法英美三国的官阀和财(cai)阀，倾(qing)注(zhu)全力于巴黎和会(hui)①，用高压(ya)手段(duan)对付(fu)败北(bei)的德(de)奥，正在兴高采烈(lie)时候(hou)，他(ta)们的国里(li)，忽然(ran)发生了罢(ba)工(gong)风潮。罢(ba)工(gong)在他(ta)们国里(li)，原(yuan)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)件常事。政府(fu)和财(cai)阀，虽然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢十(shi)分轻视劳动(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)，每当劳动(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)拿着(zhe)劳获不(bu)(bu)(bu)均，工(gong)时太久，住屋不(bu)(bu)(bu)适，失职(zhi)无归，种(zhong)种(zhong)怨愤不(bu)(bu)(bu)平问题，联(lian)合同类，蜂起罢(ba)工(gong)的时候(hou)，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小小给他(ta)们一(yi)点恩惠(hui)。正如小儿(er)哭饿，到着(zhe)十(shi)分伤(shang)心(xin)，大人也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)笑着(zhe)给他(ta)一(yi)个饼子。但终是(shi)(shi)杯水车(che)薪(xin)，济得(de)(de)甚事。所以广义派②人，都笑英法的工(gong)人是(shi)(shi)小见识。从老虎口里(li)讨碎肉，是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能够的。
此回各(ge)(ge)国的(de)(de)(de)(de)罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)风(feng)潮。英(ying)国因为(wei)(wei)(wei)在大(da)(da)(da)战(zhan)初了(le)时(shi)候（去年十二月），英(ying)伦(lun)和(he)(he)苏格兰(lan)各(ge)(ge)埠交通机关，燃料业(ye)，矿山业(ye)，造船业(ye)等己〈已〉演了(le)一(yi)次(ci)大(da)(da)(da)罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。故此次(ci)罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，未发生于英(ying)伦(lun)本土。法国罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情形，初颇严重，终亦以小惠收场，没(mei)(mei)闹出什么好(hao)结(jie)果(guo)。广义(yi)派人(ren)有(you)乘机在巴(ba)黎实行政(zheng)(zheng)治运(yun)(yun)动(dong)之说(shuo)，亦未见诸(zhu)事实。美(mei)国一(yi)部分电(dian)报电(dian)话人(ren)员的(de)(de)(de)(de)罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，乃在附和(he)(he)议院(yuan)多数派反(fan)对加(jia)入(ru)国际联盟(meng)③，与英(ying)法罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，异其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。意(yi)大(da)(da)(da)利之罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)乃社会党〔4〕嫉(ji)恶其政(zheng)(zheng)府所为(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)种动(dong)运(yun)(yun)〈运(yun)(yun)动(dong)〉。德国自去冬少(shao)数社会党大(da)(da)(da)失(shi)败，各(ge)(ge)处大(da)(da)(da)罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，亦随之而没(mei)(mei)得(de)好(hao)结(jie)果(guo)。多数社会党掌握政(zheng)(zheng)权以来(lai)，早已禁(jin)〈噤〉若寒蝉，不(bu)敢出声。此次(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)约签字问题，有(you)激起罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形势。但施特满内阁(ge)〔5〕倒了(le)，继任巴(ba)安内阁(ge)〔6〕，仍是前内阁(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同调。抵御外侮不(bu)足，防备家贼有(you)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)武力，紧握在手，谁敢予侮。广义(yi)一(yi)派的(de)(de)(de)(de)猛断政(zheng)(zheng)略，暂时(shi)决没(mei)(mei)有(you)发动(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)机会。罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)能成为(wei)(wei)(wei)事实，亦无足怪。匈牙利所受罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)影响不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)，其原因则全在缺粮没(mei)(mei)饭吃。今(jin)将(jiang)一(yi)月以来(lai)各(ge)(ge)国罢(ba)(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)情形，分述于下(xia)——
