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与韩荆州书

与韩荆州书

[唐]李白

【作者小(xiao)传】李(li)白(bai)(701—762),字太白(bai),号青莲(lian)居土。唐代(dai)伟大诗(shi)人。绵州昌隆县(xian)(今四川江(jiang)油县(xian))人。青少年(nian)(nian)时(shi)期(qi)在蜀中(zhong)度(du)过,约(yue)(yue)二十(shi)五(wu)六岁时(shi),出蜀漫(man)(man)游各地。玄宗天宝(bao)(742—756)初至长安(an)(an),待诏翰林院。不久便遭(zao)谗去京,南北(bei)漫(man)(man)游。安(an)(an)史(shi)之乱中(zhong),因参(can)永王李(li)璘幕府,被流放夜郎,途中(zhong)遇赦。晚年(nian)(nian)飘泊江(jiang)南,病逝于当(dang)涂(tu)(今属安(an)(an)徽)。李(li)白(bai)诗(shi)深切关怀国(guo)家(jia)政治,对(dui)天宝(bao)年(nian)(nian)间权(quan)奸当(dang)道、穷兵(bing)黩武(wu)等(deng)阴暗面以及安(an)(an)史(shi)乱军危害国(guo)家(jia)的罪行均(jun)加以批(pi)判;强烈(lie)抒发了(le)雄心(xin)壮(zhuang)志遭(zao)受压(ya)抑的痛苦和(he)愤怒心(xin)情(qing),表达了(le)对(dui)权(quan)贵的蔑视(shi)和(he)对(dui)独立自由人格的向(xiang)往;热(re)情(qing)歌颂(song)了(le)祖国(guo)的大好河山。诗(shi)风(feng)豪放,想(xiang)象奇(qi)伟,情(qing)感炽热(re),语言真率自然,具有浓厚的浪(lang)漫(man)(man)主义色(se)彩。文风(feng)亦豪迈俊爽。今存诗(shi)约(yue)(yue)千首,文约(yue)(yue)七十(shi)篇(pian)。  

【题解】本(ben)文约(yue)作于(yu)(yu)开(kai)元二十二年(734),李(li)白(bai)在襄(xiang)阳(今属湖北)。韩(han)荆州,即(ji)韩(han)朝宗,时(shi)任(ren)荆州长(zhang)史(shi)兼襄(xiang)州刺史(shi)、山南(nan)东道采访使。李(li)白(bai)抱负(fu)宏(hong)大,自(zi)称“愿为辅弼,使寰区大定,海(hai)县清(qing)一”(《代寿山答孟少(shao)府(fu)移(yi)文书》)。但(dan)他不(bu)欲经(jing)由进士(shi)、明(ming)经(jing)等(deng)常规考试进入仕途(tu),而企图一朝蒙(meng)受帝王赏识(shi)(shi),获得重用(yong)。故广事干(gan)谒(ye),投赠诗文,以表现才(cai)能(neng),培(pei)养声名(ming)。作此文前,已多次上(shang)书和谒(ye)见地(di)方长(zhang)官,又曾入京谋求出路,未果。本(ben)文也是干(gan)谒(ye)之作,故极(ji)称韩(han)朝宗善于(yu)(yu)识(shi)(shi)拔人才(cai),希望获得接见和称誉。但(dan)并不(bu)露卑屈之态,而充满对自(zi)己才(cai)能(neng)的自(zi)信(xin)。文句(ju)骈散并用(yong),长(zhang)短错落,读来颇有气盛言(yan)宜之感。  

