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吕氏春秋--《仲夏纪第五》

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员整理

仲夏一曰:仲夏之月,日(ri)在(zai)东(dong)井,昏亢中(zhong),旦危(wei)中(zhong)。其(qi)日(ri)丙丁,其(qi)帝炎帝,其(qi)神祝融,其(qi)虫羽,其(qi)音徵(zhi),律中(zhong)蕤宾,其(qi)数(shu)七,其(qi)味(wei)苦,其(qi)臭(chou)焦,其(qi)祀灶,祭先肺。

小暑至,螳螂生,鸡始鸣,反舌无(wu)声。天子居明堂(tang)太庙,乘(cheng)朱辂、驾赤骝,载赤旗,衣朱衣,服赤玉,食菽与鸡,其(qi)器高以觕,养壮狡(jiao)。

是(shi)月也,命乐(le)师修鞀(tao)鞞鼓,均琴瑟管箫,执干戚戈羽,调(diao)竽笙埙篪(chi),饬锺(zhong)磬柷敔(yu)。命有司(si)为民祈祀(si)山川百原(yuan),大雩(yu)帝,用(yong)盛乐(le)。乃命百县(xian)雩(yu)祭祀(si)百辟卿士有益於民者,以祈谷实(shi)。农乃登(deng)黍。

是月也,天子以(yi)雏尝黍,羞(xiu)以(yi)含桃,先荐寝(qin)庙。令民无刈蓝以(yi)染,无烧(shao)炭,无暴布,门闾(lv)无闭,关市无索;挺重(zhong)囚,益其(qi)(qi)食,游(you)牝(pin)别其(qi)(qi)群(qun),则絷腾(teng)驹,班马正。

是月也,日(ri)长至,阴(yin)阳争,死生分。君子斋戒(jie),处必揜(yan),身欲静无(wu)(wu)躁,止声色(se),无(wu)(wu)或进,薄滋味,无(wu)(wu)致和,退嗜(shi)欲,定心气,百官静,事(shi)无(wu)(wu)刑,以定晏阴(yin)之所(suo)成。鹿角解,蝉始鸣,半夏生,木堇荣。

是月也(ye),无(wu)用火南方,可以(yi)居高明,可以(yi)远眺望,可以(yi)登(deng)山陵,可以(yi)处台榭。

仲夏行(xing)(xing)冬令,则(ze)雹霰伤谷,道路不通,暴兵来至;行(xing)(xing)春令,则(ze)五谷晚熟,百(bai)螣(teng)时起,其(qi)国乃(nai)饥;行(xing)(xing)秋令,则(ze)草木零落,果实早成,民殃於(wu)疫。

大(da)乐二(er)曰:音乐之所由来(lai)者远(yuan)矣。生於(wu)(wu)度量,本(ben)於(wu)(wu)太一(yi)(yi)。太一(yi)(yi)出(chu)两(liang)仪,两(liang)仪出(chu)阴(yin)阳。阴(yin)阳变化(hua)(hua),一(yi)(yi)上一(yi)(yi)下,合(he)而成章。浑浑沌(dun)沌(dun),离则(ze)复(fu)(fu)合(he),合(he)则(ze)复(fu)(fu)离,是谓(wei)天常。天地车轮,终则(ze)复(fu)(fu)始,极则(ze)复(fu)(fu)反,莫(mo)不咸当。日(ri)(ri)月(yue)星(xing)辰,或疾(ji)或徐,日(ri)(ri)月(yue)不同,以(yi)尽(jin)其(qi)行(xing)。四时(shi)代兴,或暑(shu)或寒,或短或长,或柔(rou)或刚。万物所出(chu),造於(wu)(wu)太一(yi)(yi),化(hua)(hua)於(wu)(wu)阴(yin)阳。萌芽始震(zhen),凝氵(shui)寒以(yi)形。形体有处,莫(mo)不有声(sheng)。声(sheng)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)和(he),和(he)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)适。和(he)适先王定乐,由此(ci)而生。

