王连升 译注
【说明与解析】
商朝末年，商纣王荒淫(yin)无(wu)道，庶兄微子(zi)(zi)启、箕(ji)子(zi)(zi)和王子(zi)(zi)比干谏而不(bu)听(ting)，微子(zi)(zi)逃走、箕(ji)子(zi)(zi)佯狂为(wei)(wei)奴。王子(zi)(zi)比干以强(qiang)谏故(gu)，被剖腹而死。孔子(zi)(zi)称(cheng)他们为(wei)(wei)“殷(yin)之三(san)仁”。 周武(wu)王灭商后，访微子(zi)(zi)与箕(ji)子(zi)(zi)，并找到了他们。本篇所记即周武(wu)王问箕(ji)子(zi)(zi)洪范九等、微子(zi)(zi)建宋及宋国的(de)兴衰史。
箕子(zi)(zi)在回答武王询问时(shi)说道(dao)(dao)：天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)如果英明、谦恭、通达、能深谋远(yuan)虑、政务(wu)清明，那么(me)，雨、晴(qing)、暖(nuan)、寒、风(feng)五种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自然(ran)现象(xiang)便会(hui)(hui)都(dou)具备，并按一(yi)定(ding)规(gui)律发(fa)生(sheng)，庄稼就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)茂盛，人(ren)民(min)就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)富裕，国家(jia)(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)安定(ding)。否则，天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)如果急(ji)躁、糊(hu)涂、狂妄、贪图享乐，那么(me)，雨、晴(qing)、 暖(nuan)、寒、风(feng)五种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自然(ran)现象(xiang)就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)违反常(chang)规(gui)发(fa)生(sheng)，或一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)现象(xiang)过(guo)多，或一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)现象(xiang)极缺，年成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)(jiu)歉收，人(ren)民(min)就(jiu)(jiu)贫困(kun)，国家(jia)(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)动乱。在君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)有无(wu)(wu)上权力的(de)(de)(de)封建专制时(shi)代，这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)人(ren)感(gan)应(ying)、天(tian)(tian)责(ze)思想无(wu)(wu)疑对君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)个(ge)约束(shu)，有积极意(yi)义(yi)。它可以(yi)限(xian)制君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)恶(e)行的(de)(de)(de)无(wu)(wu)限(xian)膨胀(zhang)，引导君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)积善成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)德、施行仁政、广布(bu)恩(en)惠，监(jian)督君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)检查(cha)过(guo)失(shi)(shi)、改正错误。这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)责(ze)思想在以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)政治生(sheng)活(huo)中常(chang)常(chang)起作用(yong)。例如，宋(song)(song)湣公九(jiu)年，宋(song)(song)国洪(hong)水(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)灾(zai)(zai)，湣公就(jiu)(jiu)曾自责(ze)说，这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)是(shi)因为(wei)他(ta)不(bu)能侍奉鬼(gui)神，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)政治不(bu)修明的(de)(de)(de)缘故。汉成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)时(shi)，水(shui)灾(zai)(zai)，火(huo)灾(zai)(zai)、日蚀、地(di)震、陨星坠落等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)连(lian)续发(fa)生(sheng)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)帝(di)便认为(wei)“天(tian)(tian)著变异，以(yi)显朕(zhen)(zhen)郵(you)，朕(zhen)(zhen)甚惧(ju)焉”，并多次(ci)发(fa)布(bu)诏令，让群臣、公卿“陈朕(zhen)(zhen)过(guo)失(shi)(shi)、无(wu)(wu)有所(suo)讳”。汉哀帝(di)时(shi)，发(fa)生(sheng)水(shui)灾(zai)(zai)、地(di)动后，哀帝(di)也自责(ze)道(dao)(dao)：“ 朕(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)不(bu)德，民(min)反蒙辜，朕(zhen)(zhen)甚惧(ju)焉。”并“赐死(si)者棺钱，人(ren)三千”，“民(min)无(wu)(wu)出今(jin)年租赋”等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。当然(ran)，这(zhei)(zhei)(zhei)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)责(ze)思想的(de)(de)(de)效用(yong)也极有限(xian)，在那些无(wu)(wu)法无(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)、昏庸无(wu)(wu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)君(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)在面(mian)前(qian)显得苍白无(wu)(wu)力。殷纣就(jiu)(jiu)上不(bu)畏天(tian)(tian)、下不(bu)畏民(min)、不(bu)采纳长(zhang)者老(lao)者的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)见，一(yi)味(wei)沉溺于酒宴(yan)之(zhi)中，只(zhi)知迷恋女色。步纣王后尘、被诸(zhu)侯称(cheng)为(wei)“桀宋(song)(song)”的(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)君(jun)(jun)(jun)偃竟用(yong)牛皮袋盛着(zhe)血悬挂起来(lai)射击，称(cheng)为(wei)“射天(tian)(tian)”。他(ta)们共同的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)点是(shi)无(wu)(wu)所(suo)畏惧(ju)、为(wei)所(suo)欲为(wei)、残害直言相谏的(de)(de)(de)忠良，都(dou)得到(dao)应(ying)有的(de)(de)(de)惩罚。
读过该篇(pian)，掩卷之(zhi)后仍使(shi)(shi)人不能(neng)忘怀(huai)的(de)(de)悲愤来自(zi)于比(bi)(bi)干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)惨死。比(bi)(bi)干(gan)(gan)认为君主有(you)过，臣应用死直(zhi)言规劝，才能(neng)免使(shi)(shi)百姓受(shou)害。但纣王(wang)(wang)丧尽天良地杀死比(bi)(bi)干(gan)(gan)，挖出(chu)心(xin)验证圣人是否“心(xin)有(you)七窍”。比(bi)(bi)干(gan)(gan)死得(de)何(he)其惨痛、悲壮！他的(de)(de)死绝非毫无意(yi)义(yi)(yi)、毫无价值。他的(de)(de)死更加暴(bao)露了纣王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)残忍(ren)，使(shi)(shi)人们(men)认清纣王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)真正面目。在浩浩荡(dang)荡(dang)的(de)(de)历(li)史进程(cheng)中，这样无畏的(de)(de)忠良屡见(jian)不鲜。他们(men)用生命、用鲜血在漫(man)长黑暗的(de)(de)专制主义(yi)(yi)道路(lu)上树起一座座鲜亮闪烁的(de)(de)路(lu)标，指示人们(men)推翻暴(bao)君统治、迈(mai)上新的(de)(de)里程(cheng)。
宋襄公为(wei)了保全仁义，在(zai)战斗中坐(zuo)失(shi)一个(ge)又(you)一个(ge)良(liang)机(ji)，终于落(luo)得大败而(er)归、身受重(zhong)伤(shang)而(er)死的结局。这种蠢猪式的仁义成为(wei)后人(ren)的笑(xiao)柄，确是空前绝(jue)后的。
微(wei)子(zi)(zi)开是(shi)殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)帝(di)乙(yi)的(de)(de)(de)长子(zi)(zi)，帝(di)纣(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)同母兄。商纣(zhou)(zhou)即位后(hou)，统治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黑暗(an)，不(bu)(bu)务国(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，淫佚(yi)奢侈，微(wei)子(zi)(zi)多(duo)次进谏，纣(zhou)(zhou)都(dou)不(bu)(bu)听。等到祖(zu)伊因周(zhou)西(xi)伯昌修(xiu)行德(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，灭(mie)亡(ｑí，齐(qi))国(guo)后(hou)，担(dan)忧灾(zai)祸降落殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)，便(bian)又来奉告纣(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。纣(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)却(que)说(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)生有(you)(you)命，难道(dao)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)吗？这能把我(wo)(wo)怎(zen)么(me)(me)样呢(ni)(ni)？”于是(shi)微(wei)子(zi)(zi)估计纣(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)至死也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)能清醒，打算一死了(le)之，或离开纣(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)己又无法决断，便(bian)去询问(wen)太师(shi)、少(shao)师(shi)说(shuo)：“殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)已经没有(you)(you)清明的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)能很好地治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理四方。我(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)先在(zai)(zai)(zai)上世贡(gong)献了(le)才力(li)，取得(de)(de)了(le)成功(gong)，纣(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)当今(jin)竟一味沉溺于酒(jiu)宴之中，唯妇人之言是(shi)从(cong)，扰乱败坏汤王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)德(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)上下大大小小都(dou)热哀于草野盗窃、犯(fan)上作乱，而朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷大臣也(ye)(ye)互相(xiang)仿效，违(wei)(wei)法乱纪，使得(de)(de)人人有(you)(you)罪，自(zi)(zi)(zi)然他们的(de)(de)(de)爵禄也(ye)(ye)就无法继(ji)续下去。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)廷既(ji)乱，百姓(xing)便(bian)各起(qi)于四方，互为仇敌，天(tian)(tian)下失去了(le)协和的(de)(de)(de)局面。现(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)，殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)丧失国(guo)典(dian)，如同乘船渡河找不(bu)(bu)到渡口。殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)灭(mie)亡，指(zhi)日可待了(le)。”微(wei)子(zi)(zi)继(ji)续说(shuo)：“太师(shi)，太师(shi)，我(wo)(wo)将何去何从(cong)呢(ni)(ni)？我(wo)(wo)们的(de)(de)(de)殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)还能保住吗？你们无意告诫(jie)我(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)如陷于不(bu)(bu)义，那么(me)(me)怎(zen)么(me)(me)办呢(ni)(ni)？”太师(shi)顺(shun)着说(shuo)道(dao)：“王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)啊，天(tian)(tian)帝(di)降临灾(zai)祸灭(mie)亡殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)，殷(yin)(yin)纣(zhou)(zhou)上不(bu)(bu)畏(wei)天(tian)(tian)、下天(tian)(tian)畏(wei)民，又不(bu)(bu)采纳长者老者的(de)(de)(de)意见(jian)。今(jin)天(tian)(tian)，殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)臣民竟违(wei)(wei)背和诬(wu)秽(hui)神祇(ｑí，齐(qi))意旨(zhi)。现(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)，假使真能救治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)，国(guo)家治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理好了(le)，即使自(zi)(zi)(zi)己死了(le)，国(guo)家还得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)到治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，那就不(bu)(bu)如远(yuan)走他乡。”于是(shi)，微(wei)子(zi)(zi)离开了(le)殷(yin)(yin)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)。
箕(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)纣的(de)(de)亲属。纣王(wang)最初制(zhi)作(zuo)象(xiang)牙箸(zhu)时，箕(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)就悲叹道(dao)：“他(ta)(ta)现在制(zhi)作(zuo)象(xiang)牙箸(zhu)，将来(lai)就一定(ding)还(hai)要(yao)制(zhi)作(zuo)玉杯；制(zhi)作(zuo)玉杯，就一定(ding)想把远方的(de)(de)稀(xi)世珍宝占为已有(you)。车马宫室的(de)(de)奢侈豪华也必将从这(zhei)里(li)开始，国家(jia)肯定(ding)无法振兴了(le)。”由于纣王(wang)淫佚无度，箕(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)进(jin)谏，纣王(wang)仍不(bu)听。有(you)人说：“可以(yi)(yi)(yi)离开了(le)。”箕(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)说：“作(zuo)人臣的(de)(de)向君(jun)主进(jin)谏，君(jun)主置之不(bu)理，便离他(ta)(ta)而去，这(zhei)是(shi)张扬君(jun)主的(de)(de)恶行，哗众取宠于百姓，我不(bu)忍(ren)心这(zhei)样做。”于是(shi)箕(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)披头散(san)发、假(jia)装疯癫做了(le)奴隶。并隐居弹琴聊以(yi)(yi)(yi)自慰，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)人们传颂他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)曲子(zi)(zi)为《箕(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)操》。
王(wang)子比干也是(shi)(shi)纣(zhou)王(wang)的(de)(de)亲属，看到箕子进谏，君主不(bu)听，去做了奴隶，就说：“君主有(you)罪过，而(er)不(bu)能用死(si)直(zhi)言规(gui)劝，百姓将受(shou)害，那百姓有(you)什(shen)么罪呢(ni)！”于是(shi)(shi)，就直(zhi)言进谏纣(zhou)王(wang)。纣(zhou)王(wang)大(da)怒道：“我听说圣人的(de)(de)心有(you)七个窍，真是(shi)(shi)这样吗(ma)？”于是(shi)(shi)，纣(zhou)王(wang)杀(sha)死(si)比干，挖出(chu)他的(de)(de)心来验证。
微(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)说(shuo)：“父子(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)骨肉情，臣主(zhu)是(shi)义(yi)理连(lian)。所(suo)以父亲如(ru)果有过错(cuo)，儿子(zi)(zi)(zi)屡(lv)(lv)次劝(quan)(quan)不(bu)听，就应随之而(er)号哭；人(ren)臣如(ru)果屡(lv)(lv)次规劝(quan)(quan)，君主(zhu)不(bu)听，那么从义(yi)上讲，人(ren)臣应该远离君主(zhu)了(le)。于是(shi)，太(tai)师、少师就劝(quan)(quan)告微(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)离去(qu)，微(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)便远行了(le)。
周武王讨(tao)伐纣王，战胜殷朝，微子便(bian)手(shou)(shou)持自己(ji)的祭器(qi)来(lai)到军门。他(ta)露出(chu)右(you)臂，两手(shou)(shou)绑(bang)在(zai)背后，左边(bian)让人(ren)牵着(zhe)羊(yang)，右(you)边(bian)让人(ren)拿着(zhe)茅(mao)，跪在(zai)地上(shang)前(qian)行(xing)求告武王。于是(shi)武王就(jiu)释放了(le)微子，恢复了(le)他(ta)原(yuan)来(lai)的爵(jue)位。
武(wu)王封商(shang)纣的(de)(de)儿子武(wu)庚(geng)禄父，让他(ta)来继承殷(yin)朝的(de)(de)祭祀，并派管叔、蔡叔辅佐(zuo)他(ta)。
武王灭(mie)亡(wang)殷(yin)朝后，便去访问箕子。
