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吕氏春秋--《审应览第六》

作者:佚名 文章来源:会员整理

审应一曰:人主出声应容,不可不审。凡主有识,言不欲先(xian)。人唱我(wo)(wo)和,人先(xian)我(wo)(wo)随,以其(qi)(qi)出为之入,以其(qi)(qi)言为之名,取其(qi)(qi)实(shi)以责其(qi)(qi)名,则说者不敢妄言,而人主之所执其(qi)(qi)要(yao)矣。

孔(kong)(kong)思请行,鲁(lu)君(jun)曰(yue):“天下主亦犹寡人也(ye)(ye),将焉之?”孔(kong)(kong)思对曰(yue):“盖(gai)闻君(jun)子(zi)犹鸟也(ye)(ye),骇(hai)则举。”鲁(lu)君(jun)曰(yue):“主不肖(xiao)而皆以然也(ye)(ye),违不肖(xiao),过不肖(xiao),而自以为(wei)能论天下之主乎?凡(fan)鸟之举也(ye)(ye),去骇(hai)从不骇(hai)。去骇(hai)从不骇(hai),未(wei)可知也(ye)(ye)。去骇(hai)从骇(hai),则鸟曷为(wei)举矣(yi)?”孔(kong)(kong)思之对鲁(lu)君(jun)也(ye)(ye),亦过矣(yi)。

魏(wei)(wei)(wei)惠王使人谓韩昭(zhao)(zhao)侯曰(yue)(yue):“夫郑(zheng)乃韩氏亡(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye),愿君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封其后也(ye)(ye)。此所(suo)谓存亡(wang)继绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。君若封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则大(da)(da)名(ming)。”昭(zhao)(zhao)侯患(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),公子食(shi)我曰(yue)(yue):“臣请往对之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”公子食(shi)我至於(wu)(wu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei),见(jian)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王,曰(yue)(yue):“大(da)(da)国命弊(bi)(bi)邑(yi)封郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,弊(bi)(bi)邑(yi)不(bu)敢当(dang)也(ye)(ye)。弊(bi)(bi)邑(yi)为大(da)(da)国所(suo)患(huan)。昔(xi)出公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后声氏为晋公,拘(ju)於(wu)(wu)铜鞮,大(da)(da)国弗怜也(ye)(ye),而使弊(bi)(bi)邑(yi)存亡(wang)继绝,弊(bi)(bi)邑(yi)不(bu)敢当(dang)也(ye)(ye)。”魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王惭曰(yue)(yue):“固非寡(gua)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)也(ye)(ye),客(ke)请勿复言。”是(shi)举不(bu)义以行不(bu)义也(ye)(ye)。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)王虽无以应,韩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为不(bu)义,愈益厚也(ye)(ye)。公子食(shi)我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辩,适足以饰非遂过。

魏昭(zhao)王(wang)问(wen)於田诎(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“寡(gua)人之(zhi)在东宫(gong)之(zhi)时(shi),闻先生之(zhi)议曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘为圣易(yi)。’有(you)(you)诸(zhu)乎(hu)?”田诎(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)臣之(zhi)所(suo)举也(ye)(ye)。”昭(zhao)王(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“然则先生圣于(yu)?”田诎(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)对(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)功(gong)而(er)知其(qi)(qi)圣也(ye)(ye),是尧(yao)之(zhi)知舜(shun)也(ye)(ye);待其(qi)(qi)功(gong)而(er)后知其(qi)(qi)舜(shun)也(ye)(ye),是市人之(zhi)知圣也(ye)(ye)。今诎(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)功(gong),而(er)王(wang)问(wen)诎(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘若圣乎(hu)’,敢问(wen)王(wang)亦(yi)其(qi)(qi)尧(yao)邪?”昭(zhao)王(wang)无以应。田诎(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)对(dui)(dui),昭(zhao)王(wang)固非(fei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“我知圣也(ye)(ye)”耳(er),问(wen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“先生其(qi)(qi)圣乎(hu)”己因以知圣对(dui)(dui)昭(zhao)王(wang)。昭(zhao)王(wang)有(you)(you)非(fei)其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you),田诎(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不察。

赵惠(hui)王谓公孙龙曰(yue):“寡(gua)人事偃(yan)(yan)兵(bing)(bing)十(shi)馀年矣,而不(bu)成,兵(bing)(bing)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)偃(yan)(yan)乎?”公孙龙对(dui)曰(yue):“偃(yan)(yan)兵(bing)(bing)之意,兼爱天(tian)(tian)下之心也。兼爱天(tian)(tian)下,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)以虚名为(wei)也,必有(you)其(qi)实。

今蔺、离石入秦(qin),而(er)王缟素布(bu)(bu)总(zong);东(dong)攻(gong)齐(qi)得(de)城,而(er)王加膳置酒。秦(qin)得(de)地而(er)王布(bu)(bu)总(zong),齐(qi)亡(wang)地而(er)王加膳,所(suo)非兼(jian)爱(ai)之心也。此偃兵之所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)成(cheng)也。”今有(you)人於此,无礼慢易而(er)求(qiu)敬,阿党不(bu)公而(er)求(qiu)令,烦号数(shu)变而(er)求(qiu)静,暴戾贪得(de)而(er)求(qiu)定,虽黄帝犹若困(kun)。

卫嗣君欲重税以(yi)聚粟(su),民(min)(min)(min)弗(fu)安,以(yi)告(gao)薄疑(yi)曰:“民(min)(min)(min)甚愚矣。夫聚粟(su)也(ye)(ye),将(jiang)以(yi)为民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)自藏(zang)之与在於(wu)上(shang),奚(xi)择?”薄疑(yi)曰:“不(bu)然。其(qi)在於(wu)民(min)(min)(min)而(er)君弗(fu)知(zhi),其(qi)不(bu)如在上(shang)也(ye)(ye);其(qi)在於(wu)上(shang)而(er)民(min)(min)(min)弗(fu)知(zhi),其(qi)不(bu)如在民(min)(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)。”凡听必反诸己,审(shen)则(ze)令无不(bu)听矣。国久则(ze)固,固则(ze)难(nan)亡。今虞、夏、殷、周无存者,皆(jie)不(bu)知(zhi)反诸己也(ye)(ye)。