天(tian)(tian)下(xia)太平(ping),万物安宁。皆化(hua)其上,乐(le)(le)(le)(le)乃可(ke)(ke)(ke)成。成乐(le)(le)(le)(le)有(you)具,必(bi)节(jie)嗜欲。嗜欲不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辟,乐(le)(le)(le)(le)乃可(ke)(ke)(ke)务(wu)(wu)。务(wu)(wu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)有(you)术,必(bi)由(you)平(ping)出(chu)。平(ping)出(chu)於(wu)公,公出(chu)於(wu)道。故(gu)(gu)惟得(de)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,其可(ke)(ke)(ke)与言乐(le)(le)(le)(le)乎!亡国戮民,非(fei)(fei)(fei)无(wu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye),其乐(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。溺者(zhe)(zhe)非(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)笑也(ye)(ye)(ye),罪人非(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)歌也(ye)(ye)(ye),狂者(zhe)(zhe)非(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)武也(ye)(ye)(ye),乱世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)有(you)似於(wu)此(ci)。君臣失(shi)位,父(fu)子(zi)失(shi)处,夫妇(fu)失(shi)宜(yi),民人呻吟,其以(yi)为(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye),若之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何哉?凡(fan)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),天(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和,阴阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)调也(ye)(ye)(ye)。始(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)人者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)人,无(wu)事焉。天(tian)(tian)使(shi)人有(you)欲,人弗得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求;天(tian)(tian)使(shi)人有(you)恶(e),人弗得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辟。欲与恶(e),所受於(wu)天(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye),人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)与焉,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)变,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)易。世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学者(zhe)(zhe),有(you)非(fei)(fei)(fei)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)矣,安由(you)出(chu)哉?大乐(le)(le)(le)(le),君臣、父(fu)子(zi)、长少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所欢欣(xin)(xin)而(er)说(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。欢欣(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)平(ping),平(ping)生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)道。道也(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian),听(ting)(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)为(wei)(wei)状(zhuang)(zhuang)。有(you)知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)(jian)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻、无(wu)状(zhuang)(zhuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe),则几於(wu)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。道也(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe),至精也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)为(wei)(wei)形,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)为(wei)(wei)名(ming),强为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太一。故(gu)(gu)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)制令,两也(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)从听(ting)(ting)。先圣择两法一,是以(yi)知(zhi)万物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情。故(gu)(gu)能(neng)以(yi)一听(ting)(ting)政者(zhe)(zhe),乐(le)(le)(le)(le)君臣,和远(yuan)近,说(shuo)黔(qian)首,合宗亲;能(neng)以(yi)一治(zhi)(zhi)其身(shen)者(zhe)(zhe),免(mian)於(wu)灾,终其寿,全其天(tian)(tian);能(neng)以(yi)一治(zhi)(zhi)其国者(zhe)(zhe),奸(jian)邪去,贤者(zhe)(zhe)至,成大化(hua);能(neng)以(yi)一治(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe),寒暑适,风雨时(shi),为(wei)(wei)圣人。故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)一则明,明两则狂。

侈(chi)乐三曰:人(ren)莫不以(yi)其生生,而不知(zhi)其所(suo)以(yi)生;人(ren)莫不以(yi)其知(zhi)知(zhi),而不知(zhi)其所(suo)以(yi)知(zhi)。知(zhi)其所(suo)以(yi)知(zhi)之(zhi)谓知(zhi)道;不知(zhi)其所(suo)以(yi)知(zhi)之(zhi)谓弃(qi)宝。弃(qi)宝者(zhe)必(bi)离其咎(jiu)。世(shi)之(zhi)人(ren)主,多以(yi)珠(zhu)玉戈剑为(wei)(wei)(wei)宝,愈(yu)(yu)多而民愈(yu)(yu)怨,国人(ren)愈(yu)(yu)危,身愈(yu)(yu)危累,则失(shi)宝之(zhi)情矣。乱世(shi)之(zhi)乐与此(ci)同。为(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)革之(zhi)声(sheng)则若(ruo)雷,为(wei)(wei)(wei)金石之(zhi)声(sheng)则若(ruo)霆,为(wei)(wei)(wei)丝竹歌舞(wu)之(zhi)声(sheng)则若(ruo)噪。

以此(ci)骇心气、动耳(er)目(mu)、摇荡生则(ze)可矣,以此(ci)为乐则(ze)不乐。故乐愈侈,而民愈郁,国(guo)愈乱,主愈卑(bei),则(ze)亦失乐之情(qing)矣。

