仲(zhong)秋(qiu)一曰:仲(zhong)秋(qiu)之月,日(ri)在角(jiao),昏(hun)牵牛中,旦(dan)觜(zui)巂(sui)中。其(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)庚(geng)辛,其(qi)(qi)(qi)帝少(shao)皞,其(qi)(qi)(qi)神蓐收,其(qi)(qi)(qi)虫毛,其(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)商(shang),律中南吕。其(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)九,其(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)辛,其(qi)(qi)(qi)臭腥,其(qi)(qi)(qi)祀门(men),祭先(xian)肝。凉风生,候鸟(niao)来(lai),玄鸟(niao)归,群鸟(niao)养羞(xiu)。天子居(ju)总章(zhang)太庙,乘戎路,驾白骆,载白旗,衣白衣,服白玉(yu),食麻与犬(quan),其(qi)(qi)(qi)器廉(lian)以深。
是月也(ye),养衰老,授几(ji)杖(zhang),行麋粥饮食。乃命司服具饬衣(yi)裳,文绣有(you)(you)(you)常(chang),制有(you)(you)(you)小大,度(du)有(you)(you)(you)短(duan)长,衣(yi)服有(you)(you)(you)量,必循其(qi)故(gu),冠带有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)。命有(you)(you)(you)司申严百刑,斩杀必当,无或枉桡(rao),枉桡(rao)不当,反(fan)受其(qi)殃。
是月也,乃命祝宰巡行犠(xi)牲,视(shi)全具,案(an)刍豢,瞻(zhan)肥瘠,察物色,必比(bi)类,量(liang)小大,视(shi)长短,皆中度。五者(zhe)备当,上帝(di)其(qi)享。天子乃傩,御佐疾,以通秋气。
以犬尝麻(ma),先祭寝庙。
是月(yue)也,可以筑城郭,建都邑(yi),穿窦窌,修囷仓(cang)。乃(nai)命有司趣民收敛(lian),务蓄菜,多积(ji)聚。乃(nai)劝种麦,无(wu)或失时,行(xing)罪无(wu)疑(yi)。
是月也,日(ri)夜分(fen),雷(lei)乃始收声,蛰虫(chong)俯户(hu)。杀气浸(jin)盛,阳(yang)气日(ri)衰(shuai),水(shui)始涸(he)。
日(ri)夜分,则一度量,平(ping)权衡(heng),正(zheng)钧石,齐斗(dou)甬(yong)。
是月也,易(yi)关市,来(lai)商(shang)旅,入货(huo)贿,以便民事(shi)。四(si)方来(lai)杂(za),远乡皆至,则财物(wu)不匮(kui),上无(wu)乏用,百事(shi)乃(nai)遂。凡举事(shi)无(wu)逆(ni)天数,必顺其(qi)时,乃(nai)因其(qi)类。
行之(zhi)是令,白露降三旬。仲秋(qiu)(qiu)行春(chun)令,则秋(qiu)(qiu)雨不降,草(cao)木(mu)生荣,国乃有大恐。
行夏令,则(ze)其国旱,蛰虫不藏(zang),五谷(gu)复生。行冬令,则(ze)风(feng)灾(zai)数(shu)起(qi),收雷(lei)先行,草木(mu)早死。
论(lun)威(wei)二曰:义也者(zhe),万事(shi)之(zhi)纪也,君臣、上下、亲疏之(zhi)所由(you)起也,治(zhi)乱、安危、过(guo)胜之(zhi)所在(zai)也。过(guo)胜之(zhi),勿求於他,必反於己。
人情欲生而恶死(si),欲荣而恶辱。死(si)生荣辱之道一,则三(san)军之士可使一心矣。
凡军(jun),欲其(qi)(qi)众也;心(xin),欲其(qi)(qi)一(yi)也。三(san)军(jun)一(yi)心(xin),则令(ling)(ling)可使无(wu)敌(di)(di)矣(yi)。令(ling)(ling)能(neng)无(wu)敌(di)(di)者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)兵(bing)之於(wu)天下也,亦无(wu)敌(di)(di)矣(yi)。古之至兵(bing),民之重令(ling)(ling)也,重乎(hu)天下,贵乎(hu)天子。其(qi)(qi)藏於(wu)民心(xin),捷於(wu)肌肤(fu)也,深痛执固,不可摇荡,物莫之能(neng)动(dong)。若此(ci)则敌(di)(di)胡足(zu)胜(sheng)(sheng)矣(yi)?故曰(yue):其(qi)(qi)令(ling)(ling)强者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)敌(di)(di)弱,其(qi)(qi)令(ling)(ling)信者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)敌(di)(di)诎。先胜(sheng)(sheng)之於(wu)此(ci),则必胜(sheng)(sheng)之於(wu)彼矣(yi)。
凡兵,天(tian)下之凶(xiong)器也;勇,天(tian)下之凶(xiong)德也。举凶(xiong)器,行凶(xiong)德,犹(you)不得已也。
举凶器(qi)必杀,杀,所(suo)以(yi)生之也(ye);行凶德必威(wei),威(wei),所(suo)以(yi)慑之也(ye)。敌慑民生,此义兵之所(suo)以(yi)隆也(ye)。故古之至兵,才(cai)民未合,而威(wei)已谕(yu)矣,敌已服矣,岂必用枹鼓干戈哉(zai)?故善谕(yu)威(wei)者,於其未发也(ye),於其未通也(ye),窅窅乎冥冥,莫知其情,此之谓至威(wei)之诚。