法(fa)国(guo) 六月(yue)三日(ri)(ri)，罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)风潮发生后，蔓(man)延甚速。巴(ba)黎(li)一(yi)区(qu)，男女工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)赋闲者，二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)万(wan)人(ren)。所要求各业不同(tong)，而一(yi)致(zhi)主(zhu)张每(mei)日(ri)(ri)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)八(ba)(ba)(ba)小时(shi)。四日(ri)(ri)，蔓(man)延更广，推(tui)算当(dang)(dang)有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)万(wan)人(ren)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)，洗(xi)衣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。自后罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)人(ren)数更多。地底(di)铁道(dao)(dao)(dao)，电车(che)，街车(che)的(de)用〈工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)〉人(ren)决(jue)(jue)(jue)议继续罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。地底(di)铁道(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)要求工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)值每(mei)月(yue)至少四百五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)郎(lang)（以(yi)每(mei)佛(fo)郎(lang)当(dang)(dang)四角合(he)我一(yi)百八(ba)(ba)(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)元），满(man)(man)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)岁须(xu)给养(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)金(jin)，服役十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)年后亦须(xu)给养(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)金(jin)若干(gan)。七日(ri)(ri)，巴(ba)黎(li)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)现象有(you)转(zhuan)机(ji)(ji)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)业与机(ji)(ji)器业，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)与雇(gu)主(zhu)，己(ji)〈已(yi)〉商妥(tuo)数事。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)金(jin)业及地底(di)铁道(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)上工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。当(dang)(dang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)己(ji)〈已(yi)〉取(qu)必要方法(fa)对付铁道(dao)(dao)(dao)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。煤矿工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)有(you)全体罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)形势。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)(ri)，国(guo)会(hui)(hui)(hui)通过矿工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)每(mei)日(ri)(ri)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)八(ba)(ba)(ba)时(shi)议案。但矿工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)议，仍(reng)不满(man)(man)意(yi)，决(jue)(jue)(jue)定(ding)从十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六日(ri)(ri)，全体罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。水夫联(lian)合(he)会(hui)(hui)(hui)，也决(jue)(jue)(jue)计于十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六日(ri)(ri)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)联(lian)合(he)会(hui)(hui)(hui)，言及生活代价奇昂（记者按(an)，近有(you)从巴(ba)黎(li)回者，举一(yi)物贵实(shi)(shi)例，一(yi)个旧牙(ya)刷，价二(er)佛(fo)郎(lang)，一(yi)双皮(pi)鞋(xie)，价六十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)郎(lang)），谓非洲各口岸，堆(dui)积麦粮千百吨(dun)，任(ren)其朽腐。各埠存货如(ru)山，轮(lun)船火(huo)车(che)，宁闲置不运(yun)(yun)载。