白闻天下(xia)谈士(shi)相聚(ju)而(er)言曰(yue)[1]:“生不(bu)(bu)用万户(hu)侯[2],但愿一(yi)识(shi)韩荆州。”何令(ling)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)慕[3],一(yi)至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)此耶(ye)!岂不(bu)(bu)以(yi)有周公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风,躬吐握之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事[4],使海内豪俊奔(ben)走而(er)归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)登龙门[5],则(ze)声誉十倍,所(suo)以(yi)龙盘(pan)凤逸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),皆欲收名(ming)定价于(yu)(yu)君侯[6]。愿君侯不(bu)(bu)以(yi)富贵而(er)骄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),寒贱而(er)忽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)三(san)千宾中有毛遂(sui),使白得颖脱(tuo)而(er)出[7],即(ji)其人焉。

白(bai)陇西布衣(yi),流落楚(chu)汉[8]。十五好剑术(shu),徧(bian)干诸侯;三(san)十成文章,历抵卿(qing)相[9]。虽(sui)长不(bu)满七尺,而心(xin)雄万夫。王(wang)公大人,许(xu)与气义。此畴曩心(xin)迹[10],安敢不(bu)尽于君侯哉?

君侯制(zhi)作侔神明[11],德行动天地(di),笔参造化,学(xue)究天人[12]。幸(xing)愿(yuan)开张心颜,不(bu)以长揖见(jian)拒[13]。必若接之(zhi)以高宴,纵之(zhi)以清谈[14],请(qing)日试万言,倚马(ma)可待(dai)[15]。今天下以君侯为文章之(zhi)司命,人物(wu)之(zhi)权衡[16],一经品题,便(bian)作佳士。而君侯何惜阶(jie)前盈尺(chi)之(zhi)地(di)[17],不(bu)使白(bai)扬眉吐(tu)气(qi),激昂青云耶?

昔王子师为豫州,未下车,即(ji)辟荀(xun)慈(ci)明,既下车,又辟孔文举(ju)[18];山涛作冀州,甄拔(ba)三十余人,或(huo)为侍中、尚书[19],先代所美。而(er)(er)君侯亦荐(jian)一严协律,入为秘书郎,中间崔宗(zong)之(zhi)、房习(xi)祖、黎昕、许(xu)莹之(zhi)徒[20],或(huo)以才(cai)名见知,或(huo)以清白见赏。白每观其衔恩抚躬[21],忠义奋(fen)发(fa),以此感激(ji),知君侯推赤(chi)心于(yu)诸贤腹(fu)中[22],所以不归他人,而(er)(er)愿委身国士[23]。傥急难有用,敢效微躯[24]。

且(qie)人(ren)非(fei)尧舜[25],谁能(neng)尽善?白谟猷(you)筹画,安(an)能(neng)自(zi)矜[26]?至于制(zhi)作(zuo),积成卷轴[27],则欲(yu)尘秽视(shi)听[28]。恐雕虫小技(ji)[29],不合(he)大人(ren)。若赐观刍荛[30],请给纸墨,兼之书人(ren),然后退扫闲轩[31],缮写呈上。庶青(qing)萍、结绿(lv),长价于薛、卞之门[32]。幸(xing)惟(wei)下流(liu)[33],大开(kai)奖饰,惟(wei)君侯图之[34]。

——选自中(zhong)华(hua)书局标点本《李(li)太白(bai)全集》  

我(wo)听说天下(xia)谈士聚在一(yi)起(qi)议论道(dao):“人生不(bu)用封为万户侯,只愿结识(shi)一(yi)下(xia)韩荆州。”怎么使人敬仰爱慕,竟到如此程度!岂(qi)不(bu)是因(yin)为您(nin)(nin)有周公(gong)那(nei)样(yang)(yang)的(de)作风(feng),躬行吐(tu)哺(bu)握发之事,故而使海内的(de)豪杰(jie)俊士都(dou)奔走(zou)而归于您(nin)(nin)的(de)门下(xia)。士人一(yi)经您(nin)(nin)的(de)接待延(yan)誉,便(bian)声名(ming)大增,所(suo)以屈而未伸(shen)的(de)贤士,都(dou)想在您(nin)(nin)这儿获(huo)得美名(ming),奠定声望(wang)。希望(wang)您(nin)(nin)不(bu)因(yin)自(zi)己富(fu)贵而对他们傲慢,不(bu)因(yin)他们微(wei)贱而轻视他们,那(nei)么您(nin)(nin)众多的(de)宾客中便(bian)会出(chu)现毛遂那(nei)样(yang)(yang)的(de)奇才(cai)。假使我(wo)能有机(ji)会显露才(cai)干,我(wo)就是那(nei)样(yang)(yang)的(de)人啊。

