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吕氏春秋--《仲冬纪第十一》

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员整理

仲冬(dong)一曰(yue):仲冬(dong)之(zhi)月,日在斗,昏(hun)东壁中(zhong),旦轸中(zhong)。其日壬癸,其帝颛顼,其神(shen)玄(xuan)冥,其虫介,其音羽(yu),律中(zhong)黄钟。其数六,其味(wei)咸,其臭朽,其祀行,祭先肾。

冰(bing)益壮,地(di)(di)始坼,鹖鴠不鸣,虎(hu)始交。天子居玄堂太庙,乘玄辂,驾铁骊,载玄旗,衣(yi)黑(hei)衣(yi),服玄玉(yu),食黍与彘(zhi),其器宏以(yi)弇。命有司曰:“土事无作,无发盖藏,无起大(da)(da)众(zhong),以(yi)固而(er)闭。”发盖藏,起大(da)(da)众(zhong),地(di)(di)气(qi)且泄,是谓发天地(di)(di)之房(fang)。

诸蛰则死,民多疾疫,又随以丧(sang)。命之曰(yue)“畅(chang)月”。

是月也(ye),命(ming)阉尹申宫(gong)令,审门闾,谨房室,必(bi)重闭(bi)。省妇事(shi),毋得淫(yin),虽有(you)(you)(you)贵戚近习,无有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)禁(jin)。乃命(ming)大酋,秫稻必(bi)齐,麹(qu)蘖必(bi)时,湛(zhan)饎必(bi)洁,水泉必(bi)香(xiang),陶器必(bi)良(liang),火齐必(bi)得,兼用六物(wu),大酋监之(zhi),无有(you)(you)(you)差忒。天(tian)子乃命(ming)有(you)(you)(you)司祈祀(si)四海、大川(chuan)、名原(yuan)、渊泽、井泉。

是月也(ye),农有不收(shou)藏积聚者,牛(niu)马畜兽有放佚者,取之(zhi)不诘。山林薮泽,有能取疏食田猎禽(qin)兽者,野虞教导之(zhi)。其有侵夺者,罪之(zhi)不赦。

是月也,日短至(zhi)(zhi),阴(yin)阳争,诸生荡。君子斋戒,处必弇(yan),身欲(yu)宁(ning),去声色,禁(jin)嗜欲(yu),安形性,事(shi)欲(yu)静,以待阴(yin)阳之所定。芸始生,荔挺出(chu),蚯蚓(yin)结,麋角解,水泉动。日短至(zhi)(zhi),则伐林木,取竹箭(jian)。

是月也(ye),可以(yi)罢官之无事者,去(qu)器之无用者,涂阙庭门闾(lv),筑囹圄,此所以(yi)助天地之闭(bi)藏(zang)也(ye)。

仲(zhong)冬行(xing)夏令,则(ze)其(qi)国乃(nai)旱(han),气(qi)雾冥冥,雷(lei)乃(nai)发声。行(xing)秋令,则(ze)天时(shi)雨汁,瓜瓠不成,国有大兵。行(xing)春令,则(ze)虫螟(ming)为(wei)败,水泉(quan)减竭,民多疾疠。

至(zhi)忠二曰:至(zhi)忠逆於耳,倒於心,非贤(xian)主其(qi)孰能(neng)听之?故(gu)贤(xian)主之所说,不肖主之所诛(zhu)也(ye)。人(ren)主无不恶暴(bao)劫者(zhe),而(er)日致之,恶之何益?今有树於此,而(er)欲其(qi)美也(ye),人(ren)时灌之,则恶之,而(er)日伐(fa)其(qi)根(gen),则必无活树矣。夫(fu)恶闻忠言(yan),乃(nai)自伐(fa)之精(jing)者(zhe)也(ye)。