公(gong)子(zi)(zi)沓相(xiang)周,申向(xiang)说之而(er)战(zhan)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)沓訾之曰(yue):“申子(zi)(zi)说我而(er)战(zhan),为吾相(xiang)也(ye)夫?”申向(xiang)曰(yue):“向(xiang)则不(bu)肖,虽然公(gong)子(zi)(zi)年二十(shi)而(er)相(xiang),见老者(zhe)(zhe)而(er)使之战(zhan),请(qing)问孰(shu)病哉(zai)?”公(gong)子(zi)(zi)沓无(wu)以(yi)(yi)应。战(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)习也(ye);使人(ren)战(zhan)者(zhe)(zhe),严驵也(ye)。意(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)恭(gong)节而(er)人(ren)犹战(zhan),任(ren)不(bu)在贵(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)矣。故人(ren)虽时有自失(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),犹无(wu)以(yi)(yi)易恭(gong)节。自失(shi)不(bu)足以(yi)(yi)难,以(yi)(yi)严驵则可。

重(zhong)言二曰:人(ren)主之(zhi)言,不可不慎(shen)。高(gao)宗,天(tian)子(zi)也。即(ji)位,谅暗。三年不言。卿大夫恐(kong)惧,患之(zhi)。高(gao)宗乃言曰:“以(yi)余(yu)一人(ren)正四方(fang),余(yu)唯恐(kong)言之(zhi)不类(lei)也,兹故不言。”古(gu)之(zhi)天(tian)子(zi),其重(zhong)言如(ru)此,故言无遗者。

成(cheng)王(wang)与(yu)唐叔虞(yu)(yu)燕居,援梧(wu)叶(ye)以为珪。而(er)授唐叔虞(yu)(yu)曰(yue):“余(yu)以此封(feng)(feng)女。”叔虞(yu)(yu)喜,以告周(zhou)公(gong)。周(zhou)公(gong)以请曰(yue):“天子(zi)(zi)(zi)其(qi)封(feng)(feng)虞(yu)(yu)邪?”成(cheng)王(wang)曰(yue):“余(yu)一人与(yu)虞(yu)(yu)戏(xi)也(ye)。”周(zhou)公(gong)对曰(yue):“臣闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),天子(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)戏(xi)言(yan)。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)言(yan),则史书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),工诵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),士称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”於是(shi)遂封(feng)(feng)叔虞(yu)(yu)于(yu)晋。周(zhou)公(gong)旦(dan)可谓善说矣,一称(cheng)而(er)令成(cheng)王(wang)益(yi)重言(yan),明爱(ai)弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),有辅王(wang)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)。

荆庄王(wang)立(li)三(san)年,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听而(er)好讔。成公贾入谏,王(wang)曰:“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谷(gu)禁(jin)谏者(zhe),今子谏,何故?”对曰:“臣非敢(gan)谏也(ye)(ye),愿与君王(wang)讔也(ye)(ye)。”王(wang)曰:“胡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)设不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谷(gu)矣(yi)?”对曰:“有(you)鸟止(zhi)於南方之(zhi)(zhi)阜,三(san)年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)动(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)飞不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鸣,是何鸟也(ye)(ye)?”王(wang)射之(zhi)(zhi),曰:“有(you)鸟止(zhi)於南方之(zhi)(zhi)阜,其(qi)三(san)年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)动(dong)(dong),将(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)定志意(yi)也(ye)(ye);其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)飞,将(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)长(zhang)羽翼也(ye)(ye);其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鸣,将(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)览民则(ze)也(ye)(ye)。是鸟虽无(wu)(wu)飞,飞将(jiang)(jiang)冲天;虽无(wu)(wu)鸣,鸣将(jiang)(jiang)骇人。贾出矣(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谷(gu)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。”明日朝,所(suo)进者(zhe)五人,所(suo)退者(zhe)十人。群臣大说,荆国之(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)相贺也(ye)(ye)。

故《诗(shi)》曰:“何其久也(ye),必有(you)以也(ye)。何其处也(ye),必有(you)与也(ye)。”其庄王之(zhi)谓邪(xie)!成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)贾之(zhi)讔也(ye),贤(xian)於太宰嚭之(zhi)说也(ye)。太宰嚭之(zhi)说,听(ting)乎夫差(cha),而吴(wu)国(guo)为墟;成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)贾之(zhi)讔。喻乎荆王,而荆国(guo)以霸。

齐桓公与管仲谋伐莒,谋未发而闻於国,桓公怪之,曰:“与仲父谋伐莒,谋未发而闻於国,其故何也?”管仲曰:“国必有圣人也。”桓公曰:“嘻!日之役者,有执蹠而(er)(er)上视(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),意(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)是(shi)邪!”乃(nai)令复(fu)役,无得相(xiang)代。少顷(qing),东郭(guo)牙至(zhi)。管(guan)仲(zhong)曰:“此(ci)(ci)必(bi)是(shi)已(yi)。”乃(nai)令宾(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)延(yan)之(zhi)而(er)(er)上,分级而(er)(er)立。管(guan)子(zi)(zi)曰:“子(zi)(zi)邪言伐(fa)莒(ju)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)?”对曰:“然(ran)。”管(guan)仲(zhong)曰:“我不言伐(fa)莒(ju),子(zi)(zi)何故(gu)(gu)言伐(fa)莒(ju)?”对曰:“臣闻(wen)君子(zi)(zi)善(shan)谋(mou),小人(ren)善(shan)意(yi)。臣窃(qie)意(yi)之(zhi)也。”管(guan)仲(zhong)曰:“我不言伐(fa)莒(ju),子(zi)(zi)何以(yi)意(yi)之(zhi)?”对曰:“臣闻(wen)君子(zi)(zi)有三色:显(xian)然(ran)喜乐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),钟(zhong)鼓之(zhi)色也;湫然(ran)清静(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),衰绖之(zhi)色也;艴然(ran)充盈(ying)、手(shou)足矜者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),兵革(ge)之(zhi)色也。日(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)臣望君之(zhi)在(zai)台上也,艴然(ran)充盈(ying)、手(shou)足矜者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)兵革(ge)之(zhi)色也。君呿而(er)(er)不唫,所言者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)‘莒(ju)’也;君举臂而(er)(er)指,所当者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)莒(ju)也。臣窃(qie)以(yi)虑诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)不服者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)惟莒(ju)乎!臣故(gu)(gu)言之(zhi)。”凡耳之(zhi)闻(wen),以(yi)声也。今不闻(wen)其(qi)声,而(er)(er)以(yi)其(qi)容与臂,是(shi)东郭(guo)牙不以(yi)耳听而(er)(er)闻(wen)也。桓公、管(guan)仲(zhong)虽善(shan)匿,弗能隐矣。故(gu)(gu)圣人(ren)听於无声,视(shi)於无形。詹何、田(tian)子(zi)(zi)方、老(lao)耽是(shi)也。