我是陇西平民,流落于(yu)楚汉。十(shi)五岁(sui)时爱好剑(jian)术(shu),谒见了许多地方长官;三十(shi)岁(sui)时文章成就,拜见了很多卿相显(xian)贵。虽(sui)然身长不满七尺,但(dan)志气(qi)雄壮,胜于(yu)万人。王公大人都赞许我有气(qi)概,讲道义。这是我往日的(de)心(xin)事行(xing)迹,怎敢不尽(jin)情向您表露呢?

您(nin)的著作堪与(yu)神明相比,您(nin)的德(de)行感动天(tian)地(di);文章与(yu)自(zi)然造化同功,学(xue)问穷(qiong)极天(tian)道人(ren)(ren)事。希望(wang)您(nin)度量宽宏,和(he)颜悦色,不因我(wo)长揖不拜而拒(ju)绝我(wo)。如若肯用(yong)盛宴来接待(dai)我(wo),任(ren)凭(ping)我(wo)清谈(tan)高(gao)论,那请您(nin)再以日写万言(yan)试我(wo),我(wo)将(jiang)手不停挥,顷刻可就。如今天(tian)下人(ren)(ren)认为您(nin)是决定文章命(ming)运(yun)、衡量人(ren)(ren)物高(gao)下的权威(wei),一经您(nin)的品评,便被认作美士,您(nin)何必(bi)舍不得(de)阶前(qian)的区(qu)区(qu)一尺(chi)之地(di)接待(dai)我(wo),而使我(wo)不能扬眉吐气、激厉昂(ang)扬、气概凌云(yun)呢(ni)?

从前王(wang)子(zi)师担任(ren)豫州刺史,未到任(ren)即征召荀慈(ci)明(ming),到任(ren)后又征召孔文举(ju);山(shan)涛作冀州刺史,选拔三十余(yu)人,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)成为侍中、尚书。这都是前代人所称(cheng)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)。而您也荐举(ju)过一(yi)位严协律,进入中央为秘(mi)书郎;还有(you)崔宗之(zhi)、房习祖、黎(li)昕(xin)、许莹等人,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)才干名声被您知(zhi)晓,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)因(yin)操行清白受您赏识(shi)。我(wo)每(mei)(mei)每(mei)(mei)看到他们怀恩感(gan)慨,忠义奋发,因(yin)此我(wo)感(gan)动激励(li),知(zhi)道(dao)您对诸位贤(xian)士推心置腹,赤诚相(xiang)见,故而我(wo)不归向他人,而愿意托身(shen)于您。如逢紧急艰难有(you)用我(wo)之(zhi)处,我(wo)当献身(shen)效命(ming)。

一般人(ren)(ren)(ren)都不是尧、舜那样(yang)的圣人(ren)(ren)(ren),谁能(neng)(neng)完美(mei)无缺?我(wo)(wo)的谋(mou)略策画,岂能(neng)(neng)自我(wo)(wo)夸耀(yao)?至于我(wo)(wo)的作(zuo)品,已积累(lei)成为卷轴,却想(xiang)要请(qing)您(nin)过目。只怕这些(xie)雕(diao)虫小(xiao)技,不能(neng)(neng)受(shou)到大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的赏识。若蒙您(nin)垂青(qing),愿意看看拙作(zuo),那便(bian)请(qing)给以(yi)纸墨(mo),还(hai)有(you)抄(chao)写的人(ren)(ren)(ren)手,然后我(wo)(wo)回去(qu)打扫静室,缮写呈上。希望青(qing)萍宝剑、结绿美(mei)玉,能(neng)(neng)在(zai)薛(xue)烛、卞和门下增添(tian)价值。愿您(nin)顾念(nian)身居下位的人(ren)(ren)(ren),大(da)开奖誉之门。请(qing)您(nin)加以(yi)考虑。

