不(bu)(bu)(bu)苟一曰：贤者(zhe)之事也，虽贵不(bu)(bu)(bu)苟为(wei)，虽听(ting)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自阿(a)，必中理然(ran)后动，必当(dang)义(yi)然(ran)后举，此忠臣之行也。贤主(zhu)之所(suo)说(shuo)，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肖主(zhu)虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)肖其说(shuo)，非恶(e)其声也。人主(zhu)虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)肖，其说(shuo)忠臣之声与贤主(zhu)同，行其实(shi)则与贤主(zhu)有异。异，故(gu)其功名祸(huo)福亦异。异，故(gu)子(zi)胥见说(shuo)於阖闾，而(er)(er)恶(e)乎(hu)夫差；比干生(sheng)而(er)(er)恶(e)於商，死而(er)(er)见说(shuo)乎(hu)周。
武(wu)王(wang)(wang)至殷郊，系堕。五(wu)人御於前，莫肯(ken)之(zhi)为，曰：“吾所以事君者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)系也。”武(wu)王(wang)(wang)左释白羽，右释黄钺，勉而(er)自为系。孔(kong)子闻之(zhi)曰：“此五(wu)人者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)所以为王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)佐(zuo)也，不(bu)肖主(zhu)之(zhi)所弗安也。”故天子有(you)不(bu)胜(sheng)细民者(zhe)(zhe)，天下有(you)不(bu)胜(sheng)千乘者(zhe)(zhe)。
秦(qin)缪(mou)公(gong)见戎由余(yu)(yu)，说而(er)欲(yu)留之，由余(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肯(ken)。缪(mou)公(gong)以(yi)告蹇叔(shu)。蹇叔(shu)曰：“君以(yi)告内(nei)(nei)史廖。”内(nei)(nei)史廖对曰：“戎人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)达於五音与五味，君不(bu)(bu)(bu)若(ruo)遗(yi)之。”缪(mou)公(gong)以(yi)女乐二八人(ren)与良宰遗(yi)之。戎王喜，迷惑大(da)乱，饮酒昼(zhou)夜不(bu)(bu)(bu)休。由余(yu)(yu)骤谏而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)听，因(yin)怒而(er)归缪(mou)公(gong)也。蹇叔(shu)非不(bu)(bu)(bu)能为内(nei)(nei)史廖之所为也，其义不(bu)(bu)(bu)行也。缪(mou)公(gong)能令(ling)人(ren)臣(chen)时(shi)立其正义，故雪殽之耻，而(er)西至河雍(yong)也。
秦(qin)缪公相(xiang)百(bai)里奚(xi)(xi)。晋使(shi)叔虎、齐(qi)使(shi)东郭蹇如秦(qin)，公孙枝请见之(zhi)。公曰(yue)：“请见客，子(zi)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)欤(yu)？”对曰(yue)：“非也(ye)(ye)。”“相(xiang)国使(shi)子(zi)乎？”对曰(yue)：“不也(ye)(ye)。”公曰(yue)：“然则子(zi)事(shi)(shi)非子(zi)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。秦(qin)国僻陋戎夷，事(shi)(shi)服(fu)其任，人事(shi)(shi)其事(shi)(shi)，犹惧为(wei)(wei)诸侯笑(xiao)，今(jin)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)非子(zi)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)！退(tui)！将论而(er)罪。”公孙枝出，自敷於百(bai)里氏(shi)。百(bai)里奚(xi)(xi)请之(zhi)。公曰(yue)：“此所闻於相(xiang)国欤(yu)？枝无罪，奚(xi)(xi)请？有罪，奚(xi)(xi)请焉？”百(bai)里奚(xi)(xi)归，辞(ci)公孙枝。
公(gong)孙枝徙，自敷於(wu)街。百里(li)奚令吏行(xing)其(qi)罪。定分官，此古人之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)为法也。今缪公(gong)乡(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)矣。其(qi)霸西戎，岂(qi)不宜哉(zai)？晋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)将(jiang)伐邺(ye)，赵衰(shuai)言(yan)(yan)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)胜(sheng)邺(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)术(shu)。文(wen)(wen)公(gong)用之(zhi)(zhi)，果胜(sheng)。还，将(jiang)行(xing)赏(shang)。衰(shuai)曰(yue)：“君将(jiang)赏(shang)其(qi)本(ben)乎？赏(shang)其(qi)末(mo)乎？赏(shang)其(qi)末(mo)，则(ze)骑乘者(zhe)存(cun)；赏(shang)其(qi)本(ben)，则(ze)臣闻之(zhi)(zhi)郤子(zi)虎。”文(wen)(wen)公(gong)召郤子(zi)虎曰(yue)：“衰(shuai)言(yan)(yan)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)胜(sheng)邺(ye)，邺(ye)既胜(sheng)，将(jiang)赏(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)，曰(yue)‘盖闻之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)子(zi)虎，请赏(shang)子(zi)虎。’”子(zi)虎曰(yue)：“言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)易，行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)难，臣言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)也。”公(gong)曰(yue)：“子(zi)无辞。”郤子(zi)虎不敢(gan)固(gu)辞，乃受矣。凡行(xing)赏(shang)欲其(qi)博(bo)也，博(bo)则(ze)多助(zhu)。今虎非亲言(yan)(yan)者(zhe)也，而赏(shang)犹及之(zhi)(zhi)，此疏远者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)尽能竭智(zhi)者(zhe)也。晋文(wen)(wen)公(gong)亡(wang)久(jiu)矣，归(gui)而因大乱之(zhi)(zhi)馀，犹能以(yi)霸，其(qi)由此欤(yu)。
