郑伯克段于鄢原文
左传
初,郑(zheng)武公(gong)(gong)娶于申(shen),曰(yue)武姜。生(sheng)庄公(gong)(gong)及共叔段。庄公(gong)(gong)寤(wu)生(sheng),惊姜氏,故(gu)名曰(yue)寤(wu)生(sheng),遂(sui)恶之。爱共叔段,欲立之。亟(ji)请于武公(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)弗许(xu)。
及庄公(gong)即位,为之(zhi)请(qing)(qing)制(zhi)。公(gong)曰:“制(zhi),岩(yan)邑(yi)也。虢(guo)叔死焉(yan),佗邑(yi)唯(wei)命(ming)。”请(qing)(qing)京,使(shi)居(ju)之(zhi),谓之(zhi)京城大叔。
祭仲曰:“都城过百雉,国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)也。先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,大(da)都不过参国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一,中、五之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一,小、九之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一。今京不度,非制也,君(jun)将不堪(kan)。”公(gong)(gong)曰:“姜氏(shi)欲(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),焉辟害(hai)。”对曰:“姜氏(shi)厌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)?不如(ru)早为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所,无使滋蔓(man),蔓(man)难图也。蔓(man)草犹不可(ke)除,况(kuang)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宠弟乎?”公(gong)(gong)曰:“多行(xing)不义(yi),必自(zi)毙,子姑待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
既而大叔西鄙(bi)北贰于己。公(gong)子吕曰(yue):“国不(bu)堪贰。君将若之何?欲与大叔,臣(chen)请事(shi)之。若弗与,则请除之,无生民心。”公(gong)曰(yue):“无庸,将自及。”
大(da)叔(shu)又收贰以为己邑(yi)。至于(yu)于(yu)廪延。子封(feng)曰:“可矣!厚(hou)将(jiang)得众。”公曰:“不义(yi)不昵,厚(hou)将(jiang)崩。”
大(da)叔完聚,缮甲兵,具卒(zu)乘,将(jiang)(jiang)袭郑,夫(fu)人(ren)将(jiang)(jiang)启之。公闻其期曰(yue):“可(ke)矣。”命子(zi)封帅车二百(bai)乘以(yi)伐京,京叛大(da)叔段。段入于鄢,公伐诸(zhu)鄢。五月辛丑,大(da)叔出奔共。
书曰(yue):“郑伯克段于鄢。”段不弟,故(gu)不言弟。如二君,故(gu)曰(yue)克。称郑伯,讥失教也(ye)。谓之(zhi)郑志,不言出奔,难(nan)之(zhi)也(ye)。
遂(sui)置,姜氏于城颍,而誓(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“不(bu)及黄(huang)泉,无(wu)相见(jian)(jian)也。”既而悔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。颍考叔为颍谷封(feng)人,闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)献(xian)于公(gong),公(gong)赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)。食(shi)舍肉,公(gong)问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。对(dui)曰:“小(xiao)(xiao)人有(you)母,皆(jie)尝小(xiao)(xiao)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)矣。未尝君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羹,请以遗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”公(gong)曰:“尔有(you)母遗,繄我(wo)独无(wu)。”颍考叔曰:“敢问何谓也?”公(gong)语之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故,且告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悔。对(dui)曰:“君何患焉(yan)。若(ruo)阙地及泉,隧而相见(jian)(jian),其(qi)谁(shei)曰不(bu)然(ran)?”公(gong)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
公入而赋:“大(da)(da)隧之(zhi)中,其乐也融融。”姜出(chu)而赋:“大(da)(da)隧之(zhi)外,其乐也泄泄。”遂为母子如初。
君(jun)子曰:“颍考叔(shu),纯(chun)孝(xiao)也,爱其(qi)母,施及庄公。诗曰:‘孝(xiao)子不匮(kui),永锡尔类。’其(qi)是(shi)之谓乎。”