管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)夷(yi)吾者,颍上人也(ye)。少时,常与鲍(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙游(you),鲍(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)知其贤(xian)。管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)贫困,常欺鲍(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu);鲍(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)终善遇之(zhi),不(bu)以(yi)(yi)为言(yan)。已而鲍(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)事(shi)齐公子(zi)小白,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)事(shi)公子(zi)纠。及小白立为桓(huan)公,公子(zi)纠死(si),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)囚焉。鲍(bao)(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)遂进管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)。管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)既用(yong),任政于齐,齐桓(huan)公以(yi)(yi)霸,九(jiu)合诸侯,一(yi)匡天下,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)之(zhi)谋也(ye)。
管仲(zhong)曰:「吾(wu)(wu)始困(kun)时,尝(chang)与(yu)鲍(bao)(bao)叔贾,分财(cai)利,多自与(yu);鲍(bao)(bao)叔不(bu)(bu)以(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)为(wei)贪(tan),知(zhi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)贫也(ye)(ye)(ye);吾(wu)(wu)尝(chang)为(wei)鲍(bao)(bao)叔谋事,而更(geng)穷困(kun),鲍(bao)(bao)叔不(bu)(bu)以(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)为(wei)愚(yu),知(zhi)时有利不(bu)(bu)利也(ye)(ye)(ye);吾(wu)(wu)尝(chang)三仕(shi)三见逐于君,鲍(bao)(bao)叔不(bu)(bu)以(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)肖,知(zhi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)(bu)遭时也(ye)(ye)(ye);吾(wu)(wu)尝(chang)三战三走,鲍(bao)(bao)叔不(bu)(bu)以(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)为(wei)怯,知(zhi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)有老母也(ye)(ye)(ye);公子纠(jiu)败,召忽死之,吾(wu)(wu)幽(you)囚受辱,鲍(bao)(bao)叔不(bu)(bu)以(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)为(wei)无(wu)耻,知(zhi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)不(bu)(bu)羞(xiu)小节(jie),而耻功名不(bu)(bu)显于天下也(ye)(ye)(ye);生我(wo)(wo)(wo)者父母,知(zhi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)者鲍(bao)(bao)子也(ye)(ye)(ye)!」
鲍叔既进管仲,以身下(xia)之(zhi)。子(zi)孙世(shi)禄于齐,有(you)封邑者十(shi)余(yu)世(shi),常为名大夫。天下(xia)不多(duo)管仲之(zhi)贤,而多(duo)鲍叔能(neng)知人(ren)也(ye)。
管仲(zhong)既任政相齐,以区(qu)区(qu)之(zhi)齐,在海滨,通货积财,富国强兵,与俗同好恶,故其(qi)称曰(yue)(yue):「仓(cang)廪实而(er)(er)(er)(er)知礼(li)节,衣食足而(er)(er)(er)(er)知荣(rong)辱。上服度,则六亲固。四(si)维不张,国乃灭(mie)亡。下令(ling)(ling)如流水之(zhi)原(yuan),令(ling)(ling)顺民心。」故论卑而(er)(er)(er)(er)易行。俗之(zhi)所欲(yu),因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)予(yu)之(zhi);俗之(zhi)所否,因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)去之(zhi)。其(qi)为(wei)政也,善(shan)因(yin)祸而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)福,转败(bai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)功。贵(gui)轻重(zhong),慎权衡(heng)。桓公实怒(nu)少(shao)姬,南袭蔡;管仲(zhong)因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)伐楚(chu),责(ze)包茅(mao)不入(ru)贡于周室。桓公实北(bei)征山戎(rong);而(er)(er)(er)(er)管仲(zhong)因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)令(ling)(ling)燕修(xiu)召公之(zhi)政。于柯之(zhi)会,桓公欲(yu)背曹沫之(zhi)约(yue),管仲(zhong)因(yin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)信之(zhi),诸侯由是归齐。故曰(yue)(yue):「知与之(zhi)为(wei)取,政之(zhi)宝(bao)也。」