这样的(de)政(zheng)府，可(ke)要快(kuai)快(kuai)废止他(ta)的(de)消耗，欺骗，和垄断！十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四日(ri)(ri)，风潮渐平(ping)。极端派有(you)乘推(tui)翻克(ke)勤(qin)〈勒(le)〉满(man)(man)沙〔7〕强(qiang)权政(zheng)府的(de)运(yun)(yun)动，路(lu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)联(lian)合(he)会(hui)(hui)(hui)拒绝之。但矿工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因解释(shi)政(zheng)府每(mei)日(ri)(ri)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)八(ba)(ba)(ba)小时(shi)议案，未能满(man)(man)意(yi)，定(ding)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六日(ri)(ri)全体罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。恐怕路(lu)矿运(yun)(yun)输联(lian)合(he)会(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)，也会(hui)(hui)(hui)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，表示同(tong)情。克(ke)勤(qin)〈勒(le)〉满(man)(man)沙老(lao)(lao)(lao)头子(zi)急了(le)，和运(yun)(yun)输公(gong)司及运(yun)(yun)输工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)代表会(hui)(hui)(hui)商，恳请(qing)彼等在(zai)国(guo)家危急时(shi)候(hou)，发出些(xie)爱国(guo)热忱。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)吃了(le)他(ta)的(de)浓米(mi)汤(tang)〔8〕，己(ji)〈已(yi)〉老(lao)(lao)(lao)老(lao)(lao)(lao)实(shi)(shi)实(shi)(shi)决(jue)(jue)(jue)议上工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)了(le)。
英国 伦(lun)敦五月三十(shi)日(ri)电，全国警察拟于三日(ri)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)气象(xiang)，正(zheng)在醀(wei)〈酝〉酿中，政府己(ji)〈已〉允(yun)增(zeng)给(ji)薪资，优加(jia)待(dai)遇，但不承认(ren)警察联(lian)合会及收用己(ji)〈已〉革(ge)除的(de)警察。英国的(de)属地澳洲，坎(kan)拿大(da)〔9〕，苏彝(yi)士，皆有罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)风(feng)潮(chao)。六月四(si)日(ri)、坎(kan)拿大(da)维(wei)克斯兵工(gong)(gong)(gong)厂工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，要求每星(xing)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)作四(si)十(shi)小时(shi)。六月五日(ri)，苏彝(yi)土〈士〉运河工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，局势(shi)狠恶。六月九日(ri)，澳洲航务罢(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，势(shi)头(tou)狠烈，各项工(gong)(gong)(gong)业，都受窒碍。 十(shi)日(ri)，风(feng)潮(chao)仍严重，他业工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)，因此赋闲(xian)的(de)逐日(ri)增(zeng)多(duo)。
美国(guo) 六月七日(ri)，芝加(jia)哥电(dian)报(bao)(bao)司(si)(si)(si)员(yuan)(yuan)预定十(shi)(shi)一时(shi)罢(ba)工，共约六万(wan)人。内(nei)有二(er)万(wan)五千人系属电(dian)报(bao)(bao)司(si)(si)(si)员(yuan)(yuan)联合会(hui)。该会(hui)会(hui)长康(kang)能堪氏正计划全(quan)国(guo)罢(ba)工办法。同日(ri)，全(quan)国(guo)电(dian)话司(si)(si)(si)员(yuan)(yuan)奉命(ming)于(yu)十(shi)(shi)六日(ri)起罢(ba)工，表同情(qing)于(yu)电(dian)报(bao)(bao)司(si)(si)(si)员(yuan)(yuan)。八日(ri)，电(dian)报(bao)(bao)人员(yuan)(yuan)联合会(hui)干事，向全(quan)体(ti)电(dian)报(bao)(bao)人员(yuan)(yuan)宣布(bu)，连收发电(dian)报(bao)(bao)生在内(nei)，全(quan)体(ti)罢(ba)工。目的在停(ting)止威尔逊〔10〕总统每日(ri)在巴(ba)黎往来的电(dian)报(bao)(bao)，使他(ta)注意国(guo)民(min)不(bu)赞成(cheng)他(ta)在和会(hui)的主张。十(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)，各(ge)电(dian)报(bao)(bao)公司(si)(si)(si)报(bao)(bao)告，电(dian)报(bao)(bao)司(si)(si)(si)员(yuan)(yuan)罢(ba)工没成(cheng)。