赞能二(er)曰(yue)：贤者(zhe)善人以(yi)人，中(zhong)人以(yi)事，不肖者(zhe)以(yi)财。得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十良(liang)马，不若(ruo)(ruo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一伯乐(le)；得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十良(liang)剑，不若(ruo)(ruo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一欧冶；得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地千里，不若(ruo)(ruo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一圣人。舜得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皋陶而(er)舜授之(zhi)(zhi)，汤得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伊尹而(er)有(you)夏(xia)民(min)，文王(wang)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吕望而(er)服殷(yin)商。夫(fu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣人，岂(qi)有(you)里数哉？管子束缚(fu)在鲁，桓(huan)公欲相鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)。鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)曰(yue)：“吾(wu)君(jun)欲霸王(wang)，则(ze)管夷(yi)吾(wu)在彼(bi)。臣(chen)弗若(ruo)(ruo)也(ye)。”桓(huan)公曰(yue)：“夷(yi)吾(wu)，寡人之(zhi)(zhi)贼也(ye)，射(she)我(wo)者(zhe)也(ye)，不可。”鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)曰(yue)：“夷(yi)吾(wu)，为其君(jun)射(she)人者(zhe)也(ye)。君(jun)若(ruo)(ruo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而(er)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)彼(bi)亦将为君(jun)射(she)人。”桓(huan)公不听，强(qiang)相鲍(bao)(bao)叔(shu)。
固辞(ci)让，而(er)相桓公果听之(zhi)。於(wu)是(shi)乎(hu)使人告鲁曰：“管夷(yi)吾，寡人之(zhi)雠(chou)也，愿得之(zhi)而(er)亲(qin)加手(shou)焉(yan)。”鲁君许(xu)诺，乃使吏鞹其(qi)拳，胶其(qi)目(mu)，盛之(zhi)以鸱夷(yi)，置之(zhi)车中。
至齐(qi)(qi)境，桓(huan)公(gong)使人以朝车(che)迎(ying)之(zhi)，祓以爟火(huo)，衅以犠猳焉，生(sheng)与之(zhi)如国(guo)。命有司除庙(miao)筵几，而荐之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)：“自孤之(zhi)闻夷吾之(zhi)言也，目益明，耳益聪。孤弗敢专，敢以告于(yu)先君。”因顾(gu)而命管子(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“夷吾佐予！”管仲还走，再拜稽首(shou)，受令(ling)而出(chu)。管子(zi)治(zhi)齐(qi)(qi)国(guo)，举事有功(gong)，桓(huan)公(gong)必先赏(shang)(shang)鲍叔(shu)，曰(yue)(yue)：“使齐(qi)(qi)国(guo)得管子(zi)者(zhe)，鲍叔(shu)也。”桓(huan)公(gong)可谓知行(xing)赏(shang)(shang)矣(yi)。凡行(xing)赏(shang)(shang)欲其(qi)本(ben)也，本(ben)则过无由生(sheng)矣(yi)。
孙叔(shu)敖、沈(shen)尹茎(jing)相与(yu)友。叔(shu)敖游於(wu)郢(ying)三年，声问不(bu)知，修行不(bu)闻。沈(shen)尹茎(jing)谓(wei)孙叔(shu)敖曰：“说义以(yi)听，方术信行，能令人主上至於(wu)王，下至於(wu)霸，我不(bu)若(ruo)子也。
耦世接俗，说义调均，以(yi)适(shi)主心，子(zi)不(bu)若我也(ye)。子(zi)何以(yi)不(bu)归耕乎？吾将(jiang)为(wei)子(zi)游。”沈(shen)尹茎(jing)游於郢五年，荆王(wang)欲以(yi)为(wei)令尹，沈(shen)尹茎(jing)辞(ci)曰(yue)：“期思之鄙人有孙叔敖(ao)者，圣人也(ye)。王(wang)必用之，臣不(bu)若也(ye)。”荆王(wang)於是使人以(yi)王(wang)舆迎叔敖(ao)，以(yi)为(wei)令尹，十二年而庄王(wang)霸。此(ci)沈(shen)尹茎(jing)之力也(ye)。功无(wu)大乎进(jin)贤。
自(zi)(zi)知三(san)曰：欲(yu)知平直，则必准绳；欲(yu)知方圆，则必规矩；人主欲(yu)自(zi)(zi)知，则必直士。
故(gu)天(tian)子立辅弼，设师(shi)保，所以(yi)举过也(ye)。夫人(ren)故(gu)不能自知(zhi)，人(ren)主犹其。存亡安危，勿求(qiu)於外，务(wu)在(zai)自知(zhi)。
尧有欲谏(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼓，舜(shun)有诽谤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木(mu)，汤有司过之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，武王有戒慎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼗(tao)，犹恐(kong)不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)。今贤非(fei)尧舜(shun)汤武也(ye)，而(er)有掩蔽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，奚(xi)繇(zhou)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)哉！荆成、齐庄不(bu)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)而(er)杀，吴王、智伯不(bu)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)而(er)亡，宋、中(zhong)山(shan)不(bu)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)而(er)灭，晋惠公、赵(zhao)括不(bu)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)而(er)虏，钻荼、庞涓、太子申不(bu)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)而(er)死，败莫大(da)於不(bu)自(zi)(zi)知(zhi)。
范(fan)氏之(zhi)亡(wang)也，百姓有得锺(zhong)者。欲负而走，则锺(zhong)大不可负。以(yi)椎毁(hui)之(zhi)，锺(zhong)况然有音。恐人闻(wen)之(zhi)而夺己(ji)也，遽(ju)掩(yan)其耳。恶(e)(e)人闻(wen)之(zhi)可也，恶(e)(e)己(ji)自闻(wen)之(zhi)，悖矣。为(wei)人主而恶(e)(e)闻(wen)其过，非(fei)犹此也？恶(e)(e)人闻(wen)其过尚犹可。
