诸稽郢行成于吴
吴王夫(fu)差起师伐越(yue),越(yue)王勾践起师逆之江。
大夫(fu)(fu)种乃(nai)献谋曰:“夫(fu)(fu)吴(wu)之(zhi)与越,唯天所(suo)授,王其(qi)无庸战。夫(fu)(fu)申胥(xu)、华(hua)登,简服吴(wu)国之(zhi)士于甲(jia)兵,而(er)未尝有所(suo)挫也。夫(fu)(fu)一人善射,百夫(fu)(fu)决(jue)拾(shi),胜未可(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。夫(fu)(fu)谋必(bi)素见成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)事焉,而(er)后履之(zhi),不可(ke)以(yi)(yi)授命(ming)。王不如设戎,约辞行成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),以(yi)(yi)喜其(qi)民,以(yi)(yi)广侈吴(wu)王之(zhi)心(xin)。吾以(yi)(yi)卜之(zhi)于天,天若(ruo)弃吴(wu),必(bi)许(xu)吾成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)而(er)不吾足也,将必(bi)宽然有伯诸侯(hou)之(zhi)心(xin)焉;既罢弊其(qi)民,而(er)天夺之(zhi)食,安受其(qi)烬,乃(nai)无有命(ming)矣。”
越王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)许诺,乃命(ming)诸(zhu)稽郢行(xing)成于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)吴,曰:“寡君(jun)勾践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)使(shi)下(xia)臣郢,不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)显然(ran)布币(bi)行(xing)礼,敢(gan)私告于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)执事曰:‘昔者,越国见祸,得罪(zui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亲(qin)(qin)趋玉趾,以(yi)心孤句践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),而(er)又(you)宥赦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)越也(ye)(ye)(ye),繄(yi)起(qi)死人而(er)肉白骨也(ye)(ye)(ye)。孤不(bu)(bu)敢(gan)忘(wang)天灾,其敢(gan)忘(wang)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)赐乎?今(jin)勾践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)申祸无良,草(cao)鄙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,敢(gan)忘(wang)天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)德,而(er)思边陲(chui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小怨(yuan),以(yi)重(zhong)得罪(zui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)执事?勾践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用帅二三之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)老,亲(qin)(qin)委重(zhong)罪(zui),顿颡于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)边。今(jin)君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)察,盛怒属兵,将残伐越国。越国固(gu)贡(gong)献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑也(ye)(ye)(ye),君(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)鞭箠使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)辱军士(shi),使(shi)寇令焉(yan)!勾践(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)请(qing)盟。一介嫡女,执箕帚以(yi)晐姓于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)宫;一介嫡男(nan),奉盘匜(yi)以(yi)随诸(zhu)御(yu)。春(chun)秋贡(gong)献,不(bu)(bu)解于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)府。天王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)岂辱裁(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?亦征诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”
夫谚曰:“‘狐埋之而(er)狐搰之,是以(yi)(yi)无成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)。’今天(tian)王(wang)(wang)既封殖越国,以(yi)(yi)明闻于天(tian)下,而(er)又刈亡之,是天(tian)王(wang)(wang)之无成(cheng)(cheng)劳也。虽四(si)方(fang)之诸侯,则何(he)实以(yi)(yi)事吴?敢使下臣尽辞(ci),唯天(tian)王(wang)(wang)秉利(li)度义焉!”
注释
①逆:迎战。②大夫(fu)种(zhong):即(ji)(ji)文种(zhong),越国大夫(fu)。庸:用(yong)。③申胥:即(ji)(ji)伍子胥,封(feng)于(yu)申,故又称申胥。华登:吴国大夫(fu)。简(jian)服:训(xun)练。挫:败(bai)。④决拾:射(she)箭用(yong)具(ju)。⑤素:预先。履:实行。授(shou)命:拼(pin)命。⑥约辞(ci):委婉(wan)的(de)言辞(ci)。行成:求和。⑦广侈:扩张(zhang),使其生骄(jiao)心(xin)。⑧不吾足:不把我们放(fang)在(zai)心(xin)上。⑨伯:通(tong)“霸”,称霸。⑩罢:通(tong)“疲”,疲劳。○11烬(jin):灰烬(jin)。
①诸(zhu)(zhu)稽郢:越国大人。②币(bi):礼品。下(xia)执事:供役使的(de)人。③天王(wang):对吴王(wang)夫(fu)差的(de)尊(zun)称(cheng)。得罪:指勾践射伤(shang)吴王(wang)之父阖闾。④亲趋玉趾:亲劳大驾(jia)。孤:舍弃。⑤繄:就(jiu)是(shi)。⑥边陲:边境。⑦用:因此。老(lao):老(lao)臣。顿颡:叩(kou)头直(zhi)至额触地(di)。⑧属:会集(ji)。残伐(fa):杀伐(fa)。⑨鞭箠:鞭子。寇(kou)令(ling):抵御盗寇(kou)的(de)命令(ling)。⑩箕帚:畚(ben)箕、笤帚。晐(gai)姓:贡(gong)纳(na)诸(zhu)(zhu)姓妇子到(dao)天子之宫。槃(pan)匜:洗手脸(lian)的(de)用具。解:同“懈”。11辱:谦(qian)词。征诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou):向诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)征税。12搰:掘出。13封殖:培(pei)植。这是(shi)以(yi)草(cao)木自比。14刈:芟草(cao)。15实(shi):信实(shi)。秉(bing):拿,执。度:衡(heng)量(liang)。
译文
吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)夫差出兵(bing)(bing)攻越(yue),越(yue)王(wang)(wang)勾践带兵(bing)(bing)迎(ying)击。大(da)(da)夫文种献计说:“吴(wu)(wu)(wu)越(yue)谁存谁亡,只(zhi)看天(tian)(tian)意如(ru)何,用不(bu)着打仗(zhang)了。伍子胥和华登练出来的(de)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo)士兵(bing)(bing),从来没打过败仗(zhang),只(zhi)要(yao)有一人精于射箭(jian),就(jiu)会(hui)有百人拉(la)起弓(gong)弦(xian)练习。我们很难战胜(sheng)他啊。凡是(shi)谋(mou)划一件事情(qing),必须预见到成功才实行,决不(bu)可轻(qing)易拼(pin)命(ming)。君王(wang)(wang)不(bu)如(ru)保全兵(bing)(bing)力,严守阵(zhen)地,用谦(qian)卑的(de)言辞向吴(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo)求和,让(rang)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)民高(gao)兴,让(rang)吴(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)的(de)野心一天(tian)(tian)天(tian)(tian)膨胀。我们可由此占卜天(tian)(tian)意,果真天(tian)(tian)弃吴(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo),吴(wu)(wu)(wu)人定会(hui)答应议和,不(bu)把(ba)我国(guo)放在眼里(li),而放心大(da)(da)胆去(qu)(qu)中原(yuan)争霸。等他百姓疲惫(bei)了,再遇上天(tian)(tian)灾歉收,我们稳稳当当去(qu)(qu)收拾(shi)残局,吴(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo)就(jiu)失去(qu)(qu)上天(tian)(tian)的(de)保佑了。”
越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)同(tong)意了(le),派诸(zhu)(zhu)稽郢向(xiang)吴求(qiu)和(he)(he),说:“敝国(guo)(guo)君主勾(gou)践,派遣(qian)小(xiao)臣(chen)诸(zhu)(zhu)稽郢前(qian)来,不(bu)敢公然献上(shang)玉帛,在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)驾(jia)前(qian)行(xing)礼(li),只好冒昧的(de)私下向(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)左右的(de)官(guan)员说:从前(qian),越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)不(bu)幸冒犯(fan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)亲(qin)(qin)自出(chu)(chu)动玉趾,本来打算灭我(wo)勾(gou)践,又(you)宽恕了(le)我(wo)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)对我(wo)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)的(de)恩德(de)(de),真是(shi)让(rang)死人复活,让(rang)白骨(gu)生(sheng)肌,我(wo)勾(gou)践既不(bu)敢忘记(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)降(jiang)的(de)灾祸(huo),又(you)怎(zen)敢忘记(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)厚赐呢?如今(jin)(jin)(jin)我(wo)勾(gou)践既因无德(de)(de)而重遭天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祸(huo),我(wo)们这(zhei)些草野(ye)的(de)鄙贱之(zhi)人,又(you)怎(zen)敢忘记(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)大德(de)(de),只因边(bian)境(jing)的(de)小(xiao)怨而耿(geng)耿(geng)于怀,以至(zhi)再(zai)次得罪天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)左右呢?勾(gou)践因此率(lv)领几(ji)个老臣(chen),亲(qin)(qin)自承担(dan)重罪,在(zai)(zai)边(bian)境(jing)上(shang)叩着(zhe)响头。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)未(wei)了(le)解下情,勃然大怒(nu),出(chu)(chu)兵(bing)讨伐(fa)。越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)本来就是(shi)向(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)称臣(chen)进贡的(de)城邑啊(a),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)用鞭子驱使(shi)(shi)它,却使(shi)(shi)您(nin)尊贵的(de)将(jiang)士们受屈(qu),来执行(xing)讨伐(fa),更使(shi)(shi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo)不(bu)安了(le)。因此勾(gou)践请求(qiu)盟约(yue)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)送来一(yi)个嫡生(sheng)的(de)女儿,在(zai)(zai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)宫(gong)拿着(zhe)簸箕扫帚(zhou);还送来一(yi)个嫡生(sheng)的(de)儿子,捧着(zhe)盘子和(he)(he)脸盆,随(sui)同(tong)侍卫们服侍天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。春秋(qiu)两季,向(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)府库进贡,决不(bu)丝(si)毫懈怠。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)又(you)何必御(yu)驾(jia)亲(qin)(qin)征?这(zhei)本是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子向(xiang)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯征税(shui)之(zhi)礼(li)啊(a)!谚语(yu)说:‘狐狸埋下它,狐狸又(you)扒出(chu)(chu)来,所以劳(lao)而无功。’如今(jin)(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)既已扶植了(le)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo)(guo),您(nin)的(de)明智已传(chuan)遍天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下;倘又(you)消灭它,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)岂不(bu)也是(shi)劳(lao)而无功吗(ma)?如何使(shi)(shi)四(si)方(fang)的(de)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯信(xin)服吴国(guo)(guo)呢?因此命我(wo)下臣(chen)把话(hua)儿说清楚,请天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)就利和(he)(he)义两方(fang)面多加权(quan)衡吧!”
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