武王说：“唉(ai)！上(shang)天默(mo)默(mo)地安(an)定百姓，使他们安(an)居乐业，我(wo)却不知(zhi)道上(shang)天定民的常(chang)理(li)次序(xu)。”
箕子回(hui)答说(shuo)：“早先(xian)鲧(gun)堵塞大水，扰乱了上天五行的规(gui)律，上帝就(jiu)怒气冲(chong)冲(chong)，天道(dao)大法九类常理(li)因此败坏。鲧(gun)被杀死，禹(yu)就(jiu)接(jie)续而兴(xing)起。上天赐给(ji)禹(yu)天道(dao)大法九种，常理(li)因而有了顺序。
“这九(jiu)种大法，一叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)五行(xing)，二叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)五事，三(san)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)八政，四叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)五纪(ji)，五叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皇(huang)极，六(liu)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)三(san)德，七叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稽疑，八叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)庶征，九(jiu)叫(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)任用五福，而让人畏使(shi)用六(liu)极。
“五(wu)行，一是(shi)(shi)水，二是(shi)(shi)火(huo)，三是(shi)(shi)木(mu)，四是(shi)(shi)金(jin)，五(wu)是(shi)(shi)土(tu)。水的(de)自然常性是(shi)(shi)滋(zi)润万物(wu)而行下(xia)，火(huo)的(de)常性是(shi)(shi)炎热旺盛而上(shang)升(sheng)，木(mu)可弯曲变(bian)直，金(jin)可销(xiao)熔变(bian)形，土(tu)可耕种收(shou)获(huo)。滋(zi)润下(xia)物(wu)产生水鹵有(you)咸味(wei)，火(huo)光上(shang)升(sheng)烧(shao)焦物(wu)体作苦味(wei)，木(mu)成曲直作酸味(wei)，金(jin)销(xiao)熔变(bian)形有(you)辣味(wei)，土(tu)地种收(shou)百谷有(you)甜(tian)味(wei)。
“五事：一是(shi)(shi)仪(yi)(yi)容，二是(shi)(shi)言语，三是(shi)(shi)观察，四是(shi)(shi)听闻，五是(shi)(shi)思维(wei)。仪(yi)(yi)容应(ying)严(yan)肃恭敬(jing)，言语应(ying)使人心悦诚服(fu)，观察要明察秋毫，听闻要明辩是(shi)(shi)非(fei)，思维(wei)要通达周密。仪(yi)(yi)容恭敬(jing)，百姓就(jiu)严(yan)肃；言语使人信服(fu)，国家就(jiu)能(neng)治理；观察能(neng)明察秋毫，就(jiu)不会受(shou)骗；听闻聪慧(hui)，臣(chen)民就(jiu)会进其谋(mou)画；思维(wei)通达，事情就(jiu)成功。
“八(ba)政：一是(shi)粮食，二是(shi)财贷，三是(shi)祭祀(si)，四是(shi)营(ying)建(jian)，五是(shi)教化，六是(shi)除奸，七是(shi)宾赞，八(ba)是(shi)军事。
“五(wu)纪：一是(shi)年，二(er)是(shi)月(yue)，三是(shi)日(ri)，四(si)是(shi)星辰(chen)，五(wu)是(shi)历法。
“至(zhi)(zhi)高无(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)准(zhun)则(ze)(ze)：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)应(ying)(ying)(ying)建立准(zhun)则(ze)(ze)，聚集这(zhei)种幸福(fu)，布施给自己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)民(min)，臣(chen)民(min)们(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)拥护(hu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)制定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)准(zhun)则(ze)(ze)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)也(ye)可(ke)以要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求臣(chen)民(min)遵(zun)(zun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)这(zhei)些准(zhun)则(ze)(ze)。凡(fan)(fan)是(shi)臣(chen)民(min)都不(bu)允许(xu)结(jie)党(dang)(dang)营私(si)，人们(men)(men)不(bu)结(jie)成私(si)党(dang)(dang)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会把天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)建立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)准(zhun)则(ze)(ze)当(dang)(dang)作(zuo)至(zhi)(zhi)高无(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。凡(fan)(fan)是(shi)臣(chen)民(min)，都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)为(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)谋虑，为(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)办(ban)事(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求自己(ji)(ji)遵(zun)(zun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)制定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)这(zhei)样考虑，虽然臣(chen)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)为(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)时与你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)协凋，但只要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)未达到(dao)犯(fan)罪(zui)程度，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)容忍(ren)他(ta)。假如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)人谦恭地说(shuo)：“我喜欢你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)赐(ci)(ci)给他(ta)幸福(fu)。如(ru)此，人们(men)(men)便会完全遵(zun)(zun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)。不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)虐待那(nei)些无(wu)依无(wu)靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人，却畏(wei)惧高贵显赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人。对(dui)(dui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)能力(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)为(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)应(ying)(ying)(ying)善于(yu)任用他(ta)们(men)(men)，国家便会繁荣(rong)昌盛。凡(fan)(fan)是(shi)那(nei)些被任用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，都应(ying)(ying)(ying)使他(ta)们(men)(men)有(you)(you)(you)(you)爵位(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)俸禄。假如(ru)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)能使官吏对(dui)(dui)国家做(zuo)出贡献，这(zhei)些人就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)走上(shang)(shang)(shang)犯(fan)罪(zui)道(dao)路(lu)。对(dui)(dui)于(yu)那(nei)些不(bu)喜欢你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)建立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)虽然赏赐(ci)(ci)给他(ta)幸福(fu)，他(ta)对(dui)(dui)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国家也(ye)没有(you)(you)(you)(you)好处。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)偏颇不(bu)公平，应(ying)(ying)(ying)遵(zun)(zun)循(xun)(xun)先(xian)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法则(ze)(ze)办(ban)事(shi)(shi)。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)个人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好恶，沿(yan)着先(xian)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)前进。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)为(wei)非作(zuo)歹，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)遵(zun)(zun)循(xun)(xun)先(xian)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)路(lu)行事(shi)(shi)。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)偏私(si)，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)结(jie)交(jiao)朋党(dang)(dang)，那(nei)么，圣(sheng)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会宽(kuan)广。不(bu)结(jie)党(dang)(dang)，不(bu)偏私(si)，圣(sheng)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会清明可(ke)辨。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)违反王(wang)(wang)道(dao)，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)冒犯(fan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)，圣(sheng)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路(lu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)正(zheng)直。你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)会集那(nei)些按原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)办(ban)事(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人，那(nei)么，臣(chen)民(min)们(men)(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)都能归向(xiang)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)。所(suo)以说(shuo)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)宣布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)至(zhi)(zhi)高无(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)应(ying)(ying)(ying)当(dang)(dang)经常遵(zun)(zun)守(shou)(shou)(shou)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)导也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符合上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意旨。凡(fan)(fan)是(shi)臣(chen)民(min)，也(ye)应(ying)(ying)(ying)把天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)宣布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法则(ze)(ze)当(dang)(dang)作(zuo)至(zhi)(zhi)高无(wu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，按照这(zhei)个原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则(ze)(ze)行事(shi)(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)亲附天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)了。所(suo)以说(shuo)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)应(ying)(ying)(ying)当(dang)(dang)象做(zuo)百姓(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父母一样，来做(zuo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下臣(chen)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主。
“三德(de)：一是端正人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)曲直，二是刚能(neng)(neng)取胜(sheng)，三是柔能(neng)(neng)取胜(sheng)。要想使天下平(ping)安，就(jiu)要端正人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)曲直，对那(nei)些强硬不(bu)友好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，就(jiu)应用(yong)刚硬态(tai)度战(zhan)胜(sheng)他(ta)(ta)们，对那(nei)些友好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)就(jiu)应用(yong)柔和态(tai)度对待他(ta)(ta)们，对乱臣贼子(zi)，就(jiu)必须强硬，对高(gao)明君(jun)子(zi)，就(jiu)必须柔和。只有(you)(you)国(guo)君(jun)才能(neng)(neng)授(shou)人(ren)(ren)爵位(wei)赏(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)俸禄(lu)(lu)，只有(you)(you)国(guo)君(jun)才能(neng)(neng)主(zhu)持刑(xing)罚(fa)，只有(you)(you)国(guo)君(jun)才能(neng)(neng)享(xiang)有(you)(you)美(mei)食。臣子(zi)无权(quan)授(shou)人(ren)(ren)爵位(wei)赏(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)俸禄(lu)(lu)，无权(quan)主(zhu)持刑(xing)罚(fa)，无权(quan)享(xiang)有(you)(you)美(mei)食。臣子(zi)如果也能(neng)(neng)授(shou)人(ren)(ren)爵位(wei)赏(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)俸禄(lu)(lu)，也能(neng)(neng)主(zhu)持刑(xing)罚(fa)，也能(neng)(neng)享(xiang)有(you)(you)美(mei)食，就(jiu)会给你的(de)(de)(de)王室带来危害，给你的(de)(de)(de)国(guo)家(jia)带来灾祸。人(ren)(ren)们就(jiu)会因此(ci)行为不(bu)合(he)王道，百(bai)姓(xing)就(jiu)会因此(ci)犯(fan)上作乱。