魏文侯(hou)(hou)燕饮(yin)，皆(jie)(jie)令(ling)诸(zhu)大(da)夫论己。或言(yan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)智(zhi)也(ye)。至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)任(ren)(ren)(ren)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，任(ren)(ren)(ren)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)曰(yue)(yue)：“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)肖君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)。得(de)中(zhong)山(shan)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)封君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)弟，而以(yi)封君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)子，是以(yi)知(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)肖也(ye)。”文侯(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)说，知(zhi)於(wu)(wu)颜色。任(ren)(ren)(ren)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)趋(qu)而出。次(ci)及翟黄，翟黄曰(yue)(yue)：“君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)贤(xian)(xian)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)。臣(chen)闻其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)贤(xian)(xian)者，其(qi)臣(chen)之(zhi)言(yan)直。今者任(ren)(ren)(ren)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)言(yan)直，是以(yi)知(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)贤(xian)(xian)也(ye)。”文侯(hou)(hou)喜曰(yue)(yue)：“可反欤(yu)？”翟黄对曰(yue)(yue)：“奚为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)可？臣(chen)闻忠(zhong)臣(chen)毕其(qi)忠(zhong)，而不(bu)(bu)敢远(yuan)其(qi)死。座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)殆(dai)尚在於(wu)(wu)门(men)。”翟黄往视之(zhi)，任(ren)(ren)(ren)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在於(wu)(wu)门(men)，以(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)令(ling)召(zhao)之(zhi)。任(ren)(ren)(ren)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)入，文侯(hou)(hou)下阶而迎之(zhi)，终座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)客。文侯(hou)(hou)微翟黄，则几失忠(zhong)臣(chen)矣。上(shang)顺乎主(zhu)(zhu)心以(yi)显贤(xian)(xian)者，其(qi)唯(wei)翟黄乎？当赏(shang)四曰(yue)(yue)：民(min)无(wu)道(dao)知(zhi)天，民(min)以(yi)四时寒(han)暑(shu)日月(yue)星辰之(zhi)行知(zhi)天。四时寒(han)暑(shu)日月(yue)星辰之(zhi)行当，则诸(zhu)生有血气之(zhi)类皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)其(qi)处而安(an)其(qi)产。人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)亦无(wu)道(dao)知(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)，人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)以(yi)赏(shang)罚(fa)爵(jue)(jue)禄之(zhi)所(suo)加(jia)知(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)。主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)赏(shang)罚(fa)爵(jue)(jue)禄之(zhi)所(suo)加(jia)者宜，则亲(qin)疏远(yuan)近贤(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)肖皆(jie)(jie)尽其(qi)力而以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)矣。
晋(jin)文(wen)侯反(fan)国(guo)，赏(shang)从(cong)亡者，而陶狐不与。左右曰：“君反(fan)国(guo)家(jia)，爵禄(lu)三(san)出，而陶狐不与，敢(gan)问(wen)其(qi)说(shuo)。”文(wen)公曰：“辅我(wo)以(yi)义，导我(wo)以(yi)礼者，吾以(yi)为(wei)(wei)上赏(shang)；教(jiao)我(wo)以(yi)善，强我(wo)以(yi)贤者，吾以(yi)为(wei)(wei)次(ci)赏(shang)，拂吾所欲，数(shu)举吾过者，吾以(yi)为(wei)(wei)末赏(shang)。三(san)者。
所(suo)(suo)以(yi)赏(shang)有功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)也。若(ruo)赏(shang)唐国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劳(lao)徒，则陶狐(hu)将为(wei)(wei)首(shou)矣。”周内(nei)史兴(xing)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：“晋(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)其(qi)霸乎！昔者(zhe)圣王(wang)先德而后(hou)力，晋(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)其(qi)当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣！”秦小主(zhu)(zhu)夫(fu)人(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)奄(yan)变(bian)，群贤不(bu)说自匿，百姓郁怨非(fei)上。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)连(lian)亡(wang)在魏，闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，欲入，因(yin)群臣(chen)(chen)与民(min)从(cong)郑所(suo)(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塞(sai)。右主(zhu)(zhu)然(ran)守塞(sai)，弗入，曰(yue)：“臣(chen)(chen)有义，不(bu)两主(zhu)(zhu)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)勉去矣！”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)连(lian)去，入翟，从(cong)焉氏塞(sai)，菌改入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夫(fu)人(ren)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，大骇，令(ling)吏兴(xing)卒(zu)。奉命(ming)曰(yue)：“寇在边。”卒(zu)与吏其(qi)始发(fa)也，皆(jie)曰(yue)：“往(wang)击(ji)寇。”中道，因(yin)变(bian)曰(yue)：“非(fei)击(ji)寇也，迎主(zhu)(zhu)君(jun)也。