鲁仲连义不帝秦
秦(qin)围赵(zhao)(zhao)之邯(han)(han)郸。魏安厘王(wang)使将军(jun)晋鄙救赵(zhao)(zhao)，畏秦(qin)，止于荡阴，不(bu)进(jin)。魏王(wang)使客将军(jun)辛垣衍间入邯(han)(han)郸，因平原君谓赵(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)曰：“秦(qin)所(suo)以(yi)急围赵(zhao)(zhao)者(zhe)，前与齐闵(min)(min)王(wang)争强为帝，已(yi)(yi)而复归帝，以(yi)齐故。今(jin)齐闵(min)(min)王(wang)已(yi)(yi)益弱，方今(jin)唯秦(qin)雄天下，此(ci)非必(bi)贪邯(han)(han)郸，其意欲求为帝。赵(zhao)(zhao)诚(cheng)发使尊秦(qin)昭王(wang)为帝，秦(qin)必(bi)喜，罢兵去。”平原君犹豫未(wei)有所(suo)决。
此(ci)时(shi)鲁(lu)(lu)仲连(lian)(lian)适游赵(zhao)，会秦围赵(zhao)，闻魏(wei)将欲令赵(zhao)尊秦为(wei)(wei)帝，乃见(jian)平原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)：“事(shi)将奈何(he)矣？”平原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)：“胜也(ye)(ye)何(he)敢言(yan)事(shi)？百万之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众折于外(wai)，今又内(nei)围邯郸而(er)不(bu)去。魏(wei)王使(shi)(shi)客将军辛垣衍令赵(zhao)帝秦，今其人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)是。胜也(ye)(ye)何(he)敢言(yan)事(shi)？”鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)：“始(shi)吾以君(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤公(gong)子也(ye)(ye)，吾乃今然(ran)后知(zhi)君(jun)(jun)非(fei)天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤公(gong)子也(ye)(ye)。梁(liang)客辛垣衍安在(zai)(zai)？吾请(qing)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)责而(er)归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)！”平原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)：“胜请(qing)为(wei)(wei)绍介而(er)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于先(xian)生。”平原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)遂见(jian)辛垣衍曰(yue)(yue)：“东国有鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)先(xian)生，其人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)，胜请(qing)为(wei)(wei)绍介而(er)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于先(xian)生。”辛垣衍曰(yue)(yue)：“吾闻鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)先(xian)生，齐国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高士也(ye)(ye)。衍，人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)也(ye)(ye)，使(shi)(shi)事(shi)有职，吾不(bu)愿(yuan)见(jian)鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)先(xian)生也(ye)(ye)。”平原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)：“胜已泄(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。”辛垣衍许诺(nuo)。
鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)见辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无言。辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“吾(wu)视居此围(wei)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)求(qiu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；今(jin)吾(wu)视先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)貌，非有(you)求(qiu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)，曷(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)久居此围(wei)城中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“世以(yi)鲍焦[43]无从容[44]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)死者(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)众人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)，则为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)身[45]。彼(bi)秦(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)，弃(qi)礼(li)义(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上[46]首功(gong)[47]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，权使(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)士(shi)[48]，虏(lu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民[49]；彼(bi)[50]则[51]肆然(ran)(ran)[52]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)，过(guo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遂(sui)正(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)[53]，则连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)有(you)[54]赴(fu)[55]东(dong)海而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)死矣(yi)(yi)，吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民[56]也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)！所(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)[57]见将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)，欲(yu)以(yi)[58]助赵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奈何(he)？”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“吾(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)梁(liang)(liang)及(ji)燕助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，齐楚则固[59]助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)。”辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“燕，则吾(wu)请(qing)以(yi)从[60]矣(yi)(yi)；若(ruo)乃(nai)[61]梁(liang)(liang)，则吾(wu)梁(liang)(liang)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生恶[62]能使(shi)(shi)(shi)[63]梁(liang)(liang)助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耶？”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“梁(liang)(liang)未(wei)睹秦(qin)称(cheng)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；使(shi)(shi)(shi)梁(liang)(liang)睹秦(qin)称(cheng)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害，则必(bi)助赵矣(yi)(yi)。”辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“秦(qin)称(cheng)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)奈何(he)？”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“昔(xi)齐威王(wang)[64]尝为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仁(ren)义(yi)矣(yi)(yi)，率天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)朝周。周贫且(qie)(qie)微(wei)，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)莫[65]朝，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)齐独朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。居岁余，周烈王(wang)[66]崩，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)吊[67]，齐后(hou)往。周怒(nu)，赴(fu)[68]于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)齐曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)崩地坼[69]，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)席[70]，东(dong)藩[71]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)田婴齐后(hou)至(zhi)，则斮(zhuo)[72]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)！’威王(wang)勃然(ran)(ran)[73]怒(nu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘叱嗟[74]！而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)母[75]，婢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)！’卒(zu)[76]为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)[77]天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)笑(xiao)。故(gu)(gu)生[78]则朝周，死则叱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，诚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能忍其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)求(qiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)[79]。彼(bi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)固然(ran)(ran)[80]，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)无足怪[81]。”辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生独未(wei)见夫仆[82]乎[83]？十(shi)(shi)人(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)从[84]一(yi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)，宁[85]力(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)胜(sheng)、智不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)若(ruo)耶？畏(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“然(ran)(ran)梁(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)秦(qin)[86]，若(ruo)[87]仆耶？”辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“然(ran)(ran)。”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“然(ran)(ran)则[88]吾(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)王(wang)烹醢[89]梁(liang)(liang)王(wang)！”辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)怏然(ran)(ran)[90]不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悦，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“嘻[91]！亦太(tai)甚[92]矣(yi)(yi)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)！先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生又(you)恶能使(shi)(shi)(shi)秦(qin)王(wang)烹醢梁(liang)(liang)王(wang)？”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“固也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)[93]！待吾(wu)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[94]：昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)、鄂(e)(e)侯(hou)(hou)、文(wen)王(wang)[95]，纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)公也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)有(you)子(zi)(zi)[96]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)好[97]，故(gu)(gu)入(ru)[98]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)纣。纣以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恶[99]，醢鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)。鄂(e)(e)侯(hou)(hou)争之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急[100]，辨[101]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾，故(gu)(gu)脯[102]鄂(e)(e)侯(hou)(hou)。文(wen)王(wang)闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，喟然(ran)(ran)[103]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)叹(tan)，故(gu)(gu)拘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)牖里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)库(ku)[104]百日(ri)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)欲(yu)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死。——曷(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)[105]与人(ren)俱称(cheng)帝(di)(di)王(wang)，卒(zu)就[106]脯醢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？”齐闵王(wang)[107]将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[108]鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，夷(yi)维(wei)子(zi)(zi)[109]执策[110]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)从，谓(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“子(zi)(zi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)何(he)以(yi)[111]待吾(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)？”