2022年长春市初中毕业生学业水平考试
语文
注意事项:
1.答题前(qian),考生(sheng)务必将(jiang)自己的姓名(ming)、准考证号填写在答题卡上(shang)。
2.回答选(xuan)择题(ti)(ti)时(shi),选(xuan)出每(mei)小题(ti)(ti)答案后,用铅(qian)笔(bi)把答题(ti)(ti)卡上对(dui)应题(ti)(ti)目(mu)的答案标号涂黑。如需改动(dong),用橡皮擦干净后,再选(xuan)涂其它答案标号。回答非(fei)选(xuan)择题(ti)(ti)时(shi), 将答案写在答题(ti)(ti)卡上,写在本(ben)试卷上无效。
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一(yi)、积累与运(yun)用(yong)(15分)
阅读下(xia)面(mian)的文(wen)字(zi),完成下(xia)面(mian)小题。
孔(kong)子有(you)(you)一(yi)句名言:“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)为(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。”意(yi)思是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao),这就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,这最后一(yi)个“知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”字,究竟是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)智慧(hui)□还是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识(shi)□如果(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)智慧(hui),那就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)理性精(jing)神或能(neng)(neng)力;如果(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识(shi),那就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特殊的知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识(shi),而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)常所谓知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识(shi)。其实,两种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)解释有(you)(you)相通(tong)之(zhi)处。苏(su)格拉底说:“我知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)自(zi)己(ji)无知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”这同孔(kong)子的说法很相近。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)自(zi)己(ji)无知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)断求(qiu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);越是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)断求(qiu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),越知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)自(zi)己(ji)无知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“无知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)获得知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识(shi)的基础和动力,孔(kong)子有(you)(you)这种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)智慧(hui)或“自(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,所以(yi)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)“学而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)厌(yan),诲(hui)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)倦”,也才(cai)能(neng)(neng)要(yao)求(qiu)学生在求(qiu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)上(shang)永不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)停息,更不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)以(yi)有(you)(you)了(le)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)识(shi)而沾(zhan)沾(zhan)自(zi)喜(xi)。
1、准确、工整地抄写下面句子。(2分)
知之为知之,不知为不知,是(shi)知也(ye)。
2、你认(ren)为文中加点的“知”应解释(shi)为:_________,读作:_________。(2分)
3、填入文中方框内的标点符号(hao),正确的一项是( )(2分)
A. , , B. , , C. , ?D. ??
4、下列与读书学习有关(guan)的成语(yu),不是出自《论语(yu)》的一项是( )(2分(fen))
A. 学而不(bu)厌 B. 温故知新 C. 不(bu)求甚解 D. 不(bu)耻下(xia)问
5、古诗(shi)文(wen)默写填空。(7分)
(1)蒹葭苍苍,白(bai)露为(wei)霜。所谓伊人,_________。(《诗经·蒹葭》)
(2)________,_______。谈笑(xiao)有(you)鸿儒,往来(lai)无白(bai)丁。(刘(liu)禹锡《陋室铭》)
(3)在(zai)《破(po)阵(zhen)子·为陈同甫赋壮(zhuang)词(ci)以寄之(zhi)》中,辛弃疾用“________________,________________”表达了率师北(bei)伐、收复失地和建功立业的愿望。