荆庄哀王(wang)(wang)(wang)猎於(wu)云梦,射随兕,中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。申(shen)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)培(pei)劫王(wang)(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)(er)夺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“何(he)其(qi)暴(bao)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敬也?”命吏(li)诛(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。左右大夫皆(jie)进(jin)谏曰(yue):“子(zi)培(pei),贤(xian)者(zhe)也,又为王(wang)(wang)(wang)百倍(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,此(ci)必(bi)有(you)故(gu)(gu),愿察之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)三月,子(zi)培(pei)疾而(er)(er)(er)死。荆兴师,战於(wu)两棠,大胜晋(jin),归(gui)而(er)(er)(er)赏(shang)(shang)有(you)功(gong)者(zhe)。申(shen)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)培(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟进(jin)请赏(shang)(shang)於(wu)吏(li)曰(yue):“人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)功(gong)也於(wu)军(jun)旅,臣兄(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)功(gong)也於(wu)车下。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue):“何(he)谓也?”对曰(yue):“臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄(xiong)犯暴(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,触死亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪於(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侧(ce),其(qi)愚(yu)心(xin)将以忠於(wu)君王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen),而(er)(er)(er)持千岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寿也。臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄(xiong)尝读故(gu)(gu)记曰(yue):‘杀(sha)随兕者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)三月。’是以臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兄(xiong)惊惧而(er)(er)(er)争(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)伏(fu)其(qi)罪而(er)(er)(er)死。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)令人发平府而(er)(er)(er)视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),於(wu)故(gu)(gu)记果有(you),乃(nai)厚赏(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。申(shen)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)培(pei),其(qi)忠也可谓穆行矣。穆行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,人知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为劝,人不(bu)(bu)(bu)知不(bu)(bu)(bu)为沮,行无高(gao)乎此(ci)矣。

齐(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)疾(ji)痏(wei),使人之(zhi)(zhi)宋迎文(wen)挚(zhi)(zhi),文(wen)挚(zhi)(zhi)至,视王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji),谓太子曰:“王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)必(bi)可(ke)已也。虽(sui)然(ran),王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)已,则必(bi)杀挚(zhi)(zhi)也。”太子曰:“何故?”文(wen)挚(zhi)(zhi)对曰:“非怒(nu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)则疾(ji)不可(ke)治,怒(nu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)则挚(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)死(si)。”太子顿首强请曰:“苟已王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji),臣(chen)(chen)(chen)与臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)母以死(si)争之(zhi)(zhi)於王(wang)(wang)(wang)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)必(bi)幸(xing)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)与臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)母,愿先生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)勿患也。”文(wen)挚(zhi)(zhi)曰:“诺。请以死(si)为王(wang)(wang)(wang)。”与太子期,而(er)将(jiang)往(wang)不当者三,齐(qi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)固(gu)已怒(nu)矣(yi)。文(wen)挚(zhi)(zhi)至,不解屦(ju)登床,履王(wang)(wang)(wang)衣,问王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji),王(wang)(wang)(wang)怒(nu)而(er)不与言。文(wen)挚(zhi)(zhi)因出辞以重怒(nu)王(wang)(wang)(wang),王(wang)(wang)(wang)叱而(er)起,疾(ji)乃(nai)遂已。

王(wang)(wang)大怒不(bu)(bu)说,将生烹文挚(zhi)(zhi)。太(tai)子与王(wang)(wang)后急争(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi),而不(bu)(bu)能得,果以鼎生烹文挚(zhi)(zhi)。爨之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)日三(san)夜,颜色不(bu)(bu)变。文挚(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“诚(cheng)欲杀(sha)我(wo),则胡不(bu)(bu)覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi),以绝(jue)阴阳之(zhi)(zhi)气?”王(wang)(wang)使覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi),文挚(zhi)(zhi)乃死。夫忠於治世易,忠於浊世难(nan)。文挚(zhi)(zhi)非不(bu)(bu)知活王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)疾而身获(huo)死也,为太(tai)子行难(nan),以成其义也。