“解决疑(yi)难的(de)(de)(de)办(ban)(ban)法是(shi)选择擅长卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)，任(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)他(ta)们分别(bie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)龟(gui)(gui)甲(jia)或蓍草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)卜(bu)(bu)。命令他(ta)们进行卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)，卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)的(de)(de)(de)征(zheng)兆有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)下雨，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)雨后初晴，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)云气连绵(mian)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)雾气蒙(meng)蒙(meng)，还(hai)有(you)(you)兆相交错，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)明(ming)正，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)(xiang)隐晦，卦象(xiang)(xiang)共七种。前五种用(yong)(yong)(yong)龟(gui)(gui)甲(jia)占(zhan)卜(bu)(bu)，后两种用(yong)(yong)(yong)蓍草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)卜(bu)(bu)，对复杂(za)多变的(de)(de)(de)卦象(xiang)(xiang)加以(yi)推演研(yan)究。任(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)这些(xie)卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)之人(ren)，如果(guo)三(san)个人(ren)占(zhan)卜(bu)(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)信从两个人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)话。你如果(guo)遇到重(zhong)大的(de)(de)(de)疑(yi)难问题，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)首先(xian)独自(zi)(zi)深思熟虑(lv)，然后与卿(qing)士(shi)商量(liang)，与百(bai)姓(xing)商量(liang)，最(zui)后用(yong)(yong)(yong)卜(bu)(bu)筮(shi)来决断。你自(zi)(zi)己同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，龟(gui)(gui)卜(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，卿(qing)士(shi)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，百(bai)姓(xing)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，这就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)叫(jiao)大同(tong)(tong)，那么你本人(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)健康强壮，子孙也将大吉大利。你自(zi)(zi)己同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，龟(gui)(gui)卜(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，卿(qing)士(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，百(bai)姓(xing)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，这就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)吉。卿(qing)士(shi)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，龟(gui)(gui)卜(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，你不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，卿(qing)士(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，这也是(shi)吉。百(bai)姓(xing)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，龟(gui)(gui)卜(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，你不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，卿(qing)士(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，这还(hai)是(shi)吉。你同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，龟(gui)(gui)卜(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，卿(qing)士(shi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，百(bai)姓(xing)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，在境内(nei)办(ban)(ban)事就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会吉，在境外办(ban)(ban)事就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)凶(xiong)险。龟(gui)(gui)卜(bu)(bu)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)与人(ren)们的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)见都违(wei)背，静守就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会吉利，行动就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会有(you)(you)凶(xiong)险。
“各(ge)种(zhong)征(zheng)兆：或(huo)(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)雨，或(huo)(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)晴，或(huo)(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)暖(nuan)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)寒(han)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)风(feng)，这五种(zhong)自(zi)然现(xian)象(xiang)都(dou)(dou)应(ying)按(an)(an)时发生。如果(guo)五种(zhong)自(zi)然现(xian)象(xiang)都(dou)(dou)具备(bei)，并(bing)能(neng)按(an)(an)一(yi)定(ding)规律(lv)出(chu)现(xian)，庄稼(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)茂盛。如果(guo)一(yi)种(zhong)现(xian)象(xiang)过(guo)多发生，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)歉(qian)收(shou)。如果(guo)一(yi)种(zhong)现(xian)象(xiang)缺(que)乏了，同(tong)样也要歉(qian)收(shou)。关于(yu)美好(hao)的(de)征(zheng)兆：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)谦恭，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)按(an)(an)时下雨；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)政务清明(ming)，阳光(guang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)充足；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)英明(ming)，温暖(nuan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)按(an)(an)时到来(lai)；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)深谋(mou)远虑，寒(han)冷就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)应(ying)时而生；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)通达(da)，风(feng)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)按(an)(an)时刮过(guo)。各(ge)种(zhong)凶恶的(de)征(zheng)兆：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)狂妄，雨水就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)过(guo)多；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)僭越差错，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)干旱(han)；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)贪图享乐，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)气就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)过(guo)分炎热；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)暴(bao)虐急躁，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)过(guo)分寒(han)冷；天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)昏暗(an)不明(ming)，大风(feng)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)刮个(ge)不止，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)决策有(you)了过(guo)失(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)影响一(yi)整(zheng)年，卿(qing)士管理有(you)了过(guo)失(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)影响一(yi)整(zheng)月，官吏办事有(you)了过(guo)失(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)影响一(yi)整(zheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。年、月、日(ri)都(dou)(dou)没有(you)异常(chang)，各(ge)种(zhong)庄稼(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)生长(zhang)茂盛，政治(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)清明(ming)，贤(xian)能(neng)的(de)人(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)得到提拔，国家就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)平安稳定(ding)。相反(fan)，年、月、日(ri)出(chu)现(xian)了异常(chang)，庄稼(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)长(zhang)不好(hao)，政治(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)昏暗(an)，贤(xian)能(neng)的(de)人(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)受压抑，国家就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)动(dong)乱，百姓(xing)象(xiang)星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)，有(you)的(de)星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)喜好(hao)风(feng)，有(you)的(de)星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)喜好(hao)雨。日(ri)月按(an)(an)规律(lv)运行，便(bian)产生了冬夏(xia)。月亮如果(guo)顺从星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)，那(nei)么有(you)时就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)多风(feng)，有(you)时就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)多雨。
“五(wu)(wu)种幸福：一(yi)是(shi)长寿，二是(shi)富有，三(san)是(shi)平(ping)安(an)，四是(shi)有美德，五(wu)(wu)是(shi)善终。六种灾(zai)祸：一(yi)是(shi)早死，二是(shi)多病，三(san)是(shi)多愁，四是(shi)贫穷，五(wu)(wu)是(shi)丑陋，六是(shi)懦弱。”
武王(wang)听完箕(ji)子的(de)一番(fan)陈述，就把朝鲜(xian)封(feng)给箕(ji)子，未(wei)让他(ta)作臣民。
后来，箕子(zi)朝拜周王(wang)，经(jing)过故都殷(yin)墟(xu)，感(gan)(gan)伤于宫室毁(hui)坏坍塌(ta)、禾(he)苗丛生(sheng)，箕子(zi)十(shi)分(fen)悲痛，想(xiang)大哭(ku)一场(chang)，但不行(xing)；想(xiang)小声(sheng)哭(ku)泣，又感(gan)(gan)到近于女人(ren)的性格(ge)，于是(shi)触(chu)景生(sheng)情吟出《麦秀》诗，诗中说：“麦芒尖(jian)尖(jian)啊，禾(he)苗绿油(you)油(you)。那个小子(zi)啊，不和我(wo)友好！”所谓小子(zi)，就(jiu)是(shi)纣王(wang)。殷(yin)的百姓看到这首诗，都为之泣下。
武(wu)王驾崩(beng)后，成(cheng)王还(hai)年少，周公(gong)旦代理行政(zheng)掌(zhang)握国家(jia)政(zheng)权。管(guan)(guan)叔(shu)、蔡(cai)叔(shu)怀疑周公(gong)旦，就(jiu)(jiu)与武(wu)庚作(zuo)乱(luan)，想攻打成(cheng)王、周公(gong)。周公(gong)借用成(cheng)王的命令诛(zhu)杀武(wu)庚、管(guan)(guan)叔(shu)，放逐了蔡(cai)叔(shu)，又让微(wei)子开管(guan)(guan)理殷(yin)(yin)地，以继(ji)续殷(yin)(yin)先(xian)祖(zu)的事业，并作(zuo)《微(wei)子之命》告诫(jie)他，国名(ming)为(wei)宋。微(wei)子本来就(jiu)(jiu)仁义贤能，代替武(wu)庚后，殷(yin)(yin)的百姓十分拥(yong)戴他。
微(wei)子(zi)(zi)开去(qu)(qu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)，立他的弟弟衍为国君(jun)(jun)，这(zhei)就(jiu)是微(wei)种。微(wei)种去(qu)(qu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)，儿(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)宋公(gong)(gong)(gong)稽即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。宋公(gong)(gong)(gong)稽去(qu)(qu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)，儿(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)丁公(gong)(gong)(gong)申即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。丁公(gong)(gong)(gong)申去(qu)(qu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)，儿(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)湣(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。湣(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)共去(qu)(qu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)，弟弟炀(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)熙即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。炀(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)，湣(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)有儿(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)鲋祀杀死炀(yang)(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)夺取君(jun)(jun)位(wei)(wei)(wei)，并宣布(bu)说：“我应当即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。”这(zhei)就(jiu)是厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)。厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)去(qu)(qu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)，儿(er)(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)釐公(gong)(gong)(gong)举即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)。
釐(li)公十七年（前841），周厉王逃(tao)跑到彘。
二(er)十八年(nian)（前831），釐公去世(shi)后，儿(er)子(zi)(zi)惠(hui)(hui)公即(ji)位(wei)(wei)。惠(hui)(hui)公四年(nian)（前827），周宣王即(ji)位(wei)(wei)。三十年(nian)（前801），惠(hui)(hui)公去世(shi)，子(zi)(zi)哀(ai)公即(ji)位(wei)(wei)。哀(ai)公于元年(nian)（前800）去世(shi)，子(zi)(zi)戴公即(ji)位(wei)(wei)。
戴公二十九年（前771），周幽(you)王被犬戎所杀，秦国开始被列为(wei)诸侯。
三(san)十(shi)四年(nian)（前(qian)766），戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)去(qu)世，儿(er)子武公(gong)(gong)(gong)司空(kong)即位(wei)。武公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)女儿(er)做了(le)鲁惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)夫人，生(sheng)下(xia)了(le)鲁桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)。十(shi)八年(nian)（前(qian)748），武公(gong)(gong)(gong)去(qu)世，儿(er)子宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)力即位(wei)。
宣公(gong)的(de)太(tai)子名与夷。十九年（前729），宣公(gong)生病(bing)了(le)，把(ba)君位(wei)让给弟(di)弟(di)和说(shuo)：“父亲(qin)死(si)了(le)，儿子继位(wei)，哥哥死(si)了(le)，弟(di)弟(di)继位(wei)，是天下普遍的(de)道义(yi)。我要立(li)和为国君。”和多次(ci)谦让，最后才接受。宣公(gong)去世(shi)后，弟(di)弟(di)和即位(wei)，这(zhei)就穆公(gong)。
穆公(gong)(gong)于(yu)九年（前(qian)720）病(bing)重，对大(da)司(si)马孔父说：“先君(jun)(jun)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)舍弃太子(zi)(zi)与(yu)(yu)夷而把君(jun)(jun)位(wei)(wei)让给我(wo)。我(wo)永生(sheng)不能(neng)忘(wang)怀(huai)。我(wo)死后，一定立(li)与(yu)(yu)夷为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)。”孔父却说：“大(da)臣们都希望立(li)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)冯(feng)(ｐíｎｇ, 凭(ping))！”穆公(gong)(gong)说：“不要立(li)冯(feng)，我(wo)绝(jue)不能(neng)辜负宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)。”于(yu)是穆公(gong)(gong)派冯(feng)出使郑国(guo)(guo)并居(ju)住(zhu)在那里。八月庚辰(chen)日，穆公(gong)(gong)去世，哥(ge)(ge)哥(ge)(ge)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)的儿子(zi)(zi)与(yu)(yu)夷即位(wei)(wei)，这(zhei)就(jiu)是殇公(gong)(gong)。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)听到这(zhei)种(zhong)情况后说：“宋宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)可以(yi)算(suan)是知人善任了，立(li)自(zi)己的弟弟为国(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)保全了道义，然而自(zi)己的儿子(zi)(zi)也还是终(zhong)于(yu)享(xiang)有了国(guo)(guo)家(jia)。”
