安砚方 译注
【说明与解析】
公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)806年(nian)(nian),周(zhou)(zhou)宣王(wang)封其弟友于郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(今(jin)(jin)陕西华县东(dong)),是为(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)。周(zhou)(zhou)幽王(wang)时(shi),身为(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)室司徒的(de)(de)(de)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong),看到西周(zhou)(zhou)行将(jiang)灭(mie)亡,就在(zai)太史(shi)伯的(de)(de)(de)建议下,将(jiang)财产(chan)、部族、宗族连同商人(ren)迁(qian)移(yi)到东(dong)虢(guó,国(guo)(guo)(guo))和(he)(he)郐(kuai)之间(jian)(今(jin)(jin)河南嵩山以东(dong)地区)。两年(nian)(nian)后(hou),犬戎杀死周(zhou)(zhou)幽王(wang),并杀郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)。继位的(de)(de)(de)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)攻灭(mie)郐(kuai)和(he)(he)东(dong)虢,建立郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo),都新郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)以和(he)(he)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)相继为(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)平王(wang)卿士,且能控制内部卿大夫的(de)(de)(de)势(shi)力,在(zai)春(chun)秋初年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)历(li)史(shi)上(shang),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)甚为(wei)活跃。但以后(hou)由于内乱叠(die)起(qi),国(guo)(guo)(guo)势(shi)逐渐(jian)衰弱,于公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)375年(nian)(nian)为(wei)韩国(guo)(guo)(guo)所灭(mie)。《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)世家》向人(ren)们介绍了这个(ge)夹在(zai)大国(guo)(guo)(guo)之间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)艰难曲折(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)发(fa)展历(li)程。子产(chan)对(dui)于郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)生存和(he)(he)发(fa)展做出了巨大贡献。
子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)知识渊博,以(yi)(yi)礼治政(zheng)(zheng),仁义爱(ai)人(ren),善于(yu)辞(ci)令(ling)。他在(zai)为(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)卿之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),使郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)免于(yu)失败。当子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)弑(shi)杀(sha)(sha)公(gong)(gong)并“欲自立(li)为(wei)(wei)君”时(shi)(shi),公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔又派尉止(zhi)去杀(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)而(er)(er)“欲自立(li)”,这时(shi)(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)说:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)为(wei)(wei)不可,诛之(zhi)(zhi),今之(zhi)(zhi)效之(zhi)(zhi),是乱(luan)无时(shi)(shi)息也。”从(cong)而(er)(er)制止(zhi)了(le)即(ji)将发生(sheng)的(de)无休止(zhi)的(de)内乱(luan),安(an)定(ding)了(le)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君“封子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)以(yi)(yi)六邑”,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)反复谦让,只“受其三邑”。在(zai)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)“执政(zheng)(zheng)者侈”的(de)环境(jing)中(zhong),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)的(de)行(xing)为(wei)(wei)能可贵(gui)的(de)。因此,当诸(zhu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)争宠相杀(sha)(sha),又欲杀(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)时(shi)(shi),有的(de)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不得不进谏说:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)仁人(ren),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所以(yi)(yi)存(cun)者子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)也,勿杀(sha)(sha)!”可见,是子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)保(bao)存(cun)了(le)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)多次随从(cong)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出使晋、楚大(da)国(guo)(guo),并郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君会见各(ge)国(guo)(guo)诸(zhu)侯,搞好(hao)外(wai)交,使郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)在(zai)复杂的(de)环境(jing)中(zhong)得以(yi)(yi)顺利发展。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)曾谓韩宣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰:“为(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)必(bi)以(yi)(yi)德,毋忘所以(yi)(yi)立(li)。”当郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)发生(sheng)火灾,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君“欲禳(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)”时(shi)(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)建(jian)议(yi):“不如修德。”因而(er)(er)当子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)去世后,“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)皆哭泣,悲之(zhi)(zhi)如亡亲(qin)戚。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)(chan)的(de)言(yan)行(xing)赢得了(le)百(bai)姓由衷的(de)崇敬(jing)。
《左传(chuan)》还记载了(le)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产最著名的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)张(zhang)(zhang),即“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)毁乡校(xiao)”。“郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)游于(yu)乡校(xiao),以(yi)论(lun)(lun)执(zhi)政。”然明建(jian)议(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产“毁乡校(xiao)”,但子(zi)(zi)(zi)产说:“夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)朝夕退而(er)游焉,以(yi)议(yi)执(zhi)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)否。其所善(shan)者,吾(wu)则行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其所恶(e)者,吾(wu)则改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是吾(wu)师(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何毁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?我闻(wen)忠(zhong)善(shan)以(yi)损怨,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻(wen)作(zuo)恶(e)以(yi)防(fang)凶。岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遽(ju)止,然犹防(fang)川(chuan),大(da)决所犯(fan),伤(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必多,吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)克救也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如小决使道。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如吾(wu)闻(wen)而(er)药(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”允许人(ren)(ren)(ren)们随意(yi)议(yi)论(lun)(lun)“执(zhi)政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)否”,这(zhei)(zhei)对(dui)(dui)统治者来(lai)(lai)说,就(jiu)(jiu)已经十分不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易了(le),而(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产身居卿相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高位,居然主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)动提出这(zhei)(zhei)种主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)张(zhang)(zhang),并(bing)保留乡校(xiao);从(cong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)们的(de)议(yi)论(lun)(lun)中(zhong)(zhong),择善(shan)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),择恶(e)改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),这(zhei)(zhei)对(dui)(dui)统治者来(lai)(lai)说,就(jiu)(jiu)是更上(shang)一层楼了(le)。而(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产决心实施这(zhei)(zhei)一措施,并(bing)深刻认识到,只有(you)行于(yu)忠(zhong)善(shan)才能最终减少(shao)怨恨。向人(ren)(ren)(ren)们施展权威固能防(fang)止怨恨,制止议(yi)论(lun)(lun),但这(zhei)(zhei)却如同(tong)“防(fang)川(chuan)”,终有(you)一天“大(da)决所犯(fan),伤(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必多,吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)克救也(ye)(ye)(ye)”,“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如小决使道”,让自己(ji)把人(ren)(ren)(ren)们的(de)议(yi)论(lun)(lun)当作(zuo)苦口良药(yao),从(cong)而(er)调整政策,修(xiu)正(zheng)错误。在(zai)两(liang)千(qian)多年(nian)前,就(jiu)(jiu)能具(ju)有(you)这(zhei)(zhei)样的(de)高明见解(jie),实为(wei)凤毛麟角。子(zi)(zi)(zi)产的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)张(zhang)(zhang)、论(lun)(lun)断、见解(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)可(ke)算(suan)作(zuo)我国传(chuan)统文化的(de)精华。可(ke)惜,司马(ma)迁在(zai)《史记》中(zhong)(zhong)对(dui)(dui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)产的(de)记载甚少(shao),这(zhei)(zhei)的(de)确是个缺憾。
郑国在(zai)不长的(de)(de)历史中(zhong)(zhong)还产生(sheng)(sheng)了具(ju)有爱(ai)国行为(wei)的(de)(de)商人弦(xian)(xian)高(gao)。“秦谬(miu)公使三将(jiang)将(jiang)兵(bing)欲袭郑,至滑,逢郑贾人弦(xian)(xian)高(gao)”,弦(xian)(xian)高(gao)急中(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)智(zhi),拿出(chu)自己做(zuo)生(sheng)(sheng)意(yi)用(yong)的(de)(de)十(shi)二头牛慰劳秦军,秦谬(miu)公竟误(wu)以为(wei)郑国早(zao)已获得秦军偷袭的(de)(de)消(xiao)息而作好迎战的(de)(de)充(chong)分准(zhun)备,便急率军回国。弦(xian)(xian)高(gao)的(de)(de)爱(ai)国行为(wei)使郑国免遭一场(chang)灭(mie)顶之灾。
郑(zheng)桓公友是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)厉(li)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小儿子,周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弟弟。宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)即(ji)位(wei)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)二年(nian),友才被封到郑(zheng)地(di)(di)。封了(le)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian),百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)都喜爱他(ta)(ta)。幽(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)任命他(ta)(ta)为司徒。他(ta)(ta)使周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)朝(chao)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)和(he)睦相处(chu)(chu),百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)都十(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)高兴(xing),黄(huang)河、洛(luo)水(shui)(shui)流域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人们都思念(nian)他(ta)(ta)。在(zai)他(ta)(ta)做司徒一年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时候,因(yin)为幽(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)宠爱褒姒,朝(chao)迁政事废弃不顾,问题积(ji)重(zhong)难返(fan),有(you)些诸(zhu)侯背叛了(le)幽(you)(you)王(wang)(wang),于是(shi)(shi)桓公询问太(tai)(tai)(tai)史伯(bo)(bo)(bo)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“王(wang)(wang)室灾难深重(zhong),我(wo)(wo)(wo)怎(zen)么才能(neng)死里(li)(li)逃生呢?”太(tai)(tai)(tai)史伯(bo)(bo)(bo)回(hui)答(da)(da)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“只有(you)洛(luo)水(shui)(shui)东、黄(huang)河南可(ke)以(yi)安(an)居。”桓公问:“为什么?”太(tai)(tai)(tai)史伯(bo)(bo)(bo)回(hui)答(da)(da)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“那(nei)(nei)(nei)一带邻近虢国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、虢国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)既贪婪(lan)又喜好(hao)占小便宜(yi),百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)不顺从(cong)他(ta)(ta)们。现在(zai),您(nin)(nin)是(shi)(shi)司徒,百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)都热爱您(nin)(nin),您(nin)(nin)如真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)请求住(zhu)在(zai)那(nei)(nei)(nei)一带,虢国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)看到您(nin)(nin)正当权,会很(hen)容易地(di)(di)分(fen)给您(nin)(nin)土地(di)(di)。您(nin)(nin)如真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)住(zhu)在(zai)那(nei)(nei)(nei)一带,虢国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)都是(shi)(shi)您(nin)(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)了(le)。”桓公:“我(wo)(wo)(wo)想到南边(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)长江流域住(zhu),怎(zen)么样?”太(tai)(tai)(tai)史回(hui)答(da)(da)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“过去(qu)祝融替高辛氏掌(zhang)管火,功(gong)劳甚大,但他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后代(dai)在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)朝(chao)也没(mei)有(you)兴(xing)盛(sheng)起来,楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)就是(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后代(dai)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)室衰弱(ruo),楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一定兴(xing)盛(sheng)。楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)如果兴(xing)盛(sheng),对郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)绝对没(mei)有(you)好(hao)处(chu)(chu)。”桓公说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo);“我(wo)(wo)(wo)想住(zhu)在(zai)西方,怎(zen)么样?”太(tai)(tai)(tai)史伯(bo)(bo)(bo)回(hui)答(da)(da)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“那(nei)(nei)(nei)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)既贪婪(lan)又好(hao)利(li),难以(yi)久居。”桓公说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)室衰弱(ruo),哪国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)将兴(xing)盛(sheng)呢?”太(tai)(tai)(tai)史伯(bo)(bo)(bo)回(hui)答(da)(da)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“齐、秦(qin)、晋、楚(chu)(chu)吧?齐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),姓(xing)姜,是(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)夷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后代(dai),伯(bo)(bo)(bo)夷曾辅助尧(yao)掌(zhang)管仪制度。秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),姓(xing)嬴,是(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)翳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后代(dai),伯(bo)(bo)(bo)翳曾辅助舜使很(hen)多(duo)部落顺服。至于楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)祖先,也都曾为天下人建(jian)立(li)了(le)功(gong)业。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)武王(wang)(wang)战(zhan)胜纣(zhou)王(wang)(wang)后,成王(wang)(wang)把唐(tang)封给叔虞,那(nei)(nei)(nei)里(li)(li)山川险阻,凭这些有(you)德的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后代(dai)与衰弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)室并存(cun),晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也一定能(neng)兴(xing)盛(sheng)了(le)。”桓公说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“好(hao)吧。”于是(shi)(shi)急速向幽(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)请示,把他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)迁移到洛(luo)水(shui)(shui)东部,虢、郐(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)果然向他(ta)(ta)贡献出(chu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)座城邑,他(ta)(ta)终于建(jian)立(li)了(le)郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