凡(fan)兵,欲急(ji)疾捷先(xian)。欲急(ji)疾捷先(xian)之道,在於知缓(huan)徐迟后而急(ji)疾捷先(xian)之分(fen)也(ye)。
急疾(ji)捷先,此所以决义兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胜也。而(er)(er)不可久处(chu),知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)不可久处(chu),则(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)所兔起凫(fu)举(ju)死(si)<歹昬(hun)>之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地矣(yi)(yi)。虽有(you)江河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)险则(ze)凌(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虽有(you)大山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塞则(ze)陷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。并气专精,心无(wu)有(you)虑,目无(wu)有(you)视,耳(er)无(wu)有(you)闻,一(yi)诸武(wu)而(er)(er)已矣(yi)(yi)。冉(ran)叔誓必(bi)(bi)死(si)於田侯,而(er)(er)齐国(guo)皆惧;豫(yu)让(rang)必(bi)(bi)死(si)於襄(xiang)子,而(er)(er)赵氏(shi)皆恐;成荆致死(si)於韩主,而(er)(er)周人(ren)皆畏;又况乎(hu)(hu)万(wan)乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)而(er)(er)有(you)所诚必(bi)(bi)乎(hu)(hu)?则(ze)何敌(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)矣(yi)(yi)?刃未接而(er)(er)欲已得(de)矣(yi)(yi)。敌(di)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悼惧惮恐、单荡精神(shen),尽矣(yi)(yi),咸若狂魄,形(xing)性(xing)相离,行不知(zhi)(zhi)所之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),走不知(zhi)(zhi)所往,虽有(you)险阻要(yao)塞、銛兵利械,心无(wu)敢据,意无(wu)敢处(chu),此夏(xia)桀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以死(si)於南(nan)巢(chao)也。今(jin)以木(mu)击木(mu)则(ze)拌,以水投(tou)(tou)水则(ze)散,以冰投(tou)(tou)冰则(ze)沈(shen),以涂投(tou)(tou)涂则(ze)陷,以疾(ji)徐先后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势(shi)也。
夫兵有(you)大要(yao),知谋物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁(jin)也,则(ze)(ze)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。专(zhuan)诸是也,独手(shou)举剑(jian)至而已矣,吴(wu)王壹成。又况乎(hu)义兵,多者(zhe)数万(wan),少者(zhe)数千,密其躅路,开敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途(tu),则(ze)(ze)士岂特(te)与(yu)专(zhuan)诸议哉!简选三曰(yue):世有(you)言曰(yue):“驱市人(ren)(ren)而战之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可以(yi)胜人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚禄教卒(zu)(zu);老弱罢民(min),可以(yi)胜人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)士练(lian)材(cai);离(li)散系系,可以(yi)胜人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行陈整齐(qi);锄(chu)耰白梃,可以(yi)胜人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长铫利(li)(li)(li)兵。”此不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通乎(hu)兵者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论。