忠廉三曰(yue):士议之不可辱(ru)者,大之也(ye)。大之则尊(zun)於富贵也(ye),利不足(zu)以虞其意矣(yi)。

虽名为(wei)诸侯,实有(you)万乘,不(bu)足以挺其心(xin)矣。诚(cheng)辱则(ze)无为(wei)乐生(sheng)。若(ruo)此人也,有(you)势则(ze)必(bi)(bi)不(bu)自私(si)矣,处官则(ze)必(bi)(bi)不(bu)为(wei)污矣,将(jiang)众则(ze)必(bi)(bi)不(bu)挠(nao)北矣。忠臣亦然(ran)。苟(gou)便於(wu)(wu)主利於(wu)(wu)国,无敢(gan)辞(ci)违,杀身出生(sheng)以徇之(zhi)。国有(you)士若(ruo)此,则(ze)可谓有(you)人矣。若(ruo)此人者固难得,其患(huan)虽得之(zhi)有(you)不(bu)智。

吴王欲杀(sha)王子庆忌而(er)莫之(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)杀(sha),吴王患之(zhi)(zhi)。要离(li)曰:“臣能(neng)(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)。”吴王曰:“汝(ru)恶(e)能(neng)(neng)乎?吾尝以(yi)六马逐之(zhi)(zhi)江上(shang)矣(yi),而(er)不能(neng)(neng)及(ji);射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)矢,左右(you)满把,而(er)不能(neng)(neng)中。

今(jin)汝拔剑(jian)则不(bu)能(neng)举臂,上车则不(bu)能(neng)登(deng)轼,汝恶(e)能(neng)?”要(yao)(yao)离(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“士患不(bu)勇(yong)耳,奚患於(wu)(wu)不(bu)能(neng)?王(wang)(wang)(wang)诚能(neng)助,臣(chen)(chen)请(qing)必能(neng)。”吴(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“诺。”明旦加(jia)要(yao)(yao)离(li)(li)(li)(li)罪焉,挚(zhi)执妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),焚(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)扬其灰。要(yao)(yao)离(li)(li)(li)(li)走(zou),往(wang)见(jian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庆(qing)忌(ji)於(wu)(wu)卫。王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庆(qing)忌(ji)喜曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吴(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)无道(dao)也(ye),子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)见(jian)也(ye),诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)知也(ye)。今(jin)子(zi)(zi)(zi)得免(mian)而(er)(er)去之(zhi)(zhi),亦善矣。”要(yao)(yao)离(li)(li)(li)(li)与(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庆(qing)忌(ji)居有间(jian),谓王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庆(qing)忌(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吴(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)无道(dao)也(ye)愈甚,请(qing)与(yu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)往(wang)夺(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)国。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庆(qing)忌(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“善。”乃与(yu)要(yao)(yao)离(li)(li)(li)(li)俱涉(she)於(wu)(wu)江(jiang)。中江(jiang),拔剑(jian)以(yi)刺王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庆(qing)忌(ji)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庆(qing)忌(ji)捽之(zhi)(zhi),投(tou)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)江(jiang),浮则又取而(er)(er)投(tou)之(zhi)(zhi),如此(ci)者三。其卒曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“汝天下之(zhi)(zhi)国士也(ye),幸汝以(yi)成而(er)(er)名。”要(yao)(yao)离(li)(li)(li)(li)得不(bu)死,归(gui)於(wu)(wu)吴(wu)。吴(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)大说(shuo),请(qing)与(yu)分国。要(yao)(yao)离(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“不(bu)可。臣(chen)(chen)请(qing)必死!”吴(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)止之(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)离(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“夫(fu)(fu)杀(sha)(sha)妻(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),焚(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)扬其灰,以(yi)便事也(ye),臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)为不(bu)仁。夫(fu)(fu)为故主杀(sha)(sha)新主,臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)为不(bu)义。夫(fu)(fu)捽而(er)(er)浮乎江(jiang),三入三出,特(te)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)庆(qing)忌(ji)为之(zhi)(zhi)赐而(er)(er)不(bu)杀(sha)(sha)耳,臣(chen)(chen)已为辱矣。夫(fu)(fu)不(bu)仁不(bu)义,又且(qie)已辱,不(bu)可以(yi)生。”吴(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)能(neng)止,果(guo)伏剑(jian)而(er)(er)死。

