋叛,闻崇(chong)韬(tao)死(si),又与(yu)(yu)李存乂构(gou)松(song)逆,当(dang)断不(bu)断,祸不(bu)旋踵。”群(qun)阉异(yi)口同(tong)辞(ci),庄(zhuang)宗(zong)骇惑不(bu)能决。是(shi)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)三日,授(shou)继(ji)(ji)麟(lin)滑州节度使。是(shi)夜(ye),令(ling)硃守殷以(yi)兵围其第,擒(qin)之,诛于(yu)(yu)(yu)徽安门(men)外(wai);诏继(ji)(ji)岌诛令(ling)德于(yu)(yu)(yu)遂州,王(wang)思同(tong)诛令(ling)锡于(yu)(yu)(yu)许州,吴缜《篡误》云:《伶官史彦琼传(chuan)》,友(you)谦(qian)有子(zi)建徽被杀。传(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)未载。命夏(xia)鲁奇(qi)诛其族于(yu)(yu)(yu)河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)。初(chu),鲁奇(qi)至,友(you)谦(qian)妻张氏率其家(jia)属(shu)二(er)百(bai)余口见鲁奇(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“请疏骨肉名(ming)字,无致(zhi)他人(ren)横死(si)。”将(jiang)刑(xing),张氏持先赐(ci)铁券授(shou)鲁奇(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“皇帝所赐(ci)也。”是(shi)时(shi),百(bai)口涂地,冤酷之声,行(xing)路(lu)流涕。
先(xian)是,河中衙城阍(hun)者夜见妇人数(shu)十,袨服靓妆,仆马炫耀,自外驰(chi)骋(cheng),笑(xiao)语趋衙城。阍(hun)者不知其故,不敢诘(jie),至(zhi)门排骑而入(ru),既而扃锁如故,复无(wu)人迹,乃知妖鬼也。又继麟(lin)登逍遥(yao)楼(lou),闻哭(ku)声四合,诘(jie)日讯之,巷无(wu)丧者,隔(ge)岁(sui)乃族诛。及明宗即位,始下(xia)诏昭(zhao)雪焉。
史臣(chen)曰:全义(yi)一逢乱世,十领名籓(fan),而能免梁(liang)祖之(zhi)雄猜,受(shou)庄宗之(zhi)厚遇,虽由(you)恭顺,亦(yi)系(xi)货财。《传》所谓“货以籓(fan)身(shen)”者,全义(yi)得之(zhi)矣(yi)。友谦向背为(wei)谋,二三其德,考其行事,亦(yi)匪纯(chun)臣(chen)。然全族之(zhi)诛(zhu),祸斯酷(ku)矣(yi),得非鬼神害(hai)盈,而天道恶(e)满乎!
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