【原文】
晋侯合(he)诸侯于(yu)扈,平宋(song)也。
于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)晋(jin)侯(hou)不见郑伯,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为贰于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu)也。郑子家使执(zhi)(zhi)讯(xun)而与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告赵宣(xuan)子曰(yue):“寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)即(ji)位三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),召(zhao)蔡侯(hou)而与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。九月(yue),蔡侯(hou)入于(yu)(yu)(yu)敝(bi)(bi)(bi)邑(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行,敝(bi)(bi)(bi)邑(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)宣(xuan)多之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难,寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不得与(yu)蔡侯(hou)偕,十一月(yue),克减侯(hou)宣(xuan)多而随(sui)蔡侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朝(chao)(chao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)执(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)六月(yue),归生(sheng)佐寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫡夷,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)请陈(chen)侯(hou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu)而朝(chao)(chao)诸君(jun)(jun)(jun)。十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)七月(yue)寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)又朝(chao)(chao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蒇陈(chen)事(shi)(shi)。十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五月(yue),陈(chen)侯(hou)自敝(bi)(bi)(bi)邑(yi)(yi)往(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。往(wang)(wang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue),烛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武往(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)夷也。八月(yue),寡(gua)君(jun)(jun)(jun)又往(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陈(chen)蔡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)迩于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu),而不敢(gan)贰焉(yan),则(ze)敝(bi)(bi)(bi)邑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故也。虽敝(bi)(bi)(bi)邑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun),何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不免?在位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,一朝(chao)(chao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)襄,而再见于(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun),夷与(yu)孤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二三(san)臣,相及于(yu)(yu)(yu)绛。虽我(wo)小国(guo)(guo)(guo),则(ze)蔑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)过之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。今(jin)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)曰(yue):‘尔未(wei)逞吾志。’敝(bi)(bi)(bi)邑(yi)(yi)有亡,无以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)加焉(yan)。古人(ren)有言曰(yue):‘畏(wei)首畏(wei)尾,身其余几?’又曰(yue):‘鹿死不择音。’小国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也,德(de),则(ze)其人(ren)也;不德(de),则(ze)其鹿也。铤而走险,急何能(neng)择?命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罔极,亦(yi)知亡矣。将悉敝(bi)(bi)(bi)赋(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待于(yu)(yu)(yu)鯈(chou),唯执(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。文公(gong)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),朝(chao)(chao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)齐;四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),为齐侵蔡,亦(yi)获成于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu)。居大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间而从于(yu)(yu)(yu)强令,岂有罪也?大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)若弗图(tu),无所逃命(ming)。”
晋巩朔行(xing)成于郑,赵穿、公(gong)婿池为质焉。
晋(jin)灵公在扈会合(he)各国,为的(de)是平
定宋国的内乱。
晋(jin)(jin)(jin)侯(hou)(hou)不召见(jian)(jian)(jian)郑(zheng)(zheng)伯,以(yi)为(wei)(wei)他(ta)有(you)(you)贰心(xin),暗地(di)里依附了(le)(le)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫子家派通讯官(guan)送(song)给书信(xin),用来(lai)告诉晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)赵宣(xuan)(xuan)子说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)即位三(san)年(nian),召集(ji)蔡(cai)(cai)侯(hou)(hou)和(he)(he)他(ta)一(yi)(yi)起侍奉你们(men)襄公(gong)。九(jiu)月,蔡(cai)(cai)侯(hou)(hou)来(lai)到我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)准备出行到晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)因为(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)宣(xuan)(xuan)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)祸乱(luan),国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)因此不能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)蔡(cai)(cai)侯(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)起朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)你们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。十一(yi)(yi)月,侯(hou)(hou)宣(xuan)(xuan)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)乱(luan)事稍稍平定之(zhi)后(hou),就和(he)(he)蔡(cai)(cai)侯(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)起在(zai)(zai)(zai)百官(guan)面(mian)前(qian)来(lai)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)你们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。十二年(nian)六月,归(gui)生又辅(fu)佐我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)太子夷,为(wei)(wei)陈侯(hou)(hou)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事向楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)请命。