要离(li)可谓不(bu)为(wei)赏动矣,故临(lin)大利而(er)不(bu)易其义;可谓廉(lian)矣,廉(lian),故不(bu)以贵富而(er)忘其辱。

卫(wei)(wei)懿(yi)(yi)公有臣曰(yue)弘演(yan),有所於(wu)使(shi)。翟人(ren)攻卫(wei)(wei),其民曰(yue):“君(jun)之所予位禄者,鹤也(ye);所贵(gui)富者,宫人(ren)也(ye)。君(jun)使(shi)宫人(ren)与鹤战(zhan),余焉(yan)能战(zhan)?”遂溃而去。翟人(ren)至,及懿(yi)(yi)公於(wu)荣泽,杀之,尽食其肉,独(du)舍其肝(gan)。弘演(yan)至,报(bao)使(shi)於(wu)肝(gan),毕(bi),呼天(tian)而啼(ti),尽哀而止(zhi),曰(yue):“臣请为(wei)襮。”因自杀,先出其腹实,内懿(yi)(yi)公之肝(gan)。桓公闻(wen)之曰(yue):“卫(wei)(wei)之亡也(ye),以(yi)为(wei)无道也(ye)。今(jin)有臣若(ruo)此(ci),不(bu)可不(bu)存。”於(wu)是复立卫(wei)(wei)於(wu)楚丘。

弘演可(ke)谓忠矣(yi),杀身出生(sheng)以徇(xun)其君。非(fei)徒徇(xun)其君也,又令(ling)卫之宗庙复立,祭祀不绝,可(ke)谓有功矣(yi)。

当(dang)(dang)(dang)务(wu)(wu)(wu)四曰:辨(bian)而不(bu)当(dang)(dang)(dang)论,信而不(bu)当(dang)(dang)(dang)理(li),勇(yong)而不(bu)当(dang)(dang)(dang)义(yi),法而不(bu)当(dang)(dang)(dang)务(wu)(wu)(wu),惑而乘骥(ji)也(ye)(ye),狂而操吴干将(jiang)也(ye)(ye),大(da)乱天下者(zhe),必(bi)此四者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。所(suo)贵(gui)辨(bian)者(zhe),为其(qi)(qi)(qi)由所(suo)论也(ye)(ye);所(suo)贵(gui)信者(zhe),为其(qi)(qi)(qi)遵所(suo)理(li)也(ye)(ye);所(suo)贵(gui)勇(yong)者(zhe),为其(qi)(qi)(qi)行义(yi)也(ye)(ye);所(suo)贵(gui)法者(zhe),为其(qi)(qi)(qi)当(dang)(dang)(dang)务(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)。

跖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒问於跖曰:“盗(dao)有(you)(you)道(dao)乎?”跖曰:“奚啻(chi)其有(you)(you)道(dao)也(ye)?夫妄意关内,中(zhong)藏(zang),圣也(ye);入先,勇也(ye);出后(hou),义也(ye);知时,智(zhi)也(ye);分均,仁也(ye)。不(bu)通此五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)而能(neng)成大盗(dao)者(zhe),天下无有(you)(you)。”备说非(fei)六王(wang)(wang)、五(wu)(wu)伯(bo),以(yi)为尧(yao)有(you)(you)不(bu)慈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名,舜有(you)(you)不(bu)孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),禹有(you)(you)淫湎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,汤、武有(you)(you)放杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,五(wu)(wu)伯(bo)有(you)(you)暴乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋。世皆(jie)誉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),人皆(jie)讳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),惑也(ye)。故死(si)而操金(jin)椎(zhui)以(yi)葬,曰:“下见(jian)六王(wang)(wang)、五(wu)(wu)伯(bo),将敲其头(tou)矣(yi)!”辨若此不(bu)如无辨。

