全文:
晋(jin)(jin)(jin)侯使吕相绝秦,曰:“昔逮(dai)我献公(gong)(gong)及穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)相好,戮力同(tong)心(xin),申之(zhi)以盟誓(shi),重(zhong)之(zhi)以昏(hun)姻。天祸晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国,文(wen)公(gong)(gong)如齐,惠公(gong)(gong)如秦。无禄,献公(gong)(gong)即(ji)世,穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)不(bu)忘旧德(de),俾(bi)我惠公(gong)(gong),用(yong)能奉祀于(yu)晋(jin)(jin)(jin);又不(bu)能成(cheng)大勋,而为韩之(zhi)师。亦悔于(yu)厥(jue)心(xin),用(yong)集(ji)我文(wen)公(gong)(gong),是穆(mu)之(zhi)成(cheng)也!文(wen)公(gong)(gong)躬擐甲胄,跋履山川,逾(yu)越险阻(zu),征东之(zhi)诸侯,虞、夏、商(shang)、周之(zhi)胤而朝诸秦,则亦既报旧德(de)矣。
郑人怒君之(zhi)疆埸,我文公帅诸侯(hou)(hou)及秦(qin)围郑。秦(qin)大(da)夫不询于我寡君,擅及郑盟(meng),诸侯(hou)(hou)疾之(zhi),将致(zhi)命于秦(qin)。文公恐惧,绥靖诸侯(hou)(hou)。秦(qin)师克(ke)还无害,则(ze)是我有大(da)造于西也。
无禄,文公(gong)即世,穆(mu)为不(bu)(bu)吊,蔑死(si)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)君(jun),寡我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)襄(xiang)公(gong),迭我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)崤地,奸绝我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)好,伐我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)保城(cheng)。殄灭我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)费滑,散离我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)兄弟,挠(nao)乱(luan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)同盟,倾覆我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国家,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)襄(xiang)公(gong)未忘君(jun)之旧勋,而(er)惧社稷(ji)之陨,是以(yi)有崤之师。犹愿赦罪(zui)于穆(mu)公(gong),穆(mu)公(gong)弗听,而(er)即楚(chu)谋我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)。天诱(you)其(qi)衷,成王陨命,穆(mu)公(gong)是以(yi)不(bu)(bu)克逞志于我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)。
穆、襄即世(shi),康(kang)(kang)、灵(ling)即位。康(kang)(kang)公我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)自出,又欲阙翦(jian)(jian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)公室,倾覆我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)社稷;帅我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)蝥(mao)贼,以来荡摇我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)边疆(jiang),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)是以有(you)(you)令狐之(zhi)(zhi)役。康(kang)(kang)犹不悛(quan),入我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)河曲(qu),伐我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)涑川,俘我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)王官,翦(jian)(jian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)羁(ji)马,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)是以有(you)(you)河曲(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)战。东(dong)道之(zhi)(zhi)不通,则(ze)是康(kang)(kang)公绝(jue)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)好也。
及君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嗣也,我(wo)(wo)君(jun)(jun)景公,引领西望,曰:‘庶抚我(wo)(wo)乎!’君(jun)(jun)亦不(bu)惠称盟(meng)(meng),利吾(wu)有狄(di)(di)难,入我(wo)(wo)河(he)县;焚(fen)我(wo)(wo)箕、郜;芟(shan)夷我(wo)(wo)农功;虔(qian)刘我(wo)(wo)边(bian)陲;我(wo)(wo)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)有辅氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聚。君(jun)(jun)亦悔(hui)祸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延,而(er)(er)欲徼福于(yu)先(xian)君(jun)(jun)献、穆,使伯车来(lai)命我(wo)(wo)景公,曰:‘吾(wu)与(yu)女(nv),同(tong)好弃恶,复修旧德,以(yi)(yi)追念前勋。’言誓(shi)未就(jiu),景公即世,我(wo)(wo)寡(gua)(gua)君(jun)(jun)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)有令狐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会。君(jun)(jun)又不(bu)祥,背弃盟(meng)(meng)誓(shi)。白(bai)狄(di)(di)及君(jun)(jun)同(tong)州,君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仇雠,而(er)(er)我(wo)(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昏姻(yin)也。君(jun)(jun)来(lai)赐(ci)命曰:‘吾(wu)与(yu)女(nv)伐狄(di)(di)。’寡(gua)(gua)君(jun)(jun)不(bu)敢顾昏姻(yin),畏君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)而(er)(er)受命于(yu)使。君(jun)(jun)有二(er)心于(yu)狄(di)(di),曰:‘晋将(jiang)伐女(nv)。’狄(di)(di)应且憎,是(shi)用(yong)告(gao)我(wo)(wo)。楚(chu)人(ren)恶君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)三(san)其(qi)德也,亦来(lai)告(gao)我(wo)(wo)曰:‘秦(qin)背令狐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng),而(er)(er)来(lai)求盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)我(wo)(wo)。昭告(gao)昊天上帝,秦(qin)三(san)公,楚(chu)三(san)王,曰:“余虽与(yu)晋出入,余唯(wei)利是(shi)视。”不(bu)糓恶其(qi)无成德,是(shi)用(yong)宣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)惩不(bu)壹。’诸侯备(bei)闻此言,斯(si)是(shi)用(yong)痛(tong)心疾首,昵就(jiu)寡(gua)(gua)人(ren)。
寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)帅(shuai)以(yi)听命,唯好是求,君若惠顾诸侯(hou),矜(jin)哀寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)而赐(ci)之盟,则寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)之愿也。其(qi)承宁诸侯(hou)以(yi)退(tui),岂(qi)敢(gan)徼乱?君若不施大惠,寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)不佞,其(qi)不能(neng)以(yi)诸侯(hou)退(tui)矣!敢(gan)尽布(bu)之执事(shi),俾执事(shi)实图(tu)利(li)之。”
以下为带注释原文与翻译:
【原文】
夏四月戊午,晋(jin)侯使吕相绝(jue)秦(1),曰(yue): “昔逮(dai)我献公(gong)及穆公(gong)相好(hao),戮力同心(xin)(2),申之(zhi)以(yi)盟誓(shi)(3),重之(zhi)以(yi) 昏(hun)姻(yin)(4)。天祸晋(jin)国⑤,文公(gong)如 ,惠(hui)公(gong)如秦。无禄(6),献公(gong)即世(7)。穆 公(gong)不忘(wang)旧德,俾我惠(hui)公(gong)用能奉祀于晋(jin)(8)。又不能成大勋,而为韩之(zhi) 师(shi)(9)。亦悔于厥(jue)心(xin)(10),用集(ji)我文公(gong)(11)。是穆之(zhi)成也。
“文(wen)(wen)公躬擐甲胄(12),跋履山川(chuan)(13),逾(yu)越险阻,征(zheng)东(dong)之(zhi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),虞、 夏、商(shang)、周之(zhi)见而朝诸(zhu)(zhu)秦(14),则亦既报(bao)旧德矣(15)。郑(zheng)人怒君之(zhi)疆(jiang)埸(16), 我文(wen)(wen)公帅诸(zhu)(zhu)候(hou)及秦围(wei)郑(zheng)。秦大(da)夫不询于(yu)我寡(gua)君,擅及郑(zheng)盟(17)。诸(zhu)(zhu)候(hou) 疾(ji)之(zhi)(18),将致命(ming)于(yu)秦(19)。文(wen)(wen)公恐惧,绥(sui)静诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(20),秦师克还无害,则 是我有大(da)造于(yu)西也(21)。
“无禄,文公(gong)即(ji)世;穆(mu)为不(bu)吊(22),蔑死我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)君(jun),寡我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(25),迭我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo) 淆地(di)(26),*绝(jue)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)好(27),代我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)保城(26)。殄灭我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)费滑(hua)(27),散离(li)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)兄弟(28),挠 乱我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)同盟(29),倾复我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国家。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)未(wei)忘君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)旧勋,而惧社(she)稷之(zhi)(zhi)陨, 是以有淆之(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)。犹(you)愿放罪于(yu)穆(mu)公(gong)(30),穆(mu)公(gong)弗(fu)听,而即(ji)楚谋(mou)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(31)。天 诱(you)其(qi)衷(32),成王陨命,穆(mu)公(gong)是以不(bu)克逞志于(yu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)。
“穆、襄(xiang)即(ji)世(33),康(kang)、灵即(ji)位(wei)(34)。康(kang)公(gong),我(wo)(wo)(wo)之自出(35),又欲阙翦 我(wo)(wo)(wo)公(gong)室(36),倾覆我(wo)(wo)(wo)社稷,帅我(wo)(wo)(wo)螫贼(37),以(yi)来荡摇我(wo)(wo)(wo)边疆,我(wo)(wo)(wo)是(shi)以(yi)有 令狐之役。康(kang)犹不俊(38),入我(wo)(wo)(wo)河曲(qu)(39),伐我(wo)(wo)(wo)涑川(40),俘我(wo)(wo)(wo)王官(41),翦 我(wo)(wo)(wo)羁马(ma)(42),我(wo)(wo)(wo)以(yi)是(shi)有河曲(qu)之战。东道之不通(43),则是(shi)康(kang)公(gong)绝我(wo)(wo)(wo)好也。
“及君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嗣也(44),我君(jun)(jun)(jun)景公(gong)引西望曰(yue)(45):‘庶抚我乎(46)!’君(jun)(jun)(jun)亦 不(bu)惠(hui)称盟(meng)(47),利吾(wu)有(you)狄(di)(di)(di)难(48),入我河县(49),焚我箕(ji)、郜(50),芟夷(yi)我农 功(51),虔刘(liu)我边垂(chui)(52),我以(yi)是(shi)(shi)有(you)辅(fu)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聚(ju)(53)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)亦悔(hui)祸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延(yan),而(er)欲徼(jiao) 福于(yu)(yu)先(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)献(xian)、穆,使伯(bo)车来命我景公(gong)曰(yue)(54):‘吾(wu)与(yu)(yu)女同好弃恶,复 修旧德(de),以(yi)追念前勋。’言誓未就,景公(gong)即世(shi),我寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)有(you)令狐(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(55)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)又不(bu)祥(56),背弃盟(meng)誓。白狄(di)(di)(di)及君(jun)(jun)(jun)同州(57),君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仇谁,而(er)我昏姻(yin)也(58)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)来赐(ci)命曰(yue):‘吾(wu)与(yu)(yu)女代狄(di)(di)(di)。’寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)敢(gan)顾昏姻(yin)。畏君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 威,而(er)受命于(yu)(yu)吏(59)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)二(er)(er)心(xin)于(yu)(yu)狄(di)(di)(di),曰(yue):‘晋(jin)将伐女。’狄(di)(di)(di)应且憎, 是(shi)(shi)用(yong)告(gao)(gao)我(60)。楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)恶君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)三(san)其德(de)也(61),亦来告(gao)(gao)我曰(yue):‘秦背令狐(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 盟(meng),而(er)来求(qiu)盟(meng)于(yu)(yu)我:“昭告(gao)(gao)与(yu)(yu)昊天上帝、秦三(san)公(gong)、楚(chu)三(san)王曰(yue)(62):‘余虽与(yu)(yu)晋(jin)出(chu)入(63),余唯(wei)(wei)利是(shi)(shi)视(64)。’”不(bu)谷恶其无成(cheng)德(de),则用(yong)宣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)惩(cheng)不(bu)壹(65)。’诸(zhu)侯备闻此言,斯是(shi)(shi)用(yong)痛心(xin)疾首,昵就寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(66)。寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)帅(shuai)以(yi)听命(67),唯(wei)(wei)好是(shi)(shi)求(qiu)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)若惠(hui)顾诸(zhu)侯,矜(jin)哀(ai)寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)(ren),而(er)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng),则寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿也,其承宁(ning)诸(zhu)侯以(yi)退(tui)(68),岂敢(gan)徼(jiao)乱?君(jun)(jun)(jun)若不(bu)施大惠(hui),寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)佞(69),其不(bu)能以(yi)诸(zhu)候退(tui)矣。敢(gan)尽布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)执(zhi)事, 俾执(zhi)事实图(tu)利之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(70)。”
【注释】
①晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)侯;晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)厉公(gong)(gong)。吕(lv)(lv)相,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大夫,魏骑现依的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儿子魏相,因(yin)食(shi)色在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)吕(lv)(lv),又 称吕(lv)(lv)相。绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue);绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)交。②毅(yi)力(li):合力(li),并(bing)力(li)。③申(shen):申(shen)明(ming)。(4)重(zhong):加重(zhong),加深。昏(hun)姻:婚(hun)姻。秦(qin)(qin)、晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有联姻关系(xi)。⑤天祸:天降灾(zai)祸, 指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骊(li)姬之乱。(6)无禄(lu)(lu):没有福禄(lu)(lu)。这(zhei)(zhei)里(li)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)幸。(7)即(ji)(ji)世;去世。 (8)俾:使。用(yong):因(yin)为。奉祀(si)(si);主持祭祀(si)(si)。这(zhei)(zhei)里(li)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立为国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)。(9)韩之师(shi): 韩地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)战争,指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)韩原之战。(10)厥:其,指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)。(11)用(yong):因(yin)而。 集:成全。(12)躬:亲(qin)身。擐:穿上。(13)跋履:跋涉。(14) 胤(yin) (yin):后代。东(dong)(dong)(dong)方诸侯国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)大多是(shi)虞、夏、商、周的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后代。(15)旧(jiu)德(de)(de): 过(guo)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恩惠。(16)怒:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侵犯。疆场:边(bian)疆。(17)询:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)商量。擅(shan)及郑盟(meng)(meng):擅(shan)自与郑人(ren)订盟(meng)(meng)。(18)疾:憎(zeng)恶,憎(zeng)恨(hen)。(19)致命于秦(qin)(qin);与秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)拼命。(20)绥静:安(an)定,安(an)抚。(21)大造:大功。西(xi)(xi)(xi):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。(22)不(bu)吊:不(bu)善。(23)寡(gua):这(zhei)(zhei)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思是(shi)轻视(shi)(shi)。(24)迭:同(tong)(tong)“轶”,越过(guo),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侵犯。(25)*绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue):断绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)。我好:同(tong)(tong)我友好。(26)保(bao):同(tong)(tong)“堡”,城堡。 (27)殄(tian)灭(mie);灭(mie)绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)。