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“吾(wu)以(yi)十(shi)(shi)太(tai)牢(lao)待[112]子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。”夷(yi)维(wei)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“子(zi)(zi)安取礼(li)[114]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)来(lai)待吾(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)？彼(bi)吾(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)巡狩(shou)[115]，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)辟舍[116]，纳筦键(jian)[117]，摄(she)衽[118]抱几[119]，视膳[120]于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)堂下(xia)(xia)(xia)；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)已(yi)食，退而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)听朝[121]也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)投其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)钥[122]，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)果[123]纳[124]，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得入(ru)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)薛，假涂[125]于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)邹(zou)。当是(shi)时，邹(zou)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)死，闵王(wang)欲(yu)入(ru)吊。夷(yi)维(wei)子(zi)(zi)谓(wei)邹(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤[126]曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)吊，主(zhu)人(ren)必(bi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)倍[127]殡柩[128]，设(she)北面于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)方[129]，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)南(nan)面吊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”邹(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群臣(chen)(chen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“必(bi)若(ruo)此，吾(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)伏剑(jian)[130]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)死。”故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)入(ru)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)邹(zou)。邹(zou)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)，生则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得事养[131]，死则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得饭(fan)含[132]，然(ran)(ran)且(qie)(qie)[133]欲(yu)行(xing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)邹(zou)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)果纳。今(jin)秦(qin)万乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国，梁(liang)(liang)亦万乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国，俱据万乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国，交(jiao)[134]有(you)称(cheng)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。睹其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)战而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)胜(sheng)，欲(yu)从而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[135]，是(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)臣(chen)(chen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如邹(zou)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仆妾(qie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)(qie)秦(qin)无已(yi)[136]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)帝(di)(di)[137]，则且(qie)(qie)[138]变易[139]诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)臣(chen)(chen)，彼(bi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)夺其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肖(xiao)[140]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)予其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)贤，夺其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)憎(zeng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)与其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)爱；彼(bi)又(you)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)女[142]谗妾(qie)[143]为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)妃姬，处梁(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)，梁(liang)(liang)王(wang)安得晏然(ran)(ran)[144]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)[145]乎？而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)又(you)何(he)以(yi)[146]得故(gu)(gu)宠(chong)[147]乎？于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)辛(xin)垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)(yan)起，再拜[148]谢[149]曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“始(shi)以(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庸人(ren)[150]，吾(wu)乃(nai)今(jin)日(ri)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)[151]也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)！吾(wu)请(qing)去，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)复言帝(di)(di)秦(qin)！”秦(qin)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)却军(jun)[152]五十(shi)(shi)里。