十四年(nian)七月,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)又前(qian)往(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian),来(lai)完成(cheng)陈侯(hou)(hou)朝(chao)(chao)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事。十五年(nian)五月,陈侯(hou)(hou)才得(de)以(yi)从(cong)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)往(wang)(wang)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)。去年(nian)正(zheng)月,烛之(zhi)武辅(fu)佐太子夷前(qian)往(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)。八月,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)又前(qian)往(wang)(wang)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)。以(yi)陈、蔡(cai)(cai)两(liang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)跟(gen)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贴(tie)近,却不敢对(dui)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)贰心(xin),这都是有(you)(you)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因啊(a)。虽然我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)再(zai)为(wei)(wei)贵国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)效劳(lao)(lao),为(wei)(wei)什么还被认为(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)罪呢?我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)候,一(yi)(yi)次(ci)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)襄公(gong),两(liang)次(ci)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)现在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)君(jun)(jun)(jun),太子夷和(he)(he)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)两(liang)三(san)位大(da)(da)(da)(da)臣(chen),相继(ji)来(lai)到绛(jiang)都朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)。虽然我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)是小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),事大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)礼(li)没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)超过我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)啊(a)。现在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)却说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘你没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)达成(cheng)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望。’要(yao)是这样(yang),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)只(zhi)有(you)(you)灭亡,因为(wei)(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)办法再(zai)增加我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)事晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)礼(li)数了(le)(le)。古(gu)人有(you)(you)话说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘顾头顾尾,身体还剩下什么地(di)方不顾呢?’还说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘鹿(lu)要(yao)死(si)了(le)(le)是不会挑选荫凉的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)。’小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)效劳(lao)(lao),大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)恩(en)惠(hui),那小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)还是懂得(de)报答(da)恩(en)惠(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人;大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)恩(en)惠(hui),那么小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)只(zhi)好(hao)是被逼(bi)冒险的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹿(lu)了(le)(le)。走(zou)得(de)太快(kuai),就必然要(yao)走(zou)那些危险的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方,被逼(bi)急了(le)(le)哪里还能(neng)(neng)选择呢?你们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命令(ling)无法理解极端艰难(nan),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)也知道(dao)自己终究要(yao)灭亡了(le)(le)。只(zhi)好(hao)集(ji)中全(quan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兵力在(zai)(zai)(zai)鯈等待,就只(zhi)听您(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命令(ling)了(le)(le)!郑(zheng)(zheng)文公(gong)二年(nian),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)朝(chao)(chao)见(jian)(jian)(jian)齐桓(huan)公(gong);四年(nian),替(ti)齐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)侵占了(le)(le)蔡(cai)(cai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),蔡(cai)(cai)是楚(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)属国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),可是我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)还和(he)(he)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)立了(le)(le)同盟。小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夹(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)间,听从(cong)强国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命令(ling),难(nan)道(dao)有(you)(you)罪吗?大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)如果不替(ti)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)着(zhe)想,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)就没(mei)(mei)法逃避你们(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命令(ling)了(le)(le)。”
晋国的大夫巩(gong)朔(shuo)和郑(zheng)国签订盟约,把赵穿(chuan)和晋灵(ling)公的女婿池(chi)做人(ren)质留在郑(zheng)国。
注释
(1)晋(jin)(jin)侯:指晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)晋(jin)(jin)灵公(gong)(gong)。 扈:郑国(guo)(guo)城邑,故地在今河(he)南原阳县。(2)郑伯:指郑国(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)郑穆公(gong)(gong)。
子(zi)家:郑国公子(zi),大夫(fu)。 执讯:掌管通讯联络的(de)官。 (3)赵宣子(zi):晋(jin)国卿大夫(fu)赵盾。 (4)蔡侯:指(zhi)蔡
庄公。 (5)侯(hou)宣多(duo):郑国大夫,因立郑穆公有功,所以侍宠(chong)专权作(zuo)乱。 (6)归生:即子家,归生是其名
子是字。 夷:郑(zheng)国(guo)太子。 (7)陈(chen)侯:陈(chen)国(guo)君(jun)主共(gong)公(gong)(gong),名朔(shuo)。 (8)蒇:完成。 (9)陈(chen)侯:陈(chen)灵(ling)公(gong)(gong),名 平(ping)公(gong)(gong),即陈(chen)共(gong)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)位。 (10)孤:指(zhi)郑(zheng)国(guo)国(guo)君(jun)。 (11)绛:晋(jin)国(guo)都城,在今山(shan)西新绛县。 (12)蔑:无(wu)
