赵州(zhou)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)非常雄伟,全(quan)长50.82米(mi)(mi),两端宽9.6米(mi)(mi),中部略窄(zhai),宽9米(mi)(mi)。桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)设(she)计(ji)完(wan)全(quan)合乎(hu)科学原理,施工技(ji)术更(geng)是(shi)(shi)巧妙绝伦。唐(tang)朝的(de)(de)张(zhang)嘉贞说(shuo)它“制造(zao)奇特,人(ren)不(bu)知(zhi)其所(suo)以为(wei)”。这(zhei)(zhei)座(zuo)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)特点(dian)是(shi)(shi):(一)全(quan)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)只有一个(ge)大拱(gong)(gong)(gong),长达37.4米(mi)(mi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)当时可(ke)算是(shi)(shi)世界上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)最长的(de)(de)石拱(gong)(gong)(gong),桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)洞(dong)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)普通(tong)半圆形(xing),而是(shi)(shi)像一张(zhang)弓(gong),因而大拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)道(dao)路没有陡坡,便于车马上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)。(二)大拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)两肩(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),各(ge)有两个(ge)小拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。这(zhei)(zhei)个(ge)创造(zao)性的(de)(de)设(she)计(ji),不(bu)但节约了(le)石料,减轻(qing)了(le)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)的(de)(de)重量,而且在(zai)(zai)(zai)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)暴涨的(de)(de)时候,还(hai)可(ke)以增加(jia)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)洞(dong)的(de)(de)过水(shui)(shui)(shui)量,减轻(qing)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)对桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)的(de)(de)冲(chong)击。同(tong)时,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)加(jia)拱(gong)(gong)(gong),桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)也(ye)更(geng)美观。(三)大拱(gong)(gong)(gong)由28道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)圈(quan)(quan)拼成,就(jiu)像这(zhei)(zhei)么(me)多同(tong)样形(xing)状的(de)(de)弓(gong)合拢在(zai)(zai)(zai)一起,做成一个(ge)弧形(xing)的(de)(de)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)洞(dong)。每道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)圈(quan)(quan)都能独立支撑(cheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)重量,一道(dao)坏了(le),其他各(ge)道(dao)不(bu)致(zhi)受到影响。(四)全(quan)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)结构匀称,和四周(zhou)景色配合得(de)十分(fen)和谐;就(jiu)连桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)石栏(lan)石板也(ye)雕刻(ke)(ke)得(de)古朴美观。唐(tang)朝的(de)(de)张(zhang) 说(shuo),远(yuan)望这(zhei)(zhei)座(zuo)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)就(jiu)像“初月出云,长虹饮涧”。赵州(zhou)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)高度的(de)(de)技(ji)术水(shui)(shui)(shui)平和不(bu)朽的(de)(de)艺术价值(zhi),充分(fen)显(xian)示了(le)我(wo)国(guo)劳动(dong)人(ren)民的(de)(de)智慧和力量。桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)主要设(she)计(ji)者李春就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一位杰出的(de)(de)工匠,在(zai)(zai)(zai)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)头的(de)(de)碑文(wen)里还(hai)刻(ke)(ke)着(zhe)他的(de)(de)名字。
1.概(gai)括赵州桥的4个(ge)特点(dian)。
2.在介绍(shao)赵州桥(qiao)第(di)一个特(te)点时,“在当时可算是世(shi)界上最(zui)长的石拱”一句中的“可算”一词可否(fou)去掉?为什(shen)么?
3.文中引(yin)用张嘉贞的赞(zan)语是为了说(shuo)明赵(zhao)州桥的什么特(te)点?
4.本文(wen)运用的说明方法(fa)是什么?
赵州桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)非常雄伟,全(quan)长50.82米(mi),两(liang)端宽(kuan)9.6米(mi),中部略(lve)窄,宽(kuan)9米(mi)。桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)设(she)计完全(quan)合(he)(he)乎科学原(yuan)理,施工(gong)技(ji)术(shu)更(geng)是巧妙绝伦。唐朝的(de)张(zhang)嘉贞说它“制造奇特,人(ren)不知其所以(yi)为(wei)”。这(zhei)座桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)特点是:(一(yi))全(quan)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)只有一(yi)个大(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong),长达37.4米(mi),在当时可(ke)算是世界最(zui)长的(de)石(shi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)洞(dong)( )普(pu)通半圆形(xing),( )像(xiang)一(yi)张(zhang)弓,因而大(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)面(mian)的(de)道(dao)路没有陡坡,便(bian)于车马上(shang)下。(二)大(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)两(liang)肩上(shang),各(ge)有两(liang)个小拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。这(zhei)个创造性的(de)设(she)计,( )节约(yue)了(le)石(shi)料,减轻了(le)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身的(de)重量,( )在河水(shui)暴涨的(de)时候,还可(ke)以(yi)增加(jia)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)洞(dong)的(de)过(guo)水(shui)量,减轻洪水(shui)对桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身的(de)冲击。同时,拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)加(jia)拱(gong)(gong)(gong),桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身也更(geng)美观。(三(san))大(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)由28道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)圈拼成,就像(xiang)这(zhei)么多(duo)同样形(xing)状的(de)弓合(he)(he)拢在一(yi)起,做成一(yi)个弧(hu)形(xing)的(de)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)洞(dong)。每道(dao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)圈都能独(du)立(li)支撑上(shang)面(mian)的(de)重量,一(yi)道(dao)坏了(le),其他各(ge)道(dao)不致(zhi)受到影(ying)响。(四)全(quan)桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)结构匀称,和四周(zhou)景色配合(he)(he)得十分和谐(xie);就连桥(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)的(de)石(shi)栏石(shi)板也雕刻(ke)得古朴美观