凡(fan)古圣王之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)贵乐(le)(le)(le)者(zhe),为(wei)(wei)其乐(le)(le)(le)也(ye)。夏(xia)桀(jie)、殷纣作为(wei)(wei)侈乐(le)(le)(le),大鼓、钟(zhong)、磬(qing)、管、箫之(zhi)(zhi)音,以(yi)钜为(wei)(wei)美(mei),以(yi)众为(wei)(wei)观(guan);俶诡殊瑰,耳所(suo)(suo)未尝闻,目所(suo)(suo)未尝见,务以(yi)相过,不用度(du)量。宋之(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)也(ye),作为(wei)(wei)千锺;齐之(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)也(ye),作为(wei)(wei)大吕(lv);楚之(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)也(ye),作为(wei)(wei)巫音。侈则侈矣,自(zi)有(you)道(dao)者(zhe)观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi),则失乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)。失乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),其乐(le)(le)(le)不乐(le)(le)(le)。乐(le)(le)(le)不乐(le)(le)(le)者(zhe),其民(min)必怨,其生必伤。其生之(zhi)(zhi)与乐(le)(le)(le)也(ye),若冰之(zhi)(zhi)於炎日,反(fan)以(yi)自(zi)兵(bing)。此生乎(hu)不知(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),而以(yi)侈为(wei)(wei)务故也(ye)。

乐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)情,譬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若肌肤形(xing)体(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)情性(xing)(xing)也。有(you)(you)情性(xing)(xing)则(ze)(ze)必(bi)有(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)养矣。寒、温、劳、逸(yi)、饥、饱,此六者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)非(fei)适(shi)(shi)也。凡养也者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),瞻非(fei)适(shi)(shi)而以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)适(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。能(neng)以久处其(qi)适(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)生长矣。生也者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)身(shen)固(gu)静,感而后(hou)知,或使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。遂而不返,制(zhi)乎(hu)嗜欲;制(zhi)乎(hu)嗜欲无(wu)穷(qiong),则(ze)(ze)必(bi)失其(qi)天矣。且夫嗜欲无(wu)穷(qiong),则(ze)(ze)必(bi)有(you)(you)贪(tan)鄙悖乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心、淫佚奸诈(zha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事矣。故强(qiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)劫(jie)弱(ruo),众者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)暴(bao)寡(gua),勇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)凌怯,壮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)傲幼,从此生矣。

适音四曰:耳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)欲声,心(xin)不乐(le),五音在前弗(fu)(fu)听(ting);目(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)欲色,心(xin)弗(fu)(fu)乐(le),五色在前弗(fu)(fu)视;鼻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)欲芬(fen)香,心(xin)弗(fu)(fu)乐(le),芬(fen)香在前弗(fu)(fu)嗅;口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)欲滋(zi)味,心(xin)弗(fu)(fu)乐(le),五味在前弗(fu)(fu)食。欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),耳目(mu)(mu)鼻口也;乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弗(fu)(fu)乐(le)者(zhe),心(xin)也。心(xin)必和(he)平然后乐(le)。心(xin)必乐(le),然后耳目(mu)(mu)鼻口有以(yi)欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)务在於和(he)心(xin),和(he)心(xin)在於行适。

夫乐有适,心亦有适。人之情:欲寿(shou)而(er)(er)恶(e)(e)夭,欲安而(er)(er)恶(e)(e)危,欲荣而(er)(er)恶(e)(e)辱,欲逸(yi)而(er)(er)恶(e)(e)劳。四欲得,四恶(e)(e)除,则(ze)(ze)心适矣(yi)(yi)。四欲之得也(ye),在於胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理。胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理以治(zhi)身,则(ze)(ze)生全以;生全则(ze)(ze)寿(shou)长(zhang)矣(yi)(yi)。胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理以治(zhi)国,则(ze)(ze)法立;法立则(ze)(ze)天(tian)下(xia)服矣(yi)(yi)。故(gu)适心之务(wu)在於胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理。