(13)音:同“荫”。 (14)赋(fu):指(zhi)兵(bing),古代按田赋(fu)出兵(bing),所以(yi)称赋(fu)。 (15)鯈(chou):晋,郑交界的(de)地方。
(16)成(cheng):讲和修好。 (17)巩(gong)朔:晋(jin)大(da)夫(fu)。 (18)赵穿:晋(jin)国执政大(da)夫(fu)。 池:晋(jin)灵公的女(nv)婿。
译文
晋灵公在黄父举行大型军(jun)事训练,于是借机又(you)召集各(ge)国诸侯在郑国的(de)扈地会(hui)合(he)(he),目的(de)是要(yao)与宋国谈(tan)和。鲁文公没有(you)来(lai)参(can)加,因为有(you)齐国侵伐鲁国的(de)患难。《春秋(qiu)》写(xie)道(dao)“诸侯会(hui)于扈”,意(yi)思是说(shuo)这次会(hui)合(he)(he)没有(you)效(xiao)果。
当时晋(jin)灵公(gong)(gong)拒(ju)绝与(yu)(yu)(yu)郑穆公(gong)(gong)见(jian)面,认为(wei)郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)既服(fu)(fu)从(cong)晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)又(you)投(tou)靠楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大夫子家就派一(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)送(song)信(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)官员到晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)送(song)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)封信(xin)(xin),信(xin)(xin)写给赵(zhao)盾,信(xin)(xin)中说:“我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)即位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)第三年(nian)(nian),就邀请蔡庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起服(fu)(fu)从(cong)你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。这(zhei)(zhei)年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月(yue),蔡庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)来到我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)准(zhun)备同我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起去(qu)(qu)晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),但因为(wei)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)发生了(le)侯宣(xuan)多恃宠(chong)专权的(de)(de)(de)患难(nan),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)因此(ci)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能与(yu)(yu)(yu)蔡庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起去(qu)(qu)。这(zhei)(zhei)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue),战(zhan)胜灭绝了(le)侯宣(xuan)多,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)就与(yu)(yu)(yu)蔡庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)相(xiang)随朝(chao)(chao)(chao)见(jian)服(fu)(fu)事(shi)于你这(zhei)(zhei)位(wei)(wei)(wei)执政。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)即位(wei)(wei)(wei)后第十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)六月(yue),归(gui)生辅佐我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)子夷(yi),为(wei)了(le)向楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)请求他们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)与(yu)(yu)(yu)陈灵公(gong)(gong)讲和,特地去(qu)(qu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)见(jian)了(le)你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)七月(yue),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)又(you)以(yi)完成(cheng)了(le)陈国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情朝(chao)(chao)(chao)见(jian)你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)五月(yue),陈灵公(gong)(gong)从(cong)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)见(jian)你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。去(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)正月(yue),烛之武去(qu)(qu),陪同太(tai)子夷(yi)去(qu)(qu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)见(jian)你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。八(ba)月(yue),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)又(you)去(qu)(qu)。作为(wei)陈、蔡,与(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)如(ru)此(ci)亲密相(xiang)近,却不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢投(tou)靠楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),那是有(you)(you)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)缘(yuan)故。虽(sui)然(ran)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)如(ru)此(ci)对待(dai)(dai)贵国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),却为(wei)何不(bu)(bu)(bu)免得(de)到你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)责罚呢?你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)当中,我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)见(jian)过(guo)晋(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,而(er)(er)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)见(jian)过(guo)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)两(liang)次。太(tai)子夷(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些臣僚一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)接一(yi)(yi)(yi)个(ge)地去(qu)(qu)到绛都(dou)。虽(sui)则我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),这(zhei)(zhei)样做(zuo)也(ye)没有(you)(you)哪个(ge)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家能超过(guo)了(le)吧。现在(zai)你作为(wei)大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)说:‘你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)还做(zuo)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)快我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)心意。’我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(要(yao)(yao)像(xiang)这(zhei)(zhei)么被(bei)要(yao)(yao)求)就只(zhi)有(you)(you)灭亡,再不(bu)(bu)(bu)能增(zeng)加(jia)什(shen)么了(le)。古人有(you)(you)言说:‘头也(ye)害(hai)(hai)怕尾也(ye)害(hai)(hai)怕,留下身子还能剩余多少不(bu)(bu)(bu)害(hai)(hai)怕呢?’又(you)说:‘鹿要(yao)(yao)死也(ye)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)自己的(de)(de)(de)声(sheng)音(yin)了(le)。’