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)连(lian)因(yin)与卒(zu)俱来，至雍(yong)，围夫(fu)人(ren)，夫(fu)人(ren)自杀。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)连(lian)立，是为(wei)(wei)献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。怨右主(zhu)(zhu)然(ran)，而将重罪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；德菌改，而欲厚赏(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。监突争(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：“不(bu)可。秦公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在外者(zhe)众，若(ruo)此(ci)，则人(ren)臣(chen)(chen)争(zheng)入亡(wang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)矣，此(ci)不(bu)便主(zhu)(zhu)。”献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)然(ran)，故复右主(zhu)(zhu)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪，而赐(ci)(ci)菌改官大夫(fu)，赐(ci)(ci)守塞(sai)者(zhe)人(ren)米二十(shi)石。献(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可谓(wei)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)赏(shang)罚(fa)矣。凡赏(shang)非(fei)以(yi)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也，罚(fa)非(fei)以(yi)恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也，用(yong)(yong)(yong)观归也。所(suo)(suo)归善，虽恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，赏(shang)；所(suo)(suo)归不(bu)善，虽爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，罚(fa)。此(ci)先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)治乱安危也。
博志五曰：先王有(you)大务(wu)，去(qu)其害(hai)之者(zhe)，故所欲以必得(de)，所恶以必除，此功名之所以立也。俗(su)主则不(bu)然，有(you)大务(wu)而不(bu)能去(qu)其害(hai)之者(zhe)，此所以无能成也。夫去(qu)害(hai)务(wu)与不(bu)能去(qu)害(hai)务(wu)，此贤不(bu)肖之所以分也。使獐疾(ji)走，马弗(fu)及至，己而得(de)者(zhe)，其时顾也。
骥一日(ri)千里，车轻也；以(yi)重载(zai)则不能数里，任重也。贤者(zhe)之举事也，不闻无功(gong)，然而(er)名不大立、利不及世者(zhe)，愚不肖(xiao)为之任也。
冬(dong)与(yu)夏不能两刑，草与(yu)稼不能两成，新谷熟(shu)而陈谷亏(kui)，凡有(you)角(jiao)者(zhe)无(wu)上齿，果实繁者(zhe)木必庳，用(yong)智(zhi)褊者(zhe)无(wu)遂功(gong)，天(tian)之(zhi)数也。故天(tian)子(zi)不处全(quan)，不处极(ji)，不处盈。
全则(ze)(ze)必(bi)(bi)缺，极则(ze)(ze)必(bi)(bi)反，盈(ying)则(ze)(ze)必(bi)(bi)亏。先王知物之不可(ke)两(liang)大(da)，故(gu)择务(wu)，当而处之。
孔(kong)、墨、甯越(yue)(yue)，皆(jie)布衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)也(ye)(ye)，虑於(wu)天下(xia)，以(yi)(yi)为无(wu)(wu)若先(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术者(zhe)，故日(ri)夜(ye)学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)(you)便於(wu)学(xue)者(zhe)，无(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为也(ye)(ye)；有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)便於(wu)学(xue)者(zhe)，无(wu)(wu)肯为也(ye)(ye)。盖闻孔(kong)丘、墨翟(zhai)，昼日(ri)讽(feng)诵(song)习业，夜(ye)亲见文王(wang)、周公旦而(er)问焉。用志如此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)精也(ye)(ye)，何事而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)达(da)？何为而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)成？故曰(yue)(yue)：“精而(er)熟(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，鬼将(jiang)(jiang)告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”非鬼告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)，精而(er)熟(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)有(you)(you)宝剑良马於(wu)此(ci)，玩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)厌，视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)倦；宝行良道，一(yi)而(er)弗复。欲身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安也(ye)(ye)，名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)也(ye)(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦难乎！甯越(yue)(yue)，中牟(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄙(bi)人也(ye)(ye)。苦(ku)耕稼(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劳(lao)，谓其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)友曰(yue)(yue)：“何为而(er)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)免此(ci)苦(ku)也(ye)(ye)？”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)友曰(yue)(yue)：“莫如学(xue)。学(xue)三十(shi)(shi)岁则可(ke)以(yi)(yi)达(da)矣。”甯越(yue)(yue)曰(yue)(yue)：“请(qing)以(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)岁。人将(jiang)(jiang)休(xiu)(xiu)，吾(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢休(xiu)(xiu)；人将(jiang)(jiang)卧，吾(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢卧。”