精谕(yu)三曰:圣人(ren)相谕(yu)不待言(yan),有先言(yan)言(yan)者(zhe)也。海(hai)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)有好蜻(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe),每居(ju)海(hai)上(shang),从(cong)蜻(qing)(qing)(qing)游,蜻(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)者(zhe)百数而(er)(er)不止,前后左(zuo)右尽蜻(qing)(qing)(qing)也,终(zhong)日(ri)玩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不去。其父告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“闻蜻(qing)(qing)(qing)皆(jie)从(cong)女居(ju),取而(er)(er)来(lai),吾将玩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”明日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)上(shang),而(er)(er)蜻(qing)(qing)(qing)无至(zhi)者(zhe)矣。

胜(sheng)书(shu)说周公(gong)旦(dan)曰(yue):“延小人众(zhong),徐言(yan)(yan)(yan)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻,疾(ji)言(yan)(yan)(yan)则(ze)(ze)人知之(zhi)。徐言(yan)(yan)(yan)乎,疾(ji)言(yan)(yan)(yan)乎?”周公(gong)旦(dan)曰(yue):“徐言(yan)(yan)(yan)。”胜(sheng)书(shu)曰(yue):“有事於此(ci)(ci),而(er)精(jing)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明,勿言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成。精(jing)言(yan)(yan)(yan)乎,勿言(yan)(yan)(yan)乎?”周公(gong)旦(dan)曰(yue):“勿言(yan)(yan)(yan)。”故胜(sheng)书(shu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)说,而(er)周公(gong)旦(dan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)听。此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)谓不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)听。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)谋,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻之(zhi)事,殷虽恶周,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)疵矣。口<口昬>不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan),以(yi)(yi)精(jing)相告,纣(zhou)虽多心,弗能(neng)(neng)(neng)知矣。目视(shi)於无形,耳听於无声,商闻虽众(zhong),弗能(neng)(neng)(neng)窥矣。同恶同好,志皆(jie)有欲(yu),虽为天子(zi),弗能(neng)(neng)(neng)离(li)矣。

孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)见(jian)(jian)温伯雪子(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)而(er)出。子(zi)(zi)(zi)贡(gong)曰(yue):“夫(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)欲见(jian)(jian)温伯雪子(zi)(zi)(zi)好矣(yi)(yi),今也(ye)(ye)见(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)言(yan),其(qi)故何也(ye)(ye)?”孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“若(ruo)夫(fu)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),目击而(er)道存矣(yi)(yi),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)容(rong)声矣(yi)(yi)。”故未(wei)见(jian)(jian)其(qi)人(ren)而(er)知其(qi)志,见(jian)(jian)其(qi)人(ren)而(er)心(xin)与志皆见(jian)(jian),天符同也(ye)(ye)。圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)相知,岂(qi)待言(yan)哉?白(bai)(bai)公(gong)问於孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“人(ren)可(ke)(ke)与微言(yan)乎?”孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)应。白(bai)(bai)公(gong)曰(yue):“若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)石投(tou)水(shui)(shui),奚若(ruo)?”孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“没(mei)人(ren)能取之(zhi)(zhi)。”白(bai)(bai)公(gong)曰(yue):“若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)投(tou)水(shui)(shui),奚若(ruo)?”孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“淄、渑之(zhi)(zhi)合(he)者(zhe)(zhe),易牙尝而(er)知之(zhi)(zhi)。”白(bai)(bai)公(gong)曰(yue):“然(ran)则(ze)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)与微言(yan)乎?”孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue):“胡(hu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)?唯知言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)谓者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)耳。”白(bai)(bai)公(gong)弗得也(ye)(ye)。知谓则(ze)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)矣(yi)(yi)。言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)谓之(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)。求(qiu)鱼者(zhe)(zhe)濡,争兽者(zhe)(zhe)趋,非乐之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。故至言(yan)去言(yan),至为(wei)(wei)(wei)无为(wei)(wei)(wei)。浅智者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)所争则(ze)末矣(yi)(yi)。此白(bai)(bai)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)死於法室(shi)。

齐桓(huan)公合诸(zhu)侯,卫(wei)人后至。公朝而(er)(er)(er)与管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)谋伐(fa)卫(wei),退(tui)朝而(er)(er)(er)入(ru),卫(wei)姬(ji)望见君(jun)(jun),下(xia)堂再拜,请(qing)卫(wei)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)罪。公曰:“吾於卫(wei)无故,子(zi)曷为请(qing)?”对曰:“妾望君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)也,足高气强,有(you)伐(fa)国之(zhi)(zhi)志也。见妾而(er)(er)(er)有(you)动色,伐(fa)卫(wei)也。”明(ming)日君(jun)(jun)朝,揖管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)进之(zhi)(zhi)。管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曰:“君(jun)(jun)舍卫(wei)乎?”公曰:“仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)父安识之(zhi)(zhi)?”管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曰:“君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)揖朝也恭,而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)也徐(xu),见臣(chen)(chen)而(er)(er)(er)有(you)惭色,臣(chen)(chen)是以(yi)知之(zhi)(zhi)。”君(jun)(jun)曰:“善。仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)父治(zhi)外,夫(fu)(fu)人治(zhi)内,寡人知终不(bu)为诸(zhu)侯笑矣。”桓(huan)公之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)匿者不(bu)言(yan)也,今管(guan)子(zi)乃以(yi)容貌音声,夫(fu)(fu)人乃以(yi)行步气志。桓(huan)公虽不(bu)言(yan),若暗(an)夜而(er)(er)(er)烛燎(liao)也。

晋襄公(gong)(gong)使人於(wu)周曰:“弊邑(yi)寡君(jun)寝(qin)疾,卜(bu)以守龟,曰:‘三(san)途(tu)(tu)为祟。’弊邑(yi)寡君(jun)使下臣愿(yuan)藉途(tu)(tu)而祈福焉(yan)。”天(tian)子许之(zhi)(zhi),朝,礼使者(zhe)事(shi)毕,客出。苌弘谓(wei)(wei)刘(liu)康公(gong)(gong)曰:“夫祈福於(wu)三(san)途(tu)(tu),而受礼於(wu)天(tian)子,此(ci)柔嘉(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye),而客武色,殆有他事(shi),愿(yuan)公(gong)(gong)备之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”刘(liu)康公(gong)(gong)乃儆戎车卒士以待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)。晋果使祭(ji)事(shi)先,因令杨子将(jiang)卒十(shi)二万而随(sui)之(zhi)(zhi),涉於(wu)棘(ji)津(jin),袭聊、阮(ruan)、梁蛮氏,灭(mie)三(san)国焉(yan)。此(ci)形名不(bu)相当,圣人之(zhi)(zhi)所察也(ye),苌弘则审(shen)矣。故言(yan)不(bu)足(zu)以断小事(shi),唯知言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)者(zhe)可为。