小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)服(fu)(fu)侍大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)仁德对待(dai)(dai)它(ta),它(ta)就是人;不(bu)(bu)(bu)用仁德对待(dai)(dai)它(ta),它(ta)就是一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)鹿,着急了(le)就会疾速走入险境,着急了(le)还能选择吗?大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)无准(zhun)则地下命令(ling),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)也(ye)知道要(yao)(yao)灭亡了(le),只(zhi)能把我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)军资(zi)集(ji)中起来在(zai)鯈地等待(dai)(dai)了(le),任凭(ping)你执政命令(ling)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)吧。我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)文公(gong)(gong)即位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)第二年(nian)(nian)六月(yue)壬申,到齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)见(jian)。四年(nian)(nian)二月(yue)壬戌(xu),因为(wei)齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)侵(qin)伐蔡国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)也(ye)只(zhi)得(de)与(yu)(yu)(yu)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)谈和。处在(zai)大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之间,都(dou)要(yao)(yao)求我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)服(fu)(fu)从(cong)强者的(de)(de)(de)命令(ling),难(nan)道成(cheng)了(le)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)罪过(guo)?你们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)如(ru)果不(bu)(bu)(bu)考虑这(zhei)(zhei)些,那我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)就无处逃避性命了(le)。”
(赵(zhao)盾看(kan)到(dao)信后)派巩朔到(dao)郑(zheng)国和谈,赵(zhao)穿、公(gong)婿池也到(dao)郑(zheng)国作了人质。
背景
这是郑(zheng)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)外交(jiao)斗争的(de)(de)一(yi)个回(hui)合。郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)处于晋(jin)(jin)(jin)楚两强之间,对于近邻的(de)(de)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)要(yao)侍奉,可(ke)对于远(yuan)一(yi)些(xie)的(de)(de)楚国(guo)(guo)也要(yao)朝拜(bai),这还未计尚(shang)须在(zai)齐秦(qin)的(de)(de)周旋,察言(yan)观色仰人鼻息,夹缝中(zhong)的(de)(de)苟活苦不(bu)堪言(yan)。但是晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)对此还很不(bu)满意(yi)。于是,郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)执(zhi)(zhi)政大(da)(da)臣(chen)子(zi)家(jia)给晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)执(zhi)(zhi)政大(da)(da)臣(chen)赵(zhao)宣子(zi)写了这封信(xin)。这是一(yi)份照会,也可(ke)以说相当(dang)于一(yi)份最后通牒(die)。在(zai)信(xin)中(zhong)子(zi)家(jia)历数了郑(zheng)君对晋(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)朝见,暗示其(qi)所表现出的(de)(de)恭顺已(yi)无以复(fu)加,如(ru)果(guo)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)再如(ru)此逼迫,不(bu)对现行政策改(gai)弦更张(zhang),那郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)只(zhi)能(neng)是铤而走(zou)险,彻底投靠(kao)楚国(guo)(guo),和晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)决(jue)一(yi)死战。文中(zhong)只(zhi)有(you)三位人物:晋(jin)(jin)(jin)侯(hou)、晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)臣(chen)赵(zhao)宣子(zi)和郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)执(zhi)(zhi)政子(zi)家(jia)。
郑国(guo)子(zi)家的(de)(de)照会,不是致意(yi)晋侯,而是“告赵(zhao)宣(xuan)子(zi)”,这因(yin)为赵(zhao)宣(xuan)子(zi)才实权在握(wo),而他与晋侯,也(ye)有着十几年(nian)的(de)(de)、非同寻常的(de)(de)生(sheng)死(si)渊缘。
这(zhei)个晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)侯,是(shi)(shi)(shi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)皋(gao),即(ji)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)流亡(wang)在外十九年(nian),秦(qin)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)送其(qi)渡河(he)回晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)已经有六十二岁(sui)了(le)(le),他(ta)在位(wei)(wei)(wei)只有九年(nian),就(jiu)(jiu)病死传位(wei)(wei)(wei)给太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)姬(ji)欢(huan)(huan),也即(ji)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)。姬(ji)欢(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逃(tao)亡(wang)前在蒲(pu)城的(de)(de)儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)进攻(gong)蒲(pu)城时(shi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逃(tao)亡(wang),夷(yi)皋(gao)幸免于难,躲入民间。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)后他(ta)被文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)赢(ying)(ying)(ying)认为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)己(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),估计其(qi)继(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)时(shi)候已经有四十多(duo)岁(sui)。有些(xie)学者(zhe)认为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),姬(ji)欢(huan)(huan)系文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)赢(ying)(ying)(ying)所生(sheng),很有些(xie)牵强,因为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重耳从楚(chu)到秦(qin)才(cai)娶(qu)得(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)赢(ying)(ying)(ying),且是(shi)(shi)(shi)当(dang)年(nian)就(jiu)(jiu)渡河(he)复(fu)国(guo),如姬(ji)欢(huan)(huan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)赢(ying)(ying)(ying)之子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),则继(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)时(shi)节不足十岁(sui),哪里像秦(qin)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)崤之战时(shi)刚(gang)刚(gang)继(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)!何况晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)在位(wei)(wei)(wei)仅仅七年(nian),却做(zuo)成(cheng)了(le)(le)不少(shao)(shao)大事,这(zhei)绝非十三四岁(sui)的(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)年(nian)所能(neng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi),也正是(shi)(shi)(shi)因为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他(ta)避难民间,直至文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)复(fu)国(guo)才(cai)来投奔,所以娶(qu)妻生(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)较晚(wan),他(ta)死的(de)(de)时(shi)候太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夷(yi)皋(gao)还在襁(qiang)褓。