今有(you)利(li)(li)(li)剑(jian)於此,以(yi)刺则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中,以(yi)击则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及,与(yu)恶(e)(e)剑(jian)无择,为是斗(dou)因用恶(e)(e)剑(jian)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可。简选精(jing)良,兵械(xie)銛利(li)(li)(li),发之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时(shi),纵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当,与(yu)恶(e)(e)卒(zu)(zu)无择,为是战因用恶(e)(e)卒(zu)(zu)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可。王子庆忌、陈年(nian)犹(you)欲剑(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)也。简选精(jing)良,兵械(xie)銛利(li)(li)(li),令能将将之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),古者(zhe)有(you)以(yi)王者(zhe)、有(you)以(yi)霸(ba)者(zhe)矣,汤、武(wu)、齐(qi)桓、晋文(wen)、吴(wu)阖庐是矣。
殷(yin)汤良车七十乘,必死六(liu)千人,以戊子战於郕,遂禽推移、大犠,登自鸣条(tiao),乃入(ru)巢门,遂有夏。桀既(ji)奔走,於是行大仁慈(ci),以恤黔首(shou),反桀之事,遂其贤良,顺(shun)民所喜(xi),远近归之,故王天下(xia)。
武王虎贲三千人,简车三百(bai)乘,以要甲子(zi)之(zhi)事於收野,而纣为(wei)禽(qin)。显(xian)贤者之(zhi)位,进殷(yin)之(zhi)遗老(lao),而问民之(zhi)所(suo)欲,行赏(shang)及(ji)禽(qin)兽,行罚不辟天(tian)子(zi),亲殷(yin)如(ru)周(zhou),视(shi)人如(ru)己,天(tian)下美其(qi)(qi)德,万民说(shuo)其(qi)(qi)义,故立为(wei)天(tian)子(zi)。
齐桓公(gong)良车三百乘,教卒万人(ren),以为兵(bing)首(shou),横行海内,天下莫之能(neng)禁,南至(zhi)(zhi)石梁,西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)酆郭(guo),北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)令支。中山(shan)亡邢,狄(di)人(ren)灭卫,桓公(gong)更(geng)立邢于夷仪,更(geng)立卫于楚(chu)丘。
晋文公造五(wu)两之(zhi)(zhi)士五(wu)乘(cheng),锐(rui)卒千人,先以接敌,诸侯莫之(zhi)(zhi)能难。反郑之(zhi)(zhi)埤(pi),东卫之(zhi)(zhi)亩,尊天子於衡雍。
吴阖庐选多(duo)力者(zhe)五百人(ren),利趾(zhi)者(zhe)三千人(ren),以(yi)为前陈,与荆战,五战五胜,遂有(you)郢(ying)。东(dong)征(zheng)至于庳庐,西伐至於(wu)巴、蜀(shu),北(bei)迫齐、晋,令行中(zhong)国。
故凡兵势险(xian)阻,欲(yu)其(qi)便也(ye);兵甲器(qi)械(xie),欲(yu)其(qi)利也(ye);选练角材,欲(yu)其(qi)精也(ye);统率(lv)士民,欲(yu)其(qi)教也(ye)。此四者,义(yi)兵之(zhi)助也(ye),时(shi)变之(zhi)应也(ye),不可为而不足专恃(shi)。此胜之(zhi)一策也(ye)。
决(jue)(jue)胜四曰:夫(fu)兵有本干(gan):必义,必智(zhi)(zhi),必勇(yong)。义则(ze)敌孤独(du),敌孤独(du)则(ze)上下虚,民解(jie)落;孤独(du)则(ze)父兄怨,贤(xian)者(zhe)诽,乱(luan)内(nei)作。智(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)知(zhi)时(shi)化(hua),知(zhi)时(shi)化(hua)则(ze)知(zhi)虚实盛(sheng)衰之变,知(zhi)先后远近纵舍之数。勇(yong)则(ze)能决(jue)(jue)断,能决(jue)(jue)断则(ze)能若雷电飘(piao)风暴雨,能若崩山破(po)溃、别辨霣坠;若鸷鸟之击也,搏(bo)攫则(ze)殪,中木则(ze)碎。此以智(zhi)(zhi)得也。
夫民(min)无(wu)常勇(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),亦无(wu)常怯(qie)。有气(qi)则(ze)实,实则(ze)勇(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);无(wu)气(qi)则(ze)虚(xu),虚(xu)则(ze)怯(qie)。怯(qie)勇(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)虚(xu)实,其(qi)(qi)由甚微,不可不知。勇(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)则(ze)战(zhan)(zhan),怯(qie)则(ze)北。战(zhan)(zhan)而(er)(er)胜者,战(zhan)(zhan)其(qi)(qi)勇(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者也(ye);战(zhan)(zhan)而(er)(er)北者,战(zhan)(zhan)其(qi)(qi)怯(qie)者也(ye)。怯(qie)勇(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)无(wu)常,倏(shu)忽(hu)往来(lai),而(er)(er)莫知其(qi)(qi)方,惟(wei)圣人(ren)独见其(qi)(qi)所由然(ran)。故商、周以(yi)兴,桀、纣以(yi)亡(wang)。巧拙之所以(yi)相过,以(yi)益民(min)气(qi)与夺(duo)民(min)气(qi),以(yi)能斗众(zhong)与不能斗众(zhong)。