(王运熙 杨明)

【注释】

[1]谈(tan)士(shi)(shi):言(yan)谈(tan)之(zhi)士(shi)(shi)。孔(kong)融《与曹操(cao)论盛孝章书(shu)(shu)(shu)》:“天(tian)下(xia)谈(tan)士(shi)(shi),依以(yi)(yi)扬声(sheng)。”[2]万户(hu)侯(hou):食(shi)邑(yi)万户(hu)的封侯(hou)。唐朝(chao)封爵已无万户(hu)侯(hou)之(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng),此(ci)处(chu)(chu)借(jie)指显贵。[3]景(jing)慕(mu):敬仰(yang)爱慕(mu)。[4]周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公:即姬旦(dan),周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi),武王(wang)(wang)(wang)弟。因(yin)采(cai)邑(yi)在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)陕(shan)西(xi)歧(qi)山(shan)县(xian)北(bei)),故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公。吐(tu)握(wo):吐(tu)哺(口中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)含食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu))握(wo)发(头发)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公自称(cheng)(cheng)“我一沐(洗头)三握(wo)发,一饭三吐(tu)哺,起(qi)以(yi)(yi)待士(shi)(shi),犹恐(kong)失(shi)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)贤(xian)人(ren)”(见《史(shi)(shi)记(ji)·鲁(lu)世(shi)家》),后世(shi)因(yin)以(yi)(yi)“吐(tu)握(wo)”形容礼贤(xian)下(xia)士(shi)(shi)。[5]龙门(men)(men)(men)(men):在(zai)(zai)今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)河(he)(he)津西(xi)北(bei)黄(huang)河(he)(he)两岸,峭壁对(dui)峙,形如阙门(men)(men)(men)(men)。传(chuan)说江海(hai)大(da)鱼能(neng)上此(ci)门(men)(men)(men)(men)者(zhe)(zhe)即化为(wei)(wei)(wei)龙。东(dong)(dong)汉李膺有高(gao)名(ming)(ming),当时(shi)(shi)士(shi)(shi)人(ren)有受其(qi)(qi)接待者(zhe)(zhe),名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)登龙门(men)(men)(men)(men)。[6]龙盘凤逸:喻贤(xian)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)野或(huo)屈居下(xia)位。收名(ming)(ming)定(ding)价:获取美名(ming)(ming),奠定(ding)声(sheng)望。君侯(hou):对(dui)尊贵者(zhe)(zhe)的敬称(cheng)(cheng)。[7]毛遂:战国(guo)时(shi)(shi)赵国(guo)平原(yuan)君食(shi)客。秦围邯郸,赵王(wang)(wang)(wang)使平原(yuan)君求(qiu)救于楚(chu),毛遂请求(qiu)随(sui)(sui)同(tong)前往,自荐曰:“臣乃今(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)请处(chu)(chu)囊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耳。使遂早得处(chu)(chu)囊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),乃颖脱(tuo)而(er)(er)出(chu),非(fei)特其(qi)(qi)末见而(er)(er)已。”随(sui)(sui)从(cong)至楚(chu),果然说服了楚(chu)王(wang)(wang)(wang),使其(qi)(qi)同(tong)意发兵。平原(yuan)君乃以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)上客(见《史(shi)(shi)记(ji)·平原(yuan)君虞卿列传(chuan)》)。颖(yǐng影):指锥芒。颖脱(tuo)而(er)(er)出(chu),喻才士(shi)(shi)若获得机会,必能(neng)充(chong)分显示(shi)其(qi)(qi)才能(neng)。[8]陇西(xi):古郡名(ming)(ming),始(shi)置(zhi)于秦,治(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)狄道(dao)(今(jin)甘肃(su)临洮)。