殇公(gong)元年(nian)（前719），卫公(gong)子州吁杀死自(zi)己(ji)的国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)完，自(zi)己(ji)立为君(jun)(jun)主，想(xiang)得到(dao)(dao)诸(zhu)侯的支持(chi)，便派人告诉宋(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)说：“冯(feng)在郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，一定(ding)是后(hou)患，你可以(yi)和(he)我共同讨(tao)伐(fa)他。”宋(song)答应了，和(he)卫共同攻(gong)打(da)郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，军队打(da)到(dao)(dao)东门便返回了。第二年(nian)（前718），郑(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)讨(tao)伐(fa)宋(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，还报(bao)“东门役”的仇恨。那(nei)以(yi)后(hou)，诸(zhu)侯多次来进犯宋(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。
九年(nian)（前711）的(de)(de)一(yi)天，大(da)司马孔父嘉的(de)(de)美(mei)貌夫了外出，路遇太宰华督，华督看中(zhong)嘉的(de)(de)夫人(ren)，竟目(mu)不转睛地(di)盯住她(ta)。华督贪图孔父妻(qi)，就让人(ren)在(zai)国(guo)中(zhong)扬言(yan)(yan)说：“殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)即位(wei)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)，竟打了十(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)大(da)仗(zhang)，百姓(xing)苦不堪言(yan)(yan)，这(zhei)(zhei)都是孔父的(de)(de)罪过，我要杀(sha)死(si)孔父以安定人(ren)民。”当(dang)年(nian)，鲁(lu)人(ren)杀(sha)死(si)自己的(de)(de)国(guo)君(jun)隐公(gong)(gong)。十(shi)(shi)年(nian)（前710），华督杀(sha)死(si)孔父，夺(duo)了他的(de)(de)妻(qi)子(zi)。殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)很生气，于是华督又杀(sha)死(si)殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)，从郑(zheng)国(guo)迎回(hui)穆公(gong)(gong)儿子(zi)冯(feng)并立他为(wei)君(jun)王，这(zhei)(zhei)就是庄公(gong)(gong)。
庄(zhuang)公(gong)元(yuan)年(nian)（前(qian)710），华督作(zuo)宰相。九(jiu)年(nian)（前(qian)702），逮捕了(le)郑国(guo)的祭(ji)（ｚｈàｉ，债）仲(zhong)，要挟他(ta)立突做郑国(guo)国(guo)君。祭(ji)仲(zhong)答应(ying)了(le)，终(zhong)于立突为国(guo)君。十九(jiu)年(nian)（前(qian)692），庄(zhuang)公(gong)去世，儿子湣公(gong)捷即位。
湣(min)(min)公(gong)七年(nian)(nian)（前685），齐桓公(gong)即位(wei)。九年(nian)(nian)（前683），宋国洪水(shui)成灾，鲁国派臧(zang)文仲到宋国慰问，湣(min)(min)公(gong)自责说：“因(yin)为(wei)我不(bu)能(neng)事奉(feng)鬼(gui)神，政(zheng)治不(bu)清明(ming)，所以(yi)发生了大水(shui)。”臧(zang)文仲认为(wei)这(zhei)话很对。这(zhei)话实际是(shi)公(gong)子子鱼教导湣(min)(min)公(gong)的。
十年（前682）夏天(tian)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)讨伐(fa)鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，在乘丘作战(zhan)，鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)活(huo)捉了(le)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)人请(qing)求释放万(wan)(wan)(wan)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)回(hui)(hui)归宋(song)(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。十一年（前681）秋(qiu)天(tian)，湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)出猎(lie)时(shi)作博(bo)戏(xi)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)与(yu)湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)争道，湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)很生气，侮辱了(le)他，说(shuo)(shuo)：“最初我很敬重你，今天(tian)，你只不过(guo)是(shi)鲁(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的一个俘虏。”南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)勇武有力，痛恨湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)这样说(shuo)(shuo)，于是(shi)抓起棋盘把湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)杀(sha)死(si)在蒙泽。大夫(fu)仇(chou)牧(mu)(mu)听(ting)说(shuo)(shuo)这件(jian)事(shi)，带(dai)着武器来到公(gong)(gong)(gong)门。南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)迎击仇(chou)牧(mu)(mu)，仇(chou)牧(mu)(mu)门齿碰到扉上(shang)死(si)了(le)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)又杀(sha)死(si)太宰华督，就(jiu)改(gai)立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)游作国(guo)(guo)(guo)君。各位(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)逃(tao)(tao)奔到萧邑，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)御说(shuo)(shuo)逃(tao)(tao)奔到亳（ｂó，伯(bo)）。南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)的弟(di)弟(di)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)带(dai)领军队包围了(le)亳。冬(dong)天(tian)，萧邑大夫(fu)和宋(song)(song)(song)(song)都逃(tao)(tao)来的公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)们联合击杀(sha)了(le)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)牛(niu)，并杀(sha)死(si)新立(li)的国(guo)(guo)(guo)君公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)游，而立(li)湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)弟(di)弟(di)御说(shuo)(shuo)，这就(jiu)是(shi)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)逃(tao)(tao)奔到陈国(guo)(guo)(guo)。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)派人贿赂了(le)陈。陈国(guo)(guo)(guo)人巧使美人计(ji)用(yong)醇酒(jiu)灌醉了(le)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)，用(yong)皮革(ge)把他裹上(shang)，送回(hui)(hui)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)人对南(nan)(nan)(nan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)万(wan)(wan)(wan)施以醢（ｈǎｉ，海）刑。
桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)二年(nian)（前(qian)680），诸(zhu)(zhu)侯讨(tao)伐宋(song)国(guo)，到了(le)宋(song)都郊外就(jiu)离开了(le)。三(san)年(nian)（前(qian)679），齐桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)开始称霸。二十三(san)年(nian)（前(qian)659），卫(wei)国(guo)把(ba)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)毁(hui)从齐国(guo)迎回，并立他为国(guo)君(jun)，这(zhei)就(jiu)是卫(wei)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)。文(wen)公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)妹妹是宋(song)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)夫(fu)人(ren)。这(zhei)一年(nian)，秦(qin)穆公(gong)(gong)即位(wei)(wei)。三(san)十年(nian)（前(qian)652），宋(song)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)病重，太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)兹甫谦让(rang)自己(ji)的(de)(de)庶(shu)兄目(mu)夷(yi)继承君(jun)位(wei)(wei)。桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)虽(sui)然认(ren)为太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)之意合乎(hu)道义，但最终未(wei)(wei)同意。三(san)十一年(nian)（前(qian)651）春，桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)去世(shi)，太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)兹甫即位(wei)(wei)，这(zhei)就(jiu)是宋(song)襄公(gong)(gong)。襄公(gong)(gong)让(rang)自己(ji)的(de)(de)哥(ge)哥(ge)目(mu)夷(yi)做(zuo)宰(zai)相(xiang)。桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)还(hai)未(wei)(wei)安葬，齐桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)就(jiu)在葵丘会见各国(guo)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯，襄公(gong)(gong)前(qian)去赴会。
襄公七年（前644），宋地陨星坠落如(ru)雨(yu)，和(he)雨(yu)一块降下(xia)，六只(zhi)鶂(ｙì,亿(yi)）退(tui)着飞行，因为风太大了。
八年（前(qian)(qian)643），齐桓公(gong)去世(shi)，宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)想与(yu)(yu)各诸侯(hou)结(jie)(jie)(jie)盟(meng)相(xiang)会。十二年（前(qian)(qian)639）春天，宋(song)(song)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)要在(zai)鹿上(shang)结(jie)(jie)(jie)盟(meng)，向楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)提出(chu)请求，楚(chu)(chu)人答(da)应了(le)(le)(le)他(ta)。公(gong)子(zi)目(mu)夷(yi)(yi)进谏(jian)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)争(zheng)当(dang)盟(meng)首，是灾(zai)祸(huo)。”襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)听不(bu)(bu)进目(mu)夷(yi)(yi)的劝告(gao)。秋(qiu)天，各诸侯(hou)在(zai)盂与(yu)(yu)宋(song)(song)公(gong)聚会结(jie)(jie)(jie)盟(meng)。目(mu)夷(yi)(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“灾(zai)祸(huo)难道在(zai)此(ci)吗？国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君的欲(yu)望太过分了(le)(le)(le)，怎么受得了(le)(le)(le)呢(ni)！”果(guo)然，楚(chu)(chu)拘(ju)捕(bu)了(le)(le)(le)宋(song)(song)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)以讨(tao)伐(fa)宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。冬天，诸侯(hou)再次(ci)在(zai)毫相(xiang)会，楚(chu)(chu)释放了(le)(le)(le)宋(song)(song)公(gong)。子(zi)鱼(yu)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“灾(zai)祸(huo)还(hai)(hai)没有结(jie)(jie)(jie)束呢(ni)。”十三年（前(qian)(qian)638）夏(xia)天，宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)讨(tao)伐(fa)郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。子(zi)鱼(yu)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“灾(zai)祸(huo)就(jiu)在(zai)这里了(le)(le)(le)。”秋(qiu)天，楚(chu)(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为援救郑国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)而讨(tao)伐(fa)宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)要出(chu)战。子(zi)鱼(yu)进谏(jian)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“天抛(pao)弃商很久(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)，不(bu)(bu)可以战。”冬天，十一月，襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)在(zai)泓(hong)水与(yu)(yu)楚(chu)(chu)成王作战。楚(chu)(chu)军渡(du)河未(wei)完时，目(mu)夷(yi)(yi)就(jiu)劝说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“彼众我寡，要趁他(ta)们渡(du)河时攻打(da)(da)他(ta)们。”襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)不(bu)(bu)听目(mu)夷(yi)(yi)的意(yi)见。等(deng)到楚(chu)(chu)军渡(du)完河还(hai)(hai)未(wei)排列成阵(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)势(shi)时，目(mu)夷(yi)(yi)又建议：“可以攻打(da)(da)了(le)(le)(le)。”襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)却说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“等(deng)他(ta)们排好(hao)阵(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)势(shi)再打(da)(da)。”楚(chu)(chu)军阵(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)势(shi)排好(hao)，宋(song)(song)军才出(chu)战。结(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)宋(song)(song)军大败，襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)大腿受伤。宋(song)(song)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人都怨恨襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)。襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)辩解说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“君子(zi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)乘人之危，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)攻打(da)(da)未(wei)列好(hao)阵(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)势(shi)的军队。”子(zi)鱼(yu)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)：“打(da)(da)仗胜了(le)(le)(le)就(jiu)是功劳，说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)些空洞的道理(li)又有什么用(yong)呢(ni)！真的按襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的做，就(jiu)当(dang)奴隶服(fu)侍别有算了(le)(le)(le)，何必(bi)还(hai)(hai)打(da)(da)仗呢(ni)？”
楚成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)救(jiu)郑成(cheng)(cheng)功，郑国热情款待他。成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)离开时(shi)，娶了郑君(jun)两(liang)个(ge)女儿(er)回楚。叔瞻说(shuo)：“成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)不懂礼节(jie)，难道能寿终(zhong)正寝(qin)吗？讲(jiang)究礼节(jie)内外无别，从这里就知(zhi)道他绝对不能成(cheng)(cheng)就霸(ba)业(ye)了。”
这一年(nian)，晋公(gong)(gong)子重(zhong)耳路过(guo)宋国，襄公(gong)(gong)因为被楚国打伤，想得(de)到晋援(yuan)助，于是厚礼重(zhong)耳，赠送给重(zhong)耳八十匹马。
十四(si)年（前(qian)637）夏天，襄公终于死于泓(hong)水之战时的腿伤，儿子成公王臣即位。