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)他(ta)继(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)人选(xuan),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)的(de)(de)大臣(chen)(chen)们很是(shi)(shi)(shi)争论了(le)(le)一番,他(ta)们觉(jue)得(de)立夷(yi)皋(gao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君,政(zheng)(zheng)局是(shi)(shi)(shi)不容(rong)易安定(ding)的(de)(de),还不如立一位(wei)(wei)(wei)年(nian)长的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。当(dang)时(shi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)从亡(wang)臣(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),如赵(zhao)衰(shuai)、咎犯俱已亡(wang)故,执(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)大臣(chen)(chen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)赵(zhao)盾,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)本文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)所说(shuo)的(de)(de)赵(zhao)宣子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),他(ta)是(shi)(shi)(shi)赵(zhao)衰(shuai)和叔隗之子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),准备到秦(qin)国(guo)迎接(jie)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)弟弟公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)雍,而(er)贾季(ji)主张到陈国(guo)迎接(jie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乐。赵(zhao)盾为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此罢免了(le)(le)贾季(ji)官职(zhi),贾季(ji)逃(tao)亡(wang)翟国(guo),赵(zhao)盾派大将先蔑、重臣(chen)(chen)随会去秦(qin)国(guo)。
此(ci)(ci)时(shi)秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)亦故,秦(qin)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)继位(wei)(wei)。他(ta)认(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)必须以(yi)重兵送公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)雍为(wei)(wei)(wei)妥。因为(wei)(wei)(wei)上次(ci)(ci)秦(qin)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)送晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)复(fu)国(guo),还(hai)(hai)没(mei)(mei)有(you)安定晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)国(guo)内的局势,就匆匆退兵了,结果(guo)吕甥、郤芮随即阴谋叛乱,若(ruo)非勃鞮告密,还(hai)(hai)不(bu)知鹿死谁手。所以(yi)这(zhei)次(ci)(ci)大(da)军准备得(de)很充(chong)分,随先蔑、随会缓缓而行(xing)。可是在(zai)晋(jin)(jin)国(guo),此(ci)(ci)时(shi)却出现了变故:夷皋(gao)的母亲(qin)听说后(hou),抱着太子(zi)(zi)(zi)上朝(chao),把夷皋(gao)放(fang)在(zai)赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)怀中:“先君在(zai)病重时(shi),就把他(ta)的儿(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)给你(ni)了,当时(shi)他(ta)嘱咐(fu)说,如果(guo)你(ni)能教诲他(ta)成(cheng)才,那是对(dui)晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)的恩赐,如他(ta)不(bu)能成(cheng)才,则就只能怨你(ni)失职。你(ni)为(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么(me)弃(qi)之(zhi)另立(li)(li)?”诸位(wei)(wei)大(da)臣(chen)(chen)哑口无(wu)言,只能是拥(yong)立(li)(li)夷皋(gao)继位(wei)(wei),这(zhei)就是晋(jin)(jin)灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)自统(tong)大(da)军,在(zai)令狐(hu)迎击秦(qin)军。秦(qin)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是好(hao)心好(hao)意,帮人落得(de)个(ge)冤家,先蔑随会也只好(hao)流(liu)亡(wang)秦(qin)国(guo)。赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)扶(fu)保(bao)着一(yi)个(ge)孩子(zi)(zi)(zi),晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)的内政外(wai)交(jiao)(jiao)是一(yi)手操持,所幸还(hai)(hai)有(you)昆弟赵(zhao)(zhao)穿(chuan)鼎力相助,十几年(nian)总算磕(ke)磕(ke)绊(ban)(ban)绊(ban)(ban)地走了过来(lai)。但是赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)未(wei)得(de)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精神的精髓,周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)旦辅佐周(zhou)成(cheng)王(wang)(wang),是时(shi)刻不(bu)忘(wang)对(dui)侄子(zi)(zi)(zi)的教育;赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)是位(wei)(wei)臣(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi),就不(bu)能太放(fang)肆,以(yi)避(bi)(bi)免流(liu)言蜚(fei)语(yu),日久天长就培养(yang)出一(yi)位(wei)(wei)奢(she)侈荒(huang)淫的君王(wang)(wang),《史(shi)记(ji)》载:“十四年(nian)(新(xin)君继位(wei)(wei)时(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)元年(nian))灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)壮,厚敛以(yi)雕墙,从台上弹人观其(qi)避(bi)(bi)丸也。”何等(deng)的残暴!用弓弩发弹子(zi)(zi)(zi)伤(shang)人,观看无(wu)辜者(zhe)逃(tao)跑躲避(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐;至(zhi)于杀(sha)(sha)人更是家常便饭,一(yi)次(ci)(ci)杀(sha)(sha)了厨工,还(hai)(hai)让他(ta)的老婆背尸体去丢弃(qi)。赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)多次(ci)(ci)劝谏(jian),惹得(de)晋(jin)(jin)灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)烦躁,曾几次(ci)(ci)派刺(ci)客(ke)去暗杀(sha)(sha)。赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)不(bu)得(de)已逃(tao)亡(wang),还(hai)(hai)没(mei)(mei)有(you)出境(jing),赵(zhao)(zhao)穿(chuan)就带兵袭(xi)杀(sha)(sha)了晋(jin)(jin)灵(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)迎赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)回朝(chao),晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)的民众对(dui)此(ci)(ci)都(dou)很拥(yong)戴。但是史(shi)官董狐(hu)仍然记(ji)录在(zai)案:“赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)弑其(qi)君”,赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)认(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)自己无(wu)罪(zui),董狐(hu)指出赵(zhao)(zhao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)执政,逃(tao)亡(wang)还(hai)(hai)没(mei)(mei)有(you)出境(jing),返回后(hou)又(you)不(bu)惩办赵(zhao)(zhao)穿(chuan),就应该(gai)负(fu)全责。