费(bi):滑(hua)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都城,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)偃(yan)师(shi)附近(jin)。费滑(hua)即(ji)(ji)滑(hua)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。(28)散(san)离:拆散(san)。兄弟:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄弟国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)。(29)挠乱;扰乱。同(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng):同(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia),指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和滑(hua)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。(30)犹(you)愿:还是(shi)希(xi)望。(31)即(ji)(ji)楚:亲(qin)近(jin)楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。谋我:谋算我晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。(32)诱:开启。衷:内心(xin)(xin)。(33)穆(mu)、襄:秦(qin)(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)和晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)。(34)康(kang)、灵:秦(qin)(qin)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)和晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)灵公(gong)(gong)。(35)我之自出:秦(qin)(qin)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)是(shi)穆(mu)姬所(suo)生,是(shi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)甥(sheng),所(suo)以(yi)说“自出”。(36)阙翦:损害(hai),削弱。(37)蟊 (mao)贼:本指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吃庄(zhuang)(zhuang)稼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)虫,这(zhei)(zhei)里(li)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)于雍。(38)悛(quan):悔改。 (39)河(he)曲:晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地名(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)永济东(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)。(40)涑(Su)川:水(shui)名(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai) 今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)部。(41)俘:劫掠。王(wang)官(guan):晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地名(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)闻喜西(xi)(xi)(xi)。 (42)羁马:晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地名(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)永济南(nan)(nan)。(43)东(dong)(dong)(dong)道(dao);晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)东(dong)(dong)(dong)边(bian),所(suo)以(yi) 称“东(dong)(dong)(dong)道(dao)”。不(bu)通:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)断绝(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)关系(xi)。(44)君(jun);指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)桓公(gong)(gong)。(45)引(yin):伸长。 :脖子。(46)蔗:大概,或(huo)许。抚:抚恤。(47)称盟(meng)(meng):举行盟(meng)(meng)会(hui)。 (48)狄(di)(di)难:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)(tong)狄(di)(di)人(ren)打仗(zhang)(49)河(he)县(xian):晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)临河(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)县(xian)邑。(50)箕(ji):晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地名(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)蒲县(xian)东(dong)(dong)(dong)北。郜(gdo):晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地名(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)(xi)(xi)祁县(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)。 (51)芟(shan)( shan):割除。夷:伤害(hai)。农功:庄(zhuang)(zhuang)稼。(52)虔刘:杀害(hai),屠(tu)杀。边(bian)垂:边(bian)陲(chui),边(bian)境。(53)辅氏:晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地名(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陕(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)大荔东(dong)(dong)(dong)。聚:聚众抗(kang)敌。 (54)伯车(che):秦(qin)(qin)桓公(gong)(gong)之子。(55)寡(gua)君(jun):指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)历公(gong)(gong)。(56)不(bu)详:不(bu)善。 (57)白(bai)狄(di)(di):狄(di)(di)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)支。及:与。同(tong)(tong)州:同(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)古雍州。(58)婚(hun)姻;指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen) 公(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)狄(di)(di)娶季隗。(59)吏:指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)传(chuan)令的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使臣。