十(shi)(shi)五(wu)岁而(er)周威公师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。矢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速(su)也(ye)(ye)，而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)二里，止也(ye)(ye)；步(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迟(chi)也(ye)(ye)，而(er)百舍，不(bu)(bu)(bu)止也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)以(yi)(yi)甯越(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材而(er)久不(bu)(bu)(bu)止，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为诸侯师(shi)，岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜哉？养(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)基(ji)、尹(yin)(yin)儒，皆(jie)文艺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人也(ye)(ye)。荆廷尝有(you)(you)神白(bai)猿，荆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)射(she)(she)者(zhe)莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能中，荆王(wang)请(qing)养(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)基(ji)射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。养(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)基(ji)矫(jiao)弓操矢而(er)往，未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)射(she)(she)而(er)括中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣，发之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则猿应矢而(er)下(xia)，则养(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)基(ji)有(you)(you)先(xian)中中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)矣。尹(yin)(yin)儒学(xue)御，三年而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得焉，苦(ku)痛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，夜(ye)梦受(shou)秋(qiu)驾於(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师(shi)。明日(ri)往朝其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师(shi)。望而(er)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)：“吾(wu)非爱道也(ye)(ye)，恐子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)可(ke)与也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)日(ri)将(jiang)(jiang)教子(zi)以(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)驾。”尹(yin)(yin)儒反走，北(bei)面(mian)再拜曰(yue)(yue)：“今(jin)昔臣梦受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”先(xian)为其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师(shi)言所梦，所梦固秋(qiu)驾已。上二士(shi)者(zhe)，可(ke)谓能学(xue)矣，可(ke)谓无(wu)(wu)害之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣，此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所以(yi)(yi)观后世已。
贵当六(liu)曰：名号大显，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)强求(qiu)，必(bi)繇其(qi)道。治(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)於(wu)(wu)物(wu)於(wu)(wu)人。治(zhi)(zhi)人者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)於(wu)(wu)事(shi)於(wu)(wu)君(jun)。治(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)於(wu)(wu)君(jun)於(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)。治(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)於(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)於(wu)(wu)欲。治(zhi)(zhi)欲者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)於(wu)(wu)欲於(wu)(wu)性(xing)。性(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)，万物(wu)之本也，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)长，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)短，因其(qi)固然而然之，此天(tian)(tian)地之数也。
窥赤肉而(er)(er)鸟鹊聚(ju)，狸处堂而(er)(er)众(zhong)鼠散(san)，衰绖陈而(er)(er)民知(zhi)丧，竽瑟陈而(er)(er)民知(zhi)乐，汤武修其(qi)行而(er)(er)天(tian)下从，桀纣慢(man)其(qi)行而(er)(er)天(tian)下畔(pan)，岂待其(qi)言哉？君子审(shen)在己者(zhe)而(er)(er)已矣。