适(shi)会[153]魏(wei)公子(zi)(zi)无忌[154]夺晋鄙军(jun)以(yi)救(jiu)赵击秦(qin)，秦(qin)军(jun)引[155]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)欲(yu)封鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)辞(ci)让(rang)者(zhe)(zhe)三(san)[156]，终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯受。平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)乃(nai)置酒[157]，酒酣(han)[158]，起，前[159]，以(yi)千金为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)寿[160]。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)笑(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“所(suo)(suo)贵于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)排患[161]、释难、解纷乱(luan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无所(suo)(suo)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；即[162]有(you)所(suo)(suo)取者(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)商贾[163]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”遂(sui)辞(ci)平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去，终(zhong)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复见。
注释
①邯郸：赵国都城，今河北邯郸市。晋鄙：魏国大将。荡(dang)阴：地名，今河南汤(tang)阴。
②客将军：原(yuan)籍(ji)不在(zai)某国(guo)而任(ren)该国(guo)将军。间入：潜入。
③因：通过。平原(yuan)君：赵(zhao)国(guo)公子赵(zhao)胜，封平原(yuan)君，时为赵(zhao)相(xiang)。
④前(qian)与齐闵(min)王争强为(wei)帝(di)：前(qian)288年，齐闵(min)王(也写作齐湣王，名(ming)地)称东帝(di)。于(yu)是 秦昭王（名(ming)稷(ji)）称西帝(di)
⑤今齐(qi)闵王(wang)益弱：秦围邯郸时(shi)(shi)，齐(qi)闵王(wang)死(si)去(qu)已二十多年(nian)。 王(wang)力先(xian)生说，此句疑有(you)误意思是，今之齐(qi)比湣(min)王(wang)时(shi)(shi)益弱
⑥秦(qin)昭(zhao)王：秦(qin)国国君。曾多次打败敌国，奠(dian)定(ding)了秦(qin)统一六国的(de)(de)基础。 秦(qin)始皇(huang)的(de)(de)太爷(ye)爷(ye)
⑦胜：平原(yuan)君赵胜自称名。
⑧百万(wan)之(zhi)众折(zhe)(zhe)于外：前260年，秦将白(bai)起在长平大破赵(zhao)兵(bing)，坑赵(zhao)降兵(bing)40余万(wan)人。折(zhe)(zhe)，挫败(bai)。
⑨内：指深(shen)入国境(jing)。
①曷：什么。
②鲍焦：春秋时隐士，因对现实(shi)不满，抱(bao)树而死。无从容：心胸不开阔。
③上：同“尚(shang)”，崇尚(shang)。首功：斩首之功。
④过：甚至。正：通“政”，统治。
⑤梁：梁国，即(ji)魏(wei)国。
⑥若乃：至于。恶：怎么。
⑦齐威王：齐国国君，姓田，名婴齐。
⑧赴(fu)：同“讣”，报丧(sang)。天(tian)崩地坼：比喻天(tian)子死。坼：裂。下席：新君(jun)离(li)开原来(lai)的(de)宫(gong)室，寝于草席上(shang)守(shou)丧(sang)，以示哀悼。
⑨东藩：指齐国。斮(zhuo)(音zhuo2）：斩(zhan)。
⑩叱嗟：怒斥(chi)声。而(er)：你的。
①宁：难道。
②烹(peng)：煮杀(sha)。醢(音hai3)：剁成肉酱。
③子(zi)：女儿。好(hao)：貌美(mei)。
④脯：把人杀死做成(cheng)肉干(gan)。
⑤牖(you)(you3）里(li)：地名，今河(he)南汤阴北(bei)。库：监狱。 也作"羑(you)里(li)"
⑥策：马鞭。
⑦巡狩：天子出巡。避舍(she)：宫室让(rang)给天子。管键：钥(yao)匙。衽(ren)：衣襟(jin)。几：座旁的小桌子。
⑧涂：同(tong)“途”。邹(zou)：战国时小(xiao)国，今山东邹(zou)县。
⑨主人(ren)必将倍(bei)殡柩：古代(dai)丧礼，主人(ren)在(zai)东，灵柩在(zai)西，正面对着灵柩。天(tian)子来吊，主人(ren)就要背着灵柩。倍(bei)，同“背”。
⑩饭含：人(ren)死后，把(ba)饭放死人(ren)口中称“饭”，把(ba)珠玉放死人(ren)口中称“含”。
○11三晋(jin)：晋(jin)国原(yuan)是春(chun)秋(qiu)强国，后被韩、赵(zhao)、魏(wei)三家瓜分，后因称韩、赵(zhao)、魏(wei)为(wei)三晋(jin)。
○12无已：没有人阻止。
○13谗妾：嫉贤(xian)妒能(neng)的妇人。
①却：撤退。
②适会公子无(wu)忌夺(duo)晋鄙(bi)军：魏(wei)公子无(wu)忌为救赵国，托魏(wei)王爱姬盗得(de)兵(bing)(bing)符，又假传王命，杀晋鄙(bi)夺(duo)兵(bing)(bing)权。
③为鲁(lu)(lu)连寿(shou)：祝(zhu)鲁(lu)(lu)仲连长寿(shou)。
翻译
赵(zhao)(zhao)孝成王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)派(pai)(pai)(pai)白起在(zai)(zai)长(zhang)平(ping)前(qian)后击溃(kui)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)四十万军(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)(dui)，于是(shi)(shi)(shi)，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)军(jun)(jun)(jun)队(dui)(dui)向东挺进，围困了(le)(le)邯郸。赵(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)很(hen)害怕，各国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)救兵也没有谁(shei)敢(gan)攻击秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。魏(wei)(wei)安釐王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)派(pai)(pai)(pai)出将军(jun)(jun)(jun)晋(jin)鄙营救赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，因(yin)为(wei)畏惧秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)，驻扎在(zai)(zai)汤阴不敢(gan)前(qian)进。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)派(pai)(pai)(pai)客籍(ji)将军(jun)(jun)(jun)新(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)，从(cong)隐(yin)蔽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小路进入邯郸，通过平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)关(guan)系见赵(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)所以急于围攻赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)为(wei)以前(qian)和齐(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)争(zheng)强(qiang)称帝，不久(jiu)又(you)取消了(le)(le)帝号;如今齐(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)更加削弱，当今只(zhi)有秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)称雄天(tian)下(xia)(xia)，这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)次围城并不是(shi)(shi)(shi)贪图(tu)邯郸，他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意图(tu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要重新(xin)(xin)称帝。赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)果(guo)真能(neng)派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣使(shi)臣尊(zun)奉(feng)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)帝，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)一定很(hen)高(gao)(gao)兴，就会撤(che)兵离去(qu)(qu)。”