离谓四曰:言者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)谕意也(ye)。言意相(xiang)离,凶也(ye)。乱国(guo)之俗,甚(shen)多流(liu)言,而不(bu)(bu)顾其实(shi),务(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)毁,务(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)誉,毁誉成党,众口熏天(tian),贤(xian)不(bu)(bu)肖(xiao)不(bu)(bu)分。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)治国(guo),贤(xian)主(zhu)犹(you)惑(huo)之也(ye),又况乎不(bu)(bu)肖(xiao)者(zhe)乎?惑(huo)者(zhe)之患,不(bu)(bu)自(zi)以(yi)(yi)为惑(huo),故(gu)惑(huo)惑(huo)之中(zhong)有晓(xiao)焉,冥冥之中(zhong)有昭焉。亡(wang)国(guo)之主(zhu),不(bu)(bu)自(zi)以(yi)(yi)为惑(huo),故(gu)与桀、纣(zhou)、幽、厉皆也(ye)。然有亡(wang)者(zhe)国(guo),无二道(dao)矣(yi)。

郑(zheng)国(guo)多相县以(yi)书者(zhe),子产(chan)令(ling)无(wu)县书,邓(deng)析(xi)致之(zhi)。子产(chan)令(ling)无(wu)致书,邓(deng)析(xi)倚之(zhi)。

令无(wu)穷,则邓(deng)析应之(zhi)(zhi)亦无(wu)穷矣。是可(ke)不可(ke)无(wu)辩(bian)也(ye)。可(ke)不可(ke)无(wu)辩(bian),而(er)以赏罚,其罚愈疾(ji),其乱愈疾(ji)。此为国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)禁也(ye)。故辩(bian)而(er)不当理则伪,知而(er)不当理则诈。诈伪之(zhi)(zhi)民,先王之(zhi)(zhi)所诛也(ye)。理也(ye)者,是非之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)也(ye)。

洧水甚大,郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)溺者,人(ren)(ren)得(de)其(qi)死者。富(fu)人(ren)(ren)请赎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)人(ren)(ren)求金甚多(duo)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)告邓析(xi)(xi),邓析(xi)(xi)曰:“安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)(ren)必莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卖矣。”得(de)死者患之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)告邓析(xi)(xi),邓析(xi)(xi)又答之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此必无(wu)所(suo)更买矣。”夫伤(shang)忠(zhong)臣者有(you)(you)似(si)於此也。夫无(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)得(de)民(min),则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)无(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)得(de)民(min)伤(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)民(min),则(ze)又以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)有(you)(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)民(min)伤(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)(ren)主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)度者,无(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)知此,岂(qi)不(bu)悲(bei)哉?比(bi)干、苌弘以(yi)(yi)(yi)此死,箕子(zi)、商容以(yi)(yi)(yi)此穷,周公、召公以(yi)(yi)(yi)此疑,范蠡、子(zi)胥以(yi)(yi)(yi)此流,死生存亡安(an)危,从此生矣。

子产治郑,邓析务难之,与(yu)民(min)之有狱(yu)者(zhe)约(yue):大狱(yu)一衣,小狱(yu)襦袴。民(min)之献衣襦袴而学讼者(zhe),不可(ke)胜(sheng)数。以(yi)非(fei)为是,以(yi)是为非(fei),是非(fei)无度,而可(ke)与(yu)不可(ke)日(ri)变。

所欲(yu)胜因胜,所欲(yu)罪因罪。郑国(guo)大乱,民(min)口喧哗(hua)。子产患之(zhi),於是(shi)杀邓析而(er)戮之(zhi),民(min)心乃服,是(shi)非乃定,法律(lv)乃行(xing)。今世(shi)之(zhi)人(ren),多欲(yu)治其国(guo),而(er)莫之(zhi)诛邓析之(zhi)类(lei),此所以欲(yu)治而(er)愈(yu)乱也(ye)。

齐有事人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)事有难而弗死(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。遇故(gu)人(ren)於途(tu),故(gu)人(ren)曰(yue):“固(gu)不(bu)(bu)死(si)(si)乎(hu)?”对曰(yue):“然(ran)。凡事人(ren),以(yi)为利也(ye)(ye)(ye)。死(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)利,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)死(si)(si)。”故(gu)人(ren)曰(yue):“子尚(shang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)见(jian)人(ren)乎(hu)?”对曰(yue):“子以(yi)死(si)(si)为顾可(ke)(ke)以(yi)见(jian)人(ren)乎(hu)?”是者(zhe)(zhe)数(shu)传。不(bu)(bu)死(si)(si)於其君长,大不(bu)(bu)义也(ye)(ye)(ye),其辞犹不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)服(fu),辞之不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)断事也(ye)(ye)(ye)明(ming)矣。夫辞者(zhe)(zhe),意之表也(ye)(ye)(ye)。鉴(jian)其表而弃其意,悖。

故古之人,得其(qi)意(yi)(yi)则舍(she)其(qi)言(yan)矣。听言(yan)者以(yi)言(yan)观(guan)意(yi)(yi)也,听言(yan)而(er)意(yi)(yi)不可知,其(qi)与桥(qiao)言(yan)无择。

齐人有淳于(yu)髡者,以从(cong)说(shuo)魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)。魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)辨之(zhi)(zhi),约车十乘,将使之(zhi)(zhi)荆(jing)。辞(ci)而行,有以横说(shuo)魏(wei)王(wang)(wang),魏(wei)王(wang)(wang)乃止其(qi)(qi)行。失从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)意,又失横之(zhi)(zhi)事,夫其(qi)(qi)多能不若寡能,其(qi)(qi)有辩不若无(wu)辩。周鼎著倕(chui)而龁其(qi)(qi)指(zhi),先(xian)王(wang)(wang)有以见大巧(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)不可为也。

淫辞(ci)五曰:非(fei)辞(ci)无以(yi)相期,从(cong)辞(ci)则(ze)乱(luan)。乱(luan)辞(ci)之中又有辞(ci)焉,心之谓(wei)也。言(yan)(yan)不(bu)欺心,则(ze)近之矣(yi)。凡(fan)言(yan)(yan)者(zhe)以(yi)谕(yu)心也。言(yan)(yan)心相离,而上(shang)无以(yi)参(can)之,则(ze)下多所(suo)言(yan)(yan)非(fei)所(suo)行也,所(suo)行非(fei)所(suo)言(yan)(yan)也。言(yan)(yan)行相诡,不(bu)祥莫大焉。