荆有(you)(you)(you)善相(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)言无遗策，闻於(wu)国。庄(zhuang)王(wang)见而(er)问(wen)焉。对曰(yue)：“臣非(fei)(fei)能相(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，能观人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。观布衣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)友皆孝悌纯谨畏令(ling)，如此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)。其(qi)(qi)家必日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)益(yi)，身必日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)荣矣，所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)吉人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。观事(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)友皆诚信有(you)(you)(you)行好(hao)善，如此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)，事(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)益(yi)，官职日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)进，此(ci)所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)吉臣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。观人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)朝臣多(duo)贤(xian)，左右(you)多(duo)忠(zhong)，主(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)失，皆交争证谏，如此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)，国日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)安，主(zhu)(zhu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)尊，天下日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)服。此(ci)所(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)吉主(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣非(fei)(fei)能相(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，能观人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)友也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”庄(zhuang)王(wang)善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，於(wu)是(shi)疾收士，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)夜不(bu)(bu)懈，遂霸天下。故贤(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时见文艺(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，非(fei)(fei)特(te)具之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)就大(da)务也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)事(shi)(shi)无大(da)小，固相(xiang)(xiang)与(yu)通(tong)。田猎(lie)驰骋(cheng)，弋射走狗(gou)(gou)(gou)，贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)非(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)为也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)智日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)得(de)焉，不(bu)(bu)肖(xiao)主(zhu)(zhu)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)智日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)惑焉。志(zhi)曰(yue)：“骄惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)亡奚待？”君(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)好(hao)猎(lie)者(zhe)(zhe)，旷日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)持久(jiu)而(er)不(bu)(bu)得(de)兽(shou)，入(ru)则愧(kui)其(qi)(qi)家室。出则愧(kui)其(qi)(qi)知友州里。惟其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故，则狗(gou)(gou)(gou)恶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。欲(yu)(yu)得(de)良狗(gou)(gou)(gou)，则家贫无以(yi)(yi)。於(wu)是(shi)还疾耕(geng)。疾耕(geng)则家富，家富则有(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)求良狗(gou)(gou)(gou)，狗(gou)(gou)(gou)良则数得(de)兽(shou)矣，田猎(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)获(huo)常过人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)矣。非(fei)(fei)独(du)猎(lie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，百事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)尽然。霸王(wang)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)先耕(geng)而(er)成霸王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)，古今无有(you)(you)(you)。此(ci)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)肖(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)殊(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。贤(xian)不(bu)(bu)肖(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)欲(yu)(yu)与(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)同(tong)，尧、桀、幽、厉皆然，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异。故贤(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)察之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)为不(bu)(bu)可，弗为；以(yi)(yi)为可，故为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必繇(zhou)其(qi)(qi)道，物莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能害，此(ci)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)万也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。