(60)是(shi)用(yong):因(yin)此(ci)。(61) 二(er)三(san)其德(de)(de);三(san)心(xin)(xin)二(er)薏,反复(fu)无常。(62)昭(zhao):明(ming)。昊:广(guang)大。秦(qin)(qin)三(san)公(gong)(gong):秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)、康(kang)公(gong)(gong) 、共公(gong)(gong)。楚三(san)王(wang):楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成王(wang)、穆(mu)王(wang)、庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王(wang)。(63)出入:往来。 (64)唯利(li)(li)是(shi)视(shi)(shi):一(yi)心(xin)(xin)图(tu)利(li)(li),唯利(li)(li)是(shi)图(tu)。(65)不(bu)壹:不(bu)专(zhuan)一(yi)。(66)昵就:亲(qin)近(jin)。 (67)帅以(yi)听命:率 诸侯来听侯君(jun)王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命令。(68)承(cheng)宁(ning):安(an)定。 (69)不(bu)佞:不(bu)敏,不(bu)才。(70)图(tu):考(kao)虑。利(li)(li)之:对秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有利(li)(li)。
【译文】
夏天四月初(chu)五,晋(jin)历公派吕相去(qu)秦国(guo)(guo)断交,说:“从(cong)前我们先君(jun)献公与穆(mu)公相友好, 心合力,用(yong)盟(meng)誓(shi)来(lai)明(ming)确(que)两国(guo)(guo)关系,用(yong)婚姻来(lai)加深两国(guo)(guo)关系。上天降(jiang)祸(huo)晋(jin)国(guo)(guo),文(wen)公逃亡(wang) 国(guo)(guo),惠公逃亡(wang)秦国(guo)(guo)。不(bu)幸献公去(qu)逝,穆(mu)公不(bu)忘从(cong)前的交情(qing),使我们惠公因此 能(neng)回(hui)晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)主(zhu)持祭祀。但是(shi)秦国(guo)(guo)又没有完成大(da)的功劳,却(que)同我们发生 了韩原之战。事后穆(mu)公心里(li)感到(dao)了后悔,因而成全了我们文(wen)公回(hui)国(guo)(guo)为君(jun)。这(zhei)都是(shi)穆(mu)公的功劳。
“文公亲自(zi)戴(dai)盔披(pi)甲,跋山涉水,经历艰难(nan)险阻,征讨东(dong)方(fang)诸(zhu)(zhu)候(hou)国(guo)(guo)(guo),虞、夏、商、周(zhou)的后代都来朝(chao)见秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君王,这就已(yi)经报(bao)答了(le)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)过去的恩德了(le)。郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)人侵(qin)扰(rao)君王的边疆,我(wo)们文公率诸(zhu)(zhu)侯和(he)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)一起去包围郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)大夫(fu)不和(he)我(wo)们国(guo)(guo)(guo)君商量,擅(shan)自(zi)同郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)订立盟约。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯都痛恨这种做法(fa),要同秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)拼命(ming)。文公 担心秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)受损,说服了(le)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)军队(dui)才得(de)以回国(guo)(guo)(guo)而没有(you)受到(dao)损害, 这就是我(wo)们对秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)大恩大德之处。
“不幸文公(gong)去逝,穆公(gong)不坏好意蔑视我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们故去的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)君(jun),轻(qing)视我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们攘公(gong),侵(qin)扰(rao)(rao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)淆地,断(duan)绝同(tong)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)友好,攻打我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)城堡,灭绝我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)滑国(guo)(guo),离间我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们兄弟国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)关系,扰(rao)(rao)乱我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)盟邦, 颠覆我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们攘公(gong)没(mei)有忘(wang)记(ji)秦君(jun)以(yi)往的(de)(de)功劳,却又(you)害怕国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)灭亡,所以(yi)才淆地的(de)(de)战斗。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们是(shi)希望穆公(gong)宽(kuan)免我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)罪(zui)过,穆公(gong)卜(bu)同(tong)意,反而亲近(jin)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)来算计我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们。老天又(you)眼,楚(chu)成(cheng)王丧了命,穆公(gong)因此没(mei)有使侵(qin)犯(fan)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)图谋得逞(cheng)。
穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)和攘公(gong)(gong)去逝,康(kang)公(gong)(gong)和灵公(gong)(gong)即位(wei)。康(kang)公(gong)(gong)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)先君献公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)外甥,却又想损害我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)公(gong)(gong)室,颠覆(fu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)国家,率公(gong)(gong)子雍回国争位(wei), 让他扰(rao)乱我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)边疆,于是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)才有令狐之站。康(kang)公(gong)(gong)还不肯(ken)悔改,入(ru)侵我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)河曲,攻打(da)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)涑川(chuan),劫(jie)掠我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)王宫,夺走(zou)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)羁马(ma),因此(ci)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)才有了河曲之站。望东方(fang)的(de)(de)不通(tong),正视因为康(kang)公(gong)(gong)断绝了同我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)友好关系。
“等到君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)即(ji)位之后(hou),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)伸(shen)长脖子望著西边说:‘恐怕(pa)要(yao)关照(zhao)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)吧!’但君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)还是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肯开(kai)(kai)恩同(tong)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)结(jie)(jie)为盟(meng)好(hao),却(que)乘我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)遇上狄(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)祸(huo)乱(luan)之机,入侵我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)临(lin)河的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)县邑(yi),焚(fen)烧我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萁、郜两地 ,抢(qiang)割毁(hui)坏我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庄稼,屠杀我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)边民,因(yin)此我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)才(cai)(cai)(cai)有(you)辅氏(shi)之站。君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)后(hou)悔两国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)战争蔓延,因(yin)而(er)想(xiang)向(xiang)先君(jun)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)求(qiu)(qiu)福, 派(pai)遣(qian)伯(bo)车来(lai)命令我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)说:‘我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)你(ni)们(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)互友好(hao),抛(pao)弃怨恨, 恢复(fu)(fu)过去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)友谊(yi),以(yi)追悼(dao)从前先君(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)绩。’盟(meng)誓还没有(you)完成,景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong) 就去逝了,因(yin)此我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)才(cai)(cai)(cai)有(you)了令狐(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盟(meng)会。君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)产生了不(bu)(bu)(bu)善之心(xin)(xin)(xin), 背弃了盟(meng)誓。白狄(di)(di)和(he)(he)秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)处(chu)雍州,是(shi)(shi)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仇敌,却(que) 是(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姻亲(qin)。君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)赐给我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)命令说:‘我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)你(ni)们(men)(men)(men)一起攻打狄(di)(di) 人(ren)(ren)。’我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)顾念姻亲(qin)之好(hao),畏惧(ju)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威严,接受了君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang) 使臣攻打狄(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命令。但君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)又对狄(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)表(biao)示(shi)友好(hao),对狄(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)说:‘晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 将要(yao)攻打你(ni)们(men)(men)(men)。’狄(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)表(biao)面(mian)上答应了你(ni)们(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),心(xin)(xin)(xin)里却(que)憎恨你(ni)们(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法(fa), 因(yin)此告(gao)诉了我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)。楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)同(tong)样憎恨君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)反复(fu)(fu)无(wu)常(chang),也(ye) 来(lai)告(gao)诉我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)说;‘秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)背叛(pan)了令狐(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盟(meng)约,而(er)来(lai)向(xiang)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)结(jie)(jie)盟(meng)。 他们(men)(men)(men)向(xiang)著皇天(tian)上帝、秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三位先公(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三位先王(wang)(wang)(wang)宣(xuan)誓说 :‘我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)虽然(ran)和(he)(he)晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)来(lai)往,当(dang)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)只(zhi)关注利(li)益。’我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)讨厌他们(men)(men)(men)反复(fu)(fu)无(wu)常(chang), 把这些(xie)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)开(kai)(kai),以(yi)便惩(cheng)戒那些(xie)用(yong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)专一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)。’诸侯(hou)们(men)(men)(men)全(quan)(quan)都听(ting)到了 这些(xie)话(hua),因(yin)此感到痛(tong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)疾首,都来(lai)和(he)(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)亲(qin)近。现在我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)率 诸侯(hou)前来(lai)听(ting)命,完全(quan)(quan)是(shi)(shi)为了请求(qiu)(qiu)盟(meng)好(hao)。如果君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)肯开(kai)(kai)恩顾念诸侯(hou)们(men)(men)(men), 哀怜寡人(ren)(ren),赐我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)缔(di)结(jie)(jie)盟(meng)誓,这就是(shi)(shi)寡人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)愿,寡人(ren)(ren)将安抚诸侯(hou)而(er)退走(zou),哪里敢(gan)自求(qiu)(qiu)祸(huo)乱(luan)呢(ni)?如果君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)施(shi)行大恩大德(de)(de), 寡人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)才(cai)(cai)(cai),恐怕(pa)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)能率 诸侯(hou)退走(zou)了,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)谨向(xiang)全(quan)(quan)部意思都向(xiang)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)德(de)(de)左(zuo)右(you)执行宣(xuan)布了,望他们(men)(men)(men)权衡(heng)怎样才(cai)(cai)(cai)对秦(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)利(li)。”
【读解】
照(zhao)吕相的说法,秦国(guo)及其国(guo)君秦桓公真的是(shi)十恶不赦了(le),芑止(zhi)断交,就是(shi)亡(wang)国(guo)灭(mie)种都罪(zui)有(you)应得,死有(you)余辜。
这就是言辞的力量。
我们(men)不得不佩服我们(men)春秋时(shi)代的(de)祖(zu)先(xian)。他们(men)没(mei)有(you)象(xiang)索绪尔、乔姆(mu)期基等人(ren)那(nei)样(yang)发明(ming)出一套深奥(ao)的(de)语(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)学(xue)理论,没(mei)有(you)象(xiang)福(fu)柯那(nei)样(yang) 专(zhuan)心(xin)(xin)研究话(hua)语(yu)(yu)(yu)同权利的(de)关(guan)系,也没(mei)有(you)象(xiang)咱们(men)六朝时(shi)期的(de)佛典翻译家(jia)和文学(xue)家(jia)那(nei)样(yang)专(zhuan)门研究过语(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)问(wen)题;但他们(men)是(shi)天才的(de)运用言(yan)(yan)语(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)人(ren),是(shi)天才的(de)演(yan)说家(jia)和雄辩家(jia)。他们(men)凭(ping)天赋(fu)悟出了言(yan)(yan)辞懂得力量(liang)说话(hua)的(de)艺术和利用言(yan)(yan)辞的(de)技(ji)巧(qiao)。同时(shi),他们(men)也是(shi)天才的(de)心(xin)(xin)理学(xue)家(jia),凭(ping)直觉(jue)把人(ren)心(xin)(xin)、人(ren)性摸了个透。因此,他们(men)悟出锋(feng)利,有(you)含蓄深沉(chen); 指(zhi)向明(ming)确,又(you)无(wu)所不包;温文尔雅,却又(you)处处逼人(ren),把言(yan)(yan)辞的(de)力量(liang) 发挥到了及至,无(wu)法(fa)再淋漓尽致了。
他们达(da)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果,是在不经意之中(zhong)自(zi)然而然把白的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)成(cheng)黑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)成(cheng)圆(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),错的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)成(cheng)对(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)成(cheng)对(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)成(cheng)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)成(cheng)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),让听者确信不疑(yi),确信说(shuo)者对(dui)了,自(zi)己错了,确信真理和道义在说(shuo)者手(shou)中(zhong),而不在自(zi)己一方。