平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君犹豫(yu)不能(neng)决断。这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)时，鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连客游赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，正赶上(shang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)围攻邯郸，听说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)想要让赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)尊(zun)奉(feng)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)称帝，就去(qu)(qu)进见平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)件事怎么办？”平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)哪(na)(na)里(li)还敢(gan)谈论(lun)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)样的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大事!前(qian)不久(jiu)，在(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外损失了(le)(le)四十万大军(jun)(jun)(jun)，而今，秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)军(jun)(jun)(jun)打(da)到国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内围困邯郸，又(you)不能(neng)使(shi)之退兵。魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)派(pai)(pai)(pai)客籍(ji)将军(jun)(jun)(jun)新(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)让赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)尊(zun)奉(feng)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)称帝，眼下(xia)(xia)，那个人还在(zai)(zai)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)儿。我(wo)(wo)哪(na)(na)里(li)还敢(gan)谈论(lun)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)样的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大事？”鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“以前(qian)我(wo)(wo)认为(wei)您是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)贤(xian)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)子，今天(tian)我(wo)(wo)才知道您并不是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)贤(xian)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)子。魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客人新(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)在(zai)(zai)哪(na)(na)儿?我(wo)(wo)替您去(qu)(qu)责问(wen)他(ta)并且(qie)让他(ta)回去(qu)(qu)。”平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)愿(yuan)为(wei)您介(jie)(jie)绍，让他(ta)跟先(xian)生相见。”于是(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君见新(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“齐(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有位鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连先(xian)生，如今他(ta)就在(zai)(zai)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)儿，我(wo)(wo)愿(yuan)替您介(jie)(jie)绍，跟将军(jun)(jun)(jun)认识认识。”新(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)听说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连先(xian)生，是(shi)(shi)(shi)齐(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)志行高(gao)(gao)尚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人。我(wo)(wo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣子，奉(feng)命出使(shi)身负职责，我(wo)(wo)不愿(yuan)见鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连先(xian)生。”平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)已经把您在(zai)(zai)这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)儿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消息透(tou)露了(le)(le)。”新(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)只(zhi)好应允(yun)了(le)(le)。
鲁(lu)(lu)仲连(lian)见到(dao)新(xin)(xin)垣(yuan)衍(yan)却一言不(bu)发。新(xin)(xin)垣(yuan)衍(yan)说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)看(kan)留在这(zhei)座围(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)，都(dou)是有求于(yu)平原君(jun)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren);而(er)今，我(wo)(wo)看(kan)先(xian)生(sheng)的(de)(de)尊容(rong)，不(bu)像是有求于(yu)平原君(jun)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，为(wei)(wei)什(shen)么还(hai)长久地留在这(zhei)围(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)之中而(er)不(bu)离(li)去(qu)呢？”鲁(lu)(lu)仲连(lian)说(shuo)(shuo):“世人(ren)(ren)(ren)认为(wei)(wei)鲍焦(jiao)没有博(bo)大(da)的(de)(de)胸怀而(er)死(si)去(qu)，这(zhei)种看(kan)法都(dou)错了(le)。一般人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)了(le)解(jie)他耻居浊世的(de)(de)心意，认为(wei)(wei)他是为(wei)(wei)个人(ren)(ren)(ren)打算。那秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)，是个抛弃(qi)礼(li)仪而(er)只(zhi)崇尚战功的(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家，用权(quan)诈之术对待(dai)士卒，像对待(dai)奴隶(li)一样役使百姓。如果让它(ta)无所(suo)忌惮地恣意称(cheng)帝，进而(er)统治天下(xia)，那么，我(wo)(wo)只(zhi)有跳进东海去(qu)死(si)，我(wo)(wo)不(bu)忍心作它(ta)的(de)(de)顺民，我(wo)(wo)所(suo)以来(lai)见将军，是打算帮(bang)助(zhu)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)啊。”新(xin)(xin)垣(yuan)衍(yan)说(shuo)(shuo):“先(xian)生(sheng)怎么帮(bang)助(zhu)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)呢？”鲁(lu)(lu)仲连(lian)说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)要请魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)燕国(guo)(guo)(guo)帮(bang)助(zhu)它(ta)，齐、楚两国(guo)(guo)(guo)本来(lai)就帮(bang)助(zhu)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)了(le)。”