二年(前771),犬戎在(zai)骊(li)山下杀死了(le)幽王,也杀死了(le)桓公(gong)。郑人拥立(li)桓公(gong)的儿子掘(jue)突,这是武公(gong)。
武(wu)公于十年(nian)(前761),娶了申侯(hou)的女儿做夫(fu)人(ren)(ren),叫武(wu)姜(jiang)。武(wu)姜(jiang)生(sheng)下(xia)(xia)太(tai)子(zi)寤生(sheng),生(sheng)时(shi)是(shi)(shi)难(nan)产,等到生(sheng)下(xia)(xia)后,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)不喜(xi)欢寤生(sheng)。后来武(wu)姜(jiang)又生(sheng)下(xia)(xia)小儿子(zi)叔(shu)段,生(sheng)段时(shi)是(shi)(shi)顺产,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)十分喜(xi)爱叔(shu)段。二(er)十七年(nian)(前744),武(wu)公生(sheng)病(bing)了,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)向(xiang)武(wu)公请求,想立(li)段为太(tai)子(zi),武(wu)公未答应。当(dang)年(nian),武(wu)公逝世(shi)了,寤生(sheng)即位,这是(shi)(shi)庄公。
庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)于(yu)(yu)元年(前743),把他的(de)弟弟叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan)封到京城,号称太(tai)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。祭(ji)(zhài,债)仲说(shuo)(shuo):“京城大于(yu)(yu)国都(dou),不可以封给弟弟。”庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)说(shuo)(shuo):“武(wu)姜(jiang)想(xiang)这样,我不敢反对(dui)。”叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan)到了(le)京,整顿(dun)军备,与他的(de)母(mu)亲(qin)武(wu)姜(jiang)阴谋袭(xi)击郑都(dou)。二十二年(前722),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan)果然(ran)袭(xi)击了(le)郑都(dou),武(wu)姜(jiang)做内应。庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)派军攻打叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan),段(duan)(duan)逃跑(pao)公(gong)(gong)又攻打京城,京城的(de)人(ren)们(men)都(dou)背(bei)叛了(le)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan),叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan)面对(dui)无(wu)奈逃跑(pao)到鄢。鄢邑的(de)百姓溃逃了(le)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)(duan)不得(de)已逃亡到共国。于(yu)(yu)是庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)把他的(de)母(mu)亲(qin)武(wu)姜(jiang)迁徙到城颍,发(fa)誓(shi)说(shuo)(shuo):“不到黄泉,不与她(ta)见面。”过(guo)了(le)一年多,庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)又后悔自己说(shuo)(shuo)过(guo)的(de)话(hua),很想(xiang)念母(mu)亲(qin)。颍谷的(de)考(kao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)向庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)献礼,庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)赐给她(ta)食(shi)物。考(kao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)说(shuo)(shuo):“我有老母(mu),请您把食(shi)物赐给我的(de)母(mu)亲(qin)吧。”庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)说(shuo)(shuo):“我很思(si)念我的(de)母(mu)亲(qin),但(dan)又厌恶(e)违背(bei)誓(shi)言,怎么办呢?”考(kao)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)说(shuo)(shuo):“控条地道到有泉水处,你们(men)母(mu)子(zi)就可见面了(le)。”于(yu)(yu)是庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)依(yi)照他的(de)办法,终于(yu)(yu)见到母(mu)亲(qin)。
二(er)(er)十四(si)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)720),宋缪(mou)公(gong)逝世(shi),公(gong)子(zi)(zi)冯(píng,凭)逃到郑国(guo)(guo)。郑国(guo)(guo)侵夺周(zhou)室田地,攫取(qu)了(le)田里的(de)(de)庄稼。二(er)(er)十五年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)719),卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)州吁杀死(si)了(le)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)即位(wei),与宋国(guo)(guo)联合讨伐郑国(guo)(guo),因为郑国(guo)(guo)接纳了(le)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)冯的(de)(de)缘故。二(er)(er)十七年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)717),郑君(jun)才朝拜周(zhou)桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang),桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang)对郑攫取(qu)庄稼一事很生气,没(mei)有按(an)礼仪对待他。二(er)(er)十九年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)715),庄公(gong)生气周(zhou)桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang)没(mei)有礼遇自(zi)己(ji),故意用祊(beng)(bēng,崩)与鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)交换(huan)了(le)靠近许国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)田地。三(san)(san)十三(san)(san)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)711)宋国(guo)(guo)杀死(si)了(le)孔父。三(san)(san)十七年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)707),庄公(gong)不朝拜周(zhou)桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang),桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang)率领陈、蔡、虢、卫(wei)国(guo)(guo)讨伐郑国(guo)(guo)。庄公(gong)和祭仲、高渠弥出兵迎(ying)击(ji),大败桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)军队,祝聸(dan)射中了(le)桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)手臂。祝聸(dan)请求(qiu)继续追击(ji)桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang),郑庄公(gong)阻止(zhi)他说(shuo):“侵犯长者(zhe)尚且(qie)要(yao)遭到责难,何况欺辱天子(zi)(zi)呢?”于是(shi)祝聸(dan)才停止(zhi)追击(ji)。庄公(gong)深夜派祭仲询问(wen)桓(huan)(huan)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)箭(jian)伤。
三十八年(前706),北戎讨伐齐国(guo)(guo),齐国(guo)(guo)派(pai)使者向(xiang)郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)求援(yuan),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)派(pai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)忽(hu)领军救援(yuan)齐国(guo)(guo)。齐(xī,西(xi))公想把女儿嫁给(ji)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)忽(hu)。忽(hu)辞谢说:“我(wo)国(guo)(guo)是个(ge)小(xiao)国(guo)(guo),不宜和齐大(da)国(guo)(guo)相匹配。”当时(shi),祭(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)与太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)在一起,规劝太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)答(da)应娶(qu)亲,说:“我(wo)们郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)有很多宠爱的(de)姬妾(qie),太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)得不到(dao)太(tai)(tai)(tai)国(guo)(guo)的(de)援(yuan)助将不能即(ji)位,三位公子(zi)(zi)都可(ke)以成为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)。”祭(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)所说的(de)三位公子(zi)(zi),有太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)忽(hu),及(ji)他的(de)弟(di)弟(di)突,小(xiao)弟(di)弟(di)子(zi)(zi)亹(wěi,伟(wei))。
四(si)十三年(前701),郑庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)逝世(shi)。当初,祭仲(zhong)很受庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)宠信,庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)让(rang)他(ta)作上(shang)卿,庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)让(rang)祭仲(zhong)为自己迎(ying)娶了邓国美(mei)女,生(sheng)下了太子忽,所以祭仲(zhong)立忽为君,这就是昭公(gong)(gong)。
庄公又曾娶宋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)雍氏(shi)女子,生下厉公突。雍氏(shi)女子很受国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)宠爱(ai)。宋庄公听说祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)拥(yong)立忽(hu),就派人(ren)把祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)骗来逮捕(bu)了他,威胁他说:“不(bu)立突为君(jun),将处死你。”宋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)也逮捕(bu)了突求取贿(hui)赂(lu)。祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)答(da)应了宋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),并与宋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)盟誓(shi)。他准备带(dai)着突回(hui)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),拥(yong)立突为国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)。昭(zhao)公忽(hu)听说祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)因宋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)要挟拥(yong)立自己(ji)的(de)弟弟突为国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun),九月丁(ding)亥(hai)日,忽(hu)逃到了卫国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。己(ji)亥(hai)日,突来到郑都(dou)即(ji)位,这是厉公。
厉(li)公(gong)四年(前697),祭(ji)仲(zhong)专权。厉(li)公(gong)提心此(ci)事(shi),暗中让祭(ji)仲(zhong)的(de)(de)女婿纠(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)杀死(si)祭(ji)仲(zhong)。雍(yong)纠(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)妻子是祭(ji)仲(zhong)的(de)(de)女儿,她知(zhi)道此(ci)事(shi)后,问母亲:“父(fu)亲与(yu)丈夫哪一(yi)位更亲。”母亲说(shuo):“父(fu)亲只有(you)(you)一(yi)个,丈夫却(que)(que)可(ke)以有(you)(you)很(hen)多选择的(de)(de)!”祭(ji)仲(zhong)女就(jiu)(jiu)把(ba)此(ci)事(shi)告诉了祭(ji)仲(zhong),祭(ji)仲(zhong)反而杀死(si)了雍(yong)纠(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),并暴尸于闹市上(shang)。厉(li)公(gong)对祭(ji)仲(zhong)无可(ke)奈何(he),对雍(yong)纠(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)却(que)(que)很(hen)生气,说(shuo):“与(yu)妇人商量,死(si)本来(lai)就(jiu)(jiu)活该了,”夏季,厉(li)公(gong)被赶到边(bian)界(jie)的(de)(de)栎邑居住。祭(ji)仲(zhong)迎来(lai)了昭(zhao)公(gong)忽(hu),六月(yue)乙亥日,忽(hu)又(you)回到郑都即位了。
秋季,郑厉公依靠邑的人杀死了栎(li)邑大夫单伯,于是就定(ding)居在栎(li)邑。诸侯们听说厉公逃跑了,就讨伐郑国,但(dan)没(mei)有战胜郑国就离去了。宋国赠给厉公很多军队,让他(ta)在栎(li)邑坚守(shou)防备,郑国因此也不再讨伐邑。
昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(前695),从昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)做(zuo)太(tai)子时,父亲庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)想拜(bai)高渠(qu)弥(mi)为上(shang)卿(qing),太(tai)子忽(hu)(hu)厌(yan)恶高渠(qu)弥(mi),庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)听忽(hu)(hu)的意见,终于让渠(qu)弥(mi)做(zuo)了卿(qing)。等到(dao)昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)即位,渠(qu)弥(mi)担(dan)心昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)杀害(hai)自己(ji),冬季十月辛卯(mao)日,渠(qu)弥(mi)与昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)出外打猎,在郊野射杀了昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。祭仲与渠(qu)弥(mi)不(bu)敢接(jie)纳厉公(gong)(gong)(gong),便(bian)改立昭(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的弟(di)弟(di)子亹做(zuo)国君,就(jiu)(jiu)称子亹,他(ta)没(mei)有(you)谥(shi)号(hao)。
子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)元年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)694)七月,齐(qi)襄公在首止会(hui)合诸(zhu)侯(hou),郑子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)赴会(hui),高(gao)(gao)渠弥辅(fu)佐,跟从子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)前(qian)(qian)往,祭(ji)仲(zhong)借(jie)口有(you)病(bing)没去(qu)。祭(ji)仲(zhong)之(zhi)所(suo)以这(zhei)样做(zuo),是因为在齐(qi)襄公做(zuo)公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)时,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)曾经与他相斗过,双方(fang)结仇,等到(dao)诸(zhu)侯(hou)相会(hui)时,祭(ji)仲(zhong)请求子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)不要去(qu)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)说:“齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)强(qiang)大,厉(li)公又(you)住(zhu)在栎(li),假使我不去(qu),齐(qi)就会(hui)率领诸(zhu)侯(hou)攻打(da)我,并让厉(li)公回到(dao)国(guo)(guo)都。我不如前(qian)(qian)往,去(qu)了(le)为什么一定受辱呢,而(er)且,又(you)为何一定落到(dao)象(xiang)你(ni)所(suo)设想的那步田地呢!”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)终于(yu)前(qian)(qian)往了(le)。祭(ji)仲(zhong)担心齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)会(hui)杀(sha)死子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)及随(sui)从,所(suo)以声(sheng)称有(you)病(bing)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)到(dao)了(le)首止,也未向齐(qi)侯(hou)道歉,齐(qi)侯(hou)十分生气,就设下伏兵杀(sha)死了(le)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)。高(gao)(gao)渠弥逃回了(le)郑国(guo)(guo),与祭(ji)仲(zhong)商议,把子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)的弟(di)弟(di)公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)婴从陈国(guo)(guo)叫来拥立(li)成国(guo)(guo)君,这(zhei)是郑子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。这(zhei)一年(nian),齐(qi)襄公让公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)彭生趁鲁公酒醉摧折(zhe)其肋骨杀(sha)死了(le)鲁桓公。
郑子八年(nian)(前686),齐国(guo)管至父等人作(zuo)乱,杀死了(le)(le)自己的国(guo)君襄(xiang)公。十(shi)二年(nian)(前682),宋国(guo)人万长杀死了(le)(le)自己的国(guo)君湣公。这年(nian),郑国(guo)祭仲去(qu)世(shi)了(le)(le)。
十(shi)四年(前680),从前随郑(zheng)厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)突逃亡在栎(li)(li)邑(yi)的(de)人(ren)派人(ren)诱骗(pian)动持(chi)了(le)(le)大夫甫假(jia)(jia),要(yao)挟甫帮(bang)助厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)回(hui)国都复位(wei)(wei)。甫假(jia)(jia)说(shuo)(shuo):“赦免我,我替你杀(sha)死郑(zheng)子让你回(hui)到(dao)国都。”厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)他(ta)订立盟(meng)约(yue)后(hou),才释放了(le)(le)他(ta)。六月(yue)甲(jia)子日,甫假(jia)(jia)杀(sha)死了(le)(le)郑(zheng)子和(he)他(ta)的(de)两个儿子,并迎来(lai)厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)突,突从栎(li)(li)又(you)回(hui)来(lai)即位(wei)(wei)。当初,在郑(zheng)都南门(men)城内(nei)有(you)一条(tiao)蛇与(yu)城外一条(tiao)蛇争(zheng)斗(dou),城内(nei)的(de)蛇死去。过(guo)了(le)(le)六年,厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)果然又(you)回(hui)来(lai)了(le)(le)。厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)回(hui)到(dao)郑(zheng)都后(hou)就责(ze)备自己的(de)伯(bo)父原说(shuo)(shuo):“我失去了(le)(le)国家到(dao)都外居住,伯(bo)父却(que)无意(yi)接纳我,也太过(guo)分了(le)(le)。”原说(shuo)(shuo):“事奉国君不(bu)能有(you)二(er)心,这是(shi)做(zuo)人(ren)臣(chen)的(de)本分。我知道罪(zui)过(guo)了(le)(le)。”说(shuo)(shuo)完竟自杀(sha)身亡。厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)是(shi)又(you)对甫假(jia)(jia)说(shuo)(shuo):“你事奉国君有(you)二(er)心。”于(yu)是(shi)杀(sha)死了(le)(le)他(ta)。临死甫假(jia)(jia)后(hou)悔(hui)地(di)说(shuo)(shuo):“对郑(zheng)子的(de)大德不(bu)去报答而(er)有(you)此下场,实在是(shi)应该啊!”
