爱上海

邵西①仁兄(xiong)大人阁(ge)下：

去冬(dong)曾上一(yi)函(han)，所(suo)(suo)言多(duo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)，得(de)(de)书解责，中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)(xin)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)言，诚(cheng)(cheng)自知其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当(dang)。袁(yuan)氏笼络(luo)名士，如王、梁、章、樊诸人(ren)②，均堕其术中(zhong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)联想及兄。其实(shi)兄尚非今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)谓名士也(ye)(ye)。事(shi)务(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)，固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同乘权借势之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)选，而(er)兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)处，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)编书，犹是(shi)书生(sheng)事(shi)业③，并(bing)(bing)(bing)事(shi)务(wu)官(guan)而(er)无之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，于(yu)进(jin)退之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义何有(you)(you)？此(ci)弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)妄(wang)言也(ye)(ye)。辱教：学宜自造，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必因人(ren)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)情求全而(er)去偏。此(ci)诸义者，皆(jie)书诸绅矣(yi)(yi)。又(you)(you)嘱以(yi)(yi)(yi)常(chang)常(chang)通信，心(xin)(xin)(xin)中(zhong)无所(suo)(suo)见，有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)，又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足质诸左右(you)，增笔墨栽(zai)〈裁(cai)〉答之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劳。今夏阅报，见兄“以(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)语易国(guo)文”一(yi)文〔4〕，私(si)意(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尽谓然(ran)(ran)，拟发所(suo)(suo)见，以(yi)(yi)(yi)资(zi)商榷(que)。又(you)(you)念于(yu)此(ci)道(dao)并(bing)(bing)(bing)无研(yan)究，一(yi)隅(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见，自以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)是(shi)者，未必果是(shi)，为(wei)此(ci)而(er)止。今乃有(you)(you)进(jin)者：古称(cheng)三达德(de)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、仁(ren)与勇(yong)并(bing)(bing)(bing)举(ju)〔5〕。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教育学者以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)配德(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三言。诚(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)寄，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)外(wai)于(yu)身(shen)(shen)；智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁(ren)体(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)，非勇(yong)无以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)用。且观(guan)自来(lai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)永寿者，未必其数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)短也(ye)(ye)，或(huo)亦(yi)(yi)其身(shen)(shen)体(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弱(ruo)然(ran)(ran)尔(er)。颜子(zi)〔6〕则(ze)(ze)早夭矣(yi)(yi)；贾生(sheng)〔7〕，王佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才，死(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年才三十三耳；王勃、卢照(zhao)邻〔8〕或(huo)早死(si)(si)，或(huo)坐废。此(ci)皆(jie)有(you)(you)甚(shen)高之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)与智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)旦身(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)存(cun)，德(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)随(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)隳(hui)矣(yi)(yi)！夫人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)生(sheng)，所(suo)(suo)乐(le)(le)所(suo)(suo)事(shi)，夫曰实(shi)现(xian)。世(shi)界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)有(you)(you)本(ben)体(ti)(ti)，血肉虽死(si)(si)，心(xin)(xin)(xin)灵不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)死(si)(si)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在寿命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长短，而(er)在成功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)寡。此(ci)其言固矣(yi)(yi)。然(ran)(ran)苟身(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)全，则(ze)(ze)先(xian)已不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足自乐(le)(le)于(yu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)，本(ben)实(shi)先(xian)拨矣(yi)(yi)。反观(guan)世(shi)事(shi)，何者可(ke)(ke)(ke)欣(xin)？观(guan)卢升(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)集，而(er)知其痛心(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极矣(yi)(yi)。昔者圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自卫其生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)，鱼(yu)馁(nei)肉败(bai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)，《乡党》一(yi)篇(pian)载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)详矣(yi)(yi)〔9〕。孟子(zi)曰：知命者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立夫岩(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下〔10〕。有(you)(you)身(shen)(shen)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能自强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)自强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)而(er)故暴弃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)食(shi)(shi)馁(nei)败(bai)而(er)立岩(yan)墙也(ye)(ye)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)惜孰甚(shen)焉！兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美矣(yi)(yi)，惟身(shen)(shen)体(ti)(ti)健康一(yi)层，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)免少缺。弟意(yi)宜勤加运动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。弟身(shen)(shen)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，近(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)运动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故，受(shou)益颇多(duo)。闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至弱(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)进(jin)于(yu)至强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。东西大体(ti)(ti)育家，若(ruo)(ruo)罗斯福，若(ruo)(ruo)孙棠，若(ruo)(ruo)嘉纳(na)〔11〕，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)至弱(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)(shen)，而(er)得(de)(de)至强(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)。弟始闻(wen)体(ti)(ti)魄、精(jing)神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能并(bing)(bing)(bing)完，且官(guan)骸肌络(luo)及时而(er)定，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复再可(ke)(ke)(ke)改易，今乃知其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)。心(xin)(xin)(xin)身(shen)(shen)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)并(bing)(bing)(bing)完也(ye)(ye)，而(er)官(guan)骸亦(yi)(yi)无时不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)改易也(ye)(ye)。愚意(yi)如此(ci)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知合(he)兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)否(fou)？余不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)言，敬请