空雄之(zhi)(zhi)遇,秦(qin)、赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)相与约(yue),约(yue)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“自今(jin)(jin)以来(lai),秦(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)为(wei),赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi);赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)为(wei),秦(qin)助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。”居无(wu)几何(he),秦(qin)兴兵攻(gong)魏(wei),赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)欲(yu)救之(zhi)(zhi)。秦(qin)王(wang)不(bu)说,使(shi)(shi)人让赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“约(yue)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘秦(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)为(wei),赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi);赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)为(wei),秦(qin)助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。’今(jin)(jin)秦(qin)欲(yu)攻(gong)魏(wei),而(er)(er)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)因欲(yu)救之(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)非(fei)约(yue)也(ye)。”赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)以告(gao)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun),平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)以告(gao)公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)龙(long),公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)龙(long)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“亦可以发使(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)让秦(qin)王(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)欲(yu)救之(zhi)(zhi),今(jin)(jin)秦(qin)王(wang)独不(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),此(ci)非(fei)约(yue)也(ye)。’”孔穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)龙(long)相与论於(wu)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)所(suo)(suo),深而(er)(er)辩,至於(wu)藏(zang)三(san)(san)牙,公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)龙(long)言藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)牙深辩。孔穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)应,少选(xuan),辞而(er)(er)出。明日,孔穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)朝(chao),平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)谓(wei)孔穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昔(xi)者公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)龙(long)之(zhi)(zhi)言甚(shen)辩。”孔穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“然(ran)。几能令(ling)藏(zang)三(san)(san)牙矣(yi)。虽然(ran)难(nan)(nan)。愿得有问於(wu)君(jun):谓(wei)藏(zang)三(san)(san)牙甚(shen)难(nan)(nan)而(er)(er)实(shi)非(fei)也(ye),谓(wei)藏(zang)两牙甚(shen)易(yi)而(er)(er)实(shi)是也(ye)。不(bu)知君(jun)将从易(yi)而(er)(er)是者乎,将从难(nan)(nan)而(er)(er)非(fei)者乎?”平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)不(bu)应。明日,谓(wei)公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)龙(long)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“公(gong)(gong)无(wu)与孔穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)辩。”荆(jing)柱国(guo)庄伯(bo)令(ling)其父(fu)视曰(yue)(yue)(yue),日“在(zai)天”;视其奚如,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“正圆(yuan)”;视其时,日“当今(jin)(jin)”。令(ling)谒者驾(jia),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“无(wu)马”。令(ling)涓(juan)人取冠,“进(jin)上”。问马齿(chi),圉(yu)人曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“齿(chi)十二与牙三(san)(san)十”。

人有任(ren)臣不亡者(zhe)(zhe),臣亡,庄伯决之,任(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)罪(zui)。

宋(song)有(you)澄子者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亡(wang)缁衣(yi)(yi)。求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途,见(jian)妇(fu)人衣(yi)(yi)缁衣(yi)(yi),援而弗舍,欲取(qu)其(qi)衣(yi)(yi),曰:“今者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)我(wo)亡(wang)缁衣(yi)(yi)。”妇(fu)人曰:“公虽亡(wang)缁衣(yi)(yi),此(ci)实吾(wu)所自为(wei)也(ye)。”澄子曰:“子不(bu)如速与(yu)我(wo)衣(yi)(yi)。昔(xi)吾(wu)所亡(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),纺缁也(ye);今子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)(yi),禅缁也(ye)。以禅缁当纺缁,子岂(qi)不(bu)得哉?”宋(song)王谓(wei)其(qi)相(xiang)唐(tang)鞅(yang)曰:“寡人所杀戮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)众矣,而群(qun)臣愈不(bu)畏(wei),其(qi)故(gu)何也(ye)?”唐(tang)鞅(yang)对曰:“王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所罪,尽不(bu)善(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。罪不(bu)善(shan)(shan),善(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)故(gu)为(wei)不(bu)畏(wei)。王欲群(qun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畏(wei)也(ye),不(bu)若无辨其(qi)善(shan)(shan)与(yu)不(bu)善(shan)(shan)而时罪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若此(ci)则群(qun)臣畏(wei)矣。”居无几(ji)何,宋(song)君杀唐(tang)鞅(yang)。唐(tang)鞅(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)对也(ye),不(bu)若无对。

惠(hui)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)魏惠(hui)王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)法。为(wei)(wei)(wei)法已成,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示诸民人,民人皆(jie)善(shan)之。献之惠(hui)王(wang),惠(hui)王(wang)善(shan)之,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示翟(zhai)翦,翟(zhai)翦曰(yue):“善(shan)也。”惠(hui)王(wang)曰(yue):“可(ke)行(xing)邪?”翟(zhai)翦曰(yue):“不(bu)(bu)可(ke)。”惠(hui)王(wang)曰(yue):“善(shan)而(er)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)行(xing),何故(gu)?”翟(zhai)翦对曰(yue):“今举大木(mu)者,前呼舆謣(yu),后亦(yi)应(ying)之,此其於举大木(mu)者善(shan)矣。岂(qi)无(wu)郑(zheng)、卫之音哉?然(ran)不(bu)(bu)若此其宜(yi)也。夫国(guo)亦(yi)木(mu)之大者也。”不(bu)(bu)屈六曰(yue):察(cha)(cha)士以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)得道(dao)则(ze)未也,虽然(ran),其应(ying)物也,辞难穷(qiong)矣。辞虽穷(qiong),其为(wei)(wei)(wei)祸(huo)福(fu)犹(you)未可(ke)知。察(cha)(cha)而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)达理明义,则(ze)察(cha)(cha)为(wei)(wei)(wei)福(fu)矣;察(cha)(cha)而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)饰(shi)非惑(huo)愚(yu),则(ze)察(cha)(cha)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祸(huo)矣。古者之贵善(shan)御也,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逐暴禁邪也。