成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)元年（前(qian)636），晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)即位。三(san)年（前(qian)634），宋国(guo)(guo)背弃楚国(guo)(guo)盟约与晋(jin)(jin)友好(hao)，因为宋曾对文(wen)公(gong)(gong)有过恩德。四年（前(qian)633），楚成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)讨伐宋国(guo)(guo)，宋国(guo)(guo)向晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)告(gao)急。五年（前(qian)632）晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)救援宋国(guo)(guo)，楚军退去。九年（前(qian)628），晋(jin)(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)去世。十(shi)一(yi)年（前(qian)625），楚太子商臣杀死自己的(de)父亲(qin)成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)即位。十(shi)六年（前(qian)620），秦穆公(gong)(gong)去世。
十七年（前(qian)619），成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)去世。成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)的弟(di)弟(di)御(yu)杀(sha)死太子(zi)和大司马公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)固，自己立为国君。宋人杀(sha)死国君御(yu)，拥立成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)小儿子(zi)杵(chu)臼(jiu)，这(zhei)就是昭公(gong)(gong)。
昭公四年（前616），宋在长丘打败长翟缘斯。七年（前613），楚庄王即位。
九(jiu)年（前611），昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)昏(hun)庸无道，百姓不归附他。昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)的弟(di)弟(di)鲍(bao)(bao)革(ge)很贤惠，又能(neng)礼遇下士。先前，襄公(gong)(gong)夫人想与公(gong)(gong)子鲍(bao)(bao)私通，未能(neng)如愿，于是(shi)就帮助鲍(bao)(bao)对国人布施(shi)恩惠。公(gong)(gong)子鲍(bao)(bao)收于华元的推荐作了右师(shi)。昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)出(chu)猎时，夫人王姬让卫伯杀死昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)杵臼，弟(di)弟(di)鲍(bao)(bao)革(ge)即位，这(zhei)就是(shi)文公(gong)(gong)。
文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元年（前(qian)610），晋(jin)国(guo)率领诸侯(hou)讨(tao)伐宋国(guo)，谴责宋杀死了(le)(le)国(guo)君。但听说文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)已被立为(wei)国(guo)君，就退兵(bing)了(le)(le)。二年（前(qian)609），昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)儿子靠(kao)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的同母弟弟须和武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)、戴公(gong)(gong)(gong)、庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)、桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)代的支持作乱(luan)，文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)便诛杀了(le)(le)他们，赶走(zou)武(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)、缪公(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)代。
四(si)年（前607）春天，楚让郑(zheng)讨(tao)伐宋(song)国(guo)。宋(song)国(guo)派(pai)华(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)作(zuo)统(tong)帅，郑(zheng)国(guo)打败了(le)宋(song)国(guo)，囚禁(jin)了(le)华(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)。华(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)在作(zuo)战初(chu)曾(ceng)杀(sha)羊犒劳(lao)士兵(bing)，他的车夫(fu)没有吃(chi)到(dao)羊羹(geng)，所(suo)以(yi)十分怨恨，便驾着车跑(pao)到(dao)郑(zheng)军中，所(suo)以(yi)宋(song)军失(shi)败，华(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)被囚。宋(song)国(guo)用一百辆(liang)兵(bing)车、四(si)百匹毛色漂亮的马赎回华(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)。这些(xie)东西还未完全送到(dao)楚国(guo)，华(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)就逃了(le)回来。
十四(si)年（前597），楚庄(zhuang)王包围(wei)了(le)郑国(guo)。郑伯投降了(le)楚国(guo)，楚国(guo)又解围(wei)而去。
十六年（前(qian)595），楚(chu)国(guo)使者路(lu)过宋国(guo)，宋国(guo)因有前(qian)仇，就(jiu)逮(dai)捕了(le)(le)楚(chu)国(guo)使者。九月，楚(chu)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王包围宋都。十七年（前(qian)594），楚(chu)国(guo)包围宋都达五(wu)月之久，城内告(gao)急，无粮可吃，华元便在一天(tian)夜里暗(an)中(zhong)会见楚(chu)国(guo)将领子反(fan)。子反(fan)告(gao)诉庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王问：“城中(zhong)怎(zen)么(me)样？”子反(fan)回答：“城内人劈开人骨作柴烧，交换幼子果(guo)腹。”庄(zhuang)(zhuang)王说：“这话是真的(de)呀！我军也只有两天(tian)的(de)口粮了(le)(le)。”楚(chu)国(guo)由于讲求信义(yi)，就(jiu)退兵(bing)了(le)(le)。
二十二年（前589），文公去世，儿子(zi)(zi)共(gong)公瑕立为国(guo)君。宋(song)国(guo)第一次实行厚葬。君子(zi)(zi)讥笑华元没有尽到为臣的职责。
共公(gong)(gong)十(shi)年（前579），华(hua)元(yuan)与(yu)楚(chu)将(jiang)重(zhong)友好，又与(yu)晋(jin)将(jiang)栾书友好，因(yin)此与(yu)晋(jin)楚(chu)都(dou)结了(le)盟。十(shi)三年（前576），共公(gong)(gong)去世。华(hua)元(yuan)做(zuo)右师，鱼(yu)石(shi)做(zuo)左(zuo)师。司马唐山(shan)杀(sha)死(si)(si)太子(zi)肥，又打算杀(sha)死(si)(si)华(hua)元(yuan)，华(hua)元(yuan)要(yao)逃亡到晋(jin)国，鱼(yu)石(shi)阴止了(le)他(ta)，到了(le)黄河(he)又折回来，杀(sha)死(si)(si)了(le)唐山(shan)。于是(shi)，立共公(gong)(gong)小儿子(zi)成，这就是(shi)平(ping)公(gong)(gong)。
平公三年(nian)（前573），楚共(gong)王(wang)攻(gong)下宋国的彭(peng)城(cheng)，把彭(peng)城(cheng)封给宋国左师鱼(yu)石(shi)。四年(nian)（前572），诸侯共(gong)同杀(sha)死(si)鱼(yu)石(shi)，而把彭(peng)城(cheng)归还给宋国。三十五(wu)年(nian)（前541），楚公子(zi)围杀(sha)死(si)自己的国君(jun)即位，这就是灵王(wang)。四十四年(nian)（前532），平公去世(shi)，儿子(zi)元公佐即位。
元公(gong)(gong)(gong)三年(nian)（前529），楚公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)弃疾杀(sha)君即(ji)位，做了平王(wang)。八年(nian)（前524），宋国发生火灾。十年(nian)（前522），元公(gong)(gong)(gong)不讲(jiang)信用，用欺骗手段(duan)杀(sha)死许(xu)多公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)。大夫(fu)华(hua)氏、向(xiang)氏作(zuo)(zuo)乱。楚平王(wang)太子(zi)建逃(tao)奔到宋国，看见华(hua)氏等人互相攻伐(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)战，便(bian)离开宋国跑到郑国。十五年(nian)（前517），因(yin)为鲁昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)在外(wai)居住(zhu)躲避季氏，元公(gong)(gong)(gong)便(bian)替他(ta)四处求情回鲁国，半路(lu)上元公(gong)(gong)(gong)去世，儿子(zi)景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)头(tou)曼（ｗàｎ，万）即(ji)位。
景公(gong)十(shi)六（前501），鲁国(guo)阳虎逃奔到宋国(guo)，后又(you)离开。二十(shi)五年（前492），孔子(zi)路过宋国(guo)，宋国(guo)司(si)马(ma)桓(huan)魋(tui)(ｔūｉ，推)讨(tao)厌(yan)孔子(zi)，想杀死他，孔子(zi)换上(shang)平(ping)民服逃出宋国(guo)。三(san)十(shi)年（前487），曹(cao)(cao)背叛宋国(guo)，宋国(guo)讨(tao)伐曹(cao)(cao)国(guo)，晋国(guo)未(wei)去救援(yuan)，于是宋国(guo)君(jun)灭(mie)亡了曹(cao)(cao)国(guo)，占据了曹(cao)(cao)国(guo)。三(san)十(shi)六年（前481），齐国(guo)田常(chang)杀死国(guo)君(jun)简(jian)公(gong)。
三(san)十七(qi)年(nian)（前480），楚惠王灭亡了(le)陈国(guo)，火星(xing)侵(qin)占了(le)心宿星(xing)区(qu)。心宿区(qu)是(shi)宋(song)国(guo)的(de)天区(qu)，景(jing)(jing)公(gong)十分(fen)担忧。司(si)星(xing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)韦(wei)说(shuo)：“可以把灾(zai)祸(huo)移(yi)(yi)到(dao)(dao)相国(guo)身上。”景(jing)(jing)公(gong)说(shuo)：“不行，相国(guo)象是(shi)我的(de)手足(zu)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)韦(wei)又说(shuo)：“可以移(yi)(yi)到(dao)(dao)百姓(xing)身上。”景(jing)(jing)公(gong)说(shuo)：“也(ye)不行，国(guo)君(jun)靠的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)百姓(xing)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)韦(wei)又说(shuo)：“可以移(yi)(yi)到(dao)(dao)年(nian)成上。”景(jing)(jing)公(gong)说(shuo)：“更不行，年(nian)成歉(qian)收，百姓(xing)贫困，我做谁的(de)国(guo)君(jun)！”子(zi)(zi)(zi)韦(wei)说(shuo)：“天虽高远(yuan)却能(neng)听到(dao)(dao)下界细(xi)微的(de)声音，您有这三(san)句(ju)国(guo)君(jun)应该说(shuo)的(de)话(hua)，火星(xing)应该移(yi)(yi)动了(le)。”于(yu)是(shi)仔细(xi)观测(ce)火星(xing)，火星(xing)果然移(yi)(yi)动了(le)三(san)度。
六十(shi)四(si)年（前453），景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)去世。宋公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子特杀(sha)死(si)太(tai)子即位(wei)，这就是(shi)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)元公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的曾孙。昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的父(fu)亲(qin)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙纠(jiu)(jiu)，纠(jiu)(jiu)的父(fu)亲(qin)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子褍(duan)（ｄｕāｎ，端）秦，褍(duan)秦就是(shi)元公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的小儿子。景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)杀(sha)死(si)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的父(fu)亲(qin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙纠(jiu)(jiu)，所(suo)以昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)怨(yuan)恨太(tai)子，便(bian)杀(sha)死(si)他，自(zi)己即位(wei)。
昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)四十七年（前404）去(qu)世(shi)，儿(er)(er)子(zi)悼(dao)公(gong)(gong)购由立为国(guo)君。悼(dao)公(gong)(gong)八年（前396）去(qu)世(shi)，儿(er)(er)子(zi)休公(gong)(gong)田(tian)即位(wei)。休公(gong)(gong)田(tian)二十三(san)年（前373）去(qu)世(shi)，儿(er)(er)子(zi)辟公(gong)(gong)辟兵即位(wei)。辟公(gong)(gong)三(san)年（前370）去(qu)世(shi)，儿(er)(er)子(zi)剔成(cheng)即位(wei)。剔成(cheng)四十一年（前329），剔成(cheng)的弟弟偃(yan)袭(xi)击剔成(cheng)，剔成(cheng)失败逃到齐国(guo)，偃(yan)自立宋(song)国(guo)国(guo)君。
君(jun)(jun)偃(yan)(yan)十(shi)一年(nian)（前(qian)318），自己号为王(wang)。东(dong)面打败齐国(guo)(guo)，攻下五(wu)座城(cheng)；南面打败楚国(guo)(guo)，侵(qin)占三百里地；西面打败魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)，和齐魏(wei)结成怨家。君(jun)(jun)偃(yan)(yan)用(yong)(yong)牛皮袋盛(sheng)着血，悬挂起来用(yong)(yong)箭射(she)它，称为“射(she)天”。君(jun)(jun)偃(yan)(yan)只知沉(chen)缅(mian)于酒色之中。凡是规劝提意见的大(da)臣，君(jun)(jun)偃(yan)(yan)一律射(she)死(si)。于是诸侯(hou)们都称他为“桀宋(song)”。“宋(song)君(jun)(jun)偃(yan)(yan)又步纣王(wang)后尘(chen)，为所欲为，不可不杀。”诸侯(hou)要求(qiu)齐国(guo)(guo)讨伐宋(song)国(guo)(guo)。王(wang)偃(yan)(yan)即位四十(shi)七年(nian)（前(qian)282），齐湣王(wang)与魏(wei)、楚讨伐宋(song)国(guo)(guo)，杀死(si)王(wang)偃(yan)(yan)，灭亡了(le)宋(song)国(guo)(guo)，瓜分了(le)宋(song)地。
太史公(gong)说：孔子说过“微子走了(le)，箕子成(cheng)为奴隶，比干进谏被杀(sha)，殷朝(chao)有(you)三位仁(ren)者。”《春秋》讥(ji)讽宋(song)国(guo)(guo)的动乱从(cong)宣公(gong)废(fei)掉太子让自己的弟(di)弟(di)即位开始，国(guo)(guo)家不安定(ding)达十代之多。襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)时，修(xiu)行仁(ren)义(yi)(yi)，想做盟主(zhu)。他(ta)的大夫正考(kao)父称赞他(ta)，所(suo)以追(zhui)述契、汤、高宗时代殷朝(chao)兴(xing)盛的原因，写了(le)《商颂》。宋(song)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)在泓(hong)水(shui)吃了(le)败仗之后(hou)，有(you)的君子认为他(ta)值得赞扬，感叹当时中(zhong)原地(di)区(qu)的国(guo)(guo)家缺少礼义(yi)(yi)，所(suo)以表彰他(ta)，因为宋(song)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)具有(you)礼让精(jing)神。
微子(zi)(zi)开(kai)者①，殷(yin)帝乙之首子(zi)(zi)而帝纣(zhou)之庶兄也②。纣(zhou)即立，不(bu)(bu)明，yín乱于(yu)(yu)政(zheng)，微子(zi)(zi)数(shu)谏，纣(zhou)不(bu)(bu)听。及祖伊以周西伯昌(chang)之修德，灭国(guo)(guo)，惧祸至，以告纣(zhou)。纣(zhou)曰：“我(wo)生不(bu)(bu)有命在(zai)天(tian)(tian)乎？是何能为！”于(yu)(yu)是微子(zi)(zi)度(du)纣(zhou)终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)可谏，欲死(si)之，及去，未能自决(jue)，乃(nai)问于(yu)(yu)太师(shi)(shi)、少师(shi)(shi)曰：“殷(yin)不(bu)(bu)有治(zhi)政(zheng)，不(bu)(bu)治(zhi)四方。我(wo)祖遂(sui)陈于(yu)(yu)上，纣(zhou)沈湎(mian)于(yu)(yu)酒(jiu)，妇(fu)人是用，乱败汤德于(yu)(yu)下。殷(yin)既小(xiao)大好草窃奸宄(gui)，卿士(shi)师(shi)(shi)师(shi)(shi)非度(du)，皆有罪辜，乃(nai)无(wu)维获，小(xiao)民乃(nai)并兴，相为敌仇。今(jin)殷(yin)其(qi)典丧！若涉水无(wu)津涯。殷(yin)遂(sui)丧，越至于(yu)(yu)今(jin)。”曰：“太师(shi)(shi)、少师(shi)(shi)，我(wo)其(qi)发出往？吾(wu)家(jia)保于(yu)(yu)丧？今(jin)女无(wu)故告予，颠跻(ji)③，如之何其(qi)？”太师(shi)(shi)若曰④：“王子(zi)(zi)，天(tian)(tian)笃下灾亡殷(yin)国(guo)(guo)，乃(nai)毋畏畏，不(bu)(bu)用老长。今(jin)殷(yin)民乃(nai)陋(lou)淫(yin)神祇之祀⑤。今(jin)诚(cheng)得治(zhi)国(guo)(guo)，国(guo)(guo)治(zhi)身死(si)不(bu)(bu)恨。为死(si)，终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)得治(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)如去。”遂(sui)亡。
①微子开(kai)：《尚书·微子之命》云(yun)命微子启代殷后。今此名开(kai)，是避讳汉景帝的名。 ②庶兄：《吕氏(shi)春(chun)秋》云(yun)生(sheng)微子时母犹(you)为妾，及为妻而生(sheng)纣(zhou)(zhou)。故微子为纣(zhou)(zhou)同母庶兄也(ye)。 ③颠(dian)跻：《集解(jie)》曰(yue)：“跻犹(you)坠(zhui)也(ye)。恐颠(dian)坠(zhui)于非义，当如之何也(ye)。” ④若：顺。 ⑤神(shen)祇(zhi)（ｑì，齐）：天曰(yue)神(shen)，地曰(yue)祇(zhi)。
