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虞师晋师灭夏阳

虞师晋师灭夏阳

《穀梁传》

【作(zuo)(zuo)者小传(chuan)】本篇节选自《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)传(chuan)》。《穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)传(chuan)》是《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》三传(chuan)之(zhi)一(yi),它(ta)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)者,《汉书(shu)·艺文(wen)志(zhi)》班(ban)固自注署为(wei)鲁人穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)子;唐杨士勋(xun)说他名(ming)(ming)俶,字元(yuan)始,一(yi)名(ming)(ming)赤(chi);颜(yan)师古(gu)说他名(ming)(ming)喜;另外还有名(ming)(ming)嘉、名(ming)(ming)淑、名(ming)(ming)寊(zhen)的(de)(de)各(ge)种说法。清(qing)(qing)阮(ruan)元(yuan)以为(wei)当作(zuo)(zuo)淑。穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)子和公(gong)羊(yang)高都受(shou)学于子夏,《穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)传(chuan)》和《公(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)》体裁(cai)特点也(ye)相似。原(yuan)来经、传(chuan)是分别成书(shu)的(de)(de),今(jin)本《穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)传(chuan)》经、传(chuan)合并,传(chuan)文(wen)逐句(ju)传(chuan)述经文(wen)大(da)义(yi)。如本篇第(di)一(yi)句(ju)“虞师、晋师灭夏阳(yang)”是《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》经文(wen)中的(de)(de)一(yi)句(ju),后面部分是《穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)传(chuan)》的(de)(de)传(chuan)文(wen)。《四库全书(shu)总目》以为(wei)《穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)传(chuan)》与《公(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)》一(yi)样(yang),也(ye)是穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)子初传(chuan),经数世才由后学著作(zuo)(zuo)成书(shu)的(de)(de)。也(ye)许(xu)穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)子歧名(ming)(ming)这么多(duo)即与此有关。晋范(fan)宁评《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》三传(chuan)的(de)(de)各(ge)自特色说:“《左氏》艳而富(fu),其失也(ye)巫(指多(duo)叙(xu)鬼神之(zhi)事)。《穀(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)》清(qing)(qing)而婉(wan),其失也(ye)短。《公(gong)羊(yang)》辩而裁(cai),其失也(ye)俗。”清(qing)(qing)而婉(wan),就(jiu)是清(qing)(qing)通而含蓄。

【题 解(jie)】鲁僖公(gong)二年(公(gong)元(yuan)前658),晋(jin)献公(gong)准(zhun)备伐虢。虞(yu)国地处晋(jin)、虢之(zhi)间(jian),若绕道(dao)则受阻于中条山。献公(gong)听从荀息之(zhi)计,以重礼贿虞(yu)君(jun),借道(dao)伐虢。虞(yu)、虢都(dou)是小国,虞(yu)贤臣宫之(zhi)奇看(kan)出晋(jin)国居心不(bu)良,有各个(ge)击破(po)、一(yi)箭(jian)双(shuang)雕的用意,劝谏(jian)虞(yu)君(jun)不(bu)要上当。虞(yu)君(jun)不(bu)但(dan)不(bu)听,而且自告(gao)奋勇愿出兵开路(lu)打(da)头阵,帮助晋(jin)国攻下了(le)(le)虢邑夏阳(yang)。这以后的事,《穀(gu)梁(liang)(liang)传(chuan)(chuan)》所(suo)述(shu)与(yu)《左传(chuan)(chuan)》有点不(bu)同。《穀(gu)梁(liang)(liang)传(chuan)(chuan)》以为晋(jin)国当年就(jiu)灭(mie)了(le)(le)虢国,五年以后又灭(mie)虞(yu)。《左传(chuan)(chuan)》则以为晋(jin)拿下下阳(yang)(即夏阳(yang))以后仅作为据(ju)点,未即灭(mie)虢。三年以后,晋(jin)师再(zai)次假道(dao)虞(yu)国,挥军南(nan)下,灭(mie)了(le)(le)虢国,还师途(tu)中把虞(yu)国也灭(mie)了(le)(le)。虞(yu)君(jun)终于做了(le)(le)俘虏。《穀(gu)梁(liang)(liang)传(chuan)(chuan)》用简炼的语言述(shu)评(ping)了(le)(le)这一(yi)历史事件,深刻(ke)地说明了(le)(le)“唇亡齿寒”的道(dao)理。