(4)龚自珍《己亥杂诗》(其五)中的(de)“_____________,__________”可以用来赞美为实现民族复兴(xing)而无私奉献(xian)的(de)中华儿(er)女。
二、阅读(45分)
(一)阅读下面的课内文言文,完成(cheng)下面小题。(7分)
欧阳修
①环滁(chu)皆山(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)西南诸峰,林壑(he)尤美(mei),望(wang)之(zhi)蔚然而(er)深秀(xiu)者,琅琊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。山(shan)行六七里,渐闻(wen)水(shui)(shui)声潺潺,而(er)泻出于两(liang)峰之(zhi)间者,酿泉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。峰回路(lu)转,有亭翼然临于泉上者,醉(zui)翁(weng)亭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。作亭者谁(shei)?山(shan)之(zhi)僧(seng)智仙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。名之(zhi)者谁(shei)?太守(shou)自(zi)谓也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。太守(shou)与客(ke)来饮于此(ci),饮少辄醉(zui),而(er)年又最高,故自(zi)号(hao)曰醉(zui)翁(weng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。醉(zui)翁(weng)之(zhi)意不在酒(jiu),在乎(hu)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)间也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。山(shan)水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)乐,得之(zhi)心而(er)寓之(zhi)酒(jiu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
②若夫日(ri)出而(er)(er)林霏(fei)开,云归(gui)而(er)(er)岩(yan)穴暝,晦(hui)明变化(hua)者,山(shan)(shan)间之(zhi)(zhi)朝暮也(ye)(ye)。野芳发而(er)(er)幽香(xiang),佳木秀而(er)(er)繁(fan)阴,风霜(shuang)高洁(jie),水落而(er)(er)石(shi)出者,山(shan)(shan)间之(zhi)(zhi)四时(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。朝而(er)(er)往,暮而(er)(er)归(gui),四时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)景不同,而(er)(er)乐亦无(wu)穷也(ye)(ye)。
③至于(yu)负者(zhe)歌(ge)于(yu)途,行者(zhe)休(xiu)于(yu)树,前(qian)者(zhe)呼,后者(zhe)应,伛(yu)偻(lou)提携(xie),往(wang)来而不绝者(zhe),滁人(ren)游也(ye)(ye)。临溪而渔,溪深而鱼肥(fei)。酿泉为酒,泉香而酒洌;山肴野蔌,杂然(ran)(ran)而前(qian)陈者(zhe),太守宴也(ye)(ye)。宴酣(han)之乐,非丝(si)非竹,射者(zhe)中,弈者(zhe)胜,觥筹交(jiao)错,起坐(zuo)而喧哗者(zhe),众宾欢也(ye)(ye)。苍颜白发,颓然(ran)(ran)乎(hu)其间者(zhe),太守醉(zui)也(ye)(ye)。
④已而(er)夕(xi)阳在山(shan),人(ren)影散乱,太(tai)守(shou)(shou)(shou)归(gui)而(er)宾客从(cong)也。树林阴翳,鸣声上下,游人(ren)去而(er)禽鸟乐(le)(le)也。然而(er)禽鸟知山(shan)林之(zhi)乐(le)(le),而(er)不知人(ren)之(zhi)乐(le)(le);人(ren)知从(cong)太(tai)守(shou)(shou)(shou)游而(er)乐(le)(le),而(er)不知太(tai)守(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)乐(le)(le)其(qi)乐(le)(le)也。醉能同其(qi)乐(le)(le),醒能述以(yi)文者(zhe),太(tai)守(shou)(shou)(shou)也。太(tai)守(shou)(shou)(shou)谓谁?庐陵欧阳修也。
6、下列对(dui)文中(zhong)加点词的(de)解释,不正确的(de)一项是( )(2分)
A. 得(de)之(zhi)心而寓之(zhi)酒也 寓:寄托
B. 野芳(fang)发而幽(you)香 发:开放
C. 游人去而禽鸟(niao)乐也 去:离开
D. 而不(bu)知太守之乐(le)(le)其乐(le)(le)也(ye) 乐(le)(le):快乐(le)(le)
7、下列对(dui)文章的(de)理解(jie),不(bu)恰当的(de)一(yi)项是( )(2分)
A. 第①段从山写到(dao)泉(quan),从泉(quan)写到(dao)亭,如镜头(tou)逐次拉(la)近,给人身临其境的感觉。
B. 第②③④段(duan)是(shi)按(an)照(zhao)写(xie)景、写(xie)乐、写(xie)人的(de)顺(shun)序(xu)来(lai)写(xie)的(de),层次分明,引人入胜。
C. 醉翁与太守,名号与官职,互为表里(li),互相映衬,揭(jie)示了人(ren)物形象(xiang)的(de)多面性。
D. 文(wen)章回环咏叹的节(jie)奏,舒缓的语(yu)气,悠扬的韵(yun)致,与虚词(ci)“也”的使用有关。
8、如果你(ni)和家(jia)人来(lai)到(dao)久负盛名的醉(zui)翁亭,你(ni)将向家(jia)人介绍太守(shou)欧(ou)阳修的哪些事情?请依据上文分条作答。(3分)
(二(er))阅读下面的课外文言文,完成下面小(xiao)题。(8分)
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(选自(zi)《费孝通(tong)人(ren)物(wu)随笔》有删减)
15、结合(he)文章揣摩孩子们说话时的心理,选出(chu)理解不恰当的一(yi)项(xiang)( )(2分)
A. “我(wo)是想做三(san)先生(sheng)。”(敬(jing)佩、仰慕)
B. “教书(shu)?教孩子们书(shu)?我(wo)不干!有什么意思(si)?”(质疑、不屑)
C. “可是三先生为什么不去发明和探险,不去做项羽和张良,而在教我们书呢?”(不解、疑惑)