厉公突复位后元(yuan)年(nian)(679),齐(qi)桓公开始称(cheng)霸。
五(wu)年(nian)(前675),燕国(guo)、卫国(guo)与周(zhou)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的弟(di)弟(di)颓(tui)(tui)一(yi)起讨伐周(zhou)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang),惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)逃(tao)到温,弟(di)弟(di)颓(tui)(tui)即位为周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。六年(nian)(前674),惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)向郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)告急,厉公率军攻打(da)周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子颓(tui)(tui),未(wei)打(da)胜,于是(shi)厉公与周(zhou)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)一(yi)起撤(che)回郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo),惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)住(zhu)在栎(li)。七年(nian)(前673)的春(chun)天,郑(zheng)(zheng)厉公与虢叔共同袭(xi)击杀死了王(wang)(wang)(wang)子颓(tui)(tui),护送(song)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)到周(zhou)都。
秋季,厉(li)公逝世,儿(er)子文公踕(jié,洁)即位。厉(li)公刚(gang)刚(gang)即位四年,就逃到栎居住(zhu),在(zai)栎住(zhu)了十七(qi)年,又回到郑都,在(zai)位七(qi)年,与逃亡的时间加在(zai)一起(qi)总共二(er)十八年。
文公十七年(前656),齐桓公率军打(da)(da)(da)败了蔡国,于是攻打(da)(da)(da)楚国,一直打(da)(da)(da)到(dao)召陵。
二十四年(前649),文公有一个(ge)名(ming)叫(jiao)燕姞(jí,吉)的贱妾,梦到天(tian)帝(di)给她(ta)一株兰(lan)草(cao)说:“我(wo)是(shi)伯鯈(yóu,由)。我(wo)是(shi)你的祖先。用这(zhei)株兰(lan)草(cao)做你的儿(er)(er)子,兰(lan)草(cao)有浓烈醇正的香(xiang)气(qi)。”燕姞把(ba)此梦告诉文公,文公便(bian)与她(ta)同房了。并赠送(song)她(ta)兰(lan)草(cao)作为(wei)凭证(zheng)。于(yu)是(shi)燕姞生下了一个(ge)儿(er)(er)子,取名(ming)为(wei)兰(lan)。
三(san)十六年(前637),晋公(gong)子重耳路过(guo)郑国,郑文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)没有(you)礼(li)待(dai)(dai)他(ta)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)的(de)(de)弟弟叔詹(zhan)说(shuo):“重耳是(shi)贤人,又与咱们(men)(men)同姓,受穷困经过(guo)您处,您不(bu)能对他(ta)无礼(li)。”文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)说(shuo):“诸侯中逃亡的(de)(de)公(gong)子路过(guo)此(ci)处的(de)(de)有(you)很(hen)多,怎么都能按礼(li)招待(dai)(dai)他(ta)们(men)(men)呢(ni)!”叔詹(zhan)说(shuo):“您如果不(bu)礼(li)待(dai)(dai)他(ta),就杀死他(ta),不(bu)杀,他(ta)假使返回国内(nei),就是(shi)郑国的(de)(de)忧患了。”文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)不(bu)听(ting)从叔詹(zhan)的(de)(de)意见。
三十七年(前(qian)636)的(de)春天,晋(jin)公(gong)(gong)子重耳返(fan)回晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),即位了,这就是(shi)晋(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)。秋季,郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻(gong)入滑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),滑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)唯郑命是(shi)听,不久,滑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又(you)亲附卫国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),于是(shi)郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又(you)攻(gong)打滑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。周(zhou)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)让伯(bo)服替滑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)说情,郑文(wen)公(gong)(gong)怨(yuan)恨(hen)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)王(wang)曾逃到栎,是(shi)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)的(de)父亲厉公(gong)(gong)护送惠(hui)(hui)(hui)王(wang)回朝复位的(de),但惠(hui)(hui)(hui)王(wang)却没(mei)有赏赐(ci)厉公(gong)(gong)爵位俸(feng)禄,又(you)怨(yuan)恨(hen)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)亲附卫国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),滑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),所以文(wen)公(gong)(gong)不听从襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)为滑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)说情反(fan)而囚禁(jin)了伯(bo)服。襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)十分生气(qi),联(lian)合翟人攻(gong)打郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),没(mei)有获胜(sheng)。冬季,翟人攻(gong)打周(zhou)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang),襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)逃到郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),郑文(wen)公(gong)(gong)让襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)住在池(fàn,泛)。三十八(ba)年(前(qian)635),晋(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)把周(zhou)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)送回成周(zhou)。
四十一(yi)年(nian)(632),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)帮(bang)助(zhu)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻击晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。因(yin)(yin)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)当年(nian)路过(guo)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)对(dui)(dui)他(ta)无礼(li),所以郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)背叛晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)帮(bang)助(zhu)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。四十三年(nian)(前630),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)与秦缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)共同包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都,讨伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君帮(bang)助(zhu)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻打晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),以及文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路过(guo)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君的(de)无礼(li)罪(zui)行(xing)。当初,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)三位夫(fu)人(ren)(ren),五个宠爱的(de)儿子(zi)(zi),都因(yin)(yin)罪(zui)早死。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)厌恶子(zi)(zi)瑕,赶走了(le)(le)各(ge)位公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)。子(zi)(zi)兰逃(tao)到(dao)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),跟(gen)从(cong)(cong)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都。当时子(zi)(zi)兰事奉晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)很(hen)恭敬,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)十分(fen)宠幸他(ta)。他(ta)在(zai)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)暗中活动,借(jie)机(ji)(ji)要(yao)求回郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)做太子(zi)(zi)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)这时想得(de)到(dao)叔(shu)詹(zhan)并杀(sha)死他(ta)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)很(hen)害怕(pa),不(bu)(bu)敢对(dui)(dui)叔(shu)詹(zhan)说(shuo),叔(shu)詹(zhan)听到(dao)这个情(qing)况(kuang),告诉郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君说(shuo):“我曾对(dui)(dui)您说(shuo),要(yao)杀(sha)死重耳,您却不(bu)(bu)听从(cong)(cong)我的(de)意见,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)终(zhong)于成(cheng)为我国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)忧患了(le)(le)。可是(shi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)所以包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都就是(shi)因(yin)(yin)为我,我死了(le)(le)而能(neng)赦(she)免(mian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),这是(shi)我的(de)心(xin)愿。”于是(shi)叔(shu)詹(zhan)自杀(sha)了(le)(le)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)把叔(shu)詹(zhan)尸首(shou)送给晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)说(shuo):“一(yi)定(ding)想见一(yi)下郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君,污辱他(ta)后(hou)(hou)(hou)再离去(qu)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)担(dan)心(xin)这件(jian)事,就派人(ren)(ren)私下对(dui)(dui)秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)说(shuo):“打败了(le)(le)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)对(dui)(dui)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)好(hao)处,并非对(dui)(dui)秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)利。”秦军听后(hou)(hou)(hou)才(cai)撤军。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)送子(zi)(zi)兰到(dao)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)做太子(zi)(zi),借(jie)机(ji)(ji)通报了(le)(le)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大夫(fu)石癸说(shuo):“我听说(shuo)姓姞的(de)女儿是(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷的(de)元(yuan)配,她的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔应当有(you)(you)(you)兴发(fa)的(de),子(zi)(zi)兰的(de)母亲就是(shi)他(ta)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔。况(kuang)且夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)的(de)儿子(zi)(zi)都已(yi)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)世了(le)(le),剩下的(de)儿子(zi)(zi)没有(you)(you)(you)比得(de)上兰贤能(neng)的(de)。现在(zai)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)包围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都很(hen)急迫,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)替(ti)子(zi)(zi)兰请求回郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),没有(you)(you)(you)比这个条件(jian)更好(hao)的(de)了(le)(le)!”于是(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)答应了(le)(le)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),与晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)订立盟(meng)约(yue),终(zhong)于立子(zi)(zi)兰为太子(zi)(zi),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)军才(cai)撤走。
四十(shi)五年(前628),郑文(wen)公逝世了(le),子兰即位,这是缪(mou)公。
缪(mou)公元年(前(qian)627)的春天,秦(qin)(qin)缪(mou)公派三位将军(jun)(jun)(jun)率军(jun)(jun)(jun)想(xiang)攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),到了滑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),遇上郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)商人弦高,弦高诈称奉郑(zheng)君之命用(yong)十(shi)二(er)头牛犒劳(lao)秦(qin)(qin)劳(lao),所以秦(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)没再(zai)继(ji)续(xu)进军(jun)(jun)(jun)就回国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)了,晋军(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)崤打败秦(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。当初,郑(zheng)文公逝世(shi)后,郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都城的卫戍官缯贺把郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的内情出卖给秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),所以秦(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)才来攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。三年(前(qian)625),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)派军(jun)(jun)(jun)跟(gen)从(cong)晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻打秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),在(zai)汪打败秦(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。
楚(chu)国(guo)太子商臣杀死了自(zi)己的父亲成王即(ji)位。二(er)十一年(nian)(前607),楚(chu)国(guo)与宋国(guo)华元(yuan)(yuan)攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)。华元(yuan)(yuan)宰羊(yang)犒(kao)劳士兵,却(que)未(wei)给自(zi)己的驾车者羊(yang)斟肉食,羊(yang)斟恼怒把(ba)车赶到郑(zheng)国(guo),郑(zheng)国(guo)囚禁了华元(yuan)(yuan),宋国(guo)用(yong)重金(jin)赎回(hui)华元(yuan)(yuan)而华元(yuan)(yuan)早(zao)已逃走(zou)。晋国(guo)让(rang)赵穿(chuan)率军攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)。
二(er)十二(er)年(前(qian)606),郑缪(mou)公逝世,儿子(zi)夷(yi)即(ji)位,这是(shi)灵公。
灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元年(nian)(前(qian)605)的(de)春(chun)天,楚国献(xian)给灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鼋(yuan)。子(zi)(zi)家、子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)将要(yao)朝拜灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)食(shi)(shi)指颤动了(le)(le)一(yi)下,对子(zi)(zi)家说(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)的(de)手指曾动过,一(yi)定要(yao)吃珍异食(shi)(shi)物(wu)了(le)(le)。”等到(dao)(dao)入宫(gong)后,见到(dao)(dao)灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)进食(shi)(shi)鼋(yuan)汤,子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)笑道:“果然(ran)如此。”灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)问子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为何笑,子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)把以上情况(kuang)告诉了(le)(le)灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)叫他过去(qu)(qu)(qu),却(que)唯独没把汤给他喝(he),子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)很(hen)生气(qi),手指在汤里沾了(le)(le)一(yi)下尝(chang)了(le)(le)尝(chang)就出(chu)了(le)(le)宫(gong)。灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)很(hen)生气(qi),想(xiang)杀死子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。子(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)子(zi)(zi)家商义先下手。夏季(ji),他们杀死了(le)(le)灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。郑(zheng)人(ren)想(xiang)立灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)弟(di)弟(di)去(qu)(qu)(qu)疾(ji),去(qu)(qu)(qu)疾(ji)谦让(rang)说(shuo):“一(yi)定让(rang)贤能的(de)人(ren)即位(wei),而我(wo)(wo)去(qu)(qu)(qu)疾(ji)无才能;一(yi)定按长(zhang)少顺序即位(wei),那么(me)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)坚比我(wo)(wo)年(nian)长(zhang)。”坚是(shi)(shi)(shi)灵(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)弟(di)弟(di),去(qu)(qu)(qu)疾(ji)的(de)哥哥。于是(shi)(shi)(shi)就立了(le)(le)子(zi)(zi)坚为君,这是(shi)(shi)(shi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
襄公即位后,将(jiang)要(yao)(yao)把(ba)缪(mou)(mou)氏家(jia)族(zu)斩尽杀(sha)绝。缪(mou)(mou)氏是杀(sha)死灵公的(de)子(zi)公的(de)家(jia)族(zu)。去疾说(shuo):“一定要(yao)(yao)杀(sha)死缪(mou)(mou)氏家(jia)族(zu),我也将(jiang)要(yao)(yao)离(li)开郑国了(le)。”襄公这才(cai)停(ting)止。并任命(ming)缪(mou)(mou)氏都为大夫。
襄(xiang)公元年(nian)(前(qian)604),楚国(guo)生气郑(zheng)国(guo)接受(shou)了宋国(guo)贿赂释放了华元,攻打郑(zheng)国(guo)。郑(zheng)国(guo)背叛楚国(guo),与晋国(guo)亲近。五年(nian)(前(qian)600),楚国(guo)又攻打郑(zheng)国(guo),晋国(guo)来救助郑(zheng)国(guo)。六年(nian)(前(qian)599),子家去世,郑(zheng)都(dou)的人们又赶出了子家家族(zu),因为他杀死了灵公。
七年(前(qian)(qian)598),郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)与晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)鄢陵(ling)结(jie)盟(meng)(meng)。八年(前(qian)(qian)597),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)庄王(wang)因为(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)与晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)结(jie)盟(meng)(meng),来讨伐(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),包(bao)围郑(zheng)(zheng)都(dou)三个月,郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)献出(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)投降了(le)(le)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)从皇门(men)入了(le)(le)城(cheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)襄公(gong)脱去(qu)上衣(yi)露(lu)出(chu)胳膊手牵着羊(yang)迎接楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)说:“我(wo)不能在(zai)边城(cheng)事(shi)奉您(nin),让您(nin)生气地来到(dao)我(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou),这是(shi)我(wo)的(de)(de)罪过。我(wo)不敢唯命(ming)是(shi)听(ting)(ting)。你(ni)把我(wo)流放到(dao)江南,把郑(zheng)(zheng)赐给诸侯,我(wo)也唯命(ming)是(shi)听(ting)(ting)。如(ru)果君(jun)王(wang)没有(you)忘记周(zhou)厉(li)王(wang)、周(zhou)宣王(wang)、郑(zheng)(zheng)桓公(gong)、郑(zheng)(zheng)武公(gong),可怜他们(men)(men),不忍心(xin)断绝(jue)他们(men)(men)的(de)(de)祭礼,您(nin)就(jiu)给我(wo)不毛之地,使我(wo)又能够事(shi)奉你(ni),这是(shi)我(wo)的(de)(de)愿望,可是(shi)我(wo)不是(shi)敢有(you)所希望。我(wo)只不过冒昧地表(biao)露(lu)我(wo)的(de)(de)真心(xin),对(dui)您(nin)将唯命(ming)是(shi)听(ting)(ting)。”庄王(wang)为(wei)些让军(jun)队退(tui)却(que)三十里后驻扎下来。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)臣(chen)们(men)(men)说:“我(wo)们(men)(men)千里迢(tiao)(tiao)迢(tiao)(tiao)人郢来到(dao)这里,官兵(bing)们(men)(men)也长久地劳(lao)苦了(le)(le)。现在(zai)已经打下的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家又放弃,为(wei)什(shen)么(me)?”庄王(wang)说:“我(wo)们(men)(men)之所以(yi)讨伐(fa),是(shi)讨伐(fa)不驯服(fu)的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)。今天(tian)人家已经服(fu)服(fu)贴贴了(le)(le),还有(you)什(shen)么(me)要(yao)求的(de)(de)呢(ni)?”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)终(zhong)于撤去(qu)。晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)听(ting)(ting)说楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)攻打郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),派军(jun)救(jiu)援(yuan)。晋(jin)军(jun)出(chu)发时(shi),晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)意见不统一(yi),犹不决所以(yi)来迟(chi)了(le)(le),等到(dao)到(dao)了(le)(le)黄(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)军(jun)已经离去(qu)。晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)将帅有(you)的(de)(de)想渡河(he)(he)(he)(he)追(zhui)击,有(you)的(de)(de)想班师回国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),但终(zhong)于渡过黄(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。庄王(wang)听(ting)(ting)说后,反(fan)(fan)转身攻击晋(jin)军(jun)。郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)反(fan)(fan)而帮助楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),在(zai)黄(huang)(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)上把晋(jin)军(jun)打得大(da)败。十年(前(qian)(qian)595),晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又来攻打郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),因为(wei)它(ta)反(fan)(fan)对(dui)晋(jin)却(que)亲(qin)近楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
十一(yi)年前(594),楚(chu)(chu)(chu)庄王(wang)(wang)(wang)讨(tao)伐宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo),宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)向(xiang)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)告急。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)景(jing)公(gong)想(xiang)派(pai)军救助(zhu)宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo),伯宗进(jin)谏晋(jin)(jin)(jin)君(jun)说:“上天正兴助(zhu)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo),不(bu)能攻打楚(chu)(chu)(chu)。”晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)于(yu)是(shi)找到(dao)一(yi)位壮(zhuang)士是(shi)霍国(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),字子虎。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)让(rang)(rang)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)欺骗楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo),让(rang)(rang)宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)要投降,解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)路过郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)和楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)关系亲密(mi),就(jiu)逮捕解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)献(xian)给楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)赏(shang)赐给解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)一(yi)份厚礼并与他(ta)(ta)立(li)约,让(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)说反话,叫宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)赶快投降,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)多(duo)次要挟解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)才(cai)勉强答应(ying)(ying)。于(yu)是(shi)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)让(rang)(rang)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)登上观(guan)望敌(di)军的(de)巢(chao)车,让(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)向(xiang)宋(song)(song)军喊(han)话。但解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)竟违背(bei)与楚(chu)(chu)(chu)人(ren)的(de)相(xiang)约,传(chuan)达(da)了晋(jin)(jin)(jin)君(jun)给他(ta)(ta)的(de)命(ming)令,大(da)声(sheng)喊(han):“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)正聚(ju)集全国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)军队来援(yuan)救宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo),宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)虽(sui)然形势紧(jin)迫,但千不(bu)要投降楚(chu)(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)军马(ma)上就(jiu)要赶到(dao)了!”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)一(yi)听(ting)非(fei)常(chang)生气,将(jiang)要杀死解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)说:“国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)制定命(ming)令为(wei)本(ben)分,臣(chen)民以(yi)(yi)(yi)执行命(ming)令为(wei)讲信(xin)用(yong)。我接(jie)受(shou)我国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)的(de)命(ming)令出国(guo)(guo)(guo)办事,宁死也不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)让(rang)(rang)君(jun)命(ming)受(shou)损。”庄王(wang)(wang)(wang)说:“那么,你已(yi)经答应(ying)(ying)了我,尔(er)后又背(bei)叛,你的(de)信(xin)用(yong)在哪儿呢?”解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)说:“我所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)答应(ying)(ying)您,就(jiu)是(shi)想(xiang)用(yong)来完成我国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)的(de)命(ming)令。”解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)将(jiang)要受(shou)刑时,回头对(dui)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)军说:“做(zuo)人(ren)臣(chen)的(de)不(bu)要忘(wang)记竭(jie)尽忠诚(cheng)尔(er)后去死!”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)弟弟们都进(jin)谏楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)赦免解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)扬(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),于(yu)是(shi)楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)赦免了他(ta)(ta),让(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)回晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)授予他(ta)(ta)上卿。
十八(ba)年(前587),襄公逝(shi)世,儿子悼公(mì,秘)即位。
悼(dao)公(gong)元(yuan)年(前586),许灵公(gong)到楚(chu)国(guo)中伤郑(zheng)国(guo),悼(dao)公(gong)便让(rang)弟(di)弟(di)(gǔn,滚(gun))去楚(chu)自我申(shen)辩(bian)。申(shen)辩(bian)不成功,楚(chu)国(guo)囚禁了。于是郑(zheng)悼(dao)公(gong)来(lai)晋讲(jiang)和两国(guo)言(yan)归(gui)于好。与(yu)楚(chu)国(guo)子反有(you)交情,子反说情把(ba)放回郑(zheng)国(guo)。
二(er)年(前585),楚国攻打(da)郑(zheng)国,晋军来救(jiu)助。当年,悼(dao)公(gong)逝(shi)世,郑(zheng)国立(li)悼(dao)公(gong)的弟弟,这(zhei)是成公(gong)。
成(cheng)公三(san)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)582),楚共王说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“对郑(zheng)(zheng)成(cheng)以来说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),我是有恩德的(de)。”便派人(ren)来郑(zheng)(zheng)与成(cheng)公订立(li)盟(meng)约(yue)。成(cheng)公暗中与楚国(guo)(guo)结盟(meng)了(le)。秋季,成(cheng)公朝拜晋(jin)国(guo)(guo),晋(jin)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)暗中与楚讲(jiang)和了(le)”,逮捕了(le)成(cheng)公。并派栾书(shu)攻打郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)。四(si)(si)年(nian)(前(qian)(qian)581)的(de)春季,郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)担心晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)来包围,公子如便立(li)成(cheng)公的(de)哥哥(xū,需(xu))做(zuo)国(guo)(guo)君。当(dang)年(nian)四(si)(si)月,晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)听说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)又(you)立(li)了(le)新君,就让成(cheng)公回(hui)(hui)国(guo)(guo)了(le)。郑(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)听说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)成(cheng)公回(hui)(hui)国(guo)(guo),又(you)杀死了(le)迎(ying)接成(cheng)公。晋(jin)军撤去。
十年(前575),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)背叛了(le)(le)与晋国(guo)(guo)的盟(meng)约,与楚国(guo)(guo)结(jie)了(le)(le)盟(meng)。晋厉公(gong)很生(sheng)气(qi),派军(jun)(jun)攻(gong)打郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)。楚共(gong)王(wang)救(jiu)助了(le)(le)郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)。晋楚在鄢陵交战,楚军(jun)(jun)失(shi)败了(le)(le),晋军(jun)(jun)射伤(shang)楚共(gong)王(wang)的眼睛,双方才停战离(li)去(qu)(qu)。十三年(前572),晋悼公(gong)攻(gong)打郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo),驻军(jun)(jun)在洧(wei)(wěi,伟)上。郑(zheng)军(jun)(jun)据城守卫,晋军(jun)(jun)也离(li)去(qu)(qu)了(le)(le)。
十(shi)四年(前571),成(cheng)公逝世,儿子挥即位,这是釐公。