【原文】

“虞师、晉(jin)师灭夏阳(yang)(1)。”

非国(guo)(guo)(guo)而(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)灭(mie),重(zhong)夏阳也(ye)(ye)(ye)。虞(yu)(yu)(yu)无师,其曰(yue)师,何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?以其先(xian)晉(jin),不(bu)(bu)可以不(bu)(bu)言师也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其先(xian)晉(jin)何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?为主乎(hu)(hu)灭(mie)夏阳也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夏阳者,虞(yu)(yu)(yu)、虢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塞(sai)邑(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。灭(mie)夏阳而(er)(er)(er)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)、虢举矣(2)。虞(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为主乎(hu)(hu)灭(mie)夏阳何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?晉(jin)献(xian)公(gong)欲伐虢(3),荀(xun)息(xi)(xi)(xi)曰(yue)(4):“君(jun)(jun)何(he)不(bu)(bu)以屈产之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乘(5)、垂棘(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)璧(6),而(er)(er)(er)借(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)乎(hu)(hu)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?”公(gong)曰(yue):“此晉(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宝(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)(ru)受吾(wu)币而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)借(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)吾(wu)道(dao)(dao)(dao),则(ze)(ze)如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)?”荀(xun)息(xi)(xi)(xi)曰(yue):“此小国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以事大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼不(bu)(bu)借(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)吾(wu)道(dao)(dao)(dao),必不(bu)(bu)敢受吾(wu)币。如(ru)(ru)受吾(wu)币而(er)(er)(er)借(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)吾(wu)道(dao)(dao)(dao),则(ze)(ze)是(shi)我取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)府(7),而(er)(er)(er)藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)府,取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)厩,而(er)(er)(er)置(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)厩也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”公(gong)曰(yue):“宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)(qi)存焉(8),必不(bu)(bu)使(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”荀(xun)息(xi)(xi)(xi)曰(yue):“宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为人也(ye)(ye)(ye),达(da)心而(er)(er)(er)懦(nuo),又(you)少(shao)长于(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)。达(da)心则(ze)(ze)其言略,懦(nuo)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)强(qiang)谏,少(shao)长于(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun),则(ze)(ze)君(jun)(jun)轻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。且夫玩好(hao)在(zai)(zai)耳目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),而(er)(er)(er)患(huan)在(zai)(zai)一国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),此中(zhong)知(zhi)以上(shang)乃能(neng)虑(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。臣料(liao)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)君(jun)(jun)中(zhong)知(zhi)以下也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”公(gong)遂(sui)借(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)伐虢。宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)(qi)谏曰(yue):“晉(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)者,其辞卑而(er)(er)(er)幣重(zhong),必不(bu)(bu)便于(yu)(yu)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)。”虞(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)弗听,遂(sui)受其幣,而(er)(er)(er)借(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)(qi)又(you)谏曰(yue):“语曰(yue):‘唇亡齿寒。’其斯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓与!”挈(qie)其妻、子以奔曹(9)。献(xian)公(gong)亡虢,五年而(er)(er)(er)后(hou)举虞(yu)(yu)(yu)。荀(xun)息(xi)(xi)(xi)牵马(ma)操璧而(er)(er)(er)前(qian)曰(yue):“璧则(ze)(ze)犹是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)马(ma)齿加长矣(10)。”

选(xuan)自《十三经注疏(shu)》本《春秋穀梁传》  

(《春秋》记载:)“虞师(shi)、晋师(shi)灭夏阳。”

