《舌战群儒》鄂教版八下课内阅读训练附答案
乃(nai)(nai)引孔明(ming)至幕下(xia)(xia)。早见(jian)张昭(zhao)、顾雍等(deng)一(yi)(yi)班(ban)文(wen)武(wu)二十余人(ren)，峨冠博带，整衣端坐(zuo)。孔明(ming)逐一(yi)(yi)相见(jian)，各问姓(xing)名。施(shi)礼已毕，坐(zuo)于(yu)(yu)客位。张昭(zhao)等(deng)见(jian)孔明(ming)丰(feng)神飘洒(sa)，器宇(yu)轩(xuan)昂，料道此(ci)人(ren)必来游(you)说(shuo)(shuo)。张昭(zhao)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)挑(tiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰：“昭(zhao)乃(nai)(nai)江(jiang)东微末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，久闻(wen)(wen)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)高卧隆中(zhong)，自(zi)比管(guan)、乐。此(ci)语果有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎？”孔明(ming)曰：“此(ci)亮平(ping)生(sheng)小(xiao)可之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比也。”昭(zhao)曰：“近闻(wen)(wen)刘(liu)豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)三顾先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)草庐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，幸(xing)得(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)，以(yi)(yi)为如鱼得(de)水，思(si)欲(yu)卷席荆(jing)襄(xiang)。今(jin)一(yi)(yi)旦以(yi)(yi)属曹操，未审是(shi)(shi)何(he)主(zhu)见(jian)？”孔明(ming)自(zi)思(si)张昭(zhao)乃(nai)(nai)孙权(quan)手下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)(yi)个谋士，若(ruo)不(bu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)难(nan)倒他，如何(he)说(shuo)(shuo)得(de)孙权(quan)，遂答曰：“吾观取汉上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，易如反掌(zhang)。我主(zhu)刘(liu)豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)躬行(xing)仁义(yi)，不(bu)忍(ren)夺同宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)业，故(gu)力(li)辞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。刘(liu)琮(cong)孺(ru)子(zi)，听信佞言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，暗(an)自(zi)投降，致(zhi)使曹操得(de)以(yi)(yi)猖獗。今(jin)我主(zhu)屯(tun)兵江(jiang)夏，别有(you)良图，非(fei)等(deng)闲可知也。”昭(zhao)曰：“若(ruo)此(ci)，是(shi)(shi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)行(xing)相违也。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)自(zi)比管(guan)、乐：管(guan)仲相桓公，霸(ba)诸侯，一(yi)(yi)匡天下(xia)(xia)；乐毅扶持微弱(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燕，下(xia)(xia)齐七(qi)十余城；此(ci)二人(ren)者，真济世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才也。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)在草庐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，但笑傲(ao)风(feng)月，抱膝危坐(zuo)；今(jin)既从(cong)事刘(liu)豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，当(dang)为生(sheng)灵兴利除害(hai)，剿灭(mie)乱贼。且刘(liu)豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)未得(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，尚且纵横寰(huan)宇(yu)，割据(ju)城池；今(jin)得(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)，人(ren)皆仰(yang)望：虽三尺(chi)童(tong)蒙，亦谓彪(biao)虎生(sheng)翼，将见(jian)汉室复兴，曹氏即灭(mie)矣；朝廷旧臣，山林隐士，无(wu)不(bu)拭目而(er)待(dai)：以(yi)(yi)为拂高天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云翳，仰(yang)日(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光辉(hui)，拯民于(yu)(yu)水火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，措天下(xia)(xia)于(yu)(yu)衽席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)，在此(ci)时也。