楚(chu)有直躬者,其父(fu)窃(qie)羊而(er)谒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)。上(shang)执而(er)将诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。直躬者请(qing)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。将诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)矣,告(gao)吏(li)曰:“父(fu)窃(qie)羊而(er)谒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)亦信乎(hu)?父(fu)诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而(er)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)亦孝(xiao)乎(hu)?信且孝(xiao)而(er)诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),国将有不(bu)诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者乎(hu)?”荆王闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃不(bu)诛(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)也。孔子闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“异(yi)哉(zai)!直躬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为信也。

一父而载取名焉。”故直(zhi)躬之(zhi)信(xin)不(bu)若(ruo)无信(xin)。

齐之好勇者,其一人(ren)居东郭,其一人(ren)居西(xi)郭。卒(zu)然相(xiang)遇於(wu)(wu)途,曰(yue):“姑相(xiang)饮乎?”觞数行,曰(yue):“姑求肉乎?”一人(ren)曰(yue):“子(zi),肉也;我,肉也;尚(shang)胡革求肉而为?於(wu)(wu)是具染而已。”因抽刀而相(xiang)啖(dan),至死而止。勇若此不若无勇。

纣(zhou)之同母(mu)三人,其(qi)长曰(yue)微子(zi)(zi)(zi)启(qi),其(qi)次曰(yue)中衍(yan),其(qi)次曰(yue)受(shou)德。受(shou)德乃纣(zhou)也,甚少矣。纣(zhou)母(mu)之生微子(zi)(zi)(zi)启(qi)与中衍(yan)也,尚(shang)为妾,已而(er)为妻而(er)生纣(zhou)。纣(zhou)之父、纣(zhou)之母(mu)欲置微子(zi)(zi)(zi)启(qi)以为太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、太(tai)史(shi)据法(fa)而(er)争之曰(yue):“有妻之子(zi)(zi)(zi),而(er)不可(ke)置妾之子(zi)(zi)(zi)。”纣(zhou)故(gu)为后。用(yong)法(fa)若此,不若无法(fa)。

长见(jian)五曰:智所以相过,以其长见(jian)与(yu)短见(jian)也。今(jin)之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)古也,犹(you)古之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)后世也;今(jin)之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)后世,亦(yi)犹(you)今(jin)之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)古也。故审知(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)则(ze)可知(zhi)(zhi)古,知(zhi)(zhi)古则(ze)可知(zhi)(zhi)后,古今(jin)前后一也。

故圣(sheng)人上知千岁,下(xia)知千岁也(ye)。

荆文王曰:“苋嘻数(shu)犯我(wo)(wo)以(yi)义,违我(wo)(wo)以(yi)礼,与(yu)处则不安(an),旷之而不谷(gu)得焉。

不(bu)(bu)以吾身爵(jue)之(zhi)(zhi),后世有圣人,将(jiang)(jiang)以非(fei)不(bu)(bu)谷。”於(wu)(wu)是(shi)爵(jue)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)大夫。“申侯(hou)伯善持养吾意,吾所欲(yu)则先我为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)处则安(an),旷之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)谷丧焉。不(bu)(bu)以吾身远之(zhi)(zhi),后世有圣人,将(jiang)(jiang)以非(fei)不(bu)(bu)谷。”於(wu)(wu)是(shi)送(song)而(er)(er)行之(zhi)(zhi)。申侯(hou)伯如(ru)郑(zheng),阿郑(zheng)君之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),先为(wei)其所欲(yu),三(san)年而(er)(er)知郑(zheng)国之(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)也(ye),五(wu)月而(er)(er)郑(zheng)人杀之(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)后世之(zhi)(zhi)圣人使文王为(wei)善於(wu)(wu)上世也(ye)。