军(jun)虽(sui)大,卒(zu)虽(sui)多,无益於(wu)胜。军(jun)大卒(zu)多而(er)不能斗,众不若其寡也(ye)(ye)。夫众之为(wei)福也(ye)(ye)大,其为(wei)祸也(ye)(ye)亦(yi)大。譬(pi)之若渔(yu)深(shen)渊,其得鱼也(ye)(ye)大,其为(wei)害也(ye)(ye)亦(yi)大。善用(yong)兵者,诸边之内莫(mo)不与(yu)斗,虽(sui)厮(si)舆白(bai)徒(tu),方数百里皆来会战,势使(shi)之然也(ye)(ye)。幸也(ye)(ye)者,审於(wu)战期而(er)有以羁诱之也(ye)(ye)。
凡兵,贵其因(yin)(yin)也(ye)。因(yin)(yin)也(ye)者,因(yin)(yin)敌之(zhi)(zhi)险以为(wei)己(ji)固(gu),因(yin)(yin)敌之(zhi)(zhi)谋(mou)以为(wei)己(ji)事。能(neng)(neng)审(shen)因(yin)(yin)而加,胜(sheng)(sheng)则不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)穷矣。胜(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)穷之(zhi)(zhi)谓神,神则能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)胜(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)。夫(fu)兵,贵不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)胜(sheng)(sheng)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)胜(sheng)(sheng)在己(ji),可(ke)(ke)胜(sheng)(sheng)在彼(bi)。圣人必(bi)(bi)在己(ji)者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)在彼(bi)者,故执(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)胜(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)术以遇不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)敌,若此,则兵无失矣。凡兵之(zhi)(zhi)胜(sheng)(sheng),敌之(zhi)(zhi)失也(ye)。胜(sheng)(sheng)失之(zhi)(zhi)兵,必(bi)(bi)隐必(bi)(bi)微,必(bi)(bi)积必(bi)(bi)抟。
隐(yin)(yin)则胜(sheng)(sheng)阐矣(yi)(yi),微则胜(sheng)(sheng)显矣(yi)(yi),积则胜(sheng)(sheng)散矣(yi)(yi),抟则胜(sheng)(sheng)离矣(yi)(yi)。诸(zhu)搏(bo)攫(jue)柢噬(shi)之兽(shou),其用(yong)齿角爪牙(ya)也,必托於(wu)卑微隐(yin)(yin)蔽,此所以(yi)成(cheng)胜(sheng)(sheng)。
爱士五曰:衣人(ren)以其(qi)寒也,食人(ren)以其(qi)饥(ji)也。饥(ji)寒,人(ren)之大害也;救(jiu)之,义也。人(ren)之困(kun)穷,甚如(ru)饥(ji)寒,故贤主必怜(lian)人(ren)之困(kun)也,必哀(ai)人(ren)之穷也。如(ru)此则名号显(xian)矣,国士得矣。
昔者(zhe)秦缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乘马而(er)车(che)为(wei)败(bai),右(you)服失而(er)野人(ren)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)自(zi)往求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),见野人(ren)方将食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於岐山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)。缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)叹曰:“食(shi)骏马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉而(er)不还饮酒,余恐其(qi)(qi)(qi)伤女也!”於是遍(bian)饮而(er)去(qu)。处一年,为(wei)韩原之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战。