后(hou)人评论认(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei),董狐(hu)记(ji)录实事求(qiu)是,不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)尊者(zhe)隐匿过失;赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)也是为(wei)(wei)(wei)了国(guo)家,确实是一(yi)位(wei)(wei)忠臣(chen)(chen),背着黑(hei)锅有(you)些可惜(xi)。事件(jian)后(hou)赵(zhao)(zhao)盾(dun)(dun)(dun)迎接(jie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)黑(hei)臀(tun)(晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi))立(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)晋(jin)(jin)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)当时的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君是(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong),即郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子(zi)子(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)也(ye)。郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有三位夫人,但是(shi)(shi)她们所生的(de)(de)儿(er)子(zi)都因罪死,文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)怒之(zhi)下,将姬(ji)妾庶出(chu)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)一(yi)律(lv)驱(qu)逐。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)逃(tao)奔晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo),侍奉晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)谨慎,所以很得喜爱。晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)兵围郑(zheng)时(见第(di)一(yi)卷(juan)《烛之(zhi)武退(tui)秦(qin)师》),秦(qin)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)自行退(tui)兵,晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)只能和郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)盟约(yue),条件即是(shi)(shi)立子(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)为(wei)(wei)太子(zi)。郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)群臣认为(wei)(wei),子(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)在诸(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)中最贤,立之(zhi)对国(guo)(guo)(guo)家有利,于是(shi)(shi)子(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)成了太子(zi)。两(liang)年后晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)和郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)相继(ji)而卒,子(zi)兰(lan)(lan)(lan)继(ji)位为(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)。子(zi)家是(shi)(shi)当时郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)执政大臣,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)姬(ji)姓的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi),名归生。
本文(wen)涉及的(de)史实发生在鲁文(wen)公十七年,即晋灵公继位的(de)第十年,应该说那时他还是个青(qing)少年,国(guo)家事务(wu)的(de)决断,仍须赵盾为之。子家致函赵盾,是相当适宜的(de),但(dan)是作(zuo)为正(zheng)式的(de)外交照(zhao)会,书面上仍然(ran)对着晋灵公。
晋灵公在(zai)詹(zhan)会合诸侯,商(shang)议平定宋国(guo)内乱的事务,此间(于:在(zai),是:这次(ci))他没有(you)会见郑(zheng)文公,认为(wei)郑(zheng)投靠楚国(guo),对(dui)晋国(guo)已有(you)贰心(xin)。
——应(ying)该说明(ming)的(de)是,詹就在郑(zheng)国(guo)的(de)地域,晋灵公(gong)在近边大会诸侯(hou)(hou),却不召见(jian)郑(zheng)文公(gong),已(yi)经明(ming)显地表露出极大的(de)不满。按照周朝在立国(guo)初(chu)对(dui)功(gong)臣、王(wang)室重要(yao)成员(yuan)和前代君王(wang)后人的(de)封爵(jue),晋为侯(hou)(hou)爵(jue)而郑(zheng)为伯(bo)爵(jue),所(suo)以分别称其为晋侯(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)伯(bo)。文中尚有蔡侯(hou)(hou)、陈(chen)侯(hou)(hou)亦(yi)然。——
郑国的执政大臣子(zi)家派执讯——即负责联络的官员——给晋国送来(lai)书信(与之:给晋君送来(lai)),以(yi)向赵宣子(zi)申述(shu)。
——子(zi)(zi)家的(de)(de)书信是给晋国的(de)(de)外交文书,本来其接受者是晋侯(hou),但主持政务(wu)的(de)(de)是赵盾,子(zi)(zi)家也就不再绕弯子(zi)(zi),总(zong)统还是个小(xiao)孩子(zi)(zi),我也不过是个代(dai)言(yan)人,那就直接和你这位总(zong)理交涉(she)吧,但文书陈述(shu)的(de)(de)主要对象仍是晋侯(hou)。——
信中说(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)们(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)继(ji)位(wei)才三年(nian)(nian),就曾招蔡(cai)(cai)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(他也封爵为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯,故(gu)称蔡(cai)(cai)侯)来(lai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)去(qu)侍奉贵国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(当(dang)时(shi)(shi)是(shi)晋襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)),九月(yue)蔡(cai)(cai)侯到达以(yi)后(hou)(蔽邑:对自己地域(yu)的(de)(de)谦称)准(zhun)备出发,但我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)因(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯宣(xuan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)事件——公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)兰逃(tao)亡(wang)晋国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),在(zai)(zai)晋文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)伐(fa)郑(zheng)时(shi)(shi),作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)盟约(yue)条(tiao)件被立为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi),当(dang)时(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)大(da)夫力促(cu)此(ci)事,其中包括侯宣(xuan)多(duo)(duo)(duo);两(liang)年(nian)(nian)后(hou)郑(zheng)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu),侯又(you)力保子(zi)(zi)兰继(ji)位(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)侯宣(xuan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)居功(gong)专权(quan),故(gu)子(zi)(zi)家称之(zhi)(zhi)‘侯宣(xuan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)难’——因(yin)此(ci)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)不(bu)能和蔡(cai)(cai)侯同(tong)往(wang)。