夫(fu)音亦有适:太巨(ju)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荡(dang),以荡(dang)听(ting)巨(ju)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)耳(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)容,不(bu)(bu)(bu)容则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)横塞(sai),横塞(sai)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)振;太小则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌,以嫌听(ting)小则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)耳(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充,不(bu)(bu)(bu)充则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)詹(zhan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)詹(zhan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)窕;太清则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危,以危听(ting)清则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)耳(er)(er)溪极,溪极则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)鉴(jian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)鉴(jian)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)竭;太浊(zhuo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,以下听(ting)浊(zhuo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)耳(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)收(shou),不(bu)(bu)(bu)收(shou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)特,不(bu)(bu)(bu)特则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)怒。故太巨(ju)、太小、太清、太浊(zhuo),皆非适也。

何谓(wei)适?衷,音之适也。何谓(wei)衷?大(da)不出钧(jun),重(zhong)不过(guo)石,小大(da)轻重(zhong)之衷也。

黄钟之宫(gong),音(yin)(yin)(yin)之本也,清浊之衷也。衷也者(zhe),适(shi)也。以(yi)(yi)适(shi)听适(shi)则和矣。乐无太,平和者(zhe)是也。故治世之音(yin)(yin)(yin)安以(yi)(yi)乐,其(qi)(qi)政平也;乱世之音(yin)(yin)(yin)怨以(yi)(yi)怒,其(qi)(qi)政乖也;亡(wang)国(guo)之音(yin)(yin)(yin)悲以(yi)(yi)哀(ai),其(qi)(qi)政险也。凡音(yin)(yin)(yin)乐,通(tong)乎(hu)政而(er)移风平俗者(zhe)也。俗定而(er)音(yin)(yin)(yin)乐化之矣。

故有(you)(you)道之(zhi)世,观其(qi)音(yin)而(er)知(zhi)其(qi)俗矣(yi),观其(qi)政而(er)知(zhi)其(qi)主矣(yi)。故先王(wang)必托於音(yin)乐以论其(qi)教。清庙之(zhi)瑟,朱弦而(er)疏越,一唱而(er)三叹,有(you)(you)进乎音(yin)者矣(yi)。大(da)飨之(zhi)礼(li),上玄尊而(er)俎生鱼,大(da)羹不(bu)和,有(you)(you)进乎味者也(ye)。故先王(wang)之(zhi)制礼(li)乐也(ye),非特以欢(huan)耳(er)目、极(ji)口腹之(zhi)欲也(ye),将(jiang)以教民(min)平好恶、行理义也(ye)。

古(gu)乐五曰:乐所由来者尚(shang)也,必不可废。有节(jie),有侈,有正,有淫矣。贤者以昌,不肖者以亡。

昔古朱襄氏之治天下也,多风而阳气畜积,万物散解(jie),果实不成(cheng),故士达作为五弦瑟,以来阴气,以定群生。

昔葛天氏之乐,三人操牛(niu)尾,投(tou)足以(yi)歌八阕:一曰(yue)载(zai)民,二曰(yue)玄鸟,三曰(yue)遂草木,四(si)曰(yue)奋五谷(gu),五曰(yue)敬天常,六曰(yue)达(da)帝(di)功,七曰(yue)依地德,八曰(yue)总(zong)万物之极。

昔(xi)陶(tao)唐氏(shi)之始,阴(yin)多,滞伏而(er)湛积,水(shui)道(dao)壅塞(sai),不行其原,民气郁阏而(er)滞著,筋骨瑟缩不达,故作为舞以(yi)宣导之。

昔黄(huang)帝令(ling)伶(ling)伦作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)律(lv)。伶(ling)伦自大夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西,乃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阮隃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴,取(qu)竹於(wu)嶰溪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谷,以(yi)生(sheng)空窍厚钧(jun)者,断两节间──其长三(san)寸(cun)九分──而(er)吹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)为(wei)(wei)黄(huang)钟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong),吹曰(yue)舍(she)少。次制十二(er)筒,以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阮隃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,听(ting)凤(feng)皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鸣,以(yi)别十二(er)律(lv)。其雄鸣为(wei)(wei)六,雌鸣亦六,以(yi)比黄(huang)锺(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong),适合;黄(huang)锺(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)皆(jie)可以(yi)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故曰(yue):黄(huang)锺(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong),律(lv)吕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。黄(huang)帝又(you)命伶(ling)伦与荣(rong)将铸十二(er)钟,以(yi)和(he)五音,以(yi)施(shi)英韶。以(yi)仲春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,乙卯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),日(ri)在(zai)奎,始奏(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)咸池。