意国 六月(yue)十(shi)三(san)日，意大利斯(si)贝(bei)齐(qi)(qi)亚地(di)方，因粮(liang)食昂贵，发生(sheng)暴动，捣毁商(shang)(shang)店。十(shi)四日，热那(nei)亚工(gong)界示威，被捕者数百人(ren)。银行商(shang)(shang)店闭门(men)，电(dian)车不(bu)走。杜林(lin)工(gong)人(ren)此(ci)日多停工(gong)，纪(ji)念德国斯(si)巴达(da)团(tuan)领袖卢生(sheng)堡(bao)氏〔11〕。米兰工(gong)人(ren)罢工(gong)，抗议热那(nei)亚与(yu)斯(si)贝(bei)齐(qi)(qi)亚当道的行动。
德国 六月十三日，大柏林(lin)公民会(hui)(hui)议开(kai)秘密(mi)会(hui)(hui)，议决罢(ba)工。各职(zhi)业及军(jun)界中(zhong)人，均赞(zan)助停止各项(xiang)实业工作的计划。有人料此举(ju)将(jiang)促成国内战(zhan)争，中(zhong)等社会(hui)(hui)将(jiang)得政权。
匈国 五月三十一日，匈京饥(ji)饿的工人(ren)，发生暴动。红旗军(jun)奉共产政(zheng)府命令(ling)到各工厂制乱。匈京几无粮食。
根据1919年(nian)7月14日《湘江评(ping)论》创刊号(hao)刊印(yin)。署名(ming)泽东。
注释
①第一次世界(jie)大战(zhan)结束(shu)后(hou)，1919年1月18日至6月28日在(zai)法国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)巴黎召开的“和(he)(he)平(ping)会(hui)议”。参加者(zhe)有英、法、美、意、日等27国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。会(hui)议为美、英、法三(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)所(suo)操纵，名为拟订对战(zhan)败国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)约，“建立战(zhan)后(hou)世界(jie)和(he)(he)平(ping)”，实(shi)际上是帝(di)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)义战(zhan)胜(sheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重新(xin)分割世界(jie)和(he)(he)策(ce)划反对苏维埃俄国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的会(hui)议。会(hui)上签订了(le)(le)《凡尔赛和(he)(he)约》，通(tong)过(guo)了(le)(le)《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)联盟约》等。中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以战(zhan)胜(sheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地位出(chu)席，但列强(qiang)无(wu)视(shi)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)权，非法决(jue)定日本(ben)继承(cheng)战(zhan)前(qian)德国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)我(wo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)山东的特权，引起中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人民的强(qiang)烈(lie)反对，爆发五四(si)运动，迫使中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)代表团拒绝(jue)在(zai)和(he)(he)约上签字。
②广义派(pai)(pai)，指德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)(dang)左派(pai)(pai)。德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)(dang)成(cheng)立(li)于1875年(nian)(nian)，原为(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)工(gong)人阶级的(de)(de)政党(dang)(dang)，后来逐渐(jian)分(fen)化成(cheng)左、中、右三派(pai)(pai)。第一(yi)(yi)次世界大战(zhan)前夕，左派(pai)(pai)以卡尔·李卜克(ke)(ke)内(nei)西、罗莎·卢森堡(bao)为(wei)(wei)首，一(yi)(yi)九一(yi)(yi)五年(nian)(nian)，因(yin)出版《国(guo)(guo)际(ji)》杂(za)志，被(bei)称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)“国(guo)(guo)际(ji)派(pai)(pai)”；又因(yin)1916年(nian)(nian)出版被(bei)称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)“斯巴(ba)达(da)克(ke)(ke)书(shu)信”的(de)(de)《政治书(shu)信》刊(kan)物，故又称(cheng)为(wei)(wei)“斯巴(ba)达(da)克(ke)(ke)派(pai)(pai)”，中派(pai)(pai)等反对(dui)派(pai)(pai)于1917年(nian)(nian)成(cheng)立(li)德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)独(du)立(li)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)党(dang)(dang)，其(qi)党(dang)(dang)员人数约(yue)为(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)(dang)成(cheng)员的(de)(de)三分(fen)之一(yi)(yi)，因(yin)此，一(yi)(yi)般称(cheng)德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)(dang)为(wei)(wei)多数派(pai)(pai)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)党(dang)(dang)，称(cheng)德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)独(du)立(li)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)(dang)为(wei)(wei)少数派(pai)(pai)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)党(dang)(dang)。