釐公(gong)五年(前566),郑国国相子驷(si)朝拜(bai)釐公(gong),釐公(gong)没有礼遇他。子驷(si)十分生气,让厨师用毒药杀死了釐公(gong),向诸侯们(men)报丧说“釐公(gong)患了急证病故。”立釐公(gong)儿子嘉,嘉当年五岁,这是简(jian)公(gong)。
简公元(yuan)年(nian)(前(qian)565),公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们商议想杀(sha)死国(guo)(guo)相(xiang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)发觉了(le),反而把(ba)公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)们全部杀(sha)死了(le)。二(er)年(nian)(前(qian)564),晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)讨(tao)伐郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo),郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)与晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)结为盟好,晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)才离去。冬季,郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)又(you)与楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)订(ding)立(li)盟约。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)被杀(sha),所(suo)以(yi)又(you)亲(qin)近晋(jin)(jin)又(you)亲(qin)近楚(chu)。三(san)年(nian)(前(qian)563),宰(zai)相(xiang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)想自己立(li)为国(guo)(guo)君,公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔派尉(wei)止杀(sha)死了(le)宰(zai)相(xiang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)代替了(le)他(ta)(ta)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔又(you)想自立(li)为国(guo)(guo)君。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产说:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)自立(li)是(shi)不行(xing)的(de),所(suo)以(yi)你(ni)杀(sha)了(le)他(ta)(ta),今天(tian)(tian)你(ni)又(you)仿效(xiao)他(ta)(ta),这样,内(nei)乱就(jiu)没有平(ping)息(xi)的(de)那(nei)一天(tian)(tian)了(le)。”于是(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔听(ting)从了(le)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产的(de)意(yi)见,仍然只做了(le)郑(zheng)简公的(de)国(guo)(guo)相(xiang)。
四年(前562),晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)生气郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)与(yu)楚国(guo)(guo)订立盟(meng)约,攻打郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)又与(yu)晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)结(jie)盟(meng)。楚共王(wang)救援郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo),打败了(le)晋(jin)军。简公想和(he)晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)讲和(he),楚国(guo)(guo)又囚禁了(le)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)使者。
十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)554),简公(gong)对国(guo)相子(zi)(zi)孔专揽大权很愤慨,杀死(si)了(le)子(zi)(zi)孔,让(rang)子(zi)(zi)产做上卿。十九年(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)547),简公(gong)到(dao)晋,给卫君(jun)说情让(rang)他回国(guo),并把六个(ge)邑封给子(zi)(zi)产。子(zi)(zi)产辞让(rang),只接受了(le)三个(ge)邑。二(er)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(544),吴国(guo)派延(yan)陵(ling)季子(zi)(zi)到(dao)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo),延(yan)陵(ling)季子(zi)(zi)与子(zi)(zi)产一见如故(gu),对子(zi)(zi)产说:“郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)执政的人多邪行,灾难将(jiang)要降临,大权将(jiang)落到(dao)你手中。你如果当政,一定(ding)按仪治(zhi)国(guo);否则,郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)将(jiang)惨败。”子(zi)(zi)产厚遇了(le)季子(zi)(zi)。二(er)十三年(nian)(nian)(前(qian)(qian)543),各位公(gong)子(zi)(zi)竞争宠爱互相残杀,又想杀死(si)子(zi)(zi)产。有的公(gong)子(zi)(zi)进(jin)谏说:“子(zi)(zi)产是仁爱之人,郑(zheng)(zheng)之所以能(neng)生存就是因为子(zi)(zi)产,千万不(bu)要杀死(si)他!”公(gong)子(zi)(zi)们才罢(ba)手。
二(er)十五年(nian)(前(qian)541),郑国派子(zi)产(chan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)晋国,询问平公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)病情。平公(gong)问:“我占(zhan)卜后(hou)说是(shi)实(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen)、台骀(tai)(tai)作崇,史官不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)解(jie)他(ta)(ta)们(men)的(de)(de)(de)来(lai)历,冒昧(mei)地(di)请问他(ta)(ta)们(men)是(shi)什么神?”子(zi)产(chan)回答说:“高(gao)辛氏(shi)有两个儿子(zi),长(zhang)子(zi)叫阏伯,二(er)子(zi)叫实(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen),两人(ren)(ren)住在大森林里(li),互相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)容,每天拿着干戈互相(xiang)征(zheng)伐,尧(yao)帝(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)喜欢他(ta)(ta)们(men),于(yu)是(shi)让伯迁到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)商丘住,主(zhu)持祭祀辰(chen)星(xing)(xing),商人(ren)(ren)因此沿袭下(xia)来(lai),所(suo)以(yi)辰(chen)星(xing)(xing)称为(wei)商星(xing)(xing),尧(yao)帝(di)(di)让实(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)大夏(xia)住,主(zhu)持祭祀参(can)(shēn,身(shen))星(xing)(xing),唐(tang)人(ren)(ren)因此沿袭下(xia)来(lai),服(fu)侍夏(xia)朝(chao)、商朝(chao),唐(tang)的(de)(de)(de)末世君(jun)主(zhu)叫唐(tang)叔(shu)虞(yu)(yu)。当武(wu)王(wang)夫人(ren)(ren)邑姜正怀大叔(shu)时,曾(ceng)梦见天帝(di)(di)对(dui)(dui)夫人(ren)(ren)说:“我让你的(de)(de)(de)儿子(zi)叫虞(yu)(yu),就把唐(tang)封给(ji)他(ta)(ta),委托他(ta)(ta)祭祀参(can)星(xing)(xing),在那里(li)繁育后(hou)代。”等到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)大叔(shu)生出(chu)后(hou),手掌心的(de)(de)(de)纹理(li)象“虞(yu)(yu)”字,于(yu)是(shi)用(yong)虞(yu)(yu)命(ming)名了(le)(le)。等到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)周成王(wang)灭亡了(le)(le)唐(tang)后(hou),就把唐(tang)封给(ji)了(le)(le)大叔(shu)。所(suo)以(yi)参(can)星(xing)(xing)是(shi)晋国的(de)(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)宿。从这(zhei)(zhei)了(le)(le)解(jie)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),实(shi)(shi)(shi)沈(shen)是(shi)参(can)星(xing)(xing)神。过去金天氏(shi)有个叫昧(mei)的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)裔,做水(shui)(shui)(shui)官长(zhang),生了(le)(le)允格、台骀(tai)(tai)。台骀(tai)(tai)能继承前(qian)辈的(de)(de)(de)官职,很好地(di)疏(shu)通了(le)(le)汾水(shui)(shui)(shui)、洮水(shui)(shui)(shui),给(ji)大泽(ze)修筑堤防,住在太原。颛(zhuān,专)顼(xu)(xū,须)帝(di)(di)因此嘉奖了(le)(le)他(ta)(ta),把汾水(shui)(shui)(shui)封给(ji)他(ta)(ta)。沈(shen)、姒(si)、蓐、黄(huang)国实(shi)(shi)(shi)际掌管着他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)祭祀。现在,晋国统(tong)治了(le)(le)汾水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域(yu),灭亡了(le)(le)这(zhei)(zhei)一带的(de)(de)(de)国家。从这(zhei)(zhei)里(li)看,台骀(tai)(tai)是(shi)汾水(shui)(shui)(shui)、洮水(shui)(shui)(shui)神。可(ke)是(shi),这(zhei)(zhei)两位神灵都不(bu)(bu)会危害(hai)您的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)体(ti),对(dui)(dui)于(yu)山河神,在发(fa)生水(shui)(shui)(shui)旱(han)灾时应祭祀,对(dui)(dui)于(yu)日(ri)月星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)神,在雪霜风雨不(bu)(bu)按(an)时令(ling)来(lai)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)时应祭祀;您有病,那是(shi)饮(yin)食哀乐女色所(suo)造成的(de)(de)(de)。”平公(gong)及(ji)叔(shu)向到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)子(zi)产(chan)这(zhei)(zhei)番议论后(hou)称赞说:“对(dui)(dui),您真不(bu)(bu)愧为(wei)知识(shi)渊博(bo)的(de)(de)(de)君(jun)子(zi)!”送给(ji)子(zi)产(chan)丰厚的(de)(de)(de)礼物(wu)。
二十七年(nian)(前539)的夏天,郑简公去朝(chao)拜(bai)晋君(jun)。冬季,郑国怕(pa)楚(chu)(chu)灵王强大,又(you)朝(chao)拜(bai)楚(chu)(chu)国,子产都跟从了。二十八年(nian)(538),郑君(jun)生病,派(pai)子产会见诸侯(hou),与楚(chu)(chu)灵王在(zai)申订立盟约,楚(chu)(chu)王杀(sha)死了齐国庆封(feng)。
三十六年(nian)(前(qian)530),简分逝世(shi)了,儿子定(ding)公宁即位。秋季(ji),定(ding)公朝(chao)拜了晋(jin)昭公。
定(ding)公(gong)元年(前529),楚国公(gong)子弃疾杀死(si)了国君灵(ling)王自立为君,这是平(ping)王。平(ping)王想在诸侯中做仁义道(dao)德之(zhi)事,把灵(ling)王侵占郑国的土地(di)都还给了郑国。
四年(前526),晋(jin)昭公逝世了(le),晋(jin)国(guo)的六卿强盛起(qi)来,国(guo)家(jia)力(li)量减(jian)弱了(le)。子(zi)产对(dui)韩宣(xuan)子(zi)说:“执掌政(zheng)权(quan)一(yi)定凭仁义道德,不(bu)要忘记政(zheng)权(quan)巩固的原因。”
六年(前(qian)524),郑国发(fa)生火灾(zai),定公(gong)想祭(ji)祷消灾(zai)。子产说:“不如修行德政。”
八(ba)年(前522),楚国(guo)太(tai)子(zi)建(jian)逃(tao)到郑国(guo)。十年(前520),太(tai)子(zi)建(jian)与晋国(guo)商议袭击郑国(guo)。郑国(guo)杀死(si)了太(tai)子(zi)建(jian),太(tai)子(zi)建(jian)的儿(er)子(zi)逃(tao)到吴国(guo)。
十一年(前519),定公(gong)到了晋(jin)国。晋(jin)与郑商议,杀(sha)死周(zhou)王室(shi) 作乱的(de)臣子(zi),送敬王回周(zhou)。
十三(san)年(前517),定(ding)公逝世了,儿(er)子献(xian)公虿(chài,去声,柴)即位。献(xian)公十三(san)年(前510)逝世,儿(er)子声公胜即位。正在这时候,晋国六卿强(qiang)盛(sheng)了,侵夺郑国领土,郑于是衰落了。
声公(gong)(gong)五年(nian)(前496),郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)相子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)逝世,郑(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)都哭泣(qi),悲悼他(ta)如同悲悼自己(ji)的亲人(ren)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)是郑(zheng)(zheng)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)的小儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)。为人(ren)仁慈关怀别人(ren),事奉君王忠诚老(lao)实。孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)曾经(jing)路过郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo),与子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)亲如兄(xiong)弟。听到子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)死(si)去,孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)悲哭道:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)产(chan)的仁爱(ai),真是古代的遗风啊!”
八年(前493),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的范氏(shi)、中行氏(shi)反叛晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)向郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)告急,郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)救助他们。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)因(yin)而攻打郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo),在铁把郑(zheng)(zheng)军打得大败。
十(shi)四年(nian)(前487),宋景公亡了(le)曹(cao)国(guo)。二(er)(er)十(shi)年(nian)(前481),齐国(guo)田(tian)常杀死了(le)自己的国(guo)君简公,田(tian)常做(zuo)了(le)齐国(guo)国(guo)相。二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(前479),楚惠王灭亡了(le)陈国(guo)。孔子逝世了(le)。
三(san)十六(liu)年(前465),晋国知(zhi)伯讨(tao)伐郑国,攻取了九个城邑。
三(san)(san)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(前464),声(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逝世了(le),儿子哀公(gong)(gong)(gong)即位。哀公(gong)(gong)(gong)八年(nian)(nian)(前455),郑人杀(sha)死(si)(si)了(le)哀公(gong)(gong)(gong)立了(le)声(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)弟弟丑为国君(jun),这(zhei)是(shi)共公(gong)(gong)(gong)。共公(gong)(gong)(gong)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(452),三(san)(san)晋消灭了(le)知伯(bo)。三(san)(san)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(前424),共公(gong)(gong)(gong)逝世了(le),儿子幽(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)即位。幽(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元年(nian)(nian)(前423),韩(han)武子讨伐郑国,杀(sha)死(si)(si)了(le)幽(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。郑人立了(le)幽(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)弟弟为国君(jun),这(zhei)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
公(gong)十五(wu)年(前408),韩景(jing)侯讨(tao)伐(fa)郑国,攻(gong)取(qu)了雍(yong)丘(qiu)。郑国修筑(zhu)了京城。
十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(前(qian)407),郑(zheng)国(guo)讨伐韩(han)国(guo),在(zai)负黍(shu)打败了韩(han)军(jun)。二十(shi)年(nian)(前(qian)403),韩(han)、赵(zhao)、魏成(cheng)为诸侯国(guo)。二十(shi)三年(nian)(前(qian)400),郑(zheng)国(guo)包围了韩(han)国(guo)的阳翟。
二(er)十(shi)五年(前(qian)(qian)398),郑君杀(sha)死了(le)国相(xiang)阳。二(er)十(shi)七年(前(qian)(qian)396),子(zi)阳的(de)党羽一(yi)起杀(sha)死了(le)公(gong)骀,立了(le)幽公(gong)的(de)弟弟乙为国君,这(zhei)是郑君。
郑(zheng)君乙即位两年,被郑(zheng)国(guo)占领的负(fu)黍的人反(fan)叛(pan),使负(fu)黍回归韩国(guo)。十一(yi)年(前385),韩国(guo)讨伐郑(zheng)国(guo),夺下了阳城。
二十一(yi)年(nian)(前375),韩哀侯灭亡了郑国,吞并了郑国。
太史(shi)公(gong)说(shuo):有(you)句(ju)俗话说(shuo):“用权(quan)势和利害使(shi)关(guan)系密切的(de),权(quan)势利害终止了(le)(le),关(guan)系就疏远了(le)(le)。”这句(ju)话说(shuo)得是(shi)甫瑕。甫瑕虽然靠劫持(chi)杀(sha)死了(le)(le)郑(zheng)子接纳厉(li)公(gong)回国(guo),但(dan)厉(li)公(gong)终于(yu)背叛了(le)(le)他并杀(sha)死了(le)(le),与晋国(guo)的(de)里克(ke)有(you)什么(me)区(qu)别呢?象荀息那样(yang)坚守节操,即使(shi)死了(le)(le)也(ye)不(bu)能保住(zhu)奚齐。所以说(shuo),变乱的(de)产生,原因也(ye)是(shi)很多的(de)呀!