新(xin)(xin)垣(yuan)衍(yan)说(shuo)(shuo):“燕国(guo)(guo)(guo)嘛，我(wo)(wo)相信会(hui)(hui)听从(cong)您的(de)(de);至于(yu)魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)，我(wo)(wo)就是魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，先(xian)生(sheng)怎么能让魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)帮(bang)助(zhu)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)呢？”鲁(lu)(lu)仲连(lian)说(shuo)(shuo):“魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)是因为(wei)(wei)没看(kan)清秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)称(cheng)帝的(de)(de)祸患，才没帮(bang)助(zhu)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。假如魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)看(kan)清秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)称(cheng)帝的(de)(de)祸患后，就一定(ding)会(hui)(hui)帮(bang)助(zhu)赵(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。”
新(xin)(xin)垣衍说(shuo)(shuo):“秦国称帝后会(hui)有(you)什么祸患呢？”鲁(lu)仲连说(shuo)(shuo):“从前，齐(qi)威(wei)王曾经奉行(xing)仁义，率领(ling)天下诸侯而朝(chao)拜(bai)(bai)周天子(zi)。当时，周天子(zi)贫(pin)困又弱(ruo)小，诸侯们(men)没(mei)有(you)谁去朝(chao)拜(bai)(bai)，唯(wei)有(you)齐(qi)国去朝(chao)拜(bai)(bai)。过了一年多，周烈王逝世，齐(qi)王奔丧(sang)去迟(chi)了，新(xin)(xin)继位的(de)周显(xian)王很生气，派人(ren)到齐(qi)国报丧(sang)说(shuo)(shuo): ‘天子(zi)逝世，如同天崩地裂般的(de)大(da)事，新(xin)(xin)继位的(de)天子(zi)也得离开宫殿居(ju)丧(sang)守孝，睡在草席上，东方属国之臣田(tian)婴(ying)齐(qi)居(ju)然(ran)(ran)敢迟(chi)到，当斩。’齐(qi)威(wei)王听了，勃然(ran)(ran)大(da)怒，骂道:‘呸!您母亲(qin)原先还是(shi)个婢女呢！ ’最终被天下传(chuan)为笑(xiao)柄。齐(qi)威(wei)王所以在周天子(zi)活着的(de)时候去朝(chao)见，死了就破口大(da)骂，实在是(shi)忍受不了新(xin)(xin)天子(zi)的(de)苛求啊。那(nei)些(xie)作天子(zi)的(de)本来(lai)就是(shi)这(zhei)个样子(zi)，也没(mei)什么值(zhi)得奇怪的(de)。”
新垣衍(yan)(yan)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“先(xian)(xian)生难(nan)道没见过(guo)奴仆(pu)吗(ma)?十(shi)个(ge)(ge)奴仆(pu)侍奉(feng)一(yi)个(ge)(ge)主人(ren)，难(nan)道是(shi)(shi)(shi)力气(qi)赶(gan)不上(shang)、才智比(bi)不上(shang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)吗(ma)?是(shi)(shi)(shi)害(hai)怕他(ta)(ta)(ta)啊。”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“唉(ai)!魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)和秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)相比(bi)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)像仆(pu)人(ren)吗(ma)？”新垣衍(yan)(yan)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“是(shi)(shi)(shi)。” 鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“那么，我(wo)(wo)就让秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)烹煮魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)剁(duo)成(cheng)肉(rou)酱(jiang)(jiang)?”新垣衍(yan)(yan)很(hen)不高(gao)兴(xing)不服气(qi)地(di)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“哼哼，先(xian)(xian)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话，也太过(guo)分(fen)了(le)!先(xian)(xian)生又(you)怎么能(neng)让秦王(wang)(wang)(wang)烹煮了(le)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)剁(duo)成(cheng)肉(rou)酱(jiang)(jiang)呢?”严鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“当然(ran)能(neng)够(gou)，我(wo)(wo)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)给(ji)(ji)您(nin)(nin)(nin)听。从(cong)前(qian)，九侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、鄂侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)殷(yin)纣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三个(ge)(ge)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。九侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)个(ge)(ge)女(nv)儿(er)长得(de)娇美，把她献给(ji)(ji)殷(yin)纣，殷(yin)纣认为(wei)(wei)她长得(de)丑陋，把九侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)剁(duo)成(cheng)肉(rou)酱(jiang)(jiang)。鄂侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)刚直(zhi)诤谏，激烈(lie)辩白，又(you)把鄂侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)杀死(si)做(zuo)成(cheng)肉(rou)干(gan)。文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)听到(dao)这件事(shi)，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)长长地(di)叹息(xi)，殷(yin)纣又(you)把他(ta)(ta)(ta)囚禁在(zai)(zai)牖里(li)监牢内一(yi)百天(tian)，想要(yao)(yao)他(ta)(ta)(ta)死(si)。为(wei)(wei)什(shen)么和人(ren)家(jia)同样(yang)(yang)(yang)称(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，最终(zhong)落到(dao)被剁(duo)成(cheng)肉(rou)酱(jiang)(jiang)、做(zuo)成(cheng)肉(rou)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)步(bu)呢?齐湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)前(qian)往鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，夷(yi)维(wei)子(zi)(zi)替他(ta)(ta)(ta)赶(gan)着车子(zi)(zi)作(zuo)随员(yuan)(yuan)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)对鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)员(yuan)(yuan)们(men)(men)(men)(men)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘你们(men)(men)(men)(men)准(zhun)备(bei)怎样(yang)(yang)(yang)接(jie)待我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)？’