魏(wei)惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)谓惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)曰:“上世之(zhi)(zhi)有国,必(bi)贤(xian)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)实不(bu)若先生,愿得传(chuan)(chuan)国。”惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)辞(ci)。王(wang)又固(gu)请曰:“寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)莫有之(zhi)(zhi)国於此者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)传(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)者(zhe),民之(zhi)(zhi)贪争之(zhi)(zhi)心止矣。欲(yu)(yu)先生之(zhi)(zhi)以此听(ting)寡(gua)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)曰:“若王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)言,则施(shi)不(bu)可而(er)(er)听(ting)矣。王(wang)固(gu)万乘之(zhi)(zhi)主也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),以国与人(ren)(ren)犹尚可。今(jin)(jin)施(shi),布衣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),可以有万乘之(zhi)(zhi)国而(er)(er)辞(ci)之(zhi)(zhi),此其(qi)止贪争之(zhi)(zhi)心愈甚(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)谓惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)曰:古之(zhi)(zhi)有国者(zhe),必(bi)贤(xian)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫受(shou)而(er)(er)贤(xian)者(zhe),舜(shun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是欲(yu)(yu)惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)舜(shun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);夫辞(ci)而(er)(er)贤(xian)者(zhe),许由(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)欲(yu)(yu)为(wei)许由(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);传(chuan)(chuan)而(er)(er)贤(xian)者(zhe),尧(yao)(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),是惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)欲(yu)(yu)为(wei)尧(yao)(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尧(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)、许由(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo),非独传(chuan)(chuan)舜(shun)而(er)(er)由(you)(you)辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),他行(xing)称此。今(jin)(jin)无(wu)其(qi)他,而(er)(er)欲(yu)(yu)为(wei)尧(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)、许由(you)(you),故惠(hui)(hui)王(wang)布冠而(er)(er)拘于鄄,齐威王(wang)几(ji)弗受(shou);惠(hui)(hui)子(zi)易衣变冠,乘舆而(er)(er)走,几(ji)不(bu)出乎魏(wei)境(jing)。凡自行(xing)不(bu)可以幸(xing)为(wei),必(bi)诚。

匡章谓惠子於魏王之(zhi)前曰:“蝗螟,农夫得而杀(sha)之(zhi),奚故?为其害稼也。今(jin)公(gong)行,多者(zhe)(zhe)数(shu)百乘,步者(zhe)(zhe)数(shu)百人;少者(zhe)(zhe)数(shu)十乘,步者(zhe)(zhe)数(shu)十人。此无耕而食者(zhe)(zhe),其害稼亦甚(shen)矣。”惠王曰:“惠子施也难以(yi)(yi)辞与公(gong)相应。虽(sui)然,请言其志。”惠子曰:“今(jin)之(zhi)城者(zhe)(zhe),或者(zhe)(zhe)操(cao)大筑乎(hu)城上,或负畚(ben)而赴乎(hu)城下,或操(cao)表掇以(yi)(yi)善(shan)睎(xi)望。

若(ruo)施(shi)者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)操(cao)表掇者(zhe)也(ye)。使(shi)工女化(hua)而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)丝,不(bu)(bu)能治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丝;使(shi)大(da)(da)匠化(hua)而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)木(mu),不(bu)(bu)能治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木(mu);使(shi)圣人(ren)化(hua)而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)农(nong)(nong)夫,不(bu)(bu)能治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)农(nong)(nong)夫。施(shi)而(er)(er)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)农(nong)(nong)夫者(zhe)也(ye),公何(he)事比施(shi)於(wu)螣(teng)螟乎?”惠子(zi)之治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魏(wei)为(wei)(wei)本,其(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。当惠王(wang)之时,五十战(zhan)而(er)(er)二(er)十败(bai),所杀者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)胜(sheng)数(shu),大(da)(da)将(jiang)、爱子(zi)有禽者(zhe)也(ye)。大(da)(da)术(shu)之愚,为(wei)(wei)天(tian)下笑,得举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)讳(hui)。乃请令周太史更著其(qi)(qi)(qi)名。

围邯郸三年而弗能取,士民罢潞,国(guo)(guo)家(jia)空(kong)虚,天下之兵(bing)四至,众庶诽谤,诸侯不誉。谢於(wu)翟翦(jian),而更(geng)听其(qi)谋(mou),社稷乃存。名宝散出,土地四削,魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)从此衰矣。

仲父(fu),大(da)(da)名也(ye);让(rang)国,大(da)(da)实(shi)也(ye)。说以不(bu)听(ting)不(bu)信。听(ting)而(er)(er)若此(ci),不(bu)可谓工矣。不(bu)工而(er)(er)治(zhi),贼天下莫(mo)大(da)(da)焉。幸而(er)(er)独听(ting)於魏也(ye)。以贼天下为(wei)实(shi),以治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)名,匡章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)(fei),不(bu)亦可乎!白(bai)圭(gui)(gui)新(xin)(xin)与惠(hui)(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)见也(ye),惠(hui)(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以强(qiang),白(bai)圭(gui)(gui)无以应。惠(hui)(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)出,白(bai)圭(gui)(gui)告人(ren)曰(yue)(yue):“人(ren)有新(xin)(xin)取妇(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),妇(fu)(fu)至,宜安矜烟(yan)视媚行。竖子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)操蕉(jiao)火(huo)而(er)(er)钜,新(xin)(xin)妇(fu)(fu)曰(yue)(yue):‘蕉(jiao)火(huo)大(da)(da)钜’。入於门(men),门(men)中有敛陷,新(xin)(xin)妇(fu)(fu)曰(yue)(yue):‘塞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!将伤人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足。’此(ci)非(fei)(fei)不(bu)便之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家氏也(ye),然而(er)(er)有大(da)(da)甚(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)。今惠(hui)(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遇我(wo)(wo)尚新(xin)(xin),其(qi)说我(wo)(wo)有大(da)(da)甚(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)。”惠(hui)(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue)(yue):“不(bu)然。《诗(shi)》曰(yue)(yue):‘恺(kai)(kai)悌(ti)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。’恺(kai)(kai)者(zhe)(zhe)大(da)(da)也(ye),悌(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)长也(ye)。君子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),长且大(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe),则为(wei)民父(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。父(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye),岂待久哉?何(he)事(shi)比我(wo)(wo)於新(xin)(xin)妇(fu)(fu)乎?《诗(shi)》岂曰(yue)(yue)‘恺(kai)(kai)悌(ti)新(xin)(xin)妇(fu)(fu)’哉?”诽污(wu)因(yin)污(wu),诽辟(pi)因(yin)辟(pi),是诽者(zhe)(zhe)与所非(fei)(fei)同(tong)也(ye)。白(bai)圭(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue):惠(hui)(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遇我(wo)(wo)尚新(xin)(xin),其(qi)说我(wo)(wo)有大(da)(da)甚(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)。惠(hui)(hui)(hui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)闻而(er)(er)诽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因(yin)自以为(wei)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),其(qi)非(fei)(fei)有甚(shen)於白(bai)圭(gui)(gui)亦有大(da)(da)甚(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)。