郑桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)友者(zhe)(zhe),周(zhou)(zhou)厉王(wang)(wang)少子而宣王(wang)(wang)庶弟也(ye)①。宣王(wang)(wang)立二十二年,友初封于(yu)郑。封三十三岁,百姓(xing)皆便(bian)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。幽王(wang)(wang)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)司徒。和集周(zhou)(zhou)民(min)(min)②,周(zhou)(zhou)民(min)(min)皆说③,河洛(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,人便(bian)思之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)司徒一岁,幽王(wang)(wang)以(yi)褒后(hou)(hou)(hou)故,王(wang)(wang)室治多邪,诸侯(hou)或畔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)④。于(yu)是(shi)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)问太(tai)(tai)史伯曰(yue)(yue):“王(wang)(wang)室多故,予安逃死乎(hu)⑤?”太(tai)(tai)史伯对(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“独洛(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)土,河济(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南可居。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“何以(yi)?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“地近虢、郐(kuai)(kuai),虢、郐(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君而好利(li),百姓(xing)不(bu)附。今公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)司徒,民(min)(min)皆爱公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诚请居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虢、郐(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君见(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方用(yong)事⑥,轻分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诚居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虢、郐(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)皆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)也(ye)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“吾欲南之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江上,何如?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“昔祝(zhu)融为(wei)(wei)(wei)高辛氏火正(zheng),其功(gong)大矣,而于(yu)周(zhou)(zhou)未有兴(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe),楚(chu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)。周(zhou)(zhou)衰(shuai),楚(chu)必兴(xing)(xing)。兴(xing)(xing),非郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)也(ye)。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“吾欲居西方,何如?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“其民(min)(min)贪(tan)而好利(li),难久(jiu)居。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“周(zhou)(zhou)衰(shuai),何国兴(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)?”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“齐(qi)、秦、晋、楚(chu)乎(hu)?夫齐(qi),姜姓(xing),伯夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye),伯夷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye),伯夷佐(zuo)尧典(dian)礼(li)⑦。秦,嬴姓(xing),伯翳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye),伯翳佐(zuo)舜怀柔百物⑧。及(ji)楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先,皆尝有功(gong)于(yu)天下。而周(zhou)(zhou)武王(wang)(wang)克纣后(hou)(hou)(hou),成(cheng)王(wang)(wang)封叔虞于(yu)唐,其地阻险,以(yi)此有德与周(zhou)(zhou)衰(shuai)并,亦(yi)必兴(xing)(xing)矣。”桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue):“善(shan)。”于(yu)是(shi)卒(zu)言(yan)王(wang)(wang)⑨,东(dong)徙民(min)(min)洛(luo)东(dong),而虢、郐(kuai)(kuai)果(guo)献十邑,竟(jing)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)⑩。
二岁(sui),犬戎(rong)杀(sha)幽王于骊山下(xia),并(bing)杀(sha)桓公。郑人共立其子掘突,是(shi)为(wei)武公。
①庶弟:《集解》云:“《年表》云母弟。” ②和(he)(he)集:同“和(he)(he)辑”;和(he)(he)协安(an)抚。 ③说:通(tong)“悦”。 ④畔:通(tong)“叛”。 ⑤逃(tao)死:死里逃(tao)生(sheng)。⑥用(yong)事:当权。 ⑦典礼:制度和(he)(he)礼仪。 ⑧怀柔:旧指统治者用(yong)政治手段(duan)笼络人心(xin),使之(zhi)归服。 ⑨卒:通(tong)“猝”。急速,突(tu)然。 ⑩据《国语(yu)》等载,桓公(gong)(gong)死幽(you)王之(zhi)难,其子武(wu)公(gong)(gong)与平(ping)王东(dong)徙,卒定(ding)下(xia)邑之(zhi)地(di)以为(wei)国,河(he)南新郑是也(ye)。然则(ze)桓公(gong)(gong)始谋,非(fei)身得也(ye)。武(wu)公(gong)(gong)始国,非(fei)桓公(gong)(gong)也(ye)。武(wu)灭(mie)虢(guo)、郐(kuai)、非(fei)王徙之(zhi)而(er)献邑也(ye)。十邑中(zhong)八邑各为(wei)其国,非(fei)虢(guo)、郐(kuai)之(zhi)地(di),无由献之(zhi)也(ye)。
武公十年,娶(qu)申(shen)侯女为(wei)(wei)夫人(ren)(ren),曰武姜。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)太(tai)子(zi)寤生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)①,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)难,及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),夫人(ren)(ren)弗爱(ai)(ai)。后生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)少(shao)子(zi)叔(shu)段,段生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)易,夫人(ren)(ren)爱(ai)(ai)之(zhi)。二十七年,武公疾(ji)。夫人(ren)(ren)请公,欲立(li)段为(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi),公弗听(ting)。是(shi)岁,武公卒(zu),寤生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)立(li),是(shi)为(wei)(wei)庄公。
庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)元年(nian),封弟(di)段(duan)于京(jing),号太(tai)叔。祭仲曰:“京(jing)大于国(guo)②,非(fei)所以(yi)封庶也(ye)。”庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)曰:“武姜欲之,我(wo)弗敢夺也(ye)。”段(duan)至(zhi)京(jing),缮治甲兵③,与其母(mu)武姜谋袭郑。二十(shi)二年(nian),段(duan)果袭郑,武姜为内应。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)发(fa)兵伐(fa)段(duan),段(duan)走(zou)。伐(fa)京(jing),京(jing)人(ren)畔段(duan),段(duan)出(chu)走(zou)鄢(yan)。鄢(yan)溃,段(duan)出(chu)奔共。于是(shi)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)迁母(mu)武姜于城颖,誓言曰:“不(bu)至(zhi)黄(huang)泉④,毋相见也(ye)。”居岁余,已悔思母(mu)。颖谷之考叔有献于公(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)赐食。考叔曰:“臣(chen)在母(mu),请(qing)君食赐臣(chen)母(mu)。”庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)曰:“我(wo)甚思母(mu),恶负(fu)盟⑤,奈(nai)何?”考叔曰:“穿地(di)至(zhi)黄(huang)泉,则(ze)相见矣(yi)。”于是(shi)遂(sui)从(cong)之,见母(mu)。
①寤生:逆生。寤通(tong)“忤”。武姜生太子脚先出母体,难(nan)产(chan),故(gu)名之曰(yue)寤生。 ②国:国都。 ③缮:修补。 ④黄泉:指人死后(hou)伏葬的地穴。下句“穿地至黄泉”的黄泉则是(shi)指地下的泉水。 ⑤恶:厌恶。
二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian),宋缪公卒(zu),公子冯奔郑(zheng)。郑(zheng)侵周(zhou)地(di),取禾。二(er)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian),卫州吁(yu)弑君桓公自立(li),与(yu)宋伐(fa)郑(zheng),以冯故也(ye)。二(er)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),始朝(chao)周(zhou)桓王(wang)。桓王(wang)怒(nu)其取禾,弗(fu)礼(li)也(ye)。二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian),庄(zhuang)公怒(nu)周(zhou)弗(fu)礼(li),与(yu)鲁(lu)易祊、许(xu)田①。三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian),宋杀孔父。三(san)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),庄(zhuang)公不朝(chao)周(zhou),周(zhou)桓王(wang)率陈(chen)、蔡、虢(guo)、卫伐(fa)郑(zheng)。庄(zhuang)公与(yu)祭(ji)仲(zhong)、高渠弥发兵(bing)自救,王(wang)师大败。祝聸射中王(wang)臂。祝聸请(qing)从之②,郑(zheng)伯(bo)止(zhi)之,曰:“犯长且(qie)难(nan)之,况敢陵天子乎?”乃(nai)止(zhi),夜令祭(ji)仲(zhong)问王(wang)疾。
①与鲁祊(bēng,崩(beng))、许(xu)田(tian)(tian):《索隐》曰:“许(xu)田(tian)(tian),近(jin)许(xu)之田(tian)(tian),鲁朝(chao)宿(su)之邑(yi)。祊者,郑所受助祭太山之汤沐邑(yi)。郑以天子(zi)不能(neng)巡宋,故以祊易许(xu)田(tian)(tian),各从(cong)其(qi)近(jin)。”详见《鲁周公世家》注。 ②从(cong):追逐。
三(san)十(shi)八年(nian),北(bei)戎(rong)伐齐(qi)(qi)①,齐(qi)(qi)使求救,郑遣太子忽(hu)将兵(bing)救齐(qi)(qi)。齐(qi)(qi)釐公欲(yu)妻(qi)之②,忽(hu)谢曰:“我小国,非齐(qi)(qi)敌也(ye)③。”时祭仲与俱,劝使取之④,曰:“君多(duo)内(nei)宠,太子无(wu)大(da)援将不立,三(san)公子皆君也(ye)。”所谓三(san)公子者,太子忽(hu),其弟突,次弟子亹(wei)也(ye)。
四十三年,郑庄(zhuang)公卒(zu)。初,祭仲(zhong)甚有宠(chong)于庄(zhuang)公,庄(zhuang)公使(shi)为卿;公使(shi)娶邓女(nv)⑤,生太子忽(hu),故祭仲(zhong)立(li)之,是(shi)为昭安。
庄公(gong)又娶宋(song)雍氏女,生厉公(gong)突。雍氏有宠(chong)于宋(song)。宋(song)庄公(gong)闻(wen)祭仲之立忽,乃(nai)使(shi)人诱召祭仲而(er)执(zhi)之⑥,曰:“不立突,将死。”亦(yi)执(zhi)以求(qiu)赂焉。祭仲许(xu)宋(song),与宋(song)盟。以突归,立之。昭公(gong)忽闻(wen)祭仲以宋(song)是要弟突⑦,九(jiu)月(yue)(辛)[丁]亥(hai),忽出奔(ben)卫。己亥(hai),突至郑,立,是为厉公(gong)。
①北(bei)戎:部(bu)族(zu)名,即(ji)山戎。 ②釐:通(tong)“僖”。 ③敌(di):匹敌(di)。 ④取(qu):通(tong)“娶”。 ⑤娶:迎娶。 ⑥执:逮捕(bu)。 ⑦要(yao):要(yao)挟(xie)。
厉(li)公(gong)四年(nian),祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)专国政①。厉(li)公(gong)患(huan)之(zhi)(zhi),阴使其(qi)婿(xu)雍(yong)纠欲杀(sha)(sha)祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)②。纠妻,祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)女也,知之(zhi)(zhi),谓其(qi)母曰:“父与夫孰亲?”母曰:“父一(yi)而已(yi),人尽夫也。”女乃告祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)反杀(sha)(sha)雍(yong)纠,戮之(zhi)(zhi)于市。厉(li)公(gong)无奈祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)何,怒纠曰:“谋及妇(fu)人,死固(gu)宜哉!”夏,厉(li)公(gong)出(chu)成居邑栎(li)。祭(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)迎昭公(gong)忽,六月乙亥,复入郑,即位。
秋,郑(zheng)厉(li)公(gong)突因栎人杀其大夫单(dan)伯,遂居之。诸侯闻厉(li)公(gong)出奔,伐郑(zheng),弗克而去。宋颇予厉(li)公(gong)兵,自守于栎,郑(zheng)以故亦不伐栎。
①专(zhuan):专(zhuan)擅(shan)。 ②阴(yin):暗中。
昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)二年,自昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)太子(zi)时,父庄公(gong)(gong)欲(yu)以高渠(qu)弥(mi)为(wei)(wei)卿,太子(zi)忽恶(e)子(zi),庄公(gong)(gong)弗听,卒用渠(qu)弥(mi)为(wei)(wei)卿。及昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)即位(wei),惧其杀已(yi),冬十月辛卯,渠(qu)弥(mi)与昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)出猬,射杀昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)于野。祭仲与渠(qu)弥(mi)不敢(gan)入厉公(gong)(gong),乃更(geng)立昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)引子(zi)亹为(wei)(wei)君,是为(wei)(wei)子(zi)亹也,无谥(shi)号①。
子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)元年七月(yue),齐(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)会(hui)诸侯(hou)于(yu)首止,郑子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)往会(hui),高渠弥相(xiang)②,从(cong),祭仲(zhong)(zhong)称(cheng)疾(ji)(ji)不(bu)行(xing)(xing)。所以然者(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)自齐(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)为公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之时,尝会(hui)斗,相(xiang)仇,乃会(hui)诸侯(hou),祭仲(zhong)(zhong)请子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)无行(xing)(xing)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)曰(yue):“齐(qi)(qi)强,而(er)厉(li)(li)公(gong)居栎,即(ji)不(bu)往,是(shi)(shi)(shi)率诸侯(hou)伐我(wo),内(nei)厉(li)(li)公(gong)③。我(wo)不(bu)如往,往何(he)遽必辱(ru)④,且又何(he)至是(shi)(shi)(shi)!”卒(zu)行(xing)(xing)。于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭仲(zhong)(zhong)恐齐(qi)(qi)并杀之,故称(cheng)疾(ji)(ji)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)至,不(bu)谢齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou),齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou)怒,遂伏甲而(er)杀子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)。高渠弥亡归,归与祭仲(zhong)(zhong)谋,召子(zi)(zi)(zi)亹(wei)(wei)弟公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)地陈而(er)立(li)之,是(shi)(shi)(shi)为郑子(zi)(zi)(zi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)岁,齐(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)使彭(peng)生醉(zui)拉(la)杀鲁桓公(gong)。
①谥:古代帝王及(ji)官僚死(si)后(hou),按生前的(de)(de)事迹(ji),由统(tong)治阶级所给予的(de)(de)表示褒(bao)贬的(de)(de)称号。 ②相(xiang):辅佐(zuo)。 ③内:通“纳”。 ④遽:“讵”。岂,何。
郑子八年(nian),齐人管至父等乱,弑其(qi)君(jun)襄(xiang)公。二十年(nian),宋(song)人长弑其(qi)君(jun)湣公。郑祭仲(zhong)死。
十(shi)四年,故(gu)郑亡厉(li)(li)公(gong)突在栎(li)者使人诱(you)劫郑大夫甫假(jia),要以求(qiu)入(ru)。假(jia)曰(yue)(yue):“舍我(wo),我(wo)为君(jun)杀郑子而入(ru)君(jun)。”厉(li)(li)公(gong)与(yu)盟,乃舍之(zhi)(zhi)。六(liu)月甲子,假(jia)杀郑子及其二子而迎(ying)厉(li)(li)公(gong)突,突自(zi)栎(li)复(fu)(fu)入(ru)即位。初,内蛇与(yu)外(wai)蛇斗于(yu)郑南门中,内蛇死。居六(liu)年,厉(li)(li)公(gong)果复(fu)(fu)入(ru)。入(ru)而让(rang)其伯(bo)父原(yuan)曰(yue)(yue):“我(wo)亡国外(wai)居,伯(bo)父无(wu)意入(ru)我(wo),亦(yi)甚矣(yi)。”原(yuan)曰(yue)(yue):“事(shi)君(jun)无(wu)二心,人臣之(zhi)(zhi)职也①。原(yuan)知罪矣(yi)。”遂(sui)自(zi)杀。厉(li)(li)公(gong)于(yu)是(shi)谓甫假(jia)曰(yue)(yue)::“子之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)君(jun)有二心矣(yi)。”遂(sui)诛之(zhi)(zhi)。假(jia)曰(yue)(yue):“重德(de)不报②,诚然哉(zai)?”