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)员(yuan)(yuan)们(men)(men)(men)(men)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)打(da)算(suan)用于副太牢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礼(li)仪(yi)接(jie)待您(nin)(nin)(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)。’夷(yi)维(wei)子(zi)(zi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘你们(men)(men)(men)(men)这是(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)照哪来的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礼(li)仪(yi)接(jie)待我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)，我(wo)(wo)那国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)啊。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)到(dao)各国(guo)(guo)(guo)巡察(cha)，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)例应迁(qian)出正宫，移居(ju)别处，交(jiao)出钥(yao)匙，撩起衣襟，安(an)(an)排几桌(zhuo)，站在(zai)(zai)堂下伺(si)候天(tian)子(zi)(zi)用膳，天(tian)子(zi)(zi)吃完(wan)后(hou)，才可以(yi)退回朝堂听政理事(shi)。’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)员(yuan)(yuan)听了(le)，就关闭上(shang)锁，不让齐湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)境。齐湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)不能(neng)进入(ru)(ru)(ru)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，打(da)算(suan)借道邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)往薛地(di)。正当这时，邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)逝世(shi)，齐湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)想入(ru)(ru)(ru)境镜吊丧(sang)，夷(yi)维(wei)子(zi)(zi)对邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嗣君(jun)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘天(tian)子(zi)(zi)吊丧(sang)，丧(sang)主一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)把灵(ling)(ling)枢转换(huan)(huan)(huan)方向，在(zai)(zai)南面安(an)(an)放朝北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灵(ling)(ling)位，然(ran)后(hou)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)面向南吊丧(sang)。’邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)大臣(chen)(chen)们(men)(men)(men)(men)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):‘一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)这样(yang)(yang)(yang)，我(wo)(wo)们(men)(men)(men)(men)宁愿(yuan)用剑(jian)自杀。’所以(yi)齐湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)不敢进入(ru)(ru)(ru)邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。邹(zou)、鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)两国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)生前(qian)不能(neng)够(gou)好好地(di)侍奉(feng)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)死(si)后(hou)又(you)不能(neng)周备(bei)地(di)助成(cheng)丧(sang)仪(yi)，然(ran)而想要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)邹(zou)、鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)行天(tian)子(zi)(zi)之礼(li)，邹(zou)、鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)子(zi)(zi)们(men)(men)(men)(men)终(zhong)于拒绝齐湣(min)(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)境。如(ru)今(jin)，秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)拥有(you)(you)万(wan)辆(liang)战(zhan)车的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)拥有(you)(you)万(wan)辆(liang)战(zhan)车的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)。都是(shi)(shi)(shi)万(wan)乘(cheng)大国(guo)(guo)(guo)，又(you)各有(you)(you)称(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名分(fen)，只看(kan)它打(da)了(le)一(yi)次胜仗，就要(yao)(yao)顺从(cong)地(di)拥护它称(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)，这就使得(de)三晋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大臣(chen)(chen)比(bi)不上(shang)邹(zou)、鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奴仆(pu)、卑(bei)妾(qie)了(le)。如(ru)果秦国(guo)(guo)(guo)贪心不足，终(zhong)于称(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)，那么，就会更换(huan)(huan)(huan)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大臣(chen)(chen)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)将要(yao)(yao)罢免(mian)他(ta)(ta)(ta)认为(wei)(wei)不肖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，换(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)认为(wei)(wei)贤能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，罢免(mian)他(ta)(ta)(ta)憎(zeng)恶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，换(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)所喜爱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)。还要(yao)(yao)让他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儿(er)女(nv)和搬弄事(shi)非的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姬妄，嫁(jia)给(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)做(zuo)妃姬，住在(zai)(zai)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宫廷里(li)，魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)怎么能(neng)够(gou)安(an)(an)安(an)(an)定定地(di)生活(huo)呢?而将军您(nin)(nin)(nin)又(you)怎么能(neng)够(gou)得(de)到(dao)原先(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宠信呢？”