晋(jin)人(ren)已(yi)(yi)环缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)矣,晋(jin)梁(liang)由靡已(yi)(yi)扣缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左骖矣,晋(jin)惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右(you)路石奋投(tou)而(er)击缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甲,中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)已(yi)(yi)六(liu)札矣。野人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尝(chang)食(shi)马肉於岐山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)者(zhe)三百有馀人(ren),毕力(li)为(wei)缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)疾(ji)斗於车(che)下(xia),遂大克晋(jin),反获惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)归(gui)。此《诗》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所谓曰“君君子则(ze)正,以(yi)行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de);君贱(jian)人(ren)则(ze)宽,以(yi)尽其(qi)(qi)(qi)力(li)”者(zhe)也。人(ren)主其(qi)(qi)(qi)胡可以(yi)无(wu)务行(xing)德(de)(de)爱人(ren)乎(hu)?行(xing)德(de)(de)爱人(ren),则(ze)民亲(qin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang);民亲(qin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang),则(ze)皆乐为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)君死矣。
赵(zhao)简子有两(liang)白(bai)骡(luo)而(er)甚爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。阳城胥(xu)渠处(chu)广(guang)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官,夜(ye)款门(men)而(er)谒曰:“主君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣胥(xu)渠有疾,医教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰;‘得白(bai)骡(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肝,病则(ze)止(zhi);不(bu)得则(ze)死(si)(si)。’”谒者入通(tong)。董安于御於(wu)侧,愠曰:“嘻!胥(xu)渠也(ye)(ye)。期(qi)吾君(jun)骡(luo),请(qing)即刑焉。”简子曰:“夫杀(sha)人(ren)(ren)以活畜(chu),不(bu)亦不(bu)仁乎?杀(sha)畜(chu)以活人(ren)(ren),不(bu)亦仁乎?”於(wu)是召庖人(ren)(ren)杀(sha)白(bai)骡(luo),取肝以与阳城胥(xu)渠。处(chu)无几何,赵(zhao)兴兵(bing)而(er)攻翟。广(guang)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官,左七百人(ren)(ren),右七百人(ren)(ren),皆(jie)(jie)先(xian)登而(er)获甲首。人(ren)(ren)主其胡可以不(bu)好士?凡敌(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来也(ye)(ye),以求利也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)来而(er)得死(si)(si),且以走为(wei)利。敌(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)以走为(wei)利,则(ze)刃(ren)无与接。故(gu)敌(di)(di)(di)得生(sheng)於(wu)我(wo),则(ze)我(wo)得死(si)(si)於(wu)敌(di)(di)(di);敌(di)(di)(di)得死(si)(si)於(wu)我(wo),则(ze)我(wo)得生(sheng)於(wu)敌(di)(di)(di)。夫得生(sheng)於(wu)敌(di)(di)(di),与敌(di)(di)(di)得生(sheng)於(wu)我(wo),岂可不(bu)察哉?此(ci)兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精者也(ye)(ye)。存亡(wang)死(si)(si)生(sheng)决(jue)於(wu)知(zhi)此(ci)而(er)已(yi)矣。