①职:本分(fen),职分(fen)。 ②重德:大德,厚德。
厉公(gong)突(tu)后元(yuan)年,齐桓(huan)公(gong)始霸。
五年,燕(yan)、卫(wei)与击惠(hui)(hui)王弟颓伐王①,王出奔温,立弟颓为(wei)王。六年,惠(hui)(hui)王告急郑,厉(li)公发兵击周王子(zi)颓,弗胜,于是与周惠(hui)(hui)王归,王居于栎。七年春(chun),郑厉(li)公与虢叔(shu)袭杀(sha)王子(zi)颓而入惠(hui)(hui)王于周。
秋,厉公卒,子文公踕立(li)。厉公初(chu)立(li)四岁,亡(wang)居(ju)(ju)栎,居(ju)(ju)栎十七(qi)岁,复入,立(li)七(qi)岁,与亡(wang)凡(fan)二(er)十八年。
①据(ju)《左传·庄(zhuang)公十九年》载:初,王(wang)(wang)(wang)姚(yao)得宠(chong)(chong)于(yu)庄(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang),生(sheng)子(zi)颓。子(zi)颓有宠(chong)(chong),国(guo)当他(ta)的老师。惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)即位后(hou),夺取了(le)国(guo)的圃(pu)作(zuo)为自己(ji)的圃(pu),夺了(le)近于(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)宫的边伯(bo)(bo)的房产,又夺了(le)子(zi)禽祝跪与詹(zhan)(zhan)父(fu)的田地,还没收了(le)膳夫(fu)石速的俸(feng)禄。所以国(guo)、边伯(bo)(bo)、石速、詹(zhan)(zhan)父(fu)、子(zi)禽祝跪借着苏氏反对王(wang)(wang)(wang)室而(er)作(zuo)乱(luan)。秋天,五大夫(fu)奉子(zi)颓之命讨伐(fa)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)(wang),未取胜,逃到温。苏子(zi)又奉子(zi)颓之命逃到卫国(guo)。卫师、燕师共同讨伐(fa)周朝。冬,立(li)子(zi)颓。
文公(gong)十七年,齐桓公(gong)以(yi)后蔡,遂(sui)伐楚,召陵。
二十四年,文公(gong)之贱妾曰(yue)燕姞,梦(meng)天与之兰,曰(yue):“余为伯鯈。余,尔祖也(ye)。以是(shi)为而子①,兰有(you)国香②。”以梦(meng)告文公(gong),文公(gong)幸之③,而予之草兰为符(fu)④。遂生子,名(ming)曰(yue)兰。
三十六年(nian),晋公(gong)子重耳(er)过(guo),文公(gong)弗(fu)礼。文公(gong)弟叔詹(zhan)(zhan)曰:“重耳(er)贤,且又同(tong)姓,穷而过(guo)君,不(bu)可无礼。”文公(gong)曰:“诸(zhu)侯亡公(gong)子过(guo)者多(duo)矣,安能尽礼之!”詹(zhan)(zhan)曰:“君如弗(fu)礼,遂(sui)杀(sha)之;弗(fu)杀(sha)使即反国(guo)⑤,为郑(zheng)忧矣。”文公(gong)弗(fu)听。
三十(shi)七(qi)年春,晋公子重耳反国(guo),立,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)文(wen)公。秋,郑(zheng)(zheng)入(ru)滑(hua)(hua),滑(hua)(hua)听命,已而反与(yu)卫⑥,于(yu)是(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)伐(fa)滑(hua)(hua)。周襄(xiang)王使伯犕请滑(hua)(hua)。郑(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公怨惠(hui)王之亡在栎,而文(wen)公父厉(li)公入(ru)之,而惠(hui)王不赐厉(li)公爵禄,又怨襄(xiang)王之与(yu)卫滑(hua)(hua),故(gu)不听襄(xiang)王请而囚伯服。王怒,与(yu)翟(zhai)人(ren)伐(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng),弗克。冬,翟(zhai)攻(gong)伐(fa)襄(xiang)王,襄(xiang)王出奔郑(zheng)(zheng),郑(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)公居王于(yu)氾。三十(shi)八年,晋文(wen)公入(ru)襄(xiang)王成国(guo)。
①而:通“尔”,你。 ②国香(xiang):极(ji)为(wei)(wei)浓(nong)烈的香(xiang)气。后称(cheng)兰花(hua)为(wei)(wei)国香(xiang)。 ③幸:宠爱。 ④符(fu):凭(ping)证。 ⑤反:通“返”。⑥与(yu):亲(qin)附。
四十一(yi)年(nian),助楚(chu)击晋(jin)(jin)(jin)。自晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)过无,故(gu)背晋(jin)(jin)(jin)助楚(chu)。四十三年(nian),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)与秦(qin)(qin)穆公(gong)(gong)共(gong)围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),讨其(qi)(qi)助楚(chu)攻晋(jin)(jin)(jin)者,及文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)过时之(zhi)无礼也(ye)。初,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)有三人(ren),宠子(zi)(zi)五人(ren),皆以(yi)罪蚤(zao)死(si)①。公(gong)(gong)怒,溉逐群公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)②。子(zi)(zi)兰奔晋(jin)(jin)(jin),从(cong)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。时兰事晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)甚谨,爱幸(xing)之(zhi),乃(nai)和于晋(jin)(jin)(jin),以(yi)求入郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)于是(shi)欲得(de)叔詹为(wei)(wei)僇③。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)恐,不(bu)(bu)敢谓叔詹言。詹闻(wen),言于郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)曰:“臣谓君(jun),君(jun)不(bu)(bu)听(ting)臣,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)卒(zu)为(wei)(wei)患(huan)。然晋(jin)(jin)(jin)所以(yi)围(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),以(yi)詹,詹死(si)而赦郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国,詹之(zhi)愿(yuan)也(ye)。”乃(nai)自杀(sha)④。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)以(yi)詹尸与晋(jin)(jin)(jin)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)曰:“必欲一(yi)见(jian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun),辱(ru)之(zhi)而去。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)患(huan)之(zhi),乃(nai)使(shi)人(ren)私于秦(qin)(qin)曰:“破郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)益晋(jin)(jin)(jin),非秦(qin)(qin)之(zhi)利也(ye)。”秦(qin)(qin)兵罢。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)欲入兰为(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi)(zi),以(yi)靠郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)大夫(fu)石癸(gui)曰:“吾闻(wen)姞姓乃(nai)后稷之(zhi)元妃⑤,其(qi)(qi)后当有兴者。子(zi)(zi)兰母,其(qi)(qi)后也(ye)。且(qie)夫(fu)人(ren)子(zi)(zi)尽(jin)已死(si),余庶子(zi)(zi)无如兰贤。今围(wei)急,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)请,利孰大焉!”遂许晋(jin)(jin)(jin),与盟,而卒(zu)立(li)子(zi)(zi)兰为(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi)(zi),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)兵乃(nai)罢去。
四(si)十五(wu)年,文公卒,子兰(lan)立,是为缪公。
①据《左传(chuan)·宣公三年》载(zai),五子中二人以(yi)罪(zui)见杀,一(yi)人早卒,一(yi)人为楚酖死(si),其一(yi)子瑕(xia)(xia)见存,文公恶之,则(ze)非(fei)(fei)五人俱有宠也(ye),亦非(fei)(fei)皆(jie)以(yi)罪(zui)早死(si)也(ye)。蚤(zao):通(tong)“早”。 ②溉:《集解》曰(yue):“溉,一(yi)作(zuo)‘瑕(xia)(xia)’。”由此可见,瑕(xia)(xia)即子瑕(xia)(xia),“溉”当属上。 ③僇:通(tong)“戮”,杀。 ④自(zi)杀:据《晋世家(jia)》载(zai):叔詹(zhan)未(wei)尝自(zi)杀。 ⑤元(yuan)妃:君主或(huo)诸(zhu)侯的“元(yuan)配”。
缪公(gong)元年春,秦缪公(gong)使(shi)三(san)(san)将将兵(bing)(bing)欲袭郑(zheng),至滑,逢郑(zheng)贾人(ren)弦高诈(zha)以十二牛劳军(jun);故秦兵(bing)(bing)不至而还,晋(jin)败之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)崤。初(chu),往年郑(zheng)文公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)卒也,郑(zheng)司城缯(zeng)贺以郑(zheng)情卖之(zhi)(zhi),秦兵(bing)(bing)故来。三(san)(san)年,郑(zheng)发兵(bing)(bing)从晋(jin)伐秦,败秦兵(bing)(bing)于(yu)汪①。
往年(nian)(nian)楚太子商(shang)臣弑其成王代立。二十一年(nian)(nian),与宋华(hua)元伐(fa)郑。华(hua)元杀羊食士(shi)②,不与其御羊斟,怒以弛郑,郑囚华(hua)元。宋赎华(hua)元,元亦亡去。晋使(shi)赵穿以兵伐(fa)郑③。
二(er)十二(er)年,郑缪公卒,子(zi)夷立,是为灵(ling)公。
①败秦兵于汪:据(ju)梁玉绳《史记志疑(yi)》载,晋败秦彭衙,取(qu)秦汪邑,两事也(ye),此(ci)误合为一。 ②食(sì,四)士:犒劳士兵。 ③赵穿:当作赵盾。
灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)元年春;楚献鼋(yuan)于(yu)灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)①。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)家、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)将朝灵(ling)公(gong)(gong),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)食(shi)指(zhi)动(dong),谓子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)家曰(yue)(yue):“佗日指(zhi)动(dong)②,必(bi)食(shi)异物。”及人(ren)(ren),见灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)进羹,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)笑曰(yue)(yue):“果然!”灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)问笑故,具告灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)③。灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)召之(zhi)与子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)家谋先(xian)。夏,弑灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)。郑人(ren)(ren)欲立(li)灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)弟去(qu)疾(ji)(ji)(ji),去(qu)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)让(rang)曰(yue)(yue):“必(bi)以贤,由去(qu)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)不肖;必(bi)以顺(shun),则公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)坚长。”坚者,灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)庶弟,去(qu)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)兄(xiong)也(ye)。于(yu)是(shi)乃立(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)坚,是(shi)为襄公(gong)(gong)。
①鼋:俗名脚鱼(yu),又名团鱼(yu)。 ②佗(tuo)(tuō,托(tuo)):同“他”。 ③具:通(tong)“俱”,都,完(wan)全。 ④《左(zuo)传·宣(xuan)公四年(nian)》曰“染指于鼎(ding)”。
襄公(gong)立(li),将尽去缪(mou)(mou)氏。缪(mou)(mou)氏者,杀灵公(gong)子公(gong)之族家也。去疾曰:“必(bi)去缪(mou)(mou)氏,我(wo)将去之。”乃止。皆以(yi)为大夫。
襄公元年,楚(chu)怒郑(zheng)受宋赂(lu)纵华元①,伐郑(zheng)。郑(zheng)背(bei)楚(chu),与晋(jin)(jin)亲。五(wu)年,楚(chu)复(fu)伐郑(zheng),晋(jin)(jin)来救(jiu)之。六年,子家卒,国(guo)人复(fu)逐族,以弑灵之也。
七(qi)年(nian),郑(zheng)与(yu)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)盟鄢陵(ling)。八年(nian),楚庄(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)郑(zheng)与(yu)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)盟,来伐,围(wei)郑(zheng)三月,郑(zheng)以(yi)城(cheng)降楚。楚王(wang)(wang)入自皇门②,郑(zheng)襄(xiang)公肉(rou)袒(tan)羊以(yi)迎(ying)③,曰(yue):“孤(gu)不能事边邑(yi),使君(jun)王(wang)(wang)怀怒以(yi)及弊邑(yi),孤(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪也。敢(gan)不惟(wei)命(ming)是听。君(jun)王(wang)(wang)迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江南,及以(yi)赐诸侯,亦惟(wei)命(ming)是听。若(ruo)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)不忘厉、宣王(wang)(wang)、桓、武公,哀不忍绝社稷,锡不毛(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地④,使复得改(gai)事君(jun)王(wang)(wang),孤(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿也,然非所敢(gan)望也。敢(gan)布腹(fu)心(xin)⑤,惟(wei)命(ming)是听。”庄(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)为(wei)却三十里而后舍。楚群臣(chen)曰(yue):“自郢至此,士大(da)夫亦久(jiu)劳矣。今(jin)得国(guo)舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),何如?”庄(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“所为(wei)伐,伐不服(fu)也。今(jin)已服(fu),尚何乎?”卒去(qu)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)闻楚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐郑(zheng),发兵救(jiu)郑(zheng)。来持两端(duan)⑥,故迟,比至河(he)(he),楚兵已去(qu)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)将率或欲渡(du)⑦,或欲还(hai),卒渡(du)河(he)(he)。庄(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)闻还(hai)击晋(jin)(jin)(jin)。郑(zheng)反助(zhu)楚,大(da)破(po)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)军于河(he)(he)上。十年(nian),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)来伐郑(zheng),以(yi)反晋(jin)(jin)(jin)而亲楚也。
①纵:释(shi)放。 ②皇门:郑国(guo)城门。 ③:通“牵”。④锡:赐(ci)。 ⑤布:陈述。 ⑥持(chi)两(liang)端:犹豫不决。 ⑦率:通“帅”。