【译文】

不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)而(er)(er)说(shuo)(shuo)灭(mie),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)看重夏(xia)(xia)阳。虞国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)军(jun)队不(bu)足一(yi)(yi)个(ge)师,《春(chun)秋(qiu)》说(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)师,为(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么(me)呢(ni)?因为(wei)(wei)(wei)虞国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)写(xie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian),不(bu)可以不(bu)说(shuo)(shuo)师。它(ta)(ta)写(xie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么(me)呢(ni)?灭(mie)夏(xia)(xia)阳是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)(ta)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)。夏(xia)(xia)阳,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虞、虢(guo)交界(jie)处虢(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)要(yao)(yao)塞(sai)。夏(xia)(xia)阳一(yi)(yi)失,虞、虢(guo)两国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)可占领了(le)(le)(le)(le)。虞国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么(me)要(yao)(yao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)灭(mie)夏(xia)(xia)阳呢(ni)?晋(jin)(jin)(jin)献(xian)(xian)公(gong)想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)讨伐(fa)虢(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),荀(xun)息(xi)说(shuo)(shuo):“君(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)什(shen)么(me)不(bu)用北屈出(chu)(chu)产(chan)的(de)马(ma),垂棘出(chu)(chu)产(chan)的(de)璧,向虞国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)借(jie)(jie)路(lu)(lu)呢(ni)?”献(xian)(xian)公(gong)说(shuo)(shuo):“这是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宝,如果受了(le)(le)(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)的(de)礼物而(er)(er)不(bu)借(jie)(jie)路(lu)(lu)给(ji)我(wo)(wo),那(nei)又(you)拿(na)它(ta)(ta)怎(zen)么(me)办?”荀(xun)息(xi)说(shuo)(shuo):“这些东(dong)西是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)用来(lai)(lai)服事大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)。它(ta)(ta)不(bu)借(jie)(jie)路(lu)(lu)给(ji)我(wo)(wo)们(men),一(yi)(yi)定不(bu)敢(gan)接受我(wo)(wo)们(men)的(de)礼物。如受了(le)(le)(le)(le)我(wo)(wo)们(men)的(de)礼而(er)(er)借(jie)(jie)路(lu)(lu)给(ji)我(wo)(wo)们(men),那(nei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)(wo)们(men)从(cong)里(li)(li)面的(de)库(ku)藏里(li)(li)拿(na)出(chu)(chu)来(lai)(lai),而(er)(er)藏在(zai)(zai)(zai)外面的(de)库(ku)藏里(li)(li),从(cong)里(li)(li)面的(de)马(ma)房里(li)(li)拿(na)出(chu)(chu)来(lai)(lai),而(er)(er)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)外面的(de)马(ma)房里(li)(li)。”献(xian)(xian)公(gong)说(shuo)(shuo):“宫(gong)(gong)之(zhi)奇在(zai)(zai)(zai),一(yi)(yi)定不(bu)让的(de)。”荀(xun)息(xi)说(shuo)(shuo):“宫(gong)(gong)之(zhi)奇的(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren),心里(li)(li)明(ming)白(bai),可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)怯(qie)懦,又(you)比虞君(jun)大(da)不(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)几(ji)岁(sui)。心里(li)(li)明(ming)白(bai),话就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)说(shuo)(shuo)得简短,怯(qie)懦就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)能拚(pan)命谏(jian)阻,比虞君(jun)大(da)不(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)几(ji)岁(sui),虞君(jun)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)尊重他(ta)。再加上(shang)(shang)珍玩心爱的(de)东(dong)西就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)耳(er)目(mu)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian),而(er)(er)灾祸(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家之(zhi)后,这一(yi)(yi)点要(yao)(yao)有中等智(zhi)力以上(shang)(shang)的(de)人(ren)(ren)才能考(kao)虑到。臣料想(xiang)虞君(jun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中等智(zhi)力以下的(de)人(ren)(ren)。”献(xian)(xian)公(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)借(jie)(jie)路(lu)(lu)征伐(fa)虢(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。宫(gong)(gong)之(zhi)奇劝谏(jian)说(shuo)(shuo):“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)使(shi)者(zhe)言辞(ci)谦卑而(er)(er)礼物隆重,一(yi)(yi)定对(dui)虞国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)没有好处。”虞公(gong)不(bu)听(ting),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)接受了(le)(le)(le)(le)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)礼物而(er)(er)借(jie)(jie)路(lu)(lu)给(ji)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。宫(gong)(gong)之(zhi)奇又(you)谏(jian)道(dao):“俗语(yu)说(shuo)(shuo):‘唇(chun)亡齿寒。’岂不(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)说(shuo)(shuo)的(de)这件(jian)事吗!”他(ta)带领自己(ji)的(de)老(lao)婆孩子(zi)投(tou)奔到曹国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。晋(jin)(jin)(jin)献(xian)(xian)公(gong)灭(mie)了(le)(le)(le)(le)虢(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),五(wu)年以后占领了(le)(le)(le)(le)虞国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。荀(xun)息(xi)牵着马(ma)捧着璧,走(zou)上(shang)(shang)前(qian)(qian)来(lai)(lai)说(shuo)(shuo):“璧还是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)这样,而(er)(er)马(ma)的(de)牙(ya)齿增(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”

