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23三顾茅庐①
罗贯中
却说(shuo)玄德(de)(de)②访(fang)孔明两次(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遇,欲(yu)再往(wang)访(fang)之。关公曰:“兄长两次(ci)亲往(wang)拜谒(ye),其礼太(tai)过矣(yi)。想(xiang)诸葛亮有虚名而无(wu)(wu)实(shi)学,故避而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢见(jian)。兄何惑(huo)于(yu)斯(si)人之甚也!”玄德(de)(de)曰:“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然。昔齐(qi)桓(huan)公欲(yu)见(jian)东郭(guo)野人,五反而方得一(yi)面(mian)③。况(kuang)吾欲(yu)见(jian)大贤耶?”张飞曰:“哥(ge)哥(ge)差(cha)矣(yi)。量此村夫(fu),何足为(wei)大贤!今番不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须哥(ge)哥(ge)去;他(ta)如不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)来,我(wo)只用一(yi)条麻(ma)绳缚将来!”玄德(de)(de)叱曰:“汝(ru)(ru)岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻周(zhou)文(wen)王谒(ye)姜子牙之事(shi)乎?文(wen)王且如此敬贤,汝(ru)(ru)何太(tai)无(wu)(wu)礼!今番汝(ru)(ru)休去,我(wo)自与云长去。”飞曰:“既两位哥(ge)哥(ge)都去,小(xiao)弟(di)如何落后(hou)!”玄德(de)(de)曰:“汝(ru)(ru)若同往(wang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可失礼。”飞应诺。
于(yu)是三(san)人乘马(ma)引(yin)从者往隆中④。离草庐半(ban)里之(zhi)外,玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)便下(xia)(xia)马(ma)步行,正遇(yu)诸葛均(jun)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)忙施礼(li),问曰(yue)(yue):“令兄在(zai)(zai)(zai)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)否?”均(jun)曰(yue)(yue):“昨暮方(fang)归。将军今(jin)日可与相(xiang)见(jian)(jian)(jian)。”言罢,飘然自去(qu)(qu)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)曰(yue)(yue):“今(jin)番侥幸(xing)得(de)见(jian)(jian)(jian)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)矣!”张飞曰(yue)(yue):“此人无礼(li)!便引(yin)我(wo)等(deng)到(dao)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)也不妨,何(he)故竟自去(qu)(qu)了!”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)曰(yue)(yue):“彼各有(you)事,岂可相(xiang)强(qiang)。”三(san)人来到(dao)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)前叩(kou)门,童(tong)子开门出问。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)曰(yue)(yue):“有(you)劳仙童(tong)转报:刘备专来拜(bai)见(jian)(jian)(jian)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)。”童(tong)子曰(yue)(yue):“今(jin)日先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)虽在(zai)(zai)(zai)家,但(dan)今(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)草堂上(shang)(shang)昼寝(qin)未醒。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)曰(yue)(yue):“既如此,且休通报。”吩咐关、张二人,只在(zai)(zai)(zai)门首等(deng)着(zhe)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)徐步而入,见(jian)(jian)(jian)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)仰卧于(yu)草堂几席(xi)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)拱立阶下(xia)(xia)。半(ban)晌,先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)未醒。关、张在(zai)(zai)(zai)外立久,不见(jian)(jian)(jian)动静,入见(jian)(jian)(jian)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)犹然⑤侍(shi)立。张飞大怒,谓云长曰(yue)(yue):“这先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)如何(he)傲(ao)慢!见(jian)(jian)(jian)我(wo)哥(ge)哥(ge)侍(shi)立阶下(xia)(xia),他竟高卧,推(tui)睡(shui)不起(qi)!等(deng)我(wo)去(qu)(qu)屋后放一把火(huo),看(kan)他起(qi)不起(qi)!”云长再(zai)三(san)劝住。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)仍命(ming)二人出门外等(deng)候。望(wang)堂上(shang)(shang)时(shi),见(jian)(jian)(jian)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)翻身将
①节选自《三国演义》第三十八回(人民文学出版社1973年版)。有删节。题目是编者加的。《三国演义》是我国第一部章回体长篇历史演义小说。该书以东汉末年到西晋建立期间的社会历史为背景,着重叙述魏、蜀、吴三国的兴衰过程,反映了东汉末年及三国时期政治腐败、生灵涂炭、农民起义、诸侯割据的社会现实。该书结构宏大,情节曲折,塑造了数以百计的人物形象,具有很高的艺术成就。顾,拜访。
②〔玄(xuan)德(de)〕即刘备(bei)(161—223),字玄(xuan)德(de),三国时蜀汉(han)政权的(de)建立者。在小说(shuo)中,刘备(bei)和关(guan)羽(字云长)、张飞(字翼德(de))是结义(yi)兄(xiong)弟。
③〔昔齐(qi)桓公(gong)欲见(jian)(jian)东(dong)(dong)郭(guo)野人,五反而方得一面〕春秋时期齐(qi)桓公(gong)想去(qu)看一个小臣,亲自去(qu)了三次都(dou)没见(jian)(jian)到。旁人劝(quan)他不要去(qu)了,他不听(ting),第五次才终于见(jian)(jian)到。东(dong)(dong)郭(guo)野人,就是齐(qi)桓公(gong)要见(jian)(jian)的那个小臣。反,同“返”。
④〔隆中〕地名,在今湖北襄阳(yang),诸葛亮(liang)曾经隐居(ju)于此。一说在今河南南阳(yang)。
⑤〔犹(you)然〕仍然。