教安！

小弟　泽东谨上

十二月九日

根据手稿刊印。

注释

①邵(shao)西，即黎锦熙，见(jian)本书第31页(ye)注(zhu)②。

②袁(yuan)氏，指(zhi)(zhi)袁(yuan)世(shi)凯(kai)，见(jian)本书第26页(ye)(ye)注〔6〕。王、梁(liang)(liang)、章、樊(fan)，据(ju)黎锦熙回忆及有(you)关(guan)史(shi)实，系指(zhi)(zhi)王闿(kai)运(yun)、梁(liang)(liang)启超、章炳(bing)(bing)麟、樊(fan)增(zeng)祥。王闿(kai)运(yun)（1833—1916），字壬(ren)秋(qiu)，湖南(nan)湘潭人。近代学(xue)者，杨度之(zhi)师。曾(ceng)(ceng)受袁(yuan)世(shi)凯(kai)招揽，任(ren)清史(shi)馆馆长。梁(liang)(liang)启超见(jian)本书第10页(ye)(ye)注〔5〕。章炳(bing)(bing)麟（1869—1936），号(hao)太(tai)炎、浙江余杭人。中国近代民主(zhu)革命家(jia)、思想家(jia)。辛(xin)亥革命后，曾(ceng)(ceng)任(ren)南(nan)京临时政(zheng)府总(zong)统府枢密(mi)顾问。拥护袁(yuan)世(shi)凯(kai)，1912年冬(dong)被任(ren)命为东北筹边使。1913年宋教(jiao)仁被刺后被囚，袁(yuan)死后获释。樊(fan)增(zeng)祥（1846—1931），字嘉父，号(hao)云门，湖北恩施人。清末曾(ceng)(ceng)任(ren)江宁布政(zheng)使、护理两(liang)江总(zong)督，袁(yuan)世(shi)凯(kai)设立(li)参政(zheng)院时任(ren)参政(zheng)。

③一(yi)九一(yi)五年(nian)9月，黎(li)锦熙任(ren)北京政(zheng)府教育部教科书编纂处主持人(ren)。

〔4〕1916年(nian)秋，黎(li)锦(jin)熙(xi)等人发动“国(guo)(guo)语(yu)运动”，主张把小学国(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)言文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)）改为国(guo)(guo)语(yu)（白话文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)），并发表《论教育(yu)之根本(ben)问题》。“以国(guo)(guo)语(yu)易国(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)”一文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)即指(zhi)这篇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章。

〔5〕三(san)达(da)德，见(jian)《礼(li)记·中庸》：“天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)达(da)道五，所以(yi)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者三(san)。曰：君臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，父子(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，夫(fu)妇也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，昆(kun)弟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，朋友之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五者，天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)达(da)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知、仁、勇三(san)者，天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)达(da)德也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，所以(yi)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

〔6〕颜(yan)子(zi)，即颜(yan)渊〔前(qian)521—前(qian)490〕，名(ming)回，字子(zi)渊，春(chun)秋末鲁国(guo)人。孔子(zi)学生。好学有(you)德，但身体很弱，二十九岁白头，三(san)十一岁即去世。

〔7〕贾(jia)生，指(zhi)贾(jia)谊〔前200—前168〕，西汉洛阳人，政论家(jia)、文(wen)学家(jia)。文(wen)帝时召为(wei)(wei)博士，颇受赏识，升(sheng)为(wei)(wei)太(tai)中大夫。敢于提出改革建议，为(wei)(wei)大臣(chen)周勃、灌婴(ying)等所(suo)排挤，贬为(wei)(wei)长沙王太(tai)傅。后转(zhuan)为(wei)(wei)梁(liang)怀王太(tai)傅。梁(liang)怀王坠马死，深感未(wei)尽太(tai)傅之责，忧惧哭泣，岁余(yu)而死，年(nian)三(san)十二。

〔8〕王勃（648—675），字子安，唐绛州(zhou)龙门（今(jin)山西河津）人(ren)(ren)。文学(xue)家。与杨炯、卢照(zhao)邻(lin)(lin)、骆宾王以(yi)文词(ci)齐名，称“初唐四(si)杰”。曾任沛(pei)王府修撰(zhuan)，虢州(zhou)参军。所写《滕王阁(ge)序》，脍炙人(ren)(ren)口。后往(wang)交(jiao)趾探父，因渡海(hai)溺水(shui)(shui)，受惊(jing)而(er)死(si)，时(shi)方二十八(ba)岁(sui)。卢照(zhao)邻(lin)(lin)（约(yue)635—约(yue)689），即卢升之，号(hao)幽忧子。唐幽州(zhou)范阳(yang)（今(jin)河北涿县(xian)）人(ren)(ren)。文学(xue)家。曾任新都尉。后为风(feng)痹症所苦(ku)，投颍水(shui)(shui)而(er)死(si)。后人(ren)(ren)辑有《幽忧子集》。

〔9〕见《论(lun)语·乡党》：“食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)厌精(jing)，脍不(bu)(bu)(bu)厌细，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)?而餲，鱼(yu)馁而肉(rou)败不(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，色(se)恶不(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，臭恶不(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，失饪不(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)时不(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，割不(bu)(bu)(bu)正不(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得其(qi)酱不(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。肉(rou)虽多(duo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)使胜食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)气。唯酒无(wu)量，不(bu)(bu)(bu)及乱。沽(gu)酒市脯不(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)撤姜食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。””

〔10〕见《孟子(zi)·尽心》，原文为：“是故知命者，不立乎岩(yan)墙之下(xia)。

〔11〕罗斯福，指西奥多·罗斯福，曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)任(ren)美国(guo)总统(tong)。其人(ren)好胜，体(ti)格强健(jian)，喜爱运动。卸总统(tong)任(ren)后，曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)到(dao)非(fei)洲东部探险。孙棠(tang)，据(ju)日本《体(ti)育大辞典》载(zai)：?ａ???是(shi)德国(guo)铁路哑铃操(cao)的(de)普及者，常作巡回表演。嘉(jia)纳（1860—1938），日本东京大学教授，讲(jiang)道馆馆长。曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)将日本“柔(rou)术”改(gai)良(liang)为“柔(rou)道”，后曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)任(ren)国(guo)际奥林匹(pi)克(ke)委员(yuan)(yuan)会委员(yuan)(yuan)。

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