斯巴(ba)达(da)克(ke)(ke)派(pai)(pai)作为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)个保留着(zhe)行动自(zi)由的(de)(de)派(pai)(pai)别参加了独(du)立(li)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)(dang)，尽管于1918年(nian)(nian)改组(zu)为(wei)(wei)斯巴(ba)达(da)克(ke)(ke)同盟(meng)，但(dan)仍(reng)未在组(zu)织上与其(qi)决裂，直到1918年(nian)(nian)12月30日才正(zheng)式成(cheng)立(li)独(du)立(li)的(de)(de)政党(dang)(dang)——德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)共产(chan)党(dang)(dang)（斯巴(ba)达(da)克(ke)(ke)同盟(meng)）。1920年(nian)(nian)12月，德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)共产(chan)党(dang)(dang)和独(du)立(li)社(she)(she)会(hui)(hui)民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)党(dang)(dang)左派(pai)(pai)合并为(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)统一(yi)(yi)共产(chan)党(dang)(dang)。
③国(guo)(guo)际联盟(meng)，简(jian)称国(guo)(guo)联，是(shi)根(gen)据1919年巴黎和会上通过的(de)《国(guo)(guo)际盟(meng)约》，于(yu)1920年1月成立(li)的(de)国(guo)(guo)际组织。先后加(jia)入的(de)国(guo)(guo)家有63个。国(guo)(guo)联标榜以“促(cu)进国(guo)(guo)际合(he)作，维持国(guo)(guo)际和平与(yu)安全”为目的(de)，实际上是(shi)帝(di)国(guo)(guo)主义国(guo)(guo)家争(zheng)夺世(shi)界霸权的(de)工(gong)具(ju)。1946年宣(xuan)告解散(san)。
〔4〕意大利社(she)(she)会党，成立于1892年，1919年加入共产国际。1921年其左派另组意大利共产党。1922年10月(yue)意大利社(she)(she)会党改称为意大利统一(yi)社(she)(she)会党。
〔5〕施特满，今译(yi)谢德曼（1865—1939），德国(guo)社(she)会民主(zhu)党右翼首领之一。第一次世(shi)界大战期间(jian)，积极支持帝国(guo)主(zhu)义战争，曾任马克思·巴(ba)登亲(qin)王(wang)内阁阁员(yuan)。德国(guo)十一月革命爆发后，他竭力(li)阻止工(gong)人阶(jie)级(ji)夺取政权。1919年(nian)2月任魏玛共和(he)国(guo)第一任总理，组织了以社(she)会民主(zhu)党为主(zhu)，有民主(zhu)党和(he)中央党参加的(de)联(lian)合(he)政府(fu)，即魏玛联(lian)合(he)政府(fu)。同年(nian)6月，因拒(ju)绝在《凡尔(er)赛和(he)约》上签字而辞职。
〔6〕巴安，今译鲍尔（1870—1944），德国(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治家，社会民主党人。1919年6月20日，谢德曼内阁辞职(zhi)，随之组(zu)成(cheng)了(le)以(yi)鲍尔为国(guo)务总(zong)理(li)的新的社会民主党——中央(yang)党政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府。次年3月，鲍尔辞去总(zong)理(li)职(zhi)务，后任财政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部(bu)长和副总(zong)理(li)。
〔7〕克勒满沙，今(jin)译克列(lie)孟梭（1841—1929），法国资产阶级政治家。外号(hao)“老虎”，时任法国总理(li)，在巴黎(li)和会(hui)上担任主席，参加起草《凡尔赛和致罗学瓒信(xin)部(bu)分(fen)手(shou)迹(ji)《湘江(jiang)评论》创刊号(hao)约》。
〔8〕浓米汤，湖(hu)南方言，意(yi)即好(hao)话，奉承话。
〔9〕坎拿大，今译加拿大。
〔10〕威尔逊，见本书(shu)第(di)57页注(zhu)〔30〕。
〔11〕卢生堡，今译卢森堡（1871—1919），德(de)国(guo)社(she)会民主党(dang)和(he)第二国(guo)际左派领袖之一(yi)(yi)(yi)，德(de)国(guo)共(gong)产党(dang)创始人(ren)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。在第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次世界大战(zhan)期间，积极反对帝国(guo)主义(yi)(yi)战(zhan)争和(he)社(she)会沙文主义(yi)(yi)，是斯巴达克派领袖之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。1918年(nian)投(tou)身于(yu)“十一(yi)(yi)(yi)月革命(ming)运动”，从(cong)事建立德(de)国(guo)共(gong)产党(dang)的工作，1919年(nian)柏(bo)林一(yi)(yi)(yi)月战(zhan)斗中，与卡尔·李卜(bu)克内(nei)西一(yi)(yi)(yi)同被德(de)国(guo)艾伯特(te)反动政府杀(sha)害。
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