十(shi)一年,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)庄王(wang)伐宋(song),宋(song)告急(ji)于晋(jin)(jin)。晋(jin)(jin)景公欲(yu)发兵(bing)救宋(song),伯(bo)宗谏晋(jin)(jin)君曰:“天方开楚(chu)(chu)(chu)①,未可伐也。”乃求壮(zhuang)士(shi)得霍人(ren)解(jie)(jie)扬(yang),字子虎,诓楚(chu)(chu)(chu)6②,令(ling)宋(song)毋楚(chu)(chu)(chu)。过(guo)郑,郑与楚(chu)(chu)(chu)亲,乃执(zhi)解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)而(er)(er)献楚(chu)(chu)(chu)。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)厚赐与约(yue),使(shi)反(fan)言,令(ling)宋(song)趣(qu)降③,三(san)要乃许。于是(shi)登解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)楼车④,令(ling)呼宋(song)。遂负楚(chu)(chu)(chu)约(yue)而(er)(er)致晋(jin)(jin)君命(ming)曰⑤:“晋(jin)(jin)方悉国(guo)兵(bing)以(yi)(yi)救宋(song),宋(song)虽急(ji),慎毋降楚(chu)(chu)(chu)。晋(jin)(jin)兵(bing)今至矣!”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)庄王(wang)大怒,将杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)。解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)曰:“君能(neng)命(ming)为义⑥,臣(chen)能(neng)承命(ming)为信⑦。爱(ai)吾君命(ming)以(yi)(yi)出,有(you)死(si)无(wu)(wu)陨⑧。”庄王(wang)曰:“若之(zhi)(zhi)许我,已而(er)(er)背之(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)信安在?”解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)曰:“所以(yi)(yi)许王(wang),欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)成吾君命(ming)也。”将死(si),顾谓楚(chu)(chu)(chu)军曰:“为人(ren)臣(chen)无(wu)(wu)忘尽忠得死(si)者!”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)王(wang)诸弟皆谏王(wang)赦之(zhi)(zhi),于是(shi)赦解(jie)(jie)扬(yang)使(shi)归。
十八年,襄公卒,子悼公立。
悼(dao)公(gong)元(yuan)年,公(gong)恶郑于(yu)楚(chu),悼(dao)公(gong)使弟(di)于(yu)楚(chu)自讼。论(lun)不直(zhi)⑨,楚(chu)囚。于(yu)是郑悼(dao)公(gong)来与晋平,遂亲。私于(yu)楚(chu)子(zi)反,子(zi)反言归于(yu)郑。
二年(nian),楚伐(fa)郑,晋兵(bing)来救。是(shi)岁,悼(dao)公(gong)卒,立其弟,是(shi)为成公(gong)。
①开:开拓,扩大。 ②诓:骗。 ③趣(cù,促):赶快。 ④楼车:古代兵车之(zhi)一种(zhong),即没有望(wang)楼用(yong)以了望(wang)敌(di)人(ren)的战车。又称“巢车”,状高如鸟(niao)巢,用(yong)以瞭望(wang)敌(di)人(ren)。 ⑤致:传达,表(biao)达。 ⑥制命(ming):制定与发布命(ming)令(ling)。⑦承(cheng)命(ming):接(jie)受并(bing)贯(guan)彻(che)命(ming)令(ling)。 ⑧陨:坠落。 ⑨直:伸。
成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三年(nian);楚共王曰(yue)“郑(zheng)(zheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孤有德(de)焉”,使人(ren)来与盟(meng)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)私(si)与盟(meng)。秋,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)朝晋(jin)(jin),晋(jin)(jin)曰(yue)“郑(zheng)(zheng)私(si)平于楚”①,执(zhi)之。使栾(luan)书伐郑(zheng)(zheng)。四年(nian)春,郑(zheng)(zheng)患晋(jin)(jin)围,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子如乃(nai)立成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)庶兄为君(jun)。其四月,晋(jin)(jin)闻郑(zheng)(zheng)立君(jun),乃(nai)归成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)闻成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)归,亦杀君(jun),迎成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。晋(jin)(jin)兵去。
十(shi)年,背晋(jin)(jin)(jin)盟,盟于楚(chu)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)厉公(gong)怒,发兵伐郑(zheng)(zheng)。楚(chu)共(gong)王(wang)救郑(zheng)(zheng)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)楚(chu)战鄢陵(ling),楚(chu)兵败,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)射(she)伤楚(chu)共(gong)王(wang)目(mu),俱(ju)罢而去(qu)(qu)。十(shi)三年,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)悼公(gong)伐郑(zheng)(zheng),兵于洧上。郑(zheng)(zheng)城守,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)亦去(qu)(qu)。
十(shi)四年,成(cheng)公卒,子恽立。是为釐公。
①平:讲和。
釐公(gong)五(wu)年,郑相子驷朝釐公(gong),釐公(gong)不礼。子驷怒,使厨人(ren)药杀釐公(gong)①,赴诸侯曰“釐公(gong)暴病(bing)卒”②。立(li)釐公(gong)子嘉(jia),嘉(jia)时(shi)年五(wu)岁,是为简公(gong)。
简(jian)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)年(nian),诸公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谋欲诛(zhu)相子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)觉之(zhi),反尽诛(zhu)朱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。二年(nian),晋(jin)伐(fa)郑(zheng),郑(zheng)与盟,晋(jin)去。冬,又与楚盟。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)畏诛(zhu),故(gu)两亲晋(jin)、楚。三(san)年(nian),相子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)欲立为君,公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔(kong)使尉止杀相子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)而伐(fa)之(zhi)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔(kong)又欲自立。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产曰:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驷(si)为不可(ke),诛(zhu)之(zhi),今又效之(zhi),是乱无时(shi)息也。”于是子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔(kong)从之(zhi)而相郑(zheng)简(jian)公(gong)(gong)。
四年,晋怒郑(zheng)与(yu)楚盟,伐郑(zheng),郑(zheng)与(yu)盟。楚共王救郑(zheng)。败晋兵。简公(gong)欲与(yu)晋平,楚又囚郑(zheng)使者。
十二年,简(jian)公怒相子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孔专(zhuan)国权,诛之,而(er)以(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产为卿(qing)。十九年,简(jian)公如晋请卫君还,而(er)封(feng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产以(yi)六邑(yi)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产让,受(shou)其(qi)三(san)邑(yi)。二十二年,吴使延陵季(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于郑,见子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产如旧交,谓子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产曰:“郑之执政者侈③,难(nan)将至,政将及子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为政,必以(yi)礼;不(bu)然,郑将败。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产厚遇(yu)季(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)④。二十三(san)年,诸公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)争(zheng)宠相杀,又欲(yu)杀子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产。公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或谏曰:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产仁人,郑所以(yi)存者子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)产也,勿杀!”及止。
①使(shi)厨人药杀釐公:《年表(biao)》云(yun):“子驷(si)使(shi)贼夜杀釐公。” ②赴:报(bao)丧。 ③侈:邪行。 ④厚遇:厚待。
二(er)十五年,郑使子产于(yu)晋,问平公(gong)(gong)疾。平公(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“卜而(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)实沈(shen)(shen)、台骀(tai)(tai)为(wei)崇,史官莫知(zhi),敢问?”对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“高(gao)辛氏有二(er)子,长曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阏伯,季曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)实沈(shen)(shen),居旷林,不(bu)相能也①,日操于(yu)戈(ge)以(yi)(yi)相征伐。后(hou)帝(di)弗臧②,迁阏伯于(yu)商(shang)丘,主(zhu)(zhu)辰(chen)(chen)③,唐(tang)人(ren)是因④,故(gu)辰(chen)(chen)为(wei)商(shang)星。迁实沈(shen)(shen)于(yu)大夏(xia),主(zhu)(zhu)参(can)⑤,唐(tang)人(ren)是因,服事(shi)夏(xia)、商(shang)⑥,其季世曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)唐(tang)叔(shu)虞(yu)⑦。当武王邑姜方娠大叔(shu),梦帝(di)谓(wei)已:‘余命(ming)而(er)子曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)虞(yu),乃(nai)与之(zhi)(zhi)唐(tang),属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)参(can)而(er)蕃(fan)育(yu)其子孙⑧。’及生有文在(zai)其掌曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘虞(yu)’,遂以(yi)(yi)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)。及成王灭(mie)(mie)唐(tang)而(er)国大叔(shu)焉⑨。故(gu)参(can)为(wei)晋星。由是观之(zhi)(zhi),则实沈(shen)(shen)。参(can)神也。昔金(jin)天氏有裔(yi)子曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)味,为(wei)玄冥师(shi)⑩,生允格(ge)、台骀(tai)(tai)。台骀(tai)(tai)能业其官(11),宣汾(fen)、洮(12),障大泽(ze)(13),以(yi)(yi)处(chu)太原。帝(di)用之(zhi)(zhi),国之(zhi)(zhi)汾(fen)川。沈(shen)(shen)、姒、蓐、黄实守祀。今晋主(zhu)(zhu)汾(fen)川而(er)灭(mie)(mie)之(zhi)(zhi)。由是观之(zhi)(zhi),则台骀(tai)(tai),汾(fen)、洮神也。然是二(er)者不(bu)害君(jun)身。山川之(zhi)(zhi)神,则水旱之(zhi)(zhi)灾之(zhi)(zhi)(14);日月辰(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)神,则雪霜雨(yu)不(bu)时之(zhi)(zhi);若君(jun)疾,饮食哀乐(le)女色所生也。”平公(gong)(gong)乃(nai)叔(shu)向(xiang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“善,博物君(jun)子也!”厚为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼于(yu)子产。
①能;亲善。 ②臧:善。 ③主:主持祭(ji)祀;辰:指心宿(su),二十八宿(su)之一。 ④因:沿袭。 ⑤参(shēn,身):参宿(su),二十八宿(su)之一。⑥服事:诸侯定(ding)期进贡,各依(yi)服数(shu)以事天下。 ⑦季世:末(mo)世。⑧属:通(tong)“嘱”。托付(fu);蕃:繁殖(zhi)。 ⑨国:古代(dai)侯王(wang)的封地,此为动词。 ⑩师:长(zhang)也。 (11)业:继承(cheng)。 (12)宣:发泄(xie),疏通(tong)。 (13)障:修(xiu)筑堤防(fang)。 (14):古代(dai)禳(rang)灾之祭(ji)。
二十七年夏,郑简公朝晋。冬,畏楚灵王(wang)之强,又朝楚,子(zi)产从(cong)。二十八年,郑君病(bing),使子(zi)产会诸(zhu)侯①,与(yu)楚灵王(wang)盟(meng)于申,诛齐庄封。
三十六年,简公卒,子定(ding)公宁立。秋,定(ding)公朝晋昭公。
定公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)年,楚公(gong)(gong)子弃疾弑君灵(ling)王而自(zi)立,为平(ping)王。欲行德诸侯,归灵(ling)王所侵(qin)郑地(di)于郑。
四年,晋昭公(gong)卒,其六卿强,公(gong)室卑。子产谓韩宣子曰:“为(wei)政必以德,毋忘(wang)所以立。”
六年(nian),郑火,公欲(yu)禳(rang)之②。子产曰:“不如(ru)修德。”
八年,楚(chu)太子建来奔。十年,太子建与晋谋袭郑(zheng)。郑(zheng)杀建,建子胜奔吴。
十一(yi)年,定公(gong)如晋。晋与郑谋(mou),诛周乱臣,入敬(jing)王(wang)于周。
十三(san)年,定公(gong)(gong)卒,子献公(gong)(gong)虿(chai)立(li)。以十三(san)年卒,子声公(gong)(gong)胜(sheng)立(li)。当是时,晋六卿强(qiang),侵六郑,郑遂弱。
①据《春秋·昭公四年》载,郑伯会于申,无病使子产(chan)事(shi)。 ②禳:祭祷消灾(zai)。
声(sheng)公五年,郑(zheng)相子(zi)(zi)产(chan)卒,郑(zheng)人(ren)皆哭(ku)泣,悲之如(ru)亡亲(qin)戚。子(zi)(zi)产(chan)者,郑(zheng)成公少子(zi)(zi)也。为(wei)人(ren)爱(ai)人(ren),事君忠厚。孔子(zi)(zi)尝过(guo)郑(zheng),与子(zi)(zi)产(chan)如(ru)兄(xiong)弟云。及闻(wen)子(zi)(zi)产(chan)死,孔子(zi)(zi)为(wei)泣曰:“古(gu)之遗爱(ai)也①!”
八年,晋范、中行(xing)氏反晋,告(gao)急于郑,郑救之。晋伐(fa)郑,败郑军于铁。
十(shi)(shi)四年,宋(song)景公(gong)灭曹(cao)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)年,齐田常弑其君(jun)简公(gong),而(er)常相于齐,二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年,楚惠王(wang)灭陈(chen)。孔子卒。
三(san)十六年(nian),晋知伯伐郑,取九邑。
三十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),声公(gong)(gong)卒,子哀公(gong)(gong)立(li)。哀公(gong)(gong)八年(nian)(nian),郑(zheng)人弑公(gong)(gong)而立(li)声公(gong)(gong)弟丑,是(shi)为共(gong)公(gong)(gong)。共(gong)公(gong)(gong)三年(nian)(nian),三晋(jin)灭(mie)知伯。三十(shi)一年(nian)(nian),共(gong)公(gong)(gong),子幽(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)已立(li)。幽(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)元年(nian)(nian),韩武子伐郑(zheng),杀幽(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)。郑(zheng)人立(li)幽(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)弟骀(tai),是(shi)为公(gong)(gong)。
①《集解》曰:“子产见受,有古人遗也。”
公十五年(nian),韩景侯伐(fa)郑(zheng),取雍丘。郑(zheng)城(cheng)京。
十(shi)六(liu)年(nian),郑(zheng)伐韩(han),败韩(han)兵于负黍。二十(shi)年(nian),韩(han)、赵、魏列为(wei)诸侯。二十(shi)三年(nian),郑(zheng)围韩(han)之(zhi)阳翟。
二(er)十(shi)五年,郑君杀其(qi)相子阳(yang)。二(er)十(shi)七年,子阳(yang)之党共弑(shi)公骀而立幽公弟乙为(wei)君,是(shi)为(wei)郑君。
郑君(jun)乙立二(er)年(nian),郑负黍(shu)反(fan),复归韩(han)。十一年(nian),韩(han)伐郑,取(qu)阳城。
二十一年,韩哀侯灭郑(zheng),并其国。
太史公曰:语(yu)有之,“以权利(li)合者(zhe)①,权利(li)尽而(er)交(jiao)疏”,甫瑕是也。甫瑕虽以劫(jie)杀郑子内厉公,厉公终背而(er)杀之,此与晋之里(li)克何异?守节如荀(xun)息,身死而(er)不能存奚齐(qi)。变所从来。亦多故矣!
①合:融洽。
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