晋平公铸为(wei)大(da)钟(zhong)(zhong),使(shi)工听之(zhi),皆(jie)以为(wei)调(diao)矣。师(shi)旷曰:“不调(diao),请更铸之(zhi)。”平公曰:“工皆(jie)以为(wei)调(diao)矣。”师(shi)旷曰:“后(hou)世有(you)知(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)者,将(jiang)知(zhi)(zhi)钟(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)不调(diao)也,臣窃为(wei)君耻之(zhi)。”至於(wu)师(shi)涓而(er)果知(zhi)(zhi)钟(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)不调(diao)也。是师(shi)旷欲善调(diao)钟(zhong)(zhong),以为(wei)后(hou)世之(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)者也。

吕太公(gong)(gong)望(wang)封於齐,周公(gong)(gong)旦(dan)封於鲁(lu)(lu),二君者(zhe)(zhe)甚相(xiang)善也(ye)。相(xiang)谓曰(yue):“何以治国(guo)?”太公(gong)(gong)望(wang)曰(yue):“尊贤上功。”周公(gong)(gong)旦(dan)曰(yue):“亲(qin)亲(qin)上恩。”太公(gong)(gong)望(wang)曰(yue):“鲁(lu)(lu)自(zi)此(ci)削(xue)矣(yi)。”周公(gong)(gong)旦(dan)曰(yue):“鲁(lu)(lu)虽削(xue),有齐者(zhe)(zhe)亦必(bi)非(fei)吕氏也(ye)。”其后,齐日(ri)以大,至(zhi)於霸,二十(shi)四世而田成子有齐国(guo)。鲁(lu)(lu)日(ri)以削(xue),至(zhi)於觐存,三十(shi)四世而亡。

吴(wu)(wu)起(qi)治西河(he)(he)之(zhi)外,王错谮(jian)之(zhi)於(wu)魏(wei)武侯,武侯使人(ren)召之(zhi)。吴(wu)(wu)起(qi)至於(wu)岸门,止车而(er)(er)望西河(he)(he),泣数行(xing)而(er)(er)下。其仆(pu)谓吴(wu)(wu)起(qi)曰(yue):“窃观公之(zhi)意,视释天下若释躧(xi),今(jin)去西河(he)(he)而(er)(er)泣,何也?”吴(wu)(wu)起(qi)抿泣而(er)(er)应之(zhi)曰(yue):“子(zi)不(bu)识。君知我而(er)(er)使我毕能,西河(he)(he)可以王。今(jin)君听谗(chan)人(ren)之(zhi)议而(er)(er)不(bu)知我,西河(he)(he)之(zhi)为秦(qin)取不(bu)久矣(yi),魏(wei)从此削矣(yi)。”吴(wu)(wu)起(qi)果(guo)去魏(wei)入楚。有(you)间,西河(he)(he)毕入秦(qin),秦(qin)日益大。此吴(wu)(wu)起(qi)之(zhi)所(suo)先(xian)见而(er)(er)泣也。

魏(wei)公叔(shu)(shu)座疾(ji),惠王(wang)往问之,曰(yue):“公叔(shu)(shu)之病(bing),嗟(jie)!疾(ji)甚矣(yi)!将柰社稷何?”公叔(shu)(shu)对曰(yue):“臣之御庶子鞅,愿王(wang)以国听(ting)之也。为不能听(ting),勿使出(chu)境。”王(wang)不应,出(chu)而谓左右曰(yue):“岂不悲哉?以公叔(shu)(shu)之贤(xian),而今谓寡人(ren)必(bi)以国听(ting)鞅,悖(bei)也夫!”公叔(shu)(shu)死(si),公孙鞅西(xi)游秦,秦孝公听(ting)之。秦果用强,魏(wei)果用弱。非(fei)公叔(shu)(shu)座之悖(bei)也,魏(wei)王(wang)则(ze)悖(bei)也。夫悖(bei)者之患(huan),固以不悖(bei)为悖(bei)。

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