箕(ji)(ji)(ji)子者，纣(zhou)亲戚也(ye)。纣(zhou)始为(wei)(wei)象箸，箕(ji)(ji)(ji)子叹(tan)曰(yue)：“彼为(wei)(wei)象箸，必为(wei)(wei)玉杯(bei)；为(wei)(wei)杯(bei)，则必思远(yuan)方珍怪之物而(er)(er)御之矣。舆马宫室之渐自(zi)(zi)此始，不可振也(ye)。”纣(zhou)为(wei)(wei)淫泆，箕(ji)(ji)(ji)子谏(jian)，不听。人或曰(yue)：“可以去矣。”箕(ji)(ji)(ji)子曰(yue)：“为(wei)(wei)人臣谏(jian)不听而(er)(er)去，是彰(zhang)君之恶而(er)(er)自(zi)(zi)说于民①，吾不忍为(wei)(wei)也(ye)。”乃被发(fa)详狂而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)奴②。遂隐而(er)(er)鼓(gu)琴以自(zi)(zi)悲(bei)，故传之曰(yue)《箕(ji)(ji)(ji)子操》③。
王(wang)子比干(gan)者(zhe)，亦纣(zhou)之(zhi)亲戚也。见箕子谏不听而(er)为奴(nu)，则曰(yue)：“君有过而(er)不以死(si)争④，则百姓何辜！”乃(nai)直(zhi)言(yan)谏纣(zhou)。纣(zhou)怒曰(yue)：“吾(wu)闻(wen)圣人之(zhi)心有七(qi)窍，信有诸乎？”乃(nai)遂(sui)杀王(wang)子比干(gan)，刳视其心⑤。
微(wei)(wei)子(zi)曰：“父子(zi)有骨肉，则臣(chen)主以义属。故(gu)父有过(guo)，子(zi)三(san)谏(jian)不听，则随而号(hao)之；人臣(chen)三(san)谏(jian)不听，则其义可以去(qu)矣。”于是太(tai)师(shi)、少师(shi)乃(nai)劝微(wei)(wei)子(zi)去(qu)⑥，遂行。
①说：通(tong)“悦 ②被：通(tong)“披”； 详：通(tong)“佯(yang)”。 ③《箕子操(cao)》：《风俗通(tong)义》曰：“其道闭(bi)寒(han)忧愁而作者，命其曲曰操(cao)，操(cao)者，言遇灾遇害，困厄穷迫，虽(sui)怨恨失意，犹守礼(li)义，不惧不慑，乐道而不改其操(cao)也。” ④争：通(tong)“诤”，直言相劝。 ⑤刳(ku)(ｋū，枯)：剖(pou)开(kai)而挖(wa)空。 ⑥太师、少(shao)师：《集(ji)解》曰：“太师，三(san)公(gong)，箕子也。少(shao)师，孤卿(qing)，比(bi)干也。”《集(ji)解》又云：“时比(bi)干已死，而云少(shao)师者似误(wu)。”
周(zhou)武王(wang)伐纣克殷，微子(zi)乃持其(qi)祭器造于军门①，肉袒面缚②，左牵羊，右把茅，膝行而(er)前以(yi)告。于是武王(wang)乃释微子(zi)，复其(qi)位如故。
武(wu)王封纣子武(wu)庚禄父以续(xu)殷祀，使管叔(shu)、蔡叔(shu)傅(fu)相之。
①造：往，到。 ②肉(rou)袒(tan)面缚：《索隐》云肉(rou)袒(tan)者，袒(tan)而(er)露肉(rou)也(ye)。面缚者，缚手于背而(er)面向(xiang)前也(ye)。
武王(wang)既克殷，访问箕(ji)子。
武子(zi)曰：“于乎！维天阴定下民，相和其居，我不(bu)知其常伦所(suo)序。”
箕子对曰：“在昔鲧(gun)堙鸿(hong)水①，汩陈其五行(xing)②，帝乃震怒，不(bu)从鸿(hong)范九(jiu)等，常伦所(suo)③。鲧(gun)则殛死④，禹乃嗣兴。天乃锡(xi)禹鸿(hong)范九(jiu)等，常伦所(suo)序。
“初一曰(yue)五行；二曰(yue)五事；三(san)曰(yue)八(ba)政；四曰(yue)五纪(ji)；五曰(yue)皇极；六曰(yue)三(san)德(de)；七(qi)曰(yue)稽疑；八(ba)曰(yue)庶征；九(jiu)曰(yue)向用五福，畏用六极。
“五行：一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)水，二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)火，三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)木，四(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)金(jin)，五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)土。水曰(yue)(yue)(yue)润(run)下，火曰(yue)(yue)(yue)炎(yan)上，木曰(yue)(yue)(yue)曲直(zhi)，金(jin)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)从(cong)革，土曰(yue)(yue)(yue)稼穑。润(run)下作(zuo)(zuo)咸，炎(yan)下作(zuo)(zuo)苦(ku)，曲直(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)酸(suan)，从(cong)革作(zuo)(zuo)辛，稼穑作(zuo)(zuo)甘。
“五事：一曰(yue)貌，二曰(yue)言，三曰(yue)视，四曰(yue)听，五曰(yue)思。貌曰(yue)恭(gong)，言曰(yue)从，视曰(yue)明，听曰(yue)聪，思曰(yue)睿。恭(gong)作(zuo)肃，从作(zuo)治，明作(zuo)智，聪作(zuo)谋，睿作(zuo)圣。
“八政：一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)，二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)货，三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀，四(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)司空，五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)司徒，六(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)司寇，七曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)宾，八曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)师。
“五纪：一曰岁，二(er)曰月，三曰日，四曰星辰，五曰历数⑤。
“皇(huang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：皇(huang)建其有(you)(you)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，敛时(shi)(shi)五福⑥，用傅锡其庶(shu)(shu)民(min)⑦，维(wei)时(shi)(shi)其庶(shu)(shu)民(min)于(yu)女(nv)(nv)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)⑧，锡女(nv)(nv)保极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。凡厥庶(shu)(shu)民(min)，毋(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)淫朋(peng)，人毋(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)比(bi)德(de)，维(wei)皇(huang)作(zuo)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。凡厥庶(shu)(shu)民(min)，有(you)(you)猷有(you)(you)为有(you)(you)守(shou)⑨，女(nv)(nv)则念之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)协(xie)于(yu)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，不(bu)离于(yu)咎⑩，则受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)(er)安而(er)(er)色，曰予所好(hao)(hao)德(de)，女(nv)(nv)则锡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福。时(shi)(shi)人斯(si)其维(wei)皇(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。毋(wu)(wu)侮(wu)鳏寡而(er)(er)畏高(gao)明。人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)能(neng)有(you)(you)为，使羞其行(xing)(11)，而(er)(er)国其昌。凡厥正(zheng)人，既富方穀(gu)。女(nv)(nv)不(bu)能(neng)使有(you)(you)好(hao)(hao)于(yu)而(er)(er)家，时(shi)(shi)人斯(si)其辜。于(yu)其毋(wu)(wu)好(hao)(hao)，女(nv)(nv)虽锡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福，其作(zuo)女(nv)(nv)用咎。毋(wu)(wu)偏毋(wu)(wu)颇，遵王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。毋(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)作(zuo)好(hao)(hao)，遵王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。毋(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)作(zuo)恶(e)，遵王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路。毋(wu)(wu)偏毋(wu)(wu)党(dang)，王(wang)道荡(dang)荡(dang)。毋(wu)(wu)党(dang)毋(wu)(wu)偏，王(wang)道平平(12)。毋(wu)(wu)反毋(wu)(wu)侧，王(wang)道正(zheng)直。会(hui)其有(you)(you)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，归其有(you)(you)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。曰王(wang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傅言(yan)，是(shi)夷是(shi)训(13)，于(yu)帝其顺(shun)。凡厥庶(shu)(shu)民(min)，极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傅言(yan)，是(shi)顺(shun)是(shi)行(xing)，以近天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(14)。曰天(tian)子作(zuo)民(min)父母，以为天(tian)下王(wang)。
“三(san)德：一曰(yue)正(zheng)(zheng)直，二曰(yue)刚克，三(san)曰(yue)柔克，平康正(zheng)(zheng)直，强不友刚克(15)，内友柔克(16)，沈渐(jian)刚克(17)，高明柔克。维(wei)(wei)辟作(zuo)福(fu)，维(wei)(wei)辟作(zuo)威，维(wei)(wei)辟玉(yu)(yu)食(18)。臣无有作(zuo)福(fu)作(zuo)威玉(yu)(yu)食。臣有作(zuo)福(fu)作(zuo)威玉(yu)(yu)食，其害于(yu)而(er)家，凶于(yu)而(er)国。人(ren)用侧(ce)颇辟，民用僭忒(19)。
“稽疑(20)：择建立(li)卜(bu)筮(shi)人(ren)(ren)(21)。乃(nai)命卜(bu)筮(shi)，曰(yue)(yue)雨，曰(yue)(yue)济(ji)(22)，曰(yue)(yue)涕(23)，曰(yue)(yue)雾，曰(yue)(yue)克，曰(yue)(yue)贞(zhen)，曰(yue)(yue)悔，凡七。卜(bu)五，占(zhan)之(zhi)用二(er)，衍忒(te)(24)。立(li)时人(ren)(ren)为卜(bu)筮(shi)，三(san)人(ren)(ren)占(zhan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)二(er)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)言。女(nv)(nv)(nv)则(ze)(ze)(ze)有大疑，谋(mou)及(ji)女(nv)(nv)(nv)心，谋(mou)及(ji)卿士(shi)，谋(mou)及(ji)庶(shu)(shu)人(ren)(ren)，谋(mou)及(ji)卜(bu)筮(shi)。女(nv)(nv)(nv)则(ze)(ze)(ze)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，龟(gui)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，筮(shi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，卿士(shi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，庶(shu)(shu)民(min)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，是之(zhi)谓大同(25)，而身其(qi)康(kang)强，而子孙其(qi)逢吉(ji)(26)。女(nv)(nv)(nv)则(ze)(ze)(ze)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，龟(gui)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，筮(shi)逆(ni)(ni)，卿士(shi)逆(ni)(ni)，庶(shu)(shu)民(min)逆(ni)(ni)，吉(ji)。卿士(shi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，龟(gui)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，筮(shi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，女(nv)(nv)(nv)则(ze)(ze)(ze)逆(ni)(ni)，庶(shu)(shu)民(min)逆(ni)(ni)，吉(ji)。庶(shu)(shu)民(min)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，龟(gui)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，筮(shi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，女(nv)(nv)(nv)则(ze)(ze)(ze)逆(ni)(ni)，卿士(shi)逆(ni)(ni)，吉(ji)(27)。女(nv)(nv)(nv)则(ze)(ze)(ze)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，龟(gui)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，筮(shi)从(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)，卿士(shi)逆(ni)(ni)，庶(shu)(shu)民(min)逆(ni)(ni)，作(zuo)内吉(ji)，作(zuo)外凶(28)。龟(gui)筮(shi)共违于人(ren)(ren)，用静吉(ji)，用作(zuo)凶(29)。
“庶征(zheng)：曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雨，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阳(yang)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)奥，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)寒(han)(han)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)风(feng)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)时(shi)。五(wu)者来备，各以其序，庶草(cao)繁庑(30)。一(yi)极(ji)备，凶(xiong)。一(yi)极(ji)亡(wang)(31)，凶(xiong)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)休征(zheng)(32)：曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)肃(su)，时(shi)雨若(ruo)(ruo)；曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)治(zhi)，时(shi)晹(yi)若(ruo)(ruo)；曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)知，时(shi)奥若(ruo)(ruo)；曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)谋，时(shi)寒(han)(han)若(ruo)(ruo)；曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)圣，时(shi)风(feng)若(ruo)(ruo)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)咎征(zheng)(33)：曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)狂，常雨若(ruo)(ruo)；曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)僭(34)，常晹(yi)若(ruo)(ruo)；曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)舒，常奥若(ruo)(ruo)；日急，常寒(han)(han)若(ruo)(ruo)；曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雾，常风(feng)若(ruo)(ruo)。王眚维(wei)岁(sui)(35)，卿士维(wei)月(yue)，师尹维(wei)日。岁(sui)月(yue)日时(shi)毋易(yi)，百谷(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)成，治(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)，畯民用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)章(36)，家用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平康。日月(yue)岁(sui)时(shi)既易(yi)，百谷(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)成，治(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昏不(bu)明(ming)，畯民用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)微，家用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)宁(ning)。庶民维(wei)星(xing)(xing)，星(xing)(xing)有(you)好风(feng)，星(xing)(xing)有(you)好雨。日月(yue)之行，有(you)冬有(you)夏。月(yue)之从星(xing)(xing)，则(ze)以风(feng)雨。
“五福：一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)寿，二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)富(fu)，三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)康宁(ning)，四(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)攸好德(37)，五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)考终命(38)。六(liu)极(39)：一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)凶短折(40)，二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)疾，三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)忧(you)，四(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)贫，五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)恶，六(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)弱。”
于是(shi)武王乃(nai)封箕子(zi)于朝鲜而不臣也。
其后(hou)箕(ji)子朝周(zhou)，过故殷墟，感宫室毁坏(huai)，生禾(he)黍(shu)，箕(ji)子伤之，欲(yu)哭则不(bu)可，欲(yu)泣(qi)为(wei)其近妇人(ren)，乃作《麦(mai)(mai)秀(xiu)》之诗以歌咏之。其诗曰(yue)：“麦(mai)(mai)秀(xiu)渐渐兮(xi)(41)，禾(he)黍(shu)油(you)(you)油(you)(you)。彼狡僮兮(xi)，不(bu)与我好兮(xi)！”所谓狡僮者，纣(zhou)也。殷民(min)闻(wen)之，皆为(wei)流涕。