何(he)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)自(zi)归豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，曹兵一(yi)(yi)出，弃(qi)甲抛戈，望风(feng)而(er)窜；上(shang)不(bu)能报刘(liu)表以(yi)(yi)安庶民，下(xia)(xia)不(bu)能辅孤子(zi)而(er)据(ju)疆(jiang)土(tu)；乃(nai)(nai)弃(qi)新野，走(zou)樊城，败当(dang)阳(yang)，奔(ben)夏口(kou)，无(wu)容身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地：是(shi)(shi)豫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)既得(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，反不(bu)如其初也。管(guan)仲、乐毅，果如是(shi)(shi)乎？愚直之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，幸(xing)勿(wu)见(jian)怪！”
孔(kong)明听(ting)罢，哑然(ran)而笑曰：“鹏飞万里，其志岂群(qun)鸟(niao)能识哉(zai)？譬如人(ren)(ren)染沈疴，当(dang)先用(yong)糜粥以(yi)(yi)饮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，和药(yao)以(yi)(yi)服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；待其腑脏调和，形体渐安，然(ran)后用(yong)肉食以(yi)(yi)补之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，猛药(yao)以(yi)(yi)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：则病根(gen)尽去(qu)，人(ren)(ren)得全生也(ye)。若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)待气脉和缓，便投以(yi)(yi)猛药(yao)厚味(wei)，欲(yu)求(qiu)安保(bao)，诚(cheng)为难(nan)矣。吾(wu)主刘豫州(zhou)，向日军(jun)败(bai)于汝南，寄迹刘表，兵不(bu)(bu)满(man)千，将止关、张(zhang)、赵云(yun)而已；此(ci)正如病势危(wei)(wei)羸(lei)已极之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时也(ye)。新野山僻小县，人(ren)(ren)民稀少，粮(liang)食鲜(xian)薄，豫州(zhou)不(bu)(bu)过(guo)暂借(jie)以(yi)(yi)容身，岂真(zhen)将坐守于此(ci)耶(ye)？夫以(yi)(yi)甲兵不(bu)(bu)完，城郭(guo)不(bu)(bu)固，军(jun)不(bu)(bu)经练，粮(liang)不(bu)(bu)继(ji)日，然(ran)而博望烧(shao)屯，白河用(yong)水，使夏(xia)侯惇、曹仁(ren)辈心惊胆裂：窃谓(wei)管仲(zhong)、乐毅(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)兵，未(wei)必过(guo)此(ci)。至于刘琮降(jiang)操，豫州(zhou)实出不(bu)(bu)知；且又不(bu)(bu)忍乘乱夺同宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基业，此(ci)真(zhen)大(da)(da)(da)仁(ren)大(da)(da)(da)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)。当(dang)阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)败(bai)，豫州(zhou)见有(you)数十万赴义(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民，扶(fu)老(lao)携幼相随，不(bu)(bu)忍弃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，日行十里，不(bu)(bu)思进取江陵(ling)，甘与同败(bai)，此(ci)亦大(da)(da)(da)仁(ren)大(da)(da)(da)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)。寡不(bu)(bu)敌众，胜(sheng)负乃其常(chang)事。昔高皇数败(bai)于项羽，而垓下一战成功，此(ci)非韩信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良谋乎？夫信久事高皇，未(wei)尝累胜(sheng)。盖国(guo)家大(da)(da)(da)计，社稷安危(wei)(wei)，是(shi)有(you)主谋。非比(bi)夸(kua)辩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，虚誉(yu)欺人(ren)(ren)，坐议立谈，无(wu)人(ren)(ren)可及(ji)；临机应变，百无(wu)一能：诚(cheng)为天下笑耳！”这一篇言(yan)语，说得张(zhang)昭并无(wu)一言(yan)回(hui)答。
1、第一段画线句子“今(jin)一旦以属曹操，未审是何主(zhu)见”的意思是（ ）
A、现在(zai)（荆襄）一夜之间已属(shu)于曹操了(le)，我还没来(lai)得及问你是什么意见？
B、现在如果(guo)（它）属于曹操了，你(ni)没考虑作什么(me)打算吗(ma)？
C、现在（荆襄）一(yi)夜之(zhi)间已属于曹操了，你没考虑作什么打算吗？
D、现在如果（它）属于曹(cao)操(cao)了，我(wo)还没来得及问(wen)你是什(shen)么意见？
2、请从(cong)选(xuan)文中再举(ju)两例与下(xia)面例句(ju)格(ge)式相同(tong)的句(ju)子。
例句：拂高天之云翳，仰日(ri)月(yue)之光辉。
⑴
⑵
3、诸葛亮在答辩时(shi)一再强调(diao)刘(liu)备的(de)(de)大(da)仁大(da)义(yi)，那么，在他看(kan)来，刘(liu)备的(de)(de)大(da)仁大(da)义(yi)表现在哪些方面(mian)？
4、张昭(zhao)是如(ru)何看待诸(zhu)葛亮的？依据是什么？
参考答案：
1．A
2．⑴拯民于水火之中，措天下(xia)于衽席之上。⑵上不能报(bao)刘表以安庶民，下(xia)不能辅孤子而据(ju)疆土。
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