应言(yan)(yan)七曰(yue):白(bai)(bai)圭谓魏王(wang)曰(yue):“市(shi)丘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼎以(yi)烹鸡,多洎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则淡而不可食,少洎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则焦(jiao)而不熟(shu),然(ran)而视(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蝺(ju)焉美(mei),无(wu)(wu)所(suo)可用(yong)。惠子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan),有似於此。”惠子(zi)(zi)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue):“不然(ran)。使(shi)三(san)军饥而居鼎旁,适(shi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甑。则莫宜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此鼎矣。”白(bai)(bai)圭闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue):“无(wu)(wu)所(suo)可用(yong)者,意(yi)者徒加其(qi)甑邪?”白(bai)(bai)圭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论自(zi)悖,其(qi)少魏王(wang)大甚(shen)。以(yi)惠子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)蝺(ju)焉美(mei),无(wu)(wu)所(suo)可用(yong),是魏王(wang)以(yi)言(yan)(yan)无(wu)(wu)所(suo)可用(yong)者为(wei)仲父(fu)也(ye)(ye),是以(yi)言(yan)(yan)无(wu)(wu)所(suo)用(yong)者为(wei)美(mei)也(ye)(ye)。

公孙龙说燕(yan)昭王(wang)以(yi)偃兵,昭王(wang)曰(yue)(yue):“甚善。寡人愿与(yu)客计之(zhi)。”公孙龙曰(yue)(yue):“窃(qie)意(yi)大(da)王(wang)之(zhi)弗(fu)为(wei)也。”王(wang)曰(yue)(yue):“何故?”公孙龙曰(yue)(yue):“日者(zhe)大(da)王(wang)欲(yu)破齐(qi),诸天下之(zhi)士其(qi)欲(yu)破齐(qi)者(zhe),大(da)王(wang)尽养(yang)(yang)之(zhi);知齐(qi)之(zhi)险阻(zu)要塞、君臣(chen)之(zhi)际者(zhe),大(da)王(wang)尽养(yang)(yang)之(zhi);虽知而弗(fu)欲(yu)破者(zhe),大(da)王(wang)犹若弗(fu)养(yang)(yang)。其(qi)卒(zu)果破齐(qi)以(yi)为(wei)功。今(jin)大(da)王(wang)曰(yue)(yue):我甚取偃兵。

诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)士在大王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)本朝者,尽善用兵者也。臣是以知(zhi)大王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)弗为也。王(wang)(wang)(wang)无以应。”司马喜难墨(mo)者师(shi)(shi)於中山王(wang)(wang)(wang)前以非攻(gong),曰(yue):“先生之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)术(shu)非攻(gong)夫(fu)?”墨(mo)者师(shi)(shi)曰(yue):“然。”曰(yue):“今王(wang)(wang)(wang)兴兵而攻(gong)燕,先生将非王(wang)(wang)(wang)乎(hu)?”墨(mo)者师(shi)(shi)对曰(yue):“然则相国是攻(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)?”司马喜曰(yue):“然。”墨(mo)者师(shi)(shi)曰(yue):“今赵兴兵而攻(gong)中山,相国将是之(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)?”司马喜无以应。

路(lu)说(shuo)谓周(zhou)颇曰“公不(bu)爱赵,天下必从(cong)。”周(zhou)颇曰“固欲天下之(zhi)从(cong)也。天下从(cong),则秦(qin)利(li)也。路(lu)说(shuo)应之(zhi)曰:“然则公欲秦(qin)之(zhi)利(li)夫(fu)?”周(zhou)颇曰:“欲之(zhi)。”路(lu)说(shuo)曰:“公欲之(zhi),则胡不(bu)为从(cong)矣?”魏令孟卬(ang)割绛(jiang)、汾(fen)、安邑之(zhi)地(di)以与秦(qin)王。王喜(xi),令起贾为孟卬(ang)求司徒於魏王。

魏(wei)王(wang)不(bu)说,应起(qi)贾(jia)曰(yue)(yue):“卬(ang)(ang)(ang),寡(gua)(gua)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)也。寡(gua)(gua)人(ren)(ren)宁以(yi)臧为(wei)司(si)徒(tu)(tu),无(wu)(wu)用(yong)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)。愿(yuan)大(da)(da)(da)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)以(yi)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)诏之(zhi)(zhi)也。”起(qi)贾(jia)出,遇孟(meng)(meng)(meng)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)於(wu)廷。曰(yue)(yue):“公之(zhi)(zhi)事何如?”起(qi)贾(jia)曰(yue)(yue):“公甚贱子公之(zhi)(zhi)主。公之(zhi)(zhi)主曰(yue)(yue):宁用(yong)臧为(wei)司(si)徒(tu)(tu),无(wu)(wu)用(yong)公。”孟(meng)(meng)(meng)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)入见,谓魏(wei)王(wang)曰(yue)(yue):“秦客(ke)何言?”王(wang)曰(yue)(yue):“求以(yi)女为(wei)司(si)徒(tu)(tu)。”孟(meng)(meng)(meng)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)曰(yue)(yue):“王(wang)应之(zhi)(zhi)谓何?”王(wang)曰(yue)(yue):“宁以(yi)臧,无(wu)(wu)用(yong)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)也。”孟(meng)(meng)(meng)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)太息(xi)曰(yue)(yue):“宜矣(yi)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)於(wu)秦也!王(wang)何疑秦之(zhi)(zhi)善臣(chen)也?以(yi)绛、汾(fen)、安(an)邑令(ling)负牛(niu)书与(yu)秦,犹(you)乃(nai)善牛(niu)也。卬(ang)(ang)(ang)虽不(bu)肖(xiao),独不(bu)如牛(niu)乎?且(qie)王(wang)令(ling)三(san)将(jiang)军为(wei)臣(chen)先,曰(yue)(yue)‘视卬(ang)(ang)(ang)如身’,是(shi)臣(chen)重也。令(ling)二轻臣(chen)也,令(ling)臣(chen)责(ze),卬(ang)(ang)(ang)虽贤,固能乎?”居三(san)日,魏(wei)王(wang)乃(nai)听(ting)起(qi)贾(jia)。凡人(ren)(ren)主之(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)其大(da)(da)(da)官也,为(wei)有益(yi)也。今割国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)锱锤矣(yi),而因得(de)大(da)(da)(da)官,且(qie)何地以(yi)给之(zhi)(zhi)?大(da)(da)(da)官,人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)欲也。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)令(ling)秦得(de)其所(suo)欲,秦亦令(ling)孟(meng)(meng)(meng)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)得(de)其所(suo)欲,责(ze)以(yi)偿矣(yi),尚(shang)有何责(ze)?魏(wei)虽强,犹(you)不(bu)能责(ze)无(wu)(wu)责(ze),又(you)况於(wu)弱?魏(wei)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)乎孟(meng)(meng)(meng)卬(ang)(ang)(ang)为(wei)司(si)徒(tu)(tu),以(yi)弃其责(ze),则拙也。