帝(di)颛顼生自若(ruo)水(shui),实处空桑,乃登为帝(di)。惟天(tian)之合,正风乃行,其音若(ruo)熙(xi)(xi)熙(xi)(xi)凄凄锵(qiang)锵(qiang)。帝(di)颛顼好(hao)其音,乃令飞(fei)龙(long)作,效(xiao)八风之音,命之曰(yue)承云,以祭上帝(di)。

乃令鱓先为(wei)乐倡。鱓乃偃寝(qin),以其(qi)尾(wei)鼓其(qi)腹,其(qi)音英英。

帝喾命咸黑作为《声(sheng)歌》:《九招》、《六(liu)(liu)列》、《六(liu)(liu)英》。有倕(chui)作为鼙(pi)、鼓(gu)、钟、磬(qing)、吹苓(ling)、管、埙、篪(chi)、鼗、椎、锺。帝喾乃(nai)令人(ren)抃,或(huo)鼓(gu)鼙(pi),击(ji)钟磬(qing)、吹苓(ling)、展管篪(chi)。因(yin)令凤鸟、天翟(zhai)舞之。帝喾大喜,乃(nai)以康(kang)帝德(de)。

帝(di)尧立(li),乃(nai)(nai)命(ming)质(zhi)为乐(le)。质(zhi)乃(nai)(nai)效山林溪(xi)谷之(zhi)(zhi)音以歌,乃(nai)(nai)以麋<革各>置缶而鼓(gu)之(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)(nai)拊石击(ji)石,以象上帝(di)玉(yu)磬之(zhi)(zhi)音,以致舞(wu)百兽。瞽(gu)叟乃(nai)(nai)拌五(wu)弦之(zhi)(zhi)瑟(se),作(zuo)以为十五(wu)弦之(zhi)(zhi)瑟(se)。命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰《大(da)章》,以祭上帝(di)。

舜立,仰延,乃拌(ban)瞽叟之所为瑟,益(yi)之八弦,以为二十三弦之瑟。帝(di)舜乃令(ling)质(zhi)修《九(jiu)招》、《六列(lie)》、《六英》,以明帝(di)德。

禹立,勤劳天下,日夜不(bu)懈。通(tong)大(da)川,决壅塞(sai),凿(zao)龙(long)门(men),降通(tong)漻(liao)水以导河,疏三江五湖,注之东(dong)海,以利黔首(shou)。於是(shi)命(ming)皋陶作为《夏籥》九成,以昭其功(gong)。

殷汤即位,夏(xia)为无道(dao),暴虐万民,侵削诸(zhu)侯(hou),不用轨(gui)度,天下患之。汤於是(shi)率六(liu)州以讨桀(jie)罪。功名大(da)成,黔首安宁(ning)。汤乃命伊尹作为《大(da)护》,歌《晨露(lu)》,修《九招》、《六(liu)列》,以见(jian)其善(shan)。

周文王处岐,诸侯去殷三淫而翼文王。散宜生曰(yue):“殷可伐(fa)也(ye)。”文王弗许。

周(zhou)公(gong)旦(dan)乃作诗曰(yue):“文王(wang)在上,於昭于(yu)天(tian)。周(zhou)虽旧(jiu)邦,其命维新。”以绳文王(wang)之(zhi)德(de)。武王(wang)即位,以六师伐殷。六师未至,以锐兵(bing)克之(zhi)於牧(mu)野。归(gui),乃荐(jian)俘馘(guo)于(yu)京太室,乃命周(zhou)公(gong)为作《大武》。

成(cheng)王立(li),殷民反(fan),王命周(zhou)公(gong)践伐之(zhi)。商人服象(xiang),为(wei)虐于东夷。周(zhou)公(gong)遂以(yi)师(shi)逐之(zhi),至于江南。乃为(wei)《三象(xiang)》,以(yi)嘉其(qi)德。

故乐(le)之所(suo)由来者尚矣,非独为一世之所(suo)造也。

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