(王维堤)

【注 释】

(1)虞(yu):周(zhou)文王时就(jiu)已建(jian)立的(de)(de)姬(ji)姓(xing)小(xiao)国(guo),在(zai)(zai)今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)陆(lu)县(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)。晋(jin):西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)始封(feng)姬(ji)姓(xing)国(guo),晋(jin)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)时都于(yu)(yu)绛(今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)翼城县(xian)(xian)(xian)东(dong)南)。师(shi):可(ke)泛指军(jun)队(dui)(dui),也(ye)可(ke)专(zhuan)指古(gu)代军(jun)队(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)编制单位。《荀(xun)子(zi)·礼论》:“师(shi)旅有制。”五(wu)百(bai)(bai)人为(wei)(wei)(wei)旅,五(wu)旅为(wei)(wei)(wei)师(shi)。下(xia)(xia)面传(chuan)文说“虞(yu)无(wu)师(shi)”,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)专(zhuan)指二千五(wu)百(bai)(bai)人的(de)(de)军(jun)队(dui)(dui)编制。夏阳(yang)(yang):虢(guo)邑(yi)(yi),在(zai)(zai)今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)陆(lu)县(xian)(xian)(xian)东(dong)北(bei)约三(san)十五(wu)里。《左(zuo)传(chuan)》作下(xia)(xia)阳(yang)(yang),因另有上(shang)阳(yang)(yang),以作下(xia)(xia)阳(yang)(yang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)。夏、下(xia)(xia)同(tong)音通假(jia)。 (2)虢(guo):周(zhou)初始封(feng)姬(ji)姓(xing)国(guo),有东(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)虢(guo)之分,东(dong)虢(guo)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)虢(guo)已先亡于(yu)(yu)郑(zheng)、秦。晋(jin)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)所伐为(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)虢(guo),占地当今河南三(san)门峡和山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)平(ping)陆(lu)一(yi)带,建(jian)都上(shang)阳(yang)(yang)(今河南陕(shan)县(xian)(xian)(xian)李家窑村(cun))。举(ju):攻克(ke),占领(ling)。 (3)晋(jin)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)(?前651):名诡诸,晋(jin)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi),在(zai)(zai)位二十六年(nian)。在(zai)(zai)此期间伐灭了周(zhou)围一(yi)些小(xiao)国(guo),为(wei)(wei)(wei)其子(zi)晋(jin)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)称霸打下(xia)(xia)了基础。据《史记·晋(jin)世家》,晋(jin)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)伐虢(guo)的(de)(de)借口是(shi)(shi)虢(guo)国(guo)在(zai)(zai)晋(jin)国(guo)内乱中(zhong)支持了他先君(jun)的(de)(de)政(zheng)敌。 (4)荀(xun)息(?前651):晋(jin)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)最亲信的(de)(de)大夫(fu),食邑(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)荀(xun),亦称荀(xun)叔。献公(gong)(gong)(gong)病(bing)危时以荀(xun)息为(wei)(wei)(wei)相托以国(guo)政(zheng),献公(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)后在(zai)(zai)宫(gong)廷政(zheng)变(bian)中(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)里克(ke)所杀。 (5)屈(qu):即(ji)北(bei)屈(qu),晋(jin)地名,在(zai)(zai)今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)吉县(xian)(xian)(xian)东(dong)北(bei)。乘(shèng胜):古(gu)以一(yi)车(che)四马(ma)称为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)乘。这里专(zhuan)指马(ma)。 (6)垂(chui)棘:晋(jin)地名,在(zai)(zai)今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)潞(lu)城县(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)。 (7)府(fu):古(gu)时国(guo)家收藏财物、文书的(de)(de)地方。 (8)宫(gong)之奇:虞(yu)大夫(fu),刘(liu)向(xiang)《说苑(yuan)·尊(zun)贤》说:“虞(yu)有宫(gong)之奇,晋(jin)献公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之终死(si)不寐。” (9)曹:西(xi)(xi)(xi)周(zhou)始封(feng)姬(ji)姓(xing)国(guo),都陶丘(今山(shan)东(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)定(ding)陶县(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南)。 (10)马(ma)齿:马(ma)每(mei)岁增生一(yi)齿。加(jia)长(zhang)(zhǎng掌):增添(tian)。

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