十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)大(da)体平定了(le)侯宣(xuan)多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)乱后(hou),(在(zai)(zai)仅过了(le)两(liang)个(ge)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou))就紧(jin)随(sui)蔡(cai)(cai)侯去(qu)朝(chao)见(jian)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)六(liu)月(yue),我(wo)(wo)姬归生(sheng)陪伴(ban)着(zhe)太子(zi)(zi)夷(yi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陈(chen)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(陈(chen)侯:陈(chen)共公(gong)(gong)(gong))要朝(chao)见(jian)晋须请命于(yu)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)事宜,专意(yi)来(lai)朝(chao)见(jian)君(jun)王禀告(gao)——这时(shi)(shi)候已(yi)经是(shi)晋灵公(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)位(wei)。十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)七月(yue),我(wo)(wo)们(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)又(you)来(lai)朝(chao)见(jian),从而促(cu)成(蒇:读(du)chan,完成)了(le)陈(chen)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)事情(作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)附属的(de)(de)陈(chen)来(lai)和晋和好),十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue),陈(chen)侯从我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出发前(qian)往(wang)贵国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)朝(chao)见(jian)君(jun)王。去(qu)年(nian)(nian)正月(yue),烛之(zhi)(zhi)武陪伴(ban)着(zhe)太子(zi)(zi)夷(yi)又(you)往(wang)朝(chao)见(jian)(往(wang)年(nian)(nian):去(qu)年(nian)(nian);往(wang)朝(chao)夷(yi):应(ying)是(shi)‘夷(yi)往(wang)朝(chao)’,这是(shi)个(ge)倒装句,是(shi)因(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)烛之(zhi)(zhi)武后(hou)面(mian)省略了(le)‘佐’字(zi))。八(ba)月(yue)我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)又(you)亲(qin)去(qu)朝(chao)见(jian)。按(an)说(shuo)(以(yi):释为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)按(an)照(zhao))陈(chen)、蔡(cai)(cai)这样和楚(chu)亲(qin)近(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(迩:读(du)er,近(jin)(jin),如(ru)遐迩闻名),却对晋不(bu)敢怀有贰心,是(shi)(则:这里作(zuo)(zuo)判断词(ci))我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)啊!虽然(ran)我(wo)(wo)们(men)这样尽心地侍奉君(jun)王,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)什么(何以(yi))仍(reng)然(ran)不(bu)免获罪?我(wo)(wo)们(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)继(ji)位(wei)以(yi)后(hou),一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)朝(chao)见(jian)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong),两(liang)次(ci)(ci)朝(chao)见(jian)君(jun)王(这里的(de)(de)‘一(yi)(yi)(yi)’、‘再’指的(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)和两(liang)次(ci)(ci),而不(bu)是(shi)‘首(shou)先(xian)’和 ‘然(ran)后(hou)’),太子(zi)(zi)夷(yi)和我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)几(ji)位(wei)大(da)臣(chen),相(xiang)继(ji)到你们(men)绛都朝(chao)拜。
——文(wen)中的(de)这(zhei)个‘孤(gu)’应该是(shi)郑穆公的(de)自(zi)称(cheng),外交文(wen)书(shu)的(de)言者其(qi)实就应该是(shi)国君(jun)(jun),但本文(wen)是(shi)以子(zi)家(jia)的(de)口气(qi)申述,例如自(zi)称(cheng)‘归生’,称(cheng)郑穆公为‘寡君(jun)(jun)’,称(cheng)太子(zi)‘寡君(jun)(jun)之嫡(di)夷’。可是(shi)这(zhei)里却用‘夷和孤(gu)的(de)二三臣(chen)’这(zhei)种口气(qi)来称(cheng)呼太子(zi)——直呼其(qi)名——和大臣(chen)们,只有(you)郑穆公才有(you)此资格(ge)。这(zhei)可能是(shi)左丘明写书(shu)时有(you)所失误。——
虽然我(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)个小国(guo)(guo)(guo),但尽心(xin)尽意(yi)地所做是(shi)(shi)没(mei)有(蔑:无(wu))再能(neng)超越的(de)了(le),现在大(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(指晋(jin))还说(shuo):‘你们(men)(men)没(mei)有满足(zu)(逞(cheng):使(shi)得(de)逞(cheng))我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)愿望’。那我(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)只(zhi)(zhi)有灭(mie)亡(wang),因(yin)为确实已经(jing)(jing)再也(ye)(ye)无(wu)以复加了(le)。古(gu)人说(shuo)过:‘畏(wei)首畏(wei)尾,去了(le)两头,身子还能(neng)剩下多少?’还说(shuo)过:‘鹿在生死的(de)关(guan)头,就顾不(bu)得(de)选择庇荫的(de)地方了(le)(音:古(gu)通荫,即(ji)庇荫之(zhi)处。这言(yan)外之(zhi)意(yi)是(shi)(shi),如(ru)果晋(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)逼迫(po)(po)得(de)太(tai)紧,郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)只(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)不(bu)得(de)不(bu)投(tou)靠楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)了(le))。’小国(guo)(guo)(guo)侍奉大(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo),如(ru)能(neng)遇(yu)恩德(de)相待,他们(men)(men)就是(shi)(shi)人;如(ru)不(bu)能(neng)被尊重,他们(men)(men)就是(shi)(shi)危机(ji)中(zhong)的(de)鹿,铤而走(zou)险(xian)——铤:快跑的(de)样子,在险(xian)路(lu)上飞(fei)奔——急迫(po)(po)之(zhi)中(zhong)还有什么选择!你们(men)(men)的(de)命令,已经(jing)(jing)超越了(le)极(ji)限(罔极(ji)),我(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)知道就要(yao)亡(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)了(le),只(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)准备(将)悉数动员我(wo)(wo)(wo)军(jun)(赋:军(jun)队,因(yin)为那时是(shi)(shi)按照田赋出兵(bing)员的(de)),开(kai)赴鯈地(鯈:读chou,在郑晋(jin)边界(jie))迎候(hou)你们(men)(men),现在只(zhi)(zhi)有听候(hou)您的(de)决定了(le)。文(wen)公二年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)曾朝(chao)见齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo),四年(nian)(nian),为齐(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)去攻击蔡(cai)国(guo)(guo)(guo),结果是(shi)(shi)和楚(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)讲和(蔡(cai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)楚(chu)的(de)盟国(guo)(guo)(guo))。居于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)间而服(fu)从其(qi)强制性的(de)命令,难(nan)道也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)罪(zui)过吗?作(zuo)为大(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)您要(yao)连这也(ye)(ye)不(bu)体谅,我(wo)(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)就已经(jing)(jing)不(bu)在乎违抗了(le)。”
晋(jin)国(guo)于是派巩(gong)朔来郑(zheng)国(guo)讲和、盟约,并把赵穿和晋(jin)君的(de)女婿池(此(ci)人或许是晋(jin)襄公的(de)女婿,因为(wei)晋(jin)灵公当(dang)时只十几岁)留在郑(zheng)国(guo)作为(wei)人质。
这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)一(yi)篇照会,终使晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)赵盾审时度势,改(gai)变了(le)对郑的外交策(ce)略。郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在楚晋(jin)(jin)二(er)强的夹缝中(zhong)苟活,可(ke)以说对双方都毕恭毕敬,就如(ru)子(zi)家(jia)所说是无以复(fu)加(jia)了(le)。而此时晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)仍不(bu)满(man)意,也(ye)(ye)(ye)即(ji)要(yao)求专一(yi)敬我(wo),这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)其(qi)实就断(duan)绝了(le)郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的生(sheng)路。晋(jin)(jin)人不(bu)讲信义,曲(qu)沃(wo)翼(yi)都争锋,同族手(shou)足(zu)相残,借道伐虢而灭(mie)虞,对秦以怨报德,晋(jin)(jin)灵公的继位也(ye)(ye)(ye)是赵盾等出(chu)尔(er)反(fan)尔(er)的例(li)证(zheng)。如(ru)果郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)彻底和楚断(duan)绝来(lai)(lai)往,今日让赵盾心满(man)意足(zu),就必须(xu)面(mian)对楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的讨(tao)伐。等到(dao)楚军压境,再向晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)求援(yuan)是来(lai)(lai)不(bu)及(ji)的,只能(neng)死路一(yi)条。而晋(jin)(jin)又(you)从不(bu)枉费(fei)钱(qian)粮,不(bu)像烛之(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)说秦退兵,穆公还留逢孙(sun)等驻守,反(fan)正屈从晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是死,不(bu)从也(ye)(ye)(ye)就再无可(ke)加(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)刑了(le),郑虽军力绵薄,但(dan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)拼死一(yi)搏,或楚国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)尚有体谅,倾力前(qian)来(lai)(lai)救(jiu)援(yuan),绝路逢生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)未可(ke)知,这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)才有了(le)子(zi)家(jia)的呐喊(han)。所谓哀兵必胜——民不(bu)畏死奈何以死畏之(zhi)(zhi)。
子(zi)(zi)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)辞(ci),和(he)(he)展喜不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。虽然齐(qi)(qi)鲁(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)晋(jin)(jin)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)互地位、关系有(you)(you)相(xiang)似之处,但展喜是(shi)胸(xiong)有(you)(you)成竹:当(dang)时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)齐(qi)(qi)孝公(gong)内忧(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)断,伐鲁(lu)(lu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过是(shi)炫耀武(wu)功,鲁(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)虽有(you)(you)灾荒,但人(ren)心同仇敌忾。齐(qi)(qi)军(jun)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)疆场(chang)和(he)(he)鲁(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)对决(jue),更不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)粘着对恃(shi)。所(suo)以(yi)很顺利地说(shuo)退齐(qi)(qi)兵。子(zi)(zi)家(jia)(jia)文书(shu)倒类似烛之武(wu)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式,都是(shi)在(zai)国(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)最危难的(de)(de)(de)时(shi)候,都是(shi)在(zai)逻辑上引(yin)出第三方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)砝码(ma),让对方(fang)来权(quan)衡(heng)利弊,重新斟(zhen)酌和(he)(he)我(wo)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)关系。所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),子(zi)(zi)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)陈述面对的(de)(de)(de)晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo),是(shi)威胁(xie)的(de)(de)(de)主要发起方(fang),而(er)烛之武(wu)说(shuo)秦穆公(gong),面对是(shi)进攻(gong)联军(jun)的(de)(de)(de)次(ci)要部分;因为当(dang)时(shi)晋(jin)(jin)文公(gong)是(shi)决(jue)心灭郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),没有(you)(you)改变的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)性——叔詹自杀(sha)都无济于事(shi)!但秦穆公(gong)的(de)(de)(de)军(jun)事(shi)实力(li)最强(qiang),具(ju)有(you)(you)左右局势的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量,而(er)第三方(fang)砝码(ma)就是(shi)晋(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)图霸!所(suo)以(yi)谈判水(shui)到渠成。子(zi)(zi)家(jia)(jia)面对的(de)(de)(de)晋(jin)(jin)灵公(gong)(也即赵盾),只(zhi)有(you)(you)彻(che)底(di)折服(fu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)愿(yuan)(yuan)望,却(que)没有(you)(you)灭郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)量——如果能(neng)够,他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必装(zhuang)模(mo)作样;郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)尚有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)经济军(jun)事(shi)实力(li),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)陈蔡小国(guo)(guo)所(suo)能(neng)比,又地处中(zhong)原战(zhan)略要冲,是(shi)晋(jin)(jin)楚(chu)(chu)在(zai)争霸中(zhong)最具(ju)价值的(de)(de)(de)帮手。可(ke)以(yi)说(shuo),他(ta)们(men)谁争取(qu)到郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo),就为称霸奠定了(le)最有(you)(you)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)基础。子(zi)(zi)家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)说(shuo)辞(ci),最让赵盾担忧(you)的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)“鹿死不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)择荫”,而(er)是(shi)铤(ting)而(er)走险——彻(che)底(di)地投靠楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo),甚至请楚(chu)(chu)派军(jun)驻守。这(zhei)个(ge)砝码(ma)的(de)(de)(de)重量,赵盾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)掂量。子(zi)(zi)家(jia)(jia)专门说(shuo)到陈国(guo)(guo),那么详尽地讲他(ta)先和(he)(he)陈侯去楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)请示(shi),再(zai)和(he)(he)陈侯来晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)朝(chao)见。言外(wai)之意是(shi):你看看楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)多大气(qi),我(wo)们(men)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)只(zhi)依(yi)靠你的(de)(de)(de)!和(he)(he)解是(shi)最好,开(kai)战(zhan)也可(ke)以(yi),让我(wo)彻(che)底(di)背离楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能(neng)!利弊得(de)失您看着办吧。