他(ta)们(men)的(de)目(mu)的(de)不(bu)(bu)外(wai)乎(hu)是为了(le)达(da)到(dao)某(mou)一实(shi)际目(mu)的(de),在此前提下(xia),最妙的(de)是不(bu)(bu)经意和(he)自然(ran)(ran)而然(ran)(ran),让(rang)人在不(bu)(bu)知不(bu)(bu)觉中落入圈套(tao),等明白 过来以后才大(da)呼上当,他(ta)们(men)充分利(li)用了(le)语(yu)言(yan)的(de)张(zhang)力,利(li)用了(le)语(yu)言(yan)的(de)模糊(hu)性(xing),以及语(yu)言(yan)的(de)开放性(xing)和(he)遮蔽功能(neng),再加上逻辑上偷(tou)梁换(huan)柱的(de)手法,制造语(yu)言(yan)的(de)和(he)思(si)维的(de)种(zhong)种(zhong)陷阱,让(rang)对手无(wu)法摆脱语(yu)言(yan)的(de)罗网。
要(yao)(yao)成为(wei)一个优秀的(de)(de)(de)说客并(bing)非易(yi)事。起码的(de)(de)(de)条件(jian)是口齿伶俐,巧(qiao)舌若簧(huang),天(tian)资聪颖,脑(nao)子灵活,悟性很高(gao),工于心(xin)(xin)计。还要(yao)(yao)受过(guo)良好的(de)(de)(de)教育,有厂泛的(de)(de)(de)阅历,天(tian)文(wen)地(di)理、世事人情(qing)无所不(bu)晓,博(bo)古通今(jin)。然后要(yao)(yao)有心(xin)(xin)得(de)理素(su)质上的(de)(de)(de)优势,知己(ji)知彼,胸有成竹(zhu),随机(ji)(ji)应(ying)变,在(zai)任何情(qing)况下都面不(bu)改色心(xin)(xin)不(bu)跳(tiao),善(shan)于控制喜怒哀(ai)乐,让它(ta)们(men)在(zai)适当的(de)(de)(de)时机(ji)(ji)恰到好处地(di)表(biao)现(xian)出来,并(bing)且善(shan)于抓(zhua)住对手的(de)(de)(de)弱点发起猛攻(gong),夺取心(xin)(xin)理上的(de)(de)(de)制高(gao)点。此(ci)外,还要(yao)(yao)借助(zhu)权势,以某(mou) 君主、某(mou)实力(li)派人物、某(mou)名人为(wei)*山,以此(ci)增加话语(yu)的(de)(de)(de)含金量和穿(chuan)透力(li),尤其是话语(yu)的(de)(de)(de)权威性,居高(gao)临下地(di)、游刃有余地(di)进(jin)行表(biao)演。
所(suo)以(yi),冰(bing)冻三尺,非(fei)一日(ri)之(zhi)寒;养(yang)(yang)兵千日(ri),用(yong)兵一时(shi)(shi)(shi)。古人早把这(zhei)一套捉摸透了。聪明的君主深懂决战(zhan)不(bu)(bu)止在(zai)战(zhan)场(chang),平时(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)酒肉钱(qian)物蓄(xu)养(yang)(yang)各色人才(cai),像孟(meng)尝(chang)君那样(yang)养(yang)(yang)上一群鸡鸣(ming)狗盗之(zhi)徒,到(dao)关键时(shi)(shi)(shi)刻就(jiu)(jiu)派上了用(yong)场(chang)。如(ru)今的一些(xie)大(da)款(kuan)们,也可(ke)以(yi)学学古人的这(zhei)种远见卓识,有(you)余钱(qian)时(shi)(shi)(shi),收(shou)养(yang)(yang)一些(xie)特殊人才(cai),到(dao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)会受益无(wu)穷。不(bu)(bu)要目光短浅,不(bu)(bu)要吝(lin)惜(xi)钱(qian)财,不(bu)(bu)要只盯(ding)住(zhu)眼前一点一滴(di)的得失(shi)。胸有(you)鸿(hong)鸿(hong)鹄之(zhi)志者(zhe),大(da)可(ke)以(yi)从古人那里学到(dao)不(bu)(bu)少(shao)法(fa)宝从 而(er)使(shi)自(zi)己鹤立鸡群,出(chu)类(lei)拔萃。
不(bu)过,现在(zai)似乎(hu)是一个不(bu)大适合培养说客,或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)叫优秀(xiu)演(yan)说 、辩(bian)才的时代(dai)。人们(men)都(dou)很忙(mang)(mang),或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)忙(mang)(mang)于(yu)发财,忙(mang)(mang)于(yu)出名,忙(mang)(mang)于(yu)做(zuo)官,忙(mang)(mang)于(yu)出国,或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)忙(mang)(mang)于(yu)生(sheng)计,几乎(hu)很少有(you)闲(xian)暇(xia)来培养这种特殊的艺术才能(neng)。再说,现在(zai)的人更讲实际,更讲直来直去赤裸(luo)裸(luo)地交(jiao)往,都(dou)讨厌(yan)能(neng)说会道的花言巧(qiao)语(yu),把这种专利拱手送给了(le)街(jie)头(tou)(tou)骗子和“厚黑(hei)(hei)学(xue)”家(jia)们(men),让他们(men)在(zai)现代(dai)化的繁忙(mang)(mang)之中转空(kong)子大 发横财,而上当受(shou)骗的人或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)会厚黑(hei)(hei),或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)在(zai)乎(hu),或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)怕麻烦,几乎(hu)不(bu)会同街(jie)头(tou)(tou)骗子和厚黑(hei)(hei)专家(jia)计较。
比较一(yi)(yi)下可(ke)以(yi)发(fa)现(xian),春秋战国时代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)说客们(men)水平固然(ran)很高(gao),但他们(men)并非完全(quan)没有良(liang)心,也并非完全(quan)不讲(jiang)道义。首无(wu),他们(men)绝(jue)对(dui)(dui)忠于自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主子(zi)。既然(ran)主子(zi)出血养了他们(men),主子(zi)就成了“有奶(nai)便是(shi)(shi)娘” 亲娘,即使肝脑涂地,也不会背叛主子(zi)。其(qi)次,,他们(men)有大公(gong)无(wu)私的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奉(feng)献(xian)精神。他们(men)把自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)才华、天(tian)赋、技艺、精力(li),有时甚至是(shi)(shi)生命(ming),都用在(zai)维护他们(men)所属的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国家利益之(zhi)上(shang)。 绝(jue)对(dui)(dui)不会用来(lai)谋(mou)取一(yi)(yi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)私利。这就体现(xian)了很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觉(jue)悟和教养,坑蒙拐(guai)骗使用来(lai)对(dui)(dui)付敌(di)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),而不是(shi)(shi)用来(lai)对(dui)(dui)付自(zi)己(ji)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。对(dui)(dui)自(zi)己(ji)人(ren)要讲(jiang)仁、义、礼、智(zhi)信;对(dui)(dui)敌(di)人(ren)则在(zai)彬彬有礼、温文尔雅(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氛围中展现(xian)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)才华和天(tian)赋。
两相对比,说客与骗子(zi)、厚黑家的本质区(qu)别,便以一目了(le)然了(le)