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老(lao)子曰:「至治之(zhi)极,邻国相(xiang)望,鸡狗之(zhi)声(sheng)相(xiang)闻,民各甘其(qi)(qi)食(shi),美其(qi)(qi)服,安其(qi)(qi)俗,乐其(qi)(qi)业,至老(lao)死不相(xiang)往(wang)来。」必用此为务,挽近世,涂民耳目,则几(ji)无行矣。 太史公曰:夫(fu)神农以前,吾不知(zhi)已。至若诗书所述,虞夏以来,耳目欲极(ji)声色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好,口欲穷(qiong)刍豢(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味,身安(an)逸乐(le),而心夸矜势能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荣,使(shi)俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐民久矣(yi)。虽(sui)户说以眇论,终不能化。故善者因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)次利道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)次教诲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)次整齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),最下(xia)者与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)争。 夫山(shan)(shan)西饶(rao)材、竹、谷、纑、旄、玉石(shi)(shi);山(shan)(shan)东多鱼(yu)、盐、漆、丝、声色;江南出(chu)(chu)楠(nan)、梓、姜、桂、金(jin)、锡、连、丹(dan)沙、犀、玳(dai)瑁、珠玑、齿、革;龙门碣石(shi)(shi)北多马、牛(niu)、羊、旃、裘(qiu)、筋、角,铜铁则千里往(wang)往(wang)山(shan)(shan)出(chu)(chu)棋置:此(ci)其大较(jiao)也,皆中国人(ren)民所喜好,谣俗被服饮食(shi)奉生(sheng)送(song)死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具也。故待农(nong)而(er)食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),虞而(er)出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),工而(er)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),商而(er)通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)宁(ning)有政教发(fa)徵期会(hui)哉?人(ren)各(ge)任其能,竭其力,以(yi)得所欲。故物贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徵贵,贵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徵贱,各(ge)劝其业,乐其事,若(ruo)水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)趋下(xia),日夜无休时,不(bu)召(zhao)而(er)自来,不(bu)求而(er)民出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),岂(qi)非道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所符而(er)自然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验邪(xie)? 周书(shu)曰:「农不(bu)出(chu)则(ze)乏(fa)其食,工不(bu)出(chu)则(ze)乏(fa)其事(shi),商不(bu)出(chu)则(ze)三(san)宝绝,虞不(bu)出(chu)则(ze)财匮少(shao),财匮少(shao)而(er)山泽不(bu)辟矣。」此四者(zhe),民(min)(min)所衣食之(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)也。原(yuan)大则(ze)饶,原(yuan)小则(ze)鲜,上则(ze)富(fu)国,下(xia)则(ze)富(fu)家:贫(pin)富(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),莫之(zhi)(zhi)夺予,而(er)巧(qiao)者(zhe)有余,拙(zhuo)者(zhe)不(bu)足。故太公望封(feng)于(yu)(yu)营丘(qiu),地(di)泻卤,人民(min)(min)寡(gua)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)太公劝其女功,极技(ji)巧(qiao),通鱼盐(yan),则(ze)人物(wu)归之(zhi)(zhi),繈纑至而(er)辐奏。故齐冠带衣履天下(xia),海岱之(zhi)(zhi)间,敛(lian)袂(mei)而(er)往朝焉。 其(qi)后,齐(qi)中衰,管子修之,设轻重九(jiu)府,则桓公以霸(ba)。九(jiu)合诸侯,一匡天下;而管氏亦(yi)有三归,位在陪臣,富于(yu)列国之君。是以齐(qi)富强(qiang)至于(yu)威宣也。故曰:「仓廪实而知礼节。衣食足(zu)而知荣辱(ru)。」 礼(li)生于(yu)有,而(er)废于(yu)无(wu)。故(gu)君(jun)子(zi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),好行(xing)其(qi)德;小人富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),以适(shi)其(qi)力。渊深而(er)鱼生之(zhi),山深而(er)兽往之(zhi),人富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)仁义附焉。富(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)得势益彰,失势则客无(wu)所之(zhi),以而(er)不(bu)乐,夷(yi)狄益甚(shen)。谚曰:「千(qian)金之(zhi)子(zi),不(bu)死于(yu)市。」非空言也。故(gu)曰:「天(tian)(tian)下熙熙,皆为(wei)利来(lai);天(tian)(tian)下壤(rang)壤(rang),皆为(wei)利往。」夫千(qian)乘之(zhi)王,万家之(zhi)侯,百室之(zhi)君(jun),尚犹患贫,而(er)况匹夫编户之(zhi)民乎? 请你点此纠错或发表评论 文章录入:09ping 责任编辑:Gaoge
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