秦王立帝,宜阳许绾(wan)诞(dan)魏(wei)(wei)王,魏(wei)(wei)王将(jiang)入秦。魏(wei)(wei)敬(jing)谓(wei)王曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“以河(he)内孰与(yu)梁(liang)重?”王曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“梁(liang)重。”又曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“梁(liang)孰与(yu)身重?”王曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“身重。”又曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“若使(shi)秦求河(he)内,则(ze)王将(jiang)与(yu)之(zhi)乎?”王曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“弗(fu)与(yu)也(ye)。”魏(wei)(wei)敬(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“河(he)内,三论(lun)之(zhi)下也(ye);身,三论(lun)之(zhi)上(shang)也(ye)。秦索其(qi)(qi)下而王弗(fu)听,索其(qi)(qi)上(shang)而王听之(zhi),臣(chen)窃不(bu)取也(ye)。”王曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“甚然。”乃辍(chuo)行。秦虽大胜於长平(ping),三年然后决,士(shi)民倦(juan),粮食。当此时(shi)也(ye),两周全,其(qi)(qi)北存,魏(wei)(wei)举(ju)陶削卫,地方六百,有之(zhi)势是而入,大蚤,奚待於魏(wei)(wei)敬(jing)之(zhi)说(shuo)也(ye)?夫未(wei)可以入而入,其(qi)(qi)患有将(jiang)可以入而不(bu)入。入与(yu)不(bu)入之(zhi)时(shi),不(bu)可不(bu)熟论(lun)也(ye)。

具(ju)(ju)备八曰:今(jin)有(you)(you)羿、蜂蒙(meng)、繁弱於此,而(er)无(wu)弦(xian),则必不能(neng)中也(ye)。中非独弦(xian)也(ye),而(er)弦(xian)为弓中之具(ju)(ju)也(ye)。夫立功名亦有(you)(you)具(ju)(ju),不得(de)其(qi)具(ju)(ju),贤虽过汤、武。则劳而(er)无(wu)功矣。

汤(tang)尝(chang)约於郼、薄矣(yi),武(wu)王尝(chang)穷於毕(bi)、裎(cheng)矣(yi),伊(yi)尹尝(chang)居於庖(pao)厨矣(yi),太(tai)公尝(chang)隐於钓鱼矣(yi)。贤非衰也(ye),智(zhi)非愚(yu)也(ye),皆无其具(ju)也(ye)。故凡立功(gong)名,虽贤,必有(you)其具(ju),然后可成(cheng)。

宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贱治亶父,恐鲁(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)听谗人,而令己(ji)不(bu)得行其术也(ye),将辞(ci)而行,请近吏二人於(wu)鲁(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)与之(zhi)(zhi)俱。至於(wu)亶父,邑吏皆(jie)朝。宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贱令吏二人书(shu)(shu)。吏方(fang)将书(shu)(shu),宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贱从旁时掣摇(yao)其肘,吏书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)善(shan),则宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贱为之(zhi)(zhi)怒。吏甚患之(zhi)(zhi),辞(ci)而请归。宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贱曰:“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)甚不(bu)善(shan),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)勉归矣!”二吏归报(bao)於(wu)君(jun)(jun),曰:“宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)可为书(shu)(shu)。”君(jun)(jun)曰:“何故(gu)?”吏对曰:“宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使(shi)臣(chen)书(shu)(shu),而时掣摇(yao)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)肘,书(shu)(shu)恶(e)而有甚怒,吏皆(jie)笑宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。此臣(chen)所以(yi)辞(ci)而去也(ye)。”鲁(lu)(lu)君(jun)(jun)太息而叹(tan)曰:“宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)此谏寡人之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)肖也(ye)。

寡(gua)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),而(er)令宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不得(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)术,必数有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。微二人(ren),寡(gua)人(ren)几过。”遂发(fa)所爱而(er)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亶父(fu),告宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):“自今以来,亶父(fu)非寡(gua)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)(you)便於(wu)(wu)亶父(fu)者(zhe),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)决为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。五岁而(er)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要。”宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)敬诺,乃(nai)得(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)术於(wu)(wu)亶父(fu)。三年,巫(wu)马旗短褐(he)衣弊(bi)裘(qiu)而(er)往(wang)观化於(wu)(wu)亶父(fu),见(jian)夜渔(yu)者(zhe),得(de)(de)(de)则(ze)舍(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。巫(wu)马旗问焉,曰(yue)(yue):“渔(yu)为得(de)(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),今子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)得(de)(de)(de)而(er)舍(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),何也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?”对曰(yue)(yue):“宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不欲(yu)(yu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取小鱼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所舍(she)者(zhe)小鱼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”巫(wu)马旗归,告孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):“宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德至(zhi)矣(yi),使民暗(an)行(xing)(xing)若(ruo)有(you)(you)(you)严(yan)刑於(wu)(wu)旁(pang)。敢问宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)何以至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)?”孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):“丘(qiu)尝(chang)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue):‘诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)乎(hu)(hu)此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)刑乎(hu)(hu)彼。’宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)必行(xing)(xing)此(ci)(ci)术於(wu)(wu)亶父(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”夫宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)此(ci)(ci)术也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),鲁君后(hou)(hou)得(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鲁君后(hou)(hou)得(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),宓(mi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)先有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)备也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)备,岂(qi)遽必哉?此(ci)(ci)鲁君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三月婴(ying)儿,轩冕在(zai)前,弗知欲(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);斧钺在(zai)后(hou)(hou),弗知恶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);慈母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爱,谕焉。诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)乃(nai)合於(wu)(wu)情(qing)。精有(you)(you)(you)精乃(nai)通於(wu)(wu)天(tian)。乃(nai)通於(wu)(wu)天(tian),水木(mu)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,皆(jie)可动(dong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),又况於(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)血气者(zhe)乎(hu)(hu)?故(gu)凡说与(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)务莫若(ruo)诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。听(ting)言(yan)(yan)哀(ai)者(zhe),不若(ruo)见(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);听(ting)言(yan)(yan)怒者(zhe),不若(ruo)见(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)斗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。说与(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)不诚(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)动(dong)人(ren)心不神。

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