①鸿(hong)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“洪”。 ②汩(ｇū，骨(gu))：扰乱(luan)。 ③(ｄù，妒)：败(bai)坏(huai)。 ④殛(ji)(ｊí，极)：诛戮。 ⑤历数(shu)：推算岁时(shi)节(jie)候(hou)。 ⑥时(shi)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“是”。 ⑦傅：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“敷”，布。 锡：赐也(ye)(ye)。 ⑧女：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“汝”，你。 ⑨有(you)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“又(you)”。 猷(ｙóｕ，犹)：谋划。 ⑩离：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“罹”，遭受。 咎(jiu)：罪(zui)责。 (11)羞：进。 (12)平(ｂｉàｎ，辨)平：当作(zuo)(zuo)“■”，清(qing)明可(ke)辨貌。(13)夷(yi)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“彝”，一定的(de)法(fa)则(ze)(ze)。 (14)近：益，增加。 (15)支：顺。 (16)内(nei)：《索隐(yin)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)内(nei)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)燮，和(he)。 (17)沈：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“沉”。 渐：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“潜(qian)”。 沉、潜(qian)，均(jun)有(you)在下的(de)意(yi)思，当指劳(lao)动(dong)人民(min)。 (18)维(wei)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)作(zuo)(zuo)福，维(wei)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)作(zuo)(zuo)威(wei)，维(wei)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)玉(yu)食：《集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“辟(pi)(pi)(pi)，君也(ye)(ye)。玉(yu)食。美(mei)食。不言(yan)王者(zhe)，关诸侯也(ye)(ye)。”“作(zuo)(zuo)福，专(zhuan)爵(jue)赏也(ye)(ye)。作(zuo)(zuo)威(wei)，专(zhuan)刑罚也(ye)(ye)。玉(yu)食，珍美(mei)也(ye)(ye)。” (19)僭(jian)忒：逾(yu)越常(chang)规，心怀恶念(nian)。 (20)稽：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“乩”，旧时(shi)迷信者(zhe)求神降示的(de)一种方法(fa)。能为(wei)(wei)(wei)人决(jue)疑(yi)治病，预(yu)示吉(ji)(ji)凶(xiong)(xiong)。(21)卜筮：《集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解》云(yun)：”龟曰(yue)(yue)(yue)卜，蓍曰(yue)(yue)(yue)筮。 (22)济：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“霁”，兆象雨(yu)止。 (23)涕：《尚书》作(zuo)(zuo)“■”，兆象气络绎不绝。 (24)衍忒：推演变化。 (25)大同(tong)：《集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“大同(tong)于吉(ji)(ji)”。(26)子孙其(qi)逢吉(ji)(ji)：《集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“动(dong)不违众，故后世(shi)遇吉(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。” (27)吉(ji)(ji)：《集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“此(ci)三(san)者(zhe)皆从多(duo)，故为(wei)(wei)(wei)吉(ji)(ji)。” (28)作(zuo)(zuo)内(nei)吉(ji)(ji)，作(zuo)(zuo)外凶(xiong)(xiong)：《集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“此(ci)逆者(zhe)多(duo)，以故举事于境内(nei)则(ze)(ze)吉(ji)(ji)，境外则(ze)(ze)凶(xiong)(xiong)。” (29)用(yong)静吉(ji)(ji)，用(yong)作(zuo)(zuo)凶(xiong)(xiong)：《集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解》云(yun)：“安(an)以守(shou)常(chang)则(ze)(ze)吉(ji)(ji)，动(dong)则(ze)(ze)凶(xiong)(xiong)。”“龟筮皆与人谋相违，人虽三(san)从，犹不可(ke)以举事。” (30)奥(ｙù，郁)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“燠”，暖。 庑：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“芜(wu)”，草盛。(31)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“无”。 (32)休：旧指美(mei)善。 (33)咎(jiu)：灾祸。 (34)僭(jian)：差(cha)失。 (35)眚(ｓｈěｎｇ，省)：过(guo)失。 (36)畯：通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“俊”。 (37)攸：所。 (38)考：老。 (39)极：惩(cheng)罚的(de)意(yi)思。 (40)凶(xiong)(xiong)短折：《集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解》云(yun)：“未(wei)龀日凶(xiong)(xiong)，未(wei)冠曰(yue)(yue)(yue)短，未(wei)婚曰(yue)(yue)(yue)折。” (41)渐渐：麦芒之状。
武(wu)(wu)王崩(beng)，成(cheng)王少，周(zhou)公(gong)旦代(dai)(dai)行政当国(guo)①。管(guan)、蔡疑之(zhi)，乃与武(wu)(wu)庚作乱，欲袭成(cheng)王、周(zhou)公(gong)。周(zhou)公(gong)既(ji)承成(cheng)王命(ming)诛武(wu)(wu)庚，杀管(guan)叔，放蔡叔，乃命(ming)微子(zi)开代(dai)(dai)殷(yin)后，奉其先祀，作《微子(zi)之(zhi)命(ming)》以申之(zhi)，国(guo)于宋(song)。微子(zi)故能仁贤，乃代(dai)(dai)武(wu)(wu)庚，殷(yin)之(zhi)佘民甚(shen)戴(dai)爱之(zhi)。
微(wei)子(zi)(zi)开卒(zu)(zu)，立(li)(li)(li)(li)其弟衍(yan)，是(shi)为(wei)微(wei)仲(zhong)(zhong)②。微(wei)仲(zhong)(zhong)卒(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)宋(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)稽立(li)(li)(li)(li)。宋(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)稽卒(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)丁(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)申立(li)(li)(li)(li)。丁(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)申卒(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)共立(li)(li)(li)(li)。湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)共卒(zu)(zu)，弟炀(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)熙立(li)(li)(li)(li)。炀(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)即位，湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)鲋祀杀炀(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)而自立(li)(li)(li)(li)，曰“我当立(li)(li)(li)(li)”，是(shi)为(wei)厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)。厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)(zu)，子(zi)(zi)釐(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)举(ju)立(li)(li)(li)(li)。
釐公(gong)十七(qi)年，周(zhou)厉王出奔彘。
二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)，釐公(gong)(gong)卒，子惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)立(li)。惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)四年(nian)，周宣(xuan)王即位。三十(shi)年(nian)，惠(hui)公(gong)(gong)卒，子哀公(gong)(gong)立(li)。哀公(gong)(gong)元年(nian)卒，子戴公(gong)(gong)立(li)。
戴公二十九年，周(zhou)幽(you)王为犬左(zuo)戎所(suo)杀，秦始列为诸侯。
三十四年，戴公(gong)卒(zu)，子武(wu)(wu)公(gong)司空立(li)。武(wu)(wu)公(gong)生(sheng)女为鲁惠(hui)公(gong)夫人，生(sheng)鲁桓公(gong)。十八年，武(wu)(wu)公(gong)卒(zu)，子宣(xuan)公(gong)力立(li)。
①当(dang)国：掌握(wo)国家政(zheng)权。 ②微(wei)种：一说微(wei)仲乃(nai)微(wei)子(zi)末(mo)之子(zi)。
宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)有太子(zi)与妻。十九(jiu)年，宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)病，让(rang)(rang)其弟和(he)，曰(yue)：“父(fu)死(si)子(zi)继，兄死(si)弟及，天下(xia)通(tong)义也。我其立(li)和(he)。”和(he)亦三让(rang)(rang)而(er)受之。宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)卒，弟和(he)立(li)，是为(wei)穆公(gong)。
穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)九年，病，召大司(si)孔父谓(wei)曰：“先君(jun)(jun)宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)舍太子与夷而立我(wo)，我(wo)不敢忘(wang)。我(wo)死(si)，必立与夷也。”孔父曰：“群臣皆愿立公(gong)子冯。”穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)曰：“毋(wu)立冯，吾(wu)不可以负宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)。”于是穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)使冯出居于郑。八月庚(geng)辰，穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)卒(zu)，兄(xiong)宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)子与妻立，是为殇公(gong)。君(jun)(jun)子闻之，曰：“宋宣(xuan)(xuan)公(gong)可谓(wei)知人矣(yi)，立其弟(di)以成(cheng)义，然(ran)卒(zu)其子复享之。”
殇公(gong)元年，卫(wei)公(gong)子州吁杀(sha)其君完自立，欲得诸侯，使告于宋(song)曰(yue)：“冯在郑，必(bi)为乱，可与我伐之①。”宋(song)许(xu)之，与伐郑，至东门(men)(men)而还(hai)。二年，郑伐宋(song)，以(yi)报东门(men)(men)之役。其后诸侯数(shu)来侵伐。
九年(nian)(nian)，大司马孔父(fu)嘉(jia)好，出，道遇(yu)太宰(zai)督(du)，督(du)说，目而(er)观之。督(du)利孔父(fu)妻②，乃使人宣言国中曰：“殇公(gong)即位十(shi)年(nian)(nian)耳③，而(er)十(shi)一战④，民苦不堪，皆孔父(fu)为(wei)之，我且杀孔父(fu)以宁民。”是岁 ⑤，鲁弑其(qi)君隐公(gong)。十(shi)年(nian)(nian)，华督(du)攻(gong)孔父(fu)，取其(qi)妻⑥。殇公(gong)怒，遂弑殇公(gong)，而(er)迎穆公(gong)子冯于郑而(er)立之，是为(wei)庄公(gong)。
①冯(feng)在(zai)(zai)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，必(bi)为乱，可与(yu)我伐之(zhi)：据《左传·隐公(gong)四年(nian)》载，宋(song)(song)(song)公(gong)子(zi)冯(feng)欲与(yu)宋(song)(song)(song)殇(shang)公(gong)争(zheng)君(jun)(jun)位，当(dang)宋(song)(song)(song)殇(shang)公(gong)即位后，公(gong)子(zi)冯(feng)便(bian)出奔郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)。“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人欲纳之(zhi)，及卫(wei)州(zhou)吁立将(jiang)修先(xian)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)怨(yuan)于郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，而求宠于诸(zhu)侯，以和其民。”于是州(zhou)吁便(bian)以除掉公(gong)子(zi)冯(feng)为由派使者劝告(gao)宋(song)(song)(song)国(guo)与(yu)自(zi)己共同(tong)讨伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)。 ②利(li)：贪(tan)图。 ③殇(shang)公(gong)：为谥(shi)号(hao)，死(si)后称之(zhi)，此处“殇(shang)”字当(dang)省(sheng)。 ④十一战(zhan)(zhan)：《集解》曰(yue)：“一战(zhan)(zhan)，伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，围(wei)其东门；二战(zhan)(zhan)，取其禾；三战(zhan)(zhan)，取邾田；四战(zhan)(zhan)，邾郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)宋(song)(song)(song)，入(ru)其郛；五(wu)战(zhan)(zhan)，伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，围(wei)长葛；六战(zhan)(zhan)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以王(wang)命伐宋(song)(song)(song)；七(qi)战(zhan)(zhan)，鲁(lu)败宋(song)(song)(song)师于菅；八(ba)战(zhan)(zhan)，宋(song)(song)(song)、卫(wei)人郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)；九战(zhan)(zhan)，伐戴；十战(zhan)(zhan)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)入(ru)宋(song)(song)(song)；十一战(zhan)(zhan)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯以虢(guo)师大败宋(song)(song)(song)。 ⑤是岁：鲁(lu)隐公(gong)被(bei)杀在(zai)(zai)宋(song)(song)(song)殇(shang)公(gong)八(ba)年(nian)，不(bu)当(dang)在(zai)(zai)此年(nian)。 ⑥取：通“娶”。
庄公(gong)元年，华(hua)督为(wei)(wei)相。九年①，执(zhi)郑(zheng)之祭(ji)仲，要以立突为(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)君。祭(ji)仲许，竟(jing)立突。十九年，庄公(gong)卒②，子(zi)湣公(gong)捷(jie)立。
湣(min)公七年(nian)，齐桓公即位。九年(nian)，宋水，鲁使臧文仲(zhong)往吊水③。湣(min)公自罪曰：“寡人(ren)以不(bu)能(neng)事鬼神，政不(bu)修(xiu)，故水。”臧文仲(zhong)善(shan)此(ci)言。此(ci)言乃(nai)公子(zi)子(zi)鱼教湣(min)公也④。
十年(nian)夏，宋伐鲁(lu)⑤，战于(yu)乘(cheng)丘，鲁(lu)生虏(lu)宋南宫万。宋人(ren)(ren)请万，万归(gui)宋。十一(yi)年(nian)秋，湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)与南宫万猎(lie)，因(yin)博(bo)争行⑥，湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)怒(nu)，辱之(zhi)，曰：“始吾敬(jing)若(ruo)；今若(ruo)，鲁(lu)虏(lu)也(ye)(ye)。”万有(you)力(li)，病此言⑦，遂(sui)以局杀(sha)湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)蒙(meng)泽⑧。大(da)夫仇(chou)牧(mu)闻之(zhi)，以兵造公(gong)(gong)(gong)门，万博(bo)牧(mu)，牧(mu)齿著门阖死⑨。因(yin)杀(sha)太宰华督，乃(nai)更(geng)立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)游为(wei)君(jun)。诸公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)奔(ben)萧，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)御(yu)说奔(ben)毫(hao)。万弟南宫牛(niu)将兵围毫(hao)。冬(dong)，萧及宋之(zhi)诸公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)共击杀(sha)南宫牛(niu)，弑(shi)宋新君(jun)游而立(li)湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)弟御(yu)说，是为(wei)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)。宋万奔(ben)陈。宋人(ren)(ren)请以赂(lu)陈。陈人(ren)(ren)使妇人(ren)(ren)饮(yin)之(zhi)醇酒(jiu)，以革裹之(zhi)，归(gui)宋。宋人(ren)(ren)醢万也(ye)(ye)⑩。
①九年(nian)(nian)(nian)：执郑(zheng)之(zhi)祭仲当在宋庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。九年(nian)(nian)(nian)误。 ②十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)：庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)八卒，无十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)。 ③吊：慰问遭(zao)遇不幸(xing)。 ④公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)鱼：据(ju)《左(zuo)传·庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)》，子(zi)(zi)鱼当为子(zi)(zi)鱼之(zhi)父御(yu)说。子(zi)(zi)鱼至僖公(gong)(gong)(gong)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)始见《左(zuo)传》，距此(ci)尚三十(shi)(shi)佘年(nian)(nian)(nian)矣。 ⑤十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)：宋伐鲁当在宋湣公(gong)(gong)(gong)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)。十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)误。 ⑥博：通“簙”，古代一种博戏。 ⑦病(bing)：痛(tong)恨(hen)。 ⑧局：棋盘。 ⑨阖：《集(ji)解》曰：“阖，门扇(shan)。” ⑩醢（ｈǎｉ，海）：古代的一种酷刑(xing)，把人剁成肉酱。
桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(nian)(nian)，诸侯伐宋，至郊而(er)去。三(san)年(nian)(nian)，齐(qi)(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)始霸。二十三(san)年(nian)(nian)，迎卫公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)毁(hui)于齐(qi)(qi)，立之，是(shi)(shi)为(wei)卫文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)女弟为(wei)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)人①。秦穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)位(wei)。三(san)十年(nian)(nian)，桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)病，太子(zi)兹甫(fu)让其庶兄目(mu)夷为(wei)嗣②。桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)义(yi)太子(zi)意，竟(jing)不听。三(san)十一年(nian)(nian)春，桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)卒，太子(zi)兹甫(fu)立，是(shi)(shi)为(wei)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。以其庶兄目(mu)夷为(wei)相(xiang)。未葬，而(er)齐(qi)(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)会诸侯于葵丘，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)往会。
襄公七年(nian)，宋地陨星如雨(yu)，与(yu)雨(yu)偕下；六鶂(ni)退蜚③，风(feng)疾也。
八年，齐桓公(gong)(gong)卒，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)欲为(wei)(wei)盟会。十(shi)(shi)二年春，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)襄公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)鹿上之(zhi)(zhi)盟，以(yi)(yi)求(qiu)诸侯于(yu)楚(chu)，楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)许之(zhi)(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)目(mu)夷谏曰：“小国(guo)争(zheng)盟，祸(huo)也。”不(bu)听。秋，诸侯会宋(song)(song)(song)(song)公(gong)(gong)盟于(yu)盂。目(mu)夷曰：“祸(huo)其在此(ci)乎？君欲已甚，何(he)以(yi)(yi)堪之(zhi)(zhi)！”于(yu)是楚(chu)执宋(song)(song)(song)(song)襄公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)伐(fa)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)。冬，会于(yu)毫，以(yi)(yi)释宋(song)(song)(song)(song)公(gong)(gong)。子(zi)(zi)鱼(yu)曰：“祸(huo)犹未也。”十(shi)(shi)三年夏，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)伐(fa)郑。子(zi)(zi)鱼(yu)曰：“祸(huo)在此(ci)矣。”秋，楚(chu)伐(fa)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)以(yi)(yi)救郑。襄公(gong)(gong)将(jiang)战，子(zi)(zi)鱼(yu)谏曰：“天之(zhi)(zhi)弃商久矣，不(bu)可。”冬，十(shi)(shi)一月，襄公(gong)(gong)与(yu)楚(chu)成王战于(yu)泓。楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)未济，目(mu)夷曰：“彼众我寡，及其未济击(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。”公(gong)(gong)不(bu)听。已济未陈④，又曰：“可击(ji)。”公(gong)(gong)曰：“待其己(ji)陈。”陈成，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)人(ren)(ren)击(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)师大败(bai)，襄公(gong)(gong)伤股。国(guo)人(ren)(ren)皆怨(yuan)公(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)曰：“君子(zi)(zi)不(bu)困人(ren)(ren)于(yu)厄，不(bu)鼓不(bu)成列。”子(zi)(zi)鱼(yu)曰：“兵以(yi)(yi)胜(sheng)为(wei)(wei)功(gong)，何(he)常言(yan)与(yu)⑤！必如(ru)公(gong)(gong)言(yan)，即奴(nu)事之(zhi)(zhi)耳，又何(he)战为(wei)(wei)？”
楚(chu)成(cheng)王已救(jiu)郑，郑享之⑥；去(qu)而取郑二(er)姬(ji)以(yi)归(gui)。叔(shu)瞻(zhan)曰：“成(cheng)王无礼，其不没(mei)乎(hu)？为(wei)礼卒于无别，有(you)以(yi)知其不遂霸也。
是年，晋公(gong)子重(zhong)(zhong)耳过宋，襄公(gong)以伤于楚，欲得晋援，厚礼(li)重(zhong)(zhong)耳，以马二十(shi)乘。
十(shi)四年(nian)夏(xia)⑦，襄公病伤于泓而竟卒，子成公王臣立。
①女弟：妹(mei)妹(mei)。 ②目夷：字子(zi)鱼。 ③蜚：通(tong)“飞”。 ④陈：通(tong)“阵”。 ⑤何常(chang)言(yan)与：《集解》一云“尚何言(yan)与”。 ⑥享：通(tong)“飨”。 ⑦十(shi)四(si)(si)年：当(dang)作“二十(shi)四(si)(si)年”。
成(cheng)公元(yuan)年(nian)，晋文公即位。三年(nian)，倍楚(chu)盟亲晋①，以(yi)有德(de)于(yu)(yu)文公也。四年(nian)，楚(chu)成(cheng)王伐宋(song)，宋(song)告急于(yu)(yu)晋。五年(nian)，晋文公救宋(song)，楚(chu)兵(bing)去。九年(nian)，晋文公卒。十一年(nian)，楚(chu)太子商臣(chen)弑其父成(cheng)王代立。十六年(nian)，秦穆(mu)公卒。
十七年，成(cheng)公(gong)卒。成(cheng)公(gong)弟御杀(sha)太子(zi)及(ji)大司马公(gong)孙(sun)固而(er)自(zi)立为君(jun)(jun)。宋人共杀(sha)君(jun)(jun)御而(er)立成(cheng)公(gong)少子(zi)杵(chu)臼，是为昭公(gong)。
昭公四年，宋败长翟(zhai)缘斯于长丘。七年，楚庄王(wang)即位。
九年，昭(zhao)公(gong)无道(dao)，国人(ren)不(bu)附。昭(zhao)公(gong)弟(di)鲍(bao)革贤而下士②。先，襄公(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)欲(yu)通于公(gong)子鲍(bao)，不(bu)可(ke)，乃(nai)助之施于国，因大夫(fu)华元为右师(shi)。昭(zhao)公(gong)出(chu)猎，夫(fu)人(ren)王姬使(shi)卫伯攻杀公(gong)杵臼。弟(di)鲍(bao)革立，是为文(wen)公(gong)。
①倍：通“背”。背弃(qi)。 ②鲍革：“革”字(zi)为衍文，即(ji)公子(zi)鲍。
文公(gong)元年，晋率诸侯伐宋，责以弑君(jun)。闻文公(gong)定立，乃去(qu)，二(er)年，昭公(gong)子因文公(gong)母弟须与武、缪、戴、庄、桓之族为(wei)乱(luan)，文公(gong)尽(jin)诛之，出武、缪之族①。
四(si)(si)年春，楚命郑伐宋(song)。宋(song)使华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)将，郑败(bai)宋(song)，囚(qiu)华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)。华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)之将战，杀羊以食士，其御羊羹(geng)不及，故(gu)怨(yuan)，驰(chi)入郑军，故(gu)宋(song)师败(bai)，得囚(qiu)华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)。宋(song)以兵车百(bai)乘文马四(si)(si)百(bai)匹赎华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)。未尽入，华(hua)(hua)元(yuan)(yuan)亡归(gui)宋(song)。
十四年，楚(chu)庄王围郑(zheng)。郑(zheng)伯降(jiang)楚(chu)，楚(chu)复释(shi)之(zhi)。
十六年，楚使过宋(song)，宋(song)有前仇，执楚使②。九月，楚庄王(wang)(wang)围宋(song)。十七年，楚以围宋(song)五月不解(jie)③，宋(song)城(cheng)中(zhong)急，无食，华元乃夜私见楚将(jiang)子反。子反告庄王(wang)(wang)。王(wang)(wang)问：“城(cheng)中(zhong)何如？”曰：“析骨而炊(chui)，易子而食。”庄王(wang)(wang)曰：“诚哉言！我军(jun)亦有二日粮。”以信故，遂罢(ba)兵去。
二(er)十二(er)年，文公卒(zu)，子共公瑕立(li)。始厚葬(zang)。君子讥华(hua)元不臣(chen)矣。
共(gong)公(gong)十年，华(hua)元(yuan)善楚将子重，又善晋将栾书，两盟晋楚。十三年，共(gong)公(gong)卒(zu)。华(hua)元(yuan)为(wei)(wei)右师，鱼(yu)(yu)石(shi)为(wei)(wei)左师。司马(ma)唐山攻杀太子肥，欲(yu)杀华(hua)元(yuan)，华(hua)元(yuan)奔晋，鱼(yu)(yu)石(shi)止之，至(zhi)河(he)乃还，诛(zhu)唐山。乃立(li)共(gong)公(gong)少子成，是(shi)为(wei)(wei)平公(gong)。
①出(chu)武、穆(mu)之族(zu)：《左传·文公(gong)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)》载此事为(wei)(wei)：“宋(song)武氏之族(zu)道昭公(gong)子，将奉司城须以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)乱。十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)，宋(song)公(gong)杀母弟须及昭公(gong)子，使(shi)戴(dai)、庄(zhuang)、桓(huan)之族(zu)攻(gong)武氏于(yu)司马子伯之馆(guan)，遂出(chu)武、穆(mu)之族(zu)。”此将戴(dai)、庄(zhuang)、桓(huan)三族(zu)亦为(wei)(wei)作(zuo)(zuo)乱者，误也。 ②执楚(chu)(chu)使(shi)：据《左传·宣(xuan)公(gong)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)》当作(zuo)(zuo)“杀楚(chu)(chu)使(shi)者。”《楚(chu)(chu)世家》、《十(shi)(shi)二诸侯年(nian)表》亦“杀楚(chu)(chu)使(shi)者。” ③围宋(song)五月(yue)：据《左传·宣(xuan)公(gong)十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)》所载当作(zuo)(zuo)“围宋(song)九月(yue)。”
平公(gong)三年(nian)(nian)，楚共王拔宋之彭(peng)城(cheng)，以封(feng)宋左师(shi)鱼(yu)石。四(si)年(nian)(nian)，诸侯共诛鱼(yu)石，而归彭(peng)城(cheng)于宋。三十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)，楚公(gong)子(zi)围弑(shi)其(qi)君自立，为灵(ling)王。四(si)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)，平公(gong)卒，子(zi)元(yuan)公(gong)佐立。
元公(gong)三年(nian)，楚(chu)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弃疾弑灵王(wang)，自立为(wei)平(ping)王(wang)。八年(nian)，宋火(huo)。十(shi)年(nian)，元公(gong)毋信，诈杀诸公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，大夫华、向氏(shi)作乱(luan)。楚(chu)平(ping)王(wang)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)建来奔，见诸华氏(shi)相攻乱(luan)，建去如郑。十(shi)五年(nian)，元公(gong)为(wei)鲁(lu)昭公(gong)避季氏(shi)居外，为(wei)之求入鲁(lu)，行道(dao)卒，子(zi)(zi)(zi)景(jing)公(gong)头曼(man)立。
景公(gong)十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)，鲁(lu)阳虎(hu)来奔，已复去(qu)。二十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)，孔子过宋(song)①，宋(song)司马桓魋恶之，欲杀(sha)孔子，孔子微服去(qu)②。三(san)十(shi)年(nian)，曹倍宋(song)，又(you)倍晋，宋(song)伐(fa)曹，晋不(bu)救(jiu)，遂灭(mie)曹有之。三(san)十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)，齐田(tian)常(chang)弑简(jian)公(gong)。
三(san)十七年，楚(chu)惠王(wang)灭(mie)陈。荧(ying)惑守心③。心，宋之分野也④。景公(gong)忧之。司星子韦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“可移(yi)于相(xiang)。”景公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“相(xiang)，吾之股肱。”曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“可移(yi)于民。”景公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“君者(zhe)待民。“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：”可移(yi)于岁(sui)。景公(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“岁(sui)饥民困，吾谁为君！”子韦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“天高(gao)听(ting)卑，君有君人之言三(san)，荧(ying)惑宜有动。”于是候之⑤，果徙三(san)度。
六十四年⑥，景(jing)公卒(zu)。宋公子(zi)特(te)攻杀(sha)(sha)(sha)太子(zi)而自立⑦，是(shi)为昭公。昭公者，元(yuan)公之曾(ceng)庶孙公孙纠，纠父(fu)公子(zi)褍秦(qin)，褍秦(qin)即元(yuan)公少子(zi)也。景(jing)公杀(sha)(sha)(sha)昭公父(fu)纠，故(gu)昭公怨杀(sha)(sha)(sha)太子(zi)而自立。
①二十五：孔子(zi)过宋在(zai)二十二年(nian)，此处误(wu)。 ②微服：旧时帝(di)王(wang)、官吏(li)为(wei)(wei)了隐藏自己的(de)身分(fen)而改装(zhuang)平民的(de)服装(zhuang)。 ③荧惑：即火星(xing)。守：甲星(xing)侵占(zhan)乙星(xing)通常所在(zai)的(de)天区。 心宿：二十八宿之一。 ④分(fen)野：我国古代的(de)一种(zhong)迷信说法，将天空星(xing)宿分(fen)为(wei)(wei)十二次，配属于(yu)各国，用以占(zhan)卜吉凶。 ⑤候(hou)：观察。 ⑥六(liu)十四(si)年(nian)：《表》记(ji)景公卒于(yu)前451年(nian)，在(zai)位共六(liu)十六(liu)年(nian)，实误(wu)。 ⑦公子(zi)特：“特”当作“得”。
昭公四(si)(si)十七年(nian)卒(zu)，予悼(dao)公购由立(li)(li)。悼(dao)公八年(nian)卒(zu)，子(zi)休(xiu)公田(tian)立(li)(li)。休(xiu)公田(tian)二(er)十三年(nian)卒(zu)，子(zi)辟公辟兵(bing)立(li)(li)。辟公三年(nian)卒(zu)，子(zi)剔(ti)成(cheng)立(li)(li)。剔(ti)成(cheng)四(si)(si)十一年(nian)，剔(ti)成(cheng)弟偃攻袭剔(ti)成(cheng)，剔(ti)成(cheng)败奔齐(qi)，偃自立(li)(li)为宋君。
君偃十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)，自立(li)为王。东败齐(qi)，取五城①，南败楚(chu)，取地三百里；西败魏(wei)军，乃(nai)与(yu)齐(qi)、魏(wei)为敌国。盛血以韦囊，县(xian)而射之②，命曰“射天”。淫于(yu)酒妇人(ren)。群臣谏者辄射之。于(yu)是诸侯皆(jie)曰“桀宋(song)”。“宋(song)其复(fu)为纣所为，不可不诛”。告齐(qi)伐宋(song)。王偃立(li)四十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)③。齐(qi)湣王与(yu)魏(wei)、楚(chu)伐宋(song)④，杀王偃，遂灭(mie)宋(song)而三分其他。
①取(qu)五(wu)城(cheng)：《战国(guo)策·宋策》载(zai)“齐(qi)(qi)拔宋五(wu)城(cheng)”，此处(chu)误为(wei)宋取(qu)五(wu)城(cheng)。以下载(zai)“南败楚”事亦有误。 ②县：通“悬”。 ③王偃(yan)立(li)四十七年(nian)(nian)：《六(liu)国(guo)年(nian)(nian)表(biao)》言(yan)前286年(nian)(nian)齐(qi)(qi)灭(mie)(mie)宋，君偃(yan)在位应为(wei)四十三年(nian)(nian)。 ④齐(qi)(qi)湣王与魏、楚伐宋：此说仅见于此，《六(liu)国(guo)年(nian)(nian)表(biao)》及各《世家》皆言(yan)齐(qi)(qi)湣王灭(mie)(mie)宋，未言(yan)魏、楚参与。
太(tai)史公(gong)曰：孔子(zi)称“微子(zi)去之(zhi)(zhi)，箕子(zi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)奴，比(bi)干谏而(er)死，殷(yin)有三(san)仁焉”。《春(chun)秋》讥(ji)宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)自宣公(gong)废太(tai)子(zi)而(er)立弟，国以(yi)(yi)(yi)不宁者十(shi)世。襄(xiang)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)时，修(xiu)行仁之(zhi)(zhi)，欲为(wei)盟主。其(qi)大夫正考父美之(zhi)(zhi)①，故追道(dao)契、汤、高(gao)宗(zong)，殷(yin)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兴，作《商颂》。襄(xiang)公(gong)既败(bai)于泓，而(er)君子(zi)或以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)多，伤(shang)中(zhong)国阙(que)礼义，褒(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)，宋(song)襄(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)有礼让也(ye)。
①正考父：正考父曾佐戴、武、宣诸公，在襄公以前百佘年，此处言“正考父美之”云云，实误。
上一篇：史记·晋世家原文、注释与翻译
下一篇：史记·卫康叔世家原文、注释与翻译