于是(shi)，新垣(yuan)衍站(zhan)起(qi)来，向鲁仲连连拜两次谢罪说:“当初(chu)认为先(xian)生(sheng)是(shi)个(ge)(ge)普(pu)通的(de)人，我今天才(cai)知道先(xian)生(sheng)是(shi)天下杰出的(de)高士。我将(jiang)(jiang)离开(kai)赵国，再不敢(gan)谈秦(qin)王(wang)称帝的(de)事了(le)。”秦(qin)军(jun)主将(jiang)(jiang)听到这个(ge)(ge)消息(xi)，为此把军(jun)队后撤了(le)五十(shi)里(li)。恰好魏公子无忌夺得了(le)晋鄙的(de)军(jun)权率领军(jun)队来援救赵国，攻击(ji)秦(qin)军(jun)，秦(qin)军(jun)也就撤离邯郸回(hui)去了(le)。
于是(shi)平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)要封赏鲁仲(zhong)(zhong)连，鲁仲(zhong)(zhong)连再三辞(ci)让，最(zui)终(zhong)也不肯接受。平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)就设宴招待(dai)他(ta)，喝道酒酣耳热时，平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)起身向(xiang)前(qian)，献(xian)上千(qian)金(jin)酬(chou)谢(xie)鲁仲(zhong)(zhong)连。鲁仲(zhong)(zhong)连笑(xiao)着说:“杰(jie)出之士之所以(yi)被天下人崇尚，是(shi)因为(wei)他(ta)们能替人排(pai)除祸患，消释灾难(nan)，解决纠纷(fen)而不取报酬(chou)。如(ru)果收取酬(chou)劳，那就成了生意人的行为(wei)，我鲁仲(zhong)(zhong)连是(shi)不忍心那样做的。”于是(shi)辞(ci)别平(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)走了，终(zhong)身不再相见(jian)。
背景说明
赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)孝成王(wang)六年(nian)（前260年(nian)），秦于长平(ping)(ping)大败(bai)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)军，秦将(jiang)白(bai)起坑杀赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)卒四十余万(wan)，诸(zhu)侯震(zhen)惊。前258年(nian)，为(wei)了(le)达到(dao)称帝的(de)目的(de)，扩张疆土，秦军包围了(le)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国的(de)都城邯(han)郸。魏(wei)安(an)釐王(wang)得到(dao)这个消(xiao)息后急(ji)忙派大将(jiang)晋鄙火速驰援赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国。秦昭襄(xiang)王(wang)得知魏(wei)出兵救(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，写信恐吓魏(wei)王(wang)，扬言谁救(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)先攻(gong)击(ji)谁。魏(wei)王(wang)收信后救(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)决心发生动(dong)摇，命令晋鄙留兵于邺（河北滋(zi)县南；另一说是汤阴）。既摆(bai)出救(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)姿态，又(you)不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)贸然采取行动(dong)。他还派魏(wei)将(jiang)辛垣衍秘密潜入邯(han)郸，想通过赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)相平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)(jun)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)胜说服(fu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)孝成王(wang)一起尊(zun)秦为(wei)帝，以屈辱换和平(ping)(ping)，以解邯(han)郸燃眉之急(ji)。平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)君(jun)(jun)在内(nei)忧(you)外(wai)患灾祸(huo)频仍(reng)的(de)情况下，心急(ji)如(ru)焚，束手无(wu)策(ce)，形势岌岌可危。鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连主动(dong)去见新(xin)垣衍，用具体(ti)的(de)事例作比(bi)，生动(dong)形象(xiang)而又(you)透辟地阐(chan)明了(le)抽象(xiang)的(de)道(dao)理，指陈帝秦的(de)弊害(hai)，终於让“使(shi)事有职”不(bu)(bu)愿会见鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连的(de)新(xin)垣衍拜服(fu)，不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)复言帝秦。而“秦将(jiang)闻之，为(wei)却军五十里(li)。”
鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)，又名鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)子(zi)，鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)子(zi)，鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)和(he)鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)，是(shi)(shi)战国(guo)末年(nian)(nian)齐国(guo)稷下学派后(hou)期(qi)代表人(ren)物(wu)，著名的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)民(min)思想(xiang)家(jia)、辩论家(jia)和(he)卓(zhuo)越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)社会活动家(jia)。鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)卒年(nian)(nian)月不(bu)(bu)见史(shi)(shi)籍，据钱穆先生(sheng)推算是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)元前305年(nian)(nian)至公(gong)(gong)元前245年(nian)(nian)。鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)的(de)(de)(de)籍贯亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)可考(kao)，司马迁在其(qi)《史(shi)(shi)记》中仅记为(wei)(wei)“齐人(ren)”。据后(hou)人(ren)考(kao)证，鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)是(shi)(shi)今天(tian)聊城市荏平(ping)县(xian)王老乡望鲁(lu)(lu)店人(ren)。他(ta)“好(hao)奇伟倜傥(tang)之画策，而不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)仕(shi)宦任职(zhi)，好(hao)持高节”，胸罗奇想(xiang)，志节不(bu)(bu)凡，他(ta)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)排除患(huan)难、解(jie)(jie)决(jue)纷(fen)乱而一无所取。游于赵(zhao)国(guo)，适秦师(shi)围赵(zhao)，鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)义不(bu)(bu)帝秦，面折辩者。邯郸解(jie)(jie)围，平(ping)原(yuan)君欲封鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)，“辞让者三(san)，终不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)受”。以千金为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)寿，鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)笑而谢之。他(ta)飘然(ran)远举、不(bu)(bu)受羁絏、放浪形骸的(de)(de)(de)性格，为(wei)(wei)后(hou)世所传诵。
周昙《全唐诗·春秋战国门(men)·鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连》：“昔(xi)迸烧(shao)牛(niu)发(fa)战机(ji)，夜(ye)奔惊火走燕(yan)师(shi)。今来跃马怀骄惰，十万如无一撮时(shi)。”
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