管仲富拟于(yu)公室,有(you)三归反坫,齐人不以为侈(chi)。管仲卒,齐国遵其(qi)政,常强(qiang)于(yu)诸侯。后百余年而(er)有(you)晏子焉(yan)。
晏(yan)平(ping)仲婴者,莱之(zhi)夷(yi)维(wei)人也。事齐灵(ling)公(gong)、庄公(gong)、景(jing)公(gong),以(yi)节俭力行(xing)重于齐。既相齐,食不重肉,妾不衣帛。其在朝,君语(yu)(yu)及之(zhi),即危言;语(yu)(yu)不及之(zhi),即危行(xing)。国有道(dao),即顺命;无道(dao),即衡命。以(yi)此(ci)三世显名于诸侯。
越石父贤,在缧(lei)绁中,晏子(zi)出,遭之(zhi)涂,解左骖(can)赎之(zhi),载(zai)归。弗谢,入闺,久之(zhi),越石父请绝,晏子(zi)懼然,摄衣冠谢曰:「婴虽(sui)不(bu)仁(ren),免子(zi)于(yu)(yu)厄,何子(zi)求绝之(zhi)速也(ye)?」石父曰:「不(bu)然,吾闻君(jun)子(zi)诎于(yu)(yu)不(bu)知(zhi)己,而信于(yu)(yu)知(zhi)己者(zhe)。方吾在缧(lei)绁中,彼不(bu)知(zhi)我(wo)(wo)也(ye),夫(fu)子(zi)既已感寤(wu)而赎我(wo)(wo),是知(zhi)己;知(zhi)己而无礼,固不(bu)如在缧(lei)绁之(zhi)中。」晏子(zi)于(yu)(yu)是延入为(wei)上客。
晏(yan)(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)齐相,出,其(qi)御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi),从门间(jian)而(er)窥(kui)其(qi)夫(fu);其(qi)夫(fu)为(wei)(wei)相御(yu),拥大盖,策驷马,意(yi)气扬扬,甚自得也。既而(er)归,其(qi)妻(qi)请去,夫(fu)问其(qi)故。妻(qi)曰:「晏(yan)(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)长不满六尺(chi),身相齐国,名显诸侯。今者妾观其(qi)出,志念深矣,常有(you)以(yi)自下者。今子(zi)(zi)(zi)长八尺(chi),乃为(wei)(wei)人仆(pu)御(yu)。然子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),自以(yi)为(wei)(wei)足(zu),妾是(shi)以(yi)求去也。」其(qi)后(hou),夫(fu)自抑(yi)损,晏(yan)(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)怪(guai)而(er)问之(zhi)(zhi),御(yu)以(yi)实对。晏(yan)(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)荐以(yi)为(wei)(wei)大夫(fu)。
太史公(gong)曰(yue):「吾读管(guan)(guan)氏牧民、山高(gao)、乘马、轻重(zhong)、九府,及晏(yan)子(zi)(zi)春秋,详(xiang)哉(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。既见其(qi)(qi)(qi)著书,欲观其(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)事(shi),故次其(qi)(qi)(qi)传。至其(qi)(qi)(qi)书,世多(duo)有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是以不论,论其(qi)(qi)(qi)轶(yi)事(shi)。管(guan)(guan)仲世所(suo)谓贤(xian)臣(chen),然孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。岂(qi)以为(wei)(wei)周(zhou)道衰微,桓公(gong)既贤(xian),而(er)不勉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至王,乃称(cheng)霸哉(zai)?语曰(yue):『将(jiang)顺其(qi)(qi)(qi)美(mei),匡救其(qi)(qi)(qi)恶,故上下能相亲也。』岂(qi)管(guan)(guan)仲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓乎?方晏(yan)子(zi)(zi)伏庄(zhuang)公(gong)尸哭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),成礼然后(hou)去,岂(qi)所(suo)谓『见义不为(wei)(wei)无勇』者(zhe)邪(xie)?至其(qi)(qi)(qi)谏(jian)说,犯君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颜(yan),此(ci)所(suo)谓『进思尽(jin)忠,退思补过』者(zhe)哉(zai)!假令晏(yan)子(zi)(zi)而(er)在,余虽为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)执鞭,所(suo)忻(xin)慕焉。」