李白(bai)(bai)自称(cheng)(cheng)十六国(guo)时(shi)(shi)凉武昭王(wang)(wang)(wang)李暠(gao)之(zhi)后,李暠(gao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)陇西(xi)人(ren)。布(bu)衣:平民(min)。楚(chu)汉:当时(shi)(shi)李白(bai)(bai)家于安(an)陆(lu)(今(jin)属湖北(bei)),往来于襄(xiang)阳(yang)、江夏(xia)等地。[9]干:干谒,对(dui)人(ren)有所(suo)求(qiu)而(er)(er)请见。诸(zhu)侯(hou):此(ci)指地方长(zhang)官(guan)。历:普遍。抵:拜谒,进(jin)见。卿相:指中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)朝(chao)廷高(gao)级官(guan)员(yuan)。[10]畴曩(chóu nǎng绸攮):往日(ri)(ri)(ri)。[11]制作(zuo):指文(wen)章著述(shu)。侔(mou)(mou)(móu谋):相等,齐同(tong)。东(dong)(dong)汉崔瑗《张(zhang)平子(zi)碑(bei)》:“数术穷天(tian)地,制作(zuo)侔(mou)(mou)造化。”[12]参,参与。造化:自然的创造化育。天(tian)人(ren):天(tian)道(dao)和(he)人(ren)道(dao)。南朝(chao)梁钟(zhong)嵘《诗品(pin)(pin)序(xu)》:“文(wen)丽日(ri)(ri)(ri)月,学(xue)究天(tian)人(ren)。”[13]开(kai)张(zhang):开(kai)扩,舒(shu)展。长(zhang)揖:相见时(shi)(shi)拱(gong)手(shou)高(gao)举(ju)自上而(er)(er)下(xia)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)礼。[14]清(qing)谈(tan):汉末魏晋(jin)以(yi)(yi)来,士(shi)(shi)人(ren)喜高(gao)谈(tan)阔(kuo)论,或(huo)评议人(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu),或(huo)探(tan)究玄理,称(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)谈(tan)。[15]倚马(ma)可待:喻文(wen)思敏捷(jie)。东(dong)(dong)晋(jin)时(shi)(shi)袁宏随(sui)(sui)同(tong)桓温北(bei)征(zheng),受命(ming)作(zuo)露(lu)布(bu)文(wen)(檄文(wen)、捷(jie)书(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)类),他(ta)倚马(ma)前而(er)(er)作(zuo),手(shou)不(bu)辍笔,顷刻便成,而(er)(er)文(wen)极佳妙。[16]司命(ming):原(yuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)神名(ming)(ming),掌(zhang)管(guan)人(ren)之(zhi)寿命(ming)。此(ci)指判定(ding)文(wen)章优劣的权威。权:秤锤;衡(heng):秤杆(gan)。此(ci)指品(pin)(pin)评人(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的权威。[17]惜阶前盈尺之(zhi)地:意即不(bu)在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)前接见我。[18]王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)师(shi):东(dong)(dong)汉王(wang)(wang)(wang)允字(zi)子(zi)师(shi),灵(ling)帝时(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)豫州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)(治(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)沛(pei)国(guo)谯(qiao)县(xian),即今(jin)安(an)徽(hui)亳县(xian)),征(zheng)召荀爽(字(zi)慈明,汉末硕儒)、孔(kong)融(字(zi)文(wen)举(ju),孔(kong)子(zi)之(zhi)后,汉末名(ming)(ming)士(shi)(shi))等为(wei)(wei)(wei)从(cong)事。全句原(yuan)出(chu)西(xi)晋(jin)东(dong)(dong)海(hai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)司马(ma)越《与江统书(shu)(shu)(shu)》。[19]山(shan)涛:字(zi)巨(ju)源,西(xi)晋(jin)名(ming)(ming)士(shi)(shi),竹(zhu)林(lin)七贤(xian)之(zhi)一。为(wei)(wei)(wei)翼州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)河(he)(he)北(bei)高(gao)邑(yi)西(xi)南)刺史(shi)(shi)时(shi)(shi),搜(sou)访贤(xian)才,甄拔隐(yin)屈。侍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu):中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)政府官(guan)名(ming)(ming)。[20]严协(xie)律(lv):名(ming)(ming)不(bu)详(xiang)(xiang)。协(xie)律(lv),协(xie)律(lv)郎,属太常寺,掌(zhang)校正律(lv)吕。秘书(shu)(shu)(shu)郎:属秘书(shu)(shu)(shu)省(sheng),掌(zhang)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)政府藏书(shu)(shu)(shu)。崔宗之(zhi):李白(bai)(bai)好(hao)友,开(kai)元(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)入(ru)仕,曾为(wei)(wei)(wei)起(qi)居郎、尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)礼部员(yuan)外郎、礼部郎中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、右司郎中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等职,与孟浩(hao)然、杜甫(fu)亦曾有交往。房(fang)习(xi)(xi)祖:不(bu)详(xiang)(xiang)。黎昕:曾为(wei)(wei)(wei)拾(shi)遗官(guan),与王(wang)(wang)(wang)维有交往。许莹:不(bu)详(xiang)(xiang)。[21]抚躬:犹言(yan)撫(fu)膺、撫(fu)髀,表(biao)示(shi)慨叹。抚,拍。[22]推赤心于诸(zhu)贤(xian)腹(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):《后汉书(shu)(shu)(shu)·光武本纪》:“萧(xiao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(刘秀)推赤心置(zhi)人(ren)腹(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”[23]国(guo)士(shi)(shi):国(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)杰出(chu)的人(ren)。[24]傥:同(tong)“倘”。[25]且(qie):提起(qi)连词。[26]谟猷(you)(yóu尤):谋画,谋略。[27]卷(juan)轴:古代(dai)帛(bo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)或(huo)纸书(shu)(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)轴卷(juan)束(shu)。[28]尘秽视听:请对(dui)方观看自己(ji)作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)的谦语(yu)。[29]雕(diao)虫小(xiao)技:西(xi)汉扬雄(xiong)称(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)赋为(wei)(wei)(wei)“童(tong)子(zi)雕(diao)虫篆刻”,“壮夫不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)”(见《法言(yan)·吾子(zi)》)。虫书(shu)(shu)(shu)、刻符为(wei)(wei)(wei)当时(shi)(shi)学(xue)童(tong)所(suo)习(xi)(xi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)体,纤巧难工。此(ci)处(chu)(chu)乃自谦之(zhi)词。[30]刍(chu)(chu)荛(chú ráo除饶):割草为(wei)(wei)(wei)刍(chu)(chu),打柴为(wei)(wei)(wei)荛,刍(chu)(chu)荛指草野之(zhi)人(ren)。亦用以(yi)(yi)谦称(cheng)(cheng)自己(ji)的作(zuo)品(pin)(pin)。[31]闲(xian)轩:静室(shi)。[32]青(qing)萍:宝剑名(ming)(ming)。结绿:美玉名(ming)(ming)。薛(xue):薛(xue)烛,古代(dai)善相剑者(zhe)(zhe),见《越绝书(shu)(shu)(shu)外传(chuan)·记(ji)宝剑》。卞(bian)(bian):卞(bian)(bian)和(he),古代(dai)善识(shi)玉者(zhe)(zhe),见《韩(han)非(fei)子(zi)·和(he)氏(shi)》。[33]惟(wei):念。下(xia)流:指地位低的人(ren)。惟(wei),一作